CN109397796A - 一种曲面夹芯金属板 - Google Patents

一种曲面夹芯金属板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109397796A
CN109397796A CN201710904581.5A CN201710904581A CN109397796A CN 109397796 A CN109397796 A CN 109397796A CN 201710904581 A CN201710904581 A CN 201710904581A CN 109397796 A CN109397796 A CN 109397796A
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China
Prior art keywords
panel
hollow pipe
curved surface
hollow
curved
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Granted
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CN201710904581.5A
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CN109397796B (zh
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张跃
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/21—Rigid pipes made of sound-absorbing materials or with sound-absorbing structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
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    • A47B96/20—Furniture panels or like furniture elements
    • A47B96/205—Composite panels, comprising several elements joined together
    • A47B96/206—Composite panels, comprising several elements joined together with laminates comprising planar, continuous or separate layers
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    • B64C1/12—Construction or attachment of skin panels
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    • E01D19/12—Grating or flooring for bridges; Fastening railway sleepers or tracks to bridges
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    • E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
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Abstract

一种曲面夹芯金属板，包括第一面板、第二面板和设于第一面板、第二面板之间的若干个空心管；所述第一面板、第二面板与空心管之间设有钎焊层；所述第一面板和/或第二面板为曲面板，所述空心管的轴线与第一面板和/或第二面板的曲面切线相垂直。本发明具有重量轻、强度高，耐温高、耐腐蚀、保温好等优异性能，其空腔结构同时具有隔振减噪的作用，能够适用于所需曲面结构的各个领域中。

Description

一种曲面夹芯金属板
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料技术领域，特别是一种曲面夹芯金属板。
背景技术
现有的夹芯复合板大多是采用蜂窝夹芯板，蜂窝芯通常是紧密排列在一起，一方面加工难，另一方面，不易焊接。并且，当面板为弧形板时，蜂窝芯大多是水平面，不易与弧形面板之间连接，从而出现蜂窝芯的多个位置没有焊到、或者产生缝隙或空洞等，导致焊接很不均匀，大大降低整体的强度和质量。另外，现有的蜂窝夹芯板大多都是平面板，不能用于带曲面结构的各个领域中，通用性差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的上述不足而提供一种重量轻、强度高，耐温高、耐腐蚀、保温好，隔振减噪，适用范围广的曲面夹芯金属板。
本发明的技术方案是：一种曲面夹芯金属板，包括第一面板、第二面板和设于第一面板、第二面板之间的若干个空心管；所述第一面板、第二面板与空心管之间设有钎焊层；所述第一面板和/或第二面板为曲面板，所述空心管的轴线与第一面板和/或第二面板的曲面切线相垂直。
上述技术方案具有以下优点：（1）将面板设置为曲面板，就能够适用于任何曲面结构的壳体或骨架，例如飞机外壳、桥梁等；（2）将空心管的轴线与第一面板和/或第二面板的曲面切线相垂直，能够增强空心管与面板之间的连接强度，避免出现空心管的多个位置没有焊到、或者产生缝隙或空洞等，导致钎焊很不均匀，本方案能够大大提高曲面夹芯金属板的强度和质量；（3）通过将第一面板、第二面板和空心管之间钎焊连接，能够使整体结构受力更加均匀。
上述方案的若干个空心管中，可以是部分空心管的轴线与第一面板和/或第二面板的曲面切线相垂直；或者全部空心管的轴线与第一面板和/或第二面板的曲面切线相垂直。
进一步，空心管可以是封闭式结构、中空结构或半封闭结构等。例如：封闭式结构可以是内腔为空心，端部封闭的结构，其中端部封闭也属于本申请翻边内翻的一种结构，例如前述的翻边通过内翻将空心管的端部遮挡住的封闭式结构。半封闭结构可以是空心管的内腔半封闭，也可以是空心管的管壁半封闭，例如在管壁上开一道缝隙较小的槽，或者在空心管上开设多个孔。
进一步，所述空心管的截面形状为圆形、椭圆形或N边形，N≥3，如三角形、方形、六边形、七边形、八边形等。
空心管的结构具有以下优点：第一，能够大大提高轻量化；第二，空心管的加入保证第一面板和第二面板受到应力后能够通过空心管进行疏散，从而减少曲面芯板的整体应力，进而增大结构的整体强度，使得上述结构具有以下特点：同等强度下，重量最轻；同等重量下，强度最大；第三，通过第一面板、第二面板对空心管的上下端进行钎焊密封，形成较大空间的密闭层，大大提高隔音效果。
空心管优选为圆形空心管，具有受力均匀、不易变形、稳定性高等优点，且制作工艺简单，成本低廉。当空心管为N变形式，优选N大于4，边数越多越稳定，不易变形。
进一步，所述空心管的至少一端设有翻边；所述若干个空心管均为带翻边的空心管；或者所述若干个空心管中包括带翻边的空心管和未设置翻边的空心管。
设置翻边一方面便于钎焊，降低与钎料连接的难度；另一方面，能够增大空心管与面板之间的焊接面积，提高空心管的钎焊强度，进而提高整体的稳定性。
本发明的翻边可以是沿空心管端部外翻的接触面，或者是沿空心管端部内翻的接触面；无论内翻还是外翻，翻边可以是整体形成的接触面，也可以是间隔设置的接触面，如相对称的至少两个半圆形、相对称的至少两个条形等，或者是其他异形结构，如花瓣形等；翻边也可以是沿空心管端部水平翻出并向下弯折的接触面等。上述任意的翻边结构都可以增大空心管与面板之间的焊接面积。
另外，若干个空心管中，可以是部分空心管的至少一端设有翻边，部分空心管未设置翻边。
进一步，所述第一面板和/或第二面板的材质为不锈钢、碳钢、钛或合金板。第一面板和第二面板优选采用耐高温材料制成，能够起到防火等作用。当然，上述材质仅是本发明的几种优选方案，并不限定本发明的材质。合金板可以是铜合金板、钛合金板等。
进一步，所述空心管的材质为不锈钢、碳钢、钛或合金板。
进一步，所述第一面板和第二面板均为曲面板；或者一面板为曲面板，另一面板为平面板；或者第一面板和/或第二面板带转角。
面板带转角是指在面板的边缘延伸出与该面板呈一角度的另一板体，该板体上也加入空芯管，通过整体钎焊形成带转角的金属板。
进一步，所述第一面板与第二面板的曲面结构相同或不同。例如，第一面板的弧度略大，第二面板的弧度略小，又或者第一面板为弧形板，第二面板为波浪形板；又或者第一面板的厚度大于第二面板的厚度等。第一面板与第二面板可以平行设置、交叉设置或对称设置等。
进一步，所述曲面板的形状为弧形或波浪形。
进一步，所述钎焊层采用铜、铝、锡或合金钎焊料。具有较高的熔点，能够耐高温，且钎焊强度高。
进一步，所述空心管上设有气孔。通过气孔，一方面可对空心管抽真空和充入保护气体、还原气体，保证空心管的内腔处于无氧环境下，然后充入还原气体，保证空心管不被氧化，进而保证空心管的强度和质量。
进一步，所述空心管的内腔和/或相邻的空心管之间设有保温材料。这样，能够起到保温、隔音和隔振的效果。
保温材料可以是烧结颗粒、木屑、无机棉、发泡材料、气凝胶的一种或多种组合。保温材料可加工成块状、板状、片状或条状等，发泡材料可以是聚氨酯原液或酚醛树脂原液等。
当然，本发明不限于上述保温材料，还可以是其它起保温效果的材料。
进一步，所述若干个空心管之间间隔排列或紧密排列。
进一步，所述一面板为曲面板，第二面板为平面板时，空心管与曲面板连接的那一端为一斜面，斜面与曲面板的接触面平行。这样，能够增强空心管与面板之间的连接强度，避免出现空心管的多个位置没有焊到、或者产生缝隙或空洞等。
进一步，所述钎焊层所用钎料冲孔翻边，使得空心管套在钎焊层的翻边上定位；或者钎料冲孔翻边，且钎料沿孔的边缘向外延伸有限位凸起；或者钎料冲孔翻边，且钎料沿孔的边缘向外延伸有限位凸起，孔与孔之间通过钎料连接筋相连。这样，就能防止空心管在钎焊过程中移位，大大提高空心管位置的准确度。限位凸起的形状可以是弧形、多边形或不规则形状等任意结构，只要能将空心管卡住即可。另外，孔与孔之间通过钎料连接筋相连，即当孔通过翻边套设在空心管上时，钎焊层在非空心管处镂空，这样，能够防止过多的钎料在加热过程中堆积而导致钎焊不均匀，大大提高钎焊质量。
综上所述，本发明的曲面夹芯金属板具有重量轻、强度高，耐温高、耐腐蚀、保温好等优异性能，其空腔结构同时具有隔振降噪的作用。
本发明的曲面夹芯金属板具有以下用途：
（1）可用在交通运输行业：
a.可作为汽车、轮船、飞机、火车、高速列车等交通运输工具的车身面板、骨架及其他附件板材构件，具有重量轻、强度高，耐温高、耐腐蚀等优异性能；
b.可多块曲面夹芯金属板拼接形成通道等开口或封闭的弧形构件，用在隧道、地下通道、涵洞、地铁通道等；
c.可作为集装箱的箱体结构，重量（约1.4吨）是普通集装箱的1/3(标准的40尺柜自重约4.1吨)，减轻运输重量，降低运输成本。提高车辆、船舶等的的运输能力；
d.可作为铁路的路基、道床等要求隔振减噪的区域，及路基的防冻隔离层等；
e.可作为飞机跑道的路基、防冻隔离层，可以实现快速铺设；
（2）可多块曲面夹芯金属板拼接形成管道，如真空管道或其他大型工业用管道等；
（3）可作为设备的曲面外壳；
（4）可作为一种建筑材料，可用作屋面、外墙、雨棚、装饰造型等；可多块结合形成圆柱等；
（5）可用作桥结构，例如带有曲面形状的桥梁、高架桥、人行天桥、飞机登机桥等，可以是桥面、台阶、护栏、支撑体等；
（6）可用作箱包，如工具箱、行李箱、置物箱等的曲面箱体。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的立体结构示意图；
图2是图1所示实施例1的侧视图；
图3是图1所示实施例1空心管的结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例2的结构示意图；
图5是本发明实施例3的结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例4的结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例5的结构示意图；
图8是本发明实施例6的结构示意图；
图9是本发明实施例9的结构示意图；
图10是本发明实施例10的结构示意图；
图11是本发明实施例13的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例1
如图1~图3所示：一种曲面夹芯金属板，包括第一面板1、第二面板2和设于第一面板1、第二面板2之间的若干个空心管3-1；第一面板1、第二面板2与空心管3-1之间设有钎焊层；第一面板和第二面板均为曲面板，曲面板的线型为弧形，若干个空心管之间间隔排列，每个空心管3-1的轴线与面板相对应的弧形的切线相垂直，这样，能够增强空心管与面板之间的连接强度，避免出现空心管的多个位置没有焊到、或者产生缝隙或空洞等，导致钎焊不均匀，本方案能够大大提高整体的强度和质量。
空心管3-1为截面形状为圆形，且为中空结构。空心管3-1的上下两端均设有翻边4-1，翻边4-1为沿空心管3-1的口径端部向外翻出的圆形边缘。
第一面板1、第二面板2和空心管3-1均为不锈钢材质。钎焊层采用铜钎焊料。铜钎焊料直接铺设于面板与空心管之间。
第一面板1与第二面板2的曲面结构相同，即第一面板1与第二面板2的弧度相同，其圆心角为45°。若干个空心管3-1排列成长方形。第一面板1与第二面板2之间平行设置。
第一面板1、第二面板2和空心管3-1的厚度均较薄，如第一面板、第二面板的厚度为3mm，空心管的壁厚为0.5mm。可以理解的是，本实施例各面板、空心管的厚度不影响本发明的保护范围，本发明的厚度可任意选择。
空心管3上设有气孔5，气孔5设置于距空心管3-1顶部10mm处。可通过气孔5充入发泡材料，如聚氨酯原液，在空心管内发泡成泡沫聚氨酯；此外，空心管内还可以提前设有发泡无机颗粒，一方面便于充入聚氨酯原液时能够快速发泡，另一方面，能够提高保温效果。
另外，气孔5还有以下作用：在工作过程中，将夹芯板材置于钎焊炉内后，先对炉体抽真空，抽真空后，通过气孔充入保护气体，充到一定量时，确保氧气含量很低，这样再充入氢气后就不会爆炸；氧含量低的情况下，再持续不断地充入氢气，来还原不锈钢空心管的氧化层。钎焊过程中，气体可通过气孔排出。
实施例2
如图4所示：与实施例1的区别在于，即第一面板1与第二面板2的弧度相同，其圆心角为75°，形成拱形状。
第一面板1与第二面板2的材质为碳钢，空心管3-1的材质为不锈钢。
第一面板1和第二面板2的两端边缘设有边框6，边框6采用不锈钢材质，边框6通过钎焊与第一面板1、第二面板2连接成一体。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例3
如图5所示：与实施例1的区别在于，第一面板1与第二面板2的弧度不同，即圆心角不同。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例4
如图6所示：与实施例1的区别在于，第一面板1与第二面板2对称设置，第一面板1外凸，第二面板2内凹。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例5
如图7所示：与实施例1的区别在于，第一面板1和第二面板2均为曲面板，曲面板的线型为波浪形，每个空心管3-1的轴线与面板相对应的波浪形的切线相垂直。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例6
如图8所示：与实施例1的区别在于，第一面板1为曲面板，第二面板2为平面板，空心管3-2与曲面板连接的那一端设计成与曲面板的接触面平行或近似平行，空心管3-2的上下两端均设有翻边，翻边与曲面板的接触面平行或近似平行，使得空心管与曲面板之间能够焊接牢固，避免出现空心管的多个位置没有焊到、或者产生缝隙或空洞等，大大提高整体的强度和质量。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例7
在实施例1的基础之上，各个空心管的排列间隙中填充有无机棉，如岩棉。岩棉呈块状，其尺寸与空心管之间的间隙相适配，使得每一块岩棉都刚好塞到空心管的间隙中紧固。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例8
与实施例1的区别在于，空心管的上部和下部均设有气孔，即上气孔和下气孔，通过上气孔或下气孔向空心管内充入气凝胶。还可通过上气孔或下气孔充入保护气体或还原气体。
钎料为铝钎焊料。第一面板和第二面板为碳板，空心管的材质为碳钢。
其他结构同实施例1。
实施例9
如图9所示：与实施例1的区别在于，空心管3-1的上下两端均设有4-2，翻边4-2包括两个对称设置在空心管上的半圆形结构，空心管的翻边4-2与第一面板、第二面板钎焊相接。钎焊层采用锡钎焊料。
其它结构同实施例1。
实施例10
如图10所示：与实施例1的区别在于，空心管3-3的截面形状为正方形，空心管3-3的上下两端均设有翻边4-3，翻边4-3包括两个对称设置在空心管上的折角结构，空心管的翻边4-3与第一面板、第二面板钎焊相接。钎焊层采用铝钎焊料。相邻空心管之间紧密连接，即空心管的翻边4-3的折角处与另一个空心管的翻边折角处钎焊或通过其他焊接方式连接；空心管3-3的翻边4-3与面板之间钎焊连接。
其它结构同实施例1。
实施例11
与实施例1的区别在于，空心管为封闭式空心管，空心管的上下两端封闭。空心管的轴线与面板相对应的曲面切线相垂直。空心管的上下两端与第一面板、第二面板钎焊相接，无需设置翻边。钎焊层采用钛合金钎焊料。
其它结构同实施例1。
实施例12
与实施例1的区别在于，空心管为角型的封闭式空心管，即类似于角钢结构。空心管的轴线与面板相对应的曲面切线相垂直。空心管的上下两端与第一面板、第二面板钎焊相接。
实施例13
如图11所示：与实施例6的区别在于，本实施例中，空心管3-1的翻边4-1与第一面板、第二面板2通过铜钎焊料7钎焊相接，铜钎焊料7冲孔翻边，使得空心管3-1套在铜钎焊料7的翻边上定位，这样就能够将空心管3-1牢固定位在面板之间，不易产生松动，能够提高整体结构的承力能力。
铜钎焊料7在非空心管处设有镂空8，镂空8的设计一方面节省钎料，降低成本；另一方面，能够防止过多的铜钎焊料在加热过程中堆积，从而导致钎焊不均匀，大大提高钎焊质量。
其它结构同实施例6。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其同等技术的范围之内，则本发明也包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (11)

1.一种曲面夹芯金属板，包括第一面板、第二面板和设于第一面板、第二面板之间的若干个空心管；所述第一面板、第二面板与空心管之间设有钎焊层；其特征在于，所述第一面板和/或第二面板为曲面板，所述空心管的轴线与第一面板和/或第二面板的曲面切线相垂直。
2.根据权利要求1所述的曲面夹芯金属板，其特征在于，所述空心管为封闭式结构、中空结构或半封闭结构。
3.根据权利要求2所述的曲面夹芯金属板，其特征在于，所述空心管的截面形状为圆形、椭圆形或N边形，N≥3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的曲面夹芯金属板，其特征在于，所述空心管的至少一端设有翻边；所述若干个空心管均为带翻边的空心管；或者所述若干个空心管中包括带翻边的空心管和未设置翻边的空心管。
5.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的曲面夹芯金属板，其特征在于，所述第一面板和/或第二面板的材质为不锈钢、碳钢、钛或合金板；或者所述空心管的材质为不锈钢、碳钢、钛或合金板。
6.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的曲面夹芯金属板，其特征在于，所述第一面板和第二面板均为曲面板；或者一面板为曲面板，另一面板为平面板；或者第一面板和/或第二面板带转角。
7.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的曲面夹芯金属板，其特征在于，所述钎焊层采用铜、铝、锡或合金钎焊料。
8.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的曲面夹芯金属板，其特征在于，所述空心管上设有气孔。
9.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的曲面夹芯金属板，其特征在于，所述空心管的内腔和/或相邻的空心管之间设有保温材料。
10.根据权利要求6所述的曲面夹芯金属板，其特征在于，所述一面板为曲面板，第二面板为平面板时，空心管与曲面板连接的那一端为一斜面，斜面与曲面板的接触面平行。
11.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的曲面夹芯金属板，其特征在于，所述钎焊层所用钎料冲孔翻边，使得空心管套在钎焊层的翻边上定位；或者钎料冲孔翻边，且钎料沿孔的边缘向外延伸有限位凸起；或者钎料冲孔翻边，且钎料沿孔的边缘向外延伸有限位凸起，孔与孔之间通过钎料连接筋相连。
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