CN108698520A - 无线电能传输系统中使用步进频率的雷达运动检测 - Google Patents

无线电能传输系统中使用步进频率的雷达运动检测 Download PDF

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CN108698520A
CN108698520A CN201680082802.9A CN201680082802A CN108698520A CN 108698520 A CN108698520 A CN 108698520A CN 201680082802 A CN201680082802 A CN 201680082802A CN 108698520 A CN108698520 A CN 108698520A
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迈克尔·A·利布曼
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Energous Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00026—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission involving a local wireless network, e.g. Wi-Fi, ZigBee or Bluetooth
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S13/10—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves
    • G01S13/26—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave
    • G01S13/28—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave with time compression of received pulses
    • G01S13/282—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave with time compression of received pulses using a frequency modulated carrier wave
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/003—Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations
    • G01S7/006—Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations using shared front-end circuitry, e.g. antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/60—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)

Abstract

本文中所公开的实施例可以包括接收机，该接收机被配置成确定与一个或多个对象相关联的位置。接收机向被配置成发送无线功率波的发射机传送与一个或多个对象相关联的位置数据。然后，接收机接收由发射机的天线发射的具有一个或多个特征的无线功率波，其中所述一个或多个特征由发射机的处理器基于位置数据来限定。

Description

无线电能传输系统中使用步进频率的雷达运动检测
技术领域
本申请总体上涉及无线充电系统以及在这种系统中使用的硬件组件和软件组件。
背景技术
已经进行了各种尝试来向电子设备无线地传送能量，在该电子设备中，接收机会消耗该传输能量并将其转换成电能。然而，大多数常规技术无法在任何有意义的距离上传送能量。例如，磁共振为设备提供电力而不需要将电子设备有线地连接到功率谐振器。然而，需要将电子设备靠近功率谐振器的线圈(即，在磁场内)设置。其他的常规方案可能没有考虑给他们的移动设备充电的用户的用户移动性或者这些方案不允许设备位于具备可操作性的狭窄窗户外侧。
对远程电子设备无线供电需要用于识别电子设备处于电能传输设备的传输场内的位置的装置。常规的系统通常尝试就近设置电子设备，因此没有用于识别并映射可用设备的频谱以例如在大的咖啡店、仓库、办公楼或电气设备能够潜在地到处移动的其他三维空间中充电的能力。而且，出于方向性目的和电能输出调制两者考虑，需要一种用于管理功率波产生的系统。因为许多常规系统未考虑它们服务的电子设备的大范围移动，所以还需要一种用于动态且准确地追踪可由电能传输设备服务的电子设备的装置。
无线电能传输可能需要满足某些规定要求。发射无线电能的设备可能需要遵从针对人类或其他生物的电磁场(EMF)暴露防护标准。美国标准和欧洲标准根据功率密度限制和电场限制(以及磁场限制)定义了最大暴露限制。这些限制中的一些是由美国联邦通信委员会(FCC)针对最大可容许暴露量(MPE)而建立的，而一些限制是由欧洲监委会针对辐照暴露量而建立的。FCC建立的针对MPE的限制被编纂成47CFR§1.1310。对微波范围内的电磁场(EMF)频率而言，功率密度可以用来表示暴露强度。功率密度被定义为每单位面积的功率。例如，功率密度通常可以由以下来表达：每平方米的瓦特数(W/m2)、每平方厘米的毫瓦数(mW/cm2)或每平方厘米的微瓦数(IIW/cm2)。
因此，期望适当地管理用于无线电能传输的系统及方法以满足上述规定要求。需要一种用于无线电能传输的装置，该装置包含各种安全技术以确保在传输场内的人或其他生物不暴露在接近或高于规章限制或其他标称限制的EMF能量下。
发明内容
本文中所公开的系统及方法旨在解决现有技术中的缺点且这些系统及方法也可以提供附加的或替选的优点。本文中所公开的实施例可以生成并传送功率波，所述功率波由于适当地选择它们的物理波形特征(例如频率、振幅、相位、增益、方向)而在传输场中的预定位置处汇聚，以生成能量袋。与通过无线充电系统供电的电子设备相关联的接收机可以从这些能量袋中提取能量，然后将该能量转换成对与接收机相关联的电子设备可用的电力。能量袋可以表现为发射机设备的传输场内的三维物理空间区域，在该三维物理空间区域中，能量可以被定位在能量袋内或附近的接收机获取。可以采用用于识别传输场中的区域的技术来确定能量袋应在何处被形成以及功率波应在何处被传送。在一示例中，这种技术可能使得由接收机确定靠近该接收机的一个或多个对象，以使发射机获知不应该在何处传送功率波而替代地形成零空间。在又一示例中，传感器可以生成可识别功率波应该避开的一个或多个对象的传感器数据。相比较由接收机生成的、与一个或多个对象相关的位置数据而言，该传感器数据可以是附加或替选形式的数据，其也可以存储在映射存储器中用于以后参考或计算。
在一些实施例中，无线电能传输方法包括：接收机基于一个或多个对象检测信号来生成与一个或多个对象相关联的位置数据，所述一个或多个对象检测信号是从所述一个或多个对象反射的并指示每个相应对象关于接收机的位置；接收机将包括所述位置数据的一个或多个通信信号传送至发射机；以及接收机从发射机的一个或多个天线接收具有一个或多个波形特征的一个或多个功率波，其中，所述一个或多个波形特征是基于针对每个相应对象生成的位置数据的。
在一些实施例中，无线电能传输方法包括：接收机的第一天线发射多个输出对象检测信号，每个相应的输出对象检测信号具有相对于前一输出对象检测信号连续步进的频率；接收机的第二天线接收从一个或多个对象反射的一个或多个输入对象检测信号，并且，至少一个输入对象检测信号是从对象反射的，并且其中，所述至少一个输入对象检测信号指示所述对象关于接收机的位置；接收机的处理器基于所述一个或多个输入对象检测信号来生成与所述一个或多个对象中的每个相应对象相关联的位置数据；接收机的通信部件向发射机传送包括与一个或多个对象中的每个相应对象相关联的位置数据的一个或多个通信信号；以及接收机的第三天线从发射机接收具有一个或多个特征的一个或多个功率波，并且，所述一个或多个特征是基于与一个或多个对象中的相应对象相关联的位置数据的。
在一些实施例中，无线电能传输系统中的接收机包括：第一天线，其被配置成发射多个输出检测信号，每个输出检测信号具有连续步进的频率；第二天线，其被配置成接收从一个或多个对象反射的多个输入检测信号，一个或多个检测信号是从对象反射的；处理器，其被配置成基于从相应对象反射的一个或多个输入检测信号来生成与所述一个或多个对象中的相应对象相关联的位置数据，相应对象的位置数据指示所述相应对象关于接收机的位置；通信部件，其被配置成向发射机传送包括与一个或多个对象中的每个相应对象相关联的位置数据的通信信号；以及第三天线，其被配置成从发射机接收具有一个或多个特征的一个或多个功率波，所述一个或多个特征基于与所述一个或多个对象中相关联的位置数据使得所述一个或多个功率波在靠近接收机的位置处汇聚。
需要理解的是，以上的概括描述以及以下的详细描述是示例性和说明性的，并且意在提供对所要求保护的本发明的进一步解释。
附图说明
附图构成该说明书的一部分并解释了本发明的实施例。通过参照下面的附图，本公开可以得到更好地理解。附图中的部件不一定按比例绘制，而是将重点放在示出本公开的原理上。
图1A示出了根据示例性实施例的无线电能传输系统的部件。
图1B示出了根据示例性实施例的无线电能传输系统的接收机的部件。
图2示出了根据示例性实施例的在无线电能传输系统中传送功率波的方法。
图3示出了根据示例性实施例的在无线电能传输系统中传送功率波的方法。
具体实施方式
现将参照附图中示出的示例性实施例，并且本申请将使用特定的词语来描述该示例性实施例。应该理解的是，这并不意图通过对这些示例性实施例的说明来限制本发明的范围。为相关技术领域且拥有本公开的技术人员进行的、对实施创造性特征的原理的示例性实施例和附加应用的变化和进一步修改应该被视为在本公开的范围内。
图1A示出了示例性无线电能传输系统100的部件。示例性系统100可以包括发射机102、外部映射存储器104、接收机106以及待充电的电子设备107。发射机102可以将各种类型的波(诸如通信信号108和功率波110)发送至传输场中，该传输场可以是二维空间或三维空间，发射机102可以传送功率波110至该二维空间或三维空间中。
发射机102可以传送可被接收机106捕获的功率波110，该接收机106被配置成将来自功率波110的能量转换成用于与接收机106相关联的电子设备107的电能。接收机106可以包括可将所捕获的功率波110转换成对与接收机106相关联的电子设备107的可用电能源的电路。在一些实施例中，发射机102可以通过基于相对于接收机106和/或发射机102的、与一个或多个对象(诸如人119)相关的位置来控制功率波110的特征(例如，相位、增益、方向、频率)而将功率波110智能地传送到发射机102的传输场中。在一些实现方式中，发射机102可以控制功率波110的特征，使得功率波110的轨迹引起功率波110在传输场(例如3D位置或空间中的区域)内的预定位置处汇聚，而导致产生相长干涉或相消干涉。
各发射机102可以包括以下各项或与以下各项相关联：一个或多个相应的发射机处理器(未示出)、相应的通信部件112以及相应的天线阵列114。
一个或多个发射机处理器可以控制、管理以及以其他方式来操控发射机102的各种过程、功能和部件。一个或多个发射机处理器可以被配置成处理并传递各种类型的数据(例如，与接收机106相关的位置数据、与诸如人119之类的一个或多个对象相关的位置数据)。附加地或替选地，发射机102的发射机处理器可以管理对发射机102的各种过程和功能的执行，并且可以管理发射机102的部件。例如，一个或多个发射机处理器可以确定通信部件112可以广播信标信号的间隔以识别可能存在于传输场内的接收机106。
通信部件112可以实现与系统100的接收机106的有线通信和/或无线通信。在一些情况中，通信部件112可以是发射机102的嵌入式部件；而在一些情况中，通信部件112可以通过任何无线或有线通信媒介附接至发射机102。通信部件112可以包括机电部件(例如处理器、天线)，其使得通信部件112能够经由通信信号108与一个或多个接收机106传递各种类型的数据。在一些实现方式中，通信信号108可以表示用于驻存独立于功率波的通信的不同信道。可以基于预先确定的有线协议或无线协议及相关的硬件和软件技术使用通信信号108来传递数据。通信部件112可以基于任何数量的通信协议来操作，诸如无线保真(Wi-Fi)、近场通信(NFC)、ZigBee等。
包括在通信信号108内的数据例如可以包括与一个或多个对象(诸如人119)相关联的位置数据，该位置数据是由接收机106接收到的，并且可以被一个或多个发射机处理器用于确定发射机102可以如何传送安全且有效的功率波110。在一些实施例中，发射机102可以发射用于生成能量袋118的安全且有效的功率波110，接收机106可以从该能量袋118中捕获能量并将该能量转换成可用的交流(AC)电或直流(DC)电。使用通信信号108，发射机102可以传递可以用于以下操作的数据：例如识别传输场内的接收机106、确定电子设备107或用户是否是被授权接收来自系统100的无线充电服务、确定功率波110的安全且有效的波形特征、精确确定能量袋118的位置等其他可行的功能。作为示例，发射机102的通信部件112可以传递(例如发射和接收)包含各种类型信息的不同类型的数据。这些信息的非限制性示例可以包括：信标消息、发射机标识符(TX ID)、用于电子设备107的设备标识符(设备ID)、用户标识符(用户ID)、设备107的电池电量、接收机106在传输场中的位置、对象120在传输场中的位置以及其他这类信息。
类似地，接收机106的通信部件(图1B中所示)可以使用通信信号108来传递可以用于执行以下操作的数据：例如，警告发射机102接收机106已进入或即将进入传输场、提供所生成的与一个或多个敏感对象(诸如人119)相关联的位置数据、提供有关正在通过接收机103充电的电子设备107的信息、指示功率波110的有效性以及提供发射机102的可以用来调整功率波110的所更新的传输参数及其他类型的有用数据。
在一些实施例中，发射机102的可以是一组一个或多个天线的天线阵列114被配置成发射功率波110。在一些实施例中，天线阵列114可以包括一个或多个天线，所述一个或多个天线可以是可配置的“片”，该片包括天线和零个或多个集成电路，所述零个或多个集成电路控制天线的例如生成具有预定特征(例如振幅、频率、轨迹、相位)的功率波之类的行为。天线阵列114中的天线可以发射具有预定特征的一系列功率波110，使得一系列功率波110到达传输场内的给定位置处，并表现出那些特征。总之，天线阵列114中的天线可以传送在给定位置(通常为检测到接收机106的地方)处相交并且由于其相应的特征而形成能量袋118的功率波110，接收机106可以从该能量袋118中收集能量并生成可用的电力。应该理解的是，尽管示例性系统100描述了基于射频的功率波110，但是也可以使用附加的或替选的传输天线或元件和/或基于波(例如超声波、红外波、电磁共振)的技术来将来自发射机102的功率波无线传送至接收机196。
发射机102可以使用与传输场中的接收机106和诸如人119之类的对象的位置数据对应的数据来确定天线阵列114应该如何传送功率波110以及将功率波110传送到哪里。接收机106和诸如人119之类的对象的位置数据可以为每个相应的发射机102指示应该在何处传送功率波以及应该在何处形成能量袋118，并且在一些情况中，指示不应该在何处传送功率波110。可以由与相应发射机102相关联的处理器来解译位置数据，根据该位置数据，相应发射机102可以确定天线阵列114中的一个或多个天线应该如何形成并发射功率波110。当确定了应该如何形成功率波时，相应发射机102确定待从天线阵列114的相应天线中的每一个发射的功率波110中的每一个的波形特征。针对功率波110的波形特征的非限制性示例可以包括：振幅、相位、增益、频率、方向等。
在一示例中，为了在特定位置处生成能量袋118，相应发射机102从天线阵列114中识别用于发送功率波110以向特定位置发射电力的一个或多个天线的子集，然后发射机102生成功率波110以使得从该子集中的每个天线发射的功率波110具有大不相同的特征(例如相位、频率、振幅)。在该示例中，发射机102的波形生成集成电路(未示出)可以形成功率波110的延迟版本的相控阵列，对该功率波110的延迟版本施加不同的振幅，然后从适当的天线发射功率波110。在另一示例中，为了在对象119的特定位置处生成零空间，发射机102从天线阵列114中识别天线子集并发送功率波110，该功率波110在对象119的位置处汇聚而使得它们各自的波形特征互相相消地干涉(波形互相抵消)，从而减小集中在对象119的位置处的能量的量。
虽然本文中所描述的示例性实施例提到使用基于RF的波传输技术，但是应该理解的是，可使用的无线充电技术不限于这样的基于RF的技术和方法。相反，应该理解的是，存在附加或替选的无线充电技术，其可以包括用于向接收机无线地发射能量、能够将所发射的能量转换成电力的任意数量的技术和方法。针对可以被接收设备转换成电力的能量的非限制示例性传输技术可以包括：超声波、微波、激光、红外或其他形式的电磁能量。
在一些实施例中，发射机102的控制系统遵从针对人类对象的电磁场(EMF)暴露防护标准。由美国标准和欧洲标准根据功率密度限制和电场限制(以及磁场限制)定义了最大暴露限制。这些限制例如包括由联邦通信委员会(FCC)针对MPE而建立的限制，以及由欧洲监委会针对辐照暴露而建立的限制。由FCC针对MPE建立的限制被编纂成47CFR§1.1310。对微波范围内的电磁场(EMF)频率而言，功率密度可以用来表示暴露强度。功率密度被定义为每单位面积的功率。例如，功率密度通常可以由以下来表达：每平方米的瓦特数(W/m2)、每平方厘米的毫瓦数(mW/cm2)或每平方厘米的微瓦数(μW/cm2)。
在一些实施例中，用于无线电能传输的本系统100及方法包括各种安全技术，以确保位于传输场中或附近的人类居住者(human occupants)不暴露于接近或超过规定限制或其他标称限制的EMF能量下。一种安全方法是包括超出标称限制的误差裕度(例如约10％至20％)，以使得人类对象不暴露于在EMF暴露限制处或附近的电能等级下。第二种安全方法可以提供分级保护措施，诸如在人(以及在一些实施例中，其他生物或敏感对象)向具有超过EMF暴露限制的功率密度水平的能量袋运动的情况下减小或终止无线电能传输。
图1B示出无线电能传输系统100的接收机106的部件，该无线电能传输系统识别人类对象以确定人类居住者未暴露于接近或高于规定限制或其他标称限制的功率波下。现将结合图1A来描述图1B。接收机106可以用来对相关联的电子设备供电或充电，该相关联的电子设备可以是耦接到接收机106或集成在接收机106中的电子设备107。在实施例中，接收机106可以包括壳体。壳体可以由允许对象检测信号、通信信号或功率波传送和/或接收的任何材料制成。壳体可以包括各种类型的天线120、处理器122、信号发生器124、通信部件126和存储器128。
天线120可以包括一个或多个对象检测天线。对象检测天线可以发射多个输出对象检测信号，然后接收一个或多个输入对象检测信号。在一些实现方式中，天线120可以包括被配置成发射输出对象检测信号的一组一个或多个对象检测天线，以及被配置成接收输入对象检测信号的分离的另一组对象检测天线。天线120还可以包括被配置成接收来自发射机的一个或多个功率波的一组功率天线。还有其他天线可以被配置成接收数据或通信信号和/或波。可以将用于发送和接收对象检测信号的天线、用于接收功率波的天线以及用于发送和接收通信信号的天线调整为相同频率或不同频率。
接收机106可以包括多个PCB层，所述多个PCB层可以包括发射及接收用来确定一个或多个对象(诸如人类119)的位置的对象检测信号的所有天线120。PCB可以是单面、双面和/或多层。PCB层可以被连接到处理器122和/或专用的微处理器。
在一些实现方式中，接收机106包括多个PCB层，所述多个PCB层可以包括用于检测从诸如人119之类的对象反射的信号的天线120。此外，可以由接收机106通过包括更高密度的天线来增大对象检测信号的范围。PCB层可以被连接到处理器122和/或用于每个天线的专用微控制器。
接收机106可以包括信号发生器124、数模(D/A)转换器、功率放大器和一个或多个滤波器。接收机106的信号发射器124可以被配置成生成各种类型的对象检测信号，诸如音调波(tones waves)、啁啾信号、正弦波等。在一些实现方式中，在对象检测信号是音调波的情况下，这种音调波可能需要最小的滤波且是未被调制的。在一些实施例中，天线120中的对象检测天线可以以给定频率(F1)发射各个音调波。在一些实施例中，在预定义的时延(T1)之后，对象检测天线以第二频率(F2)发射各个音调波。在一些实施例中，信号发生器124继续以预定义的带宽(F1：Fn)改变每个音调波的频率，使得从对象检测天线发射的每个音调波具有基于前一音调波步进上升的频率。在另一实施例中，从对象检测天线发射的每个音调波具有基于前一音调波步进下降的频率。在又一实施例中，从对象检测天线发射的音调波中的每一个可以以随机频率生成。这些音调波被从一个或多个对象反射回。然后，对象检测天线可以接收从一个或多个对象反射的对象检测信号。然后，处理器122通过在接收机106的一个或多个对象检测天线处确定发射对象检测信号和接收从相应对象反射的对象检测信号之间的延迟时间来生成每个相应对象的位置数据。基于对象在空间方向上关于接收机的角位置，从对象接收到的反射的对象检测信号中的每一个当在一个或多个对象检测天线处接收到时具有彼此不同的相位。这使得处理器122能够确定与对象相关联的位置数据。
信号发射器124可以产生具有可以随机地、递增地或以某些预定间隔增加或减小的频率和振幅的非连续对象检测信号。在一示例中，非连续对象检测信号可以是啁啾信号。当产生啁啾波信号时，啁啾信号的频率可以随时间线性地改变，并且因此扫描频带(F1：Fn)而不会在一个特定频率中产生集中的能量，这可能是不希望的。在一些实施例中，啁啾信号还是频率调制脉冲或信号，其中调制频率通常在等于脉冲宽度的有限时间内从初始频率开始线性增加，例如，从57GHz到66GHz，在例如10微秒的脉冲宽度上提供9GHz带宽，以及调制中间中心频率。在传输天线进行发射之前，该调制信号可以递增并混合为更高的信号载波，例如50GHz到100GHz。
在一实施例中，可以通过各种其他的硬件装置生成啁啾信号。产生啁啾信号的方法之一可以包括一组集总电路元件。例如，该组集总电路元件可以包括生成相应的一组交错延迟信号的一组电路，该组交错延迟信号加到一起并提供啁啾信号。产生啁啾信号的另一种方法可以包括经受高脉冲信号而产生线性频率调制啁啾信号的金属化晶体器件。在产生啁啾信号的方法的又一示例中，可以采用DDS系统。生成啁啾信号的DDS方法通常采用存储有正弦值的程序存储器，该正弦值通常被馈送到D/A转换器中，使得当数字值以递增的速度循环进入D/A转换器一定脉冲宽度时间时，模拟转换器通过该脉冲宽度产生啁啾信号。
啁啾信号可以被生成为线性啁啾信号和非线性啁啾信号。非线性啁啾信号可以选自包括以下各信号的分组：指数的、对数的以及任意公式化的啁啾信号。通过信号发生器124生成的啁啾信号的输出频率可以是预定义的并存储在存储器128中。通过信号发生器124生成的啁啾信号的输出频率可以由处理器122定义。信号发生器124可以产生针对多个传输天线的的多个啁啾信号，在所述多个传输天线中，啁啾信号中的每一个具有唯一的输出频率和振幅。一些频率或振幅可以是相同的。信号发生器124还可以被配置成增大或减小频率并相对于时间和距离的变化来调整所发射的啁啾信号的振幅。在一示例中，通过传输天线发射的啁啾信号的频率可以在每秒1次到1000次之间随机地改变(增大或减小)。频率可以在每个第N秒增大，然后该频率在每个第N+2秒减小。
接收机天线可以接收从一个或多个对象中的对象反射的对象检测信号。在一些实施例中，处理器122然后通过确定发射对象检测信号和接收从该对象反射的对象检测信号之间的延迟时间来生成相应对象的位置数据。功率天线可以接收源自发射机的功率波110。功率天线可以接收通过发射机102产生并直接发射的功率波110，或者功率天线可以从一个或多个能量袋118中获取功率波110，能量袋118可以是在空间中由一个或多个发射机102产生的多个功率波的汇聚而产生的三维场。在接收到功率波110和/或从能量袋118收集到能量之后，接收机106的电路(例如，集成电路、放大器、整流器、电压调节器)然后可以将功率波110的能量(例如射频电磁辐射)转换成可存储在电池中或被接收机106可嵌入其中的电子设备107使用的电能(即电)。在一些情况中，例如，接收机106的整流器可以将电能从交流(AC)形式转换成可被电子设备107使用的直流(DC)形式。除了从AC到DC的转换之外或者作为其替代，也可以应用其他类型的调节。例如，电压调节电路可以增大或减小电子设备107所需的电能的电压。然后，继电器可以将电能从接收机106传送到电子设备107。
接收机106可以包括处理器122(或微处理器)或与处理器122相关联。处理器122可以控制、管理以及以其他方式来操控接收机106的各种过程、功能和部件。在一些实施例中，处理器122实施一种系统来控制接收机106的操作。处理器122可以是包括以下各项的集成电路：逻辑门、电路和可操作为执行如本文中所述的用于控制接收机106的行为的各种过程和任务的接口。处理器122可以包括或实施现有技术中已知的多种处理器技术；处理器的非限制性示例包括但不限于x86处理器、ARM处理器、精简指令集计算机(RISC)处理器、专用集成电路(ASIC)处理器或复杂指令计算机(CISC)处理器等。处理器122还可以包括图形处理器(GPU)，该图形处理器执行一组指令来进行与处理各种形式的图形数据(诸如从视觉相机或热像仪接收到的数据)相关的一个或多个处理操作，或者产生使用户能够配置并管理接收机106的操作的图形用户界面(GUI)。
处理器106可以被配置成处理并传递各种类型的数据(例如与诸如对象119之类的一个或多个对象相关联的位置数据)。附加地或替选地，处理器106可以管理对接收机106的各种过程和功能的执行，并可以管理接收机106的部件。在一示例中，处理器122可以处理由一个或多个对象反射的对象检测信号，以在人类进入距接收机106预定义的距离内、和/或进入发射机102的相应传输场内时识别人类对象的位置。在另一示例中，处理器122可以获得并处理由传感器(未示出)捕获的一个或多个对象的传感器数据，以识别可以进入距接收机106预定义的距离内和/或可以留在发射机102的传输场中的人类对象。
接收机106的通信部件126可以通过由接收机106的通信部件126和/或发射机102的通信部件112生成的通信信号来实时地或近实时地实现与无线电能传输系统的发射机102的通信部件112的有线和/或无线通信。在一实施例中，通信部件126可以是接收机106的嵌入式部件；在另一实施例中，通信部件126可以通过无线或有线通信媒介附接至接收机106。在一些实施例中，接收机106的通信部件126可以包括机电部件(例如处理器)，该机电部件使得接收机106的通信部件126能够与无线电能传输系统100的一个或多个发射机102和/或接收机106的其他部件传递各种类型的数据(诸如与一个或多个对象相关的位置数据)。可以基于预先确定的有线协议或无线协议及相关的硬件和软件技术使用通信信号来传递数据。接收机106的通信部件126可以基于任何数量的通信协议来操作，所述通信协议为例如无线保真(Wi-Fi)、近场通信(NFC)、ZigBee等。然而，应该理解的是，接收机106的通信部件126不限于基于射频的技术，也可以包括雷达、红外波或其他类型的波。
包括在由接收机106的通信部件126生成的通信信号内的数据还可以包括设备状态数据，该设备状态数据例如为接收机106的状态信息、接收机106可以嵌入其中的电子设备107的状态信息、正从发射机102接收的功率波110的状态信息和/或能量袋118的状态信息。接收机还可以向发射机102提供由通信部件126生成的通信信号中的数据，该数据关于接收机106的存在位置、与一个或多个对象119相关联的位置数据、接收机106接收到的电荷的量、电子设备107所使用的电荷的量以及特定的用户账户信息等其他类型的信息。
可以由发射机102使用在由接收机106的通信部件126生成并被传送至发射机102的通信信号内所包括的数据来确定发射机102可以如何发射生成能量袋的安全且有效的功率波，接收机100可以从该能量袋中捕获能量并将其转换成可用的交流电或直流电。在一实施例中，使用通信信号，接收机100可以传递例如可用来执行以下操作的数据：识别传输场内的一个或多个对象的位置、确定功率波的安全且有效的波形特征、以及精确确定能量袋的位置等其他可行的功能。
在一些实施例中，存储器128是用于存储待由处理器122使用的数据和指令的非易失性存储设备。在一些实施例中，存储器128采用磁盘驱动器、光盘驱动器、固态设备或网络存储附接件来实现。存储器128可以包括一个或多个存储设备，以便于存储和操控程序代码、指令集、任务、包括接收机和电子设备的配置文件的预存储的数据等。存储器128的非限制性示例可以包括但不限于随机访问存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、硬盘驱动器(HDD)、安全数字(SD)卡、磁阻读/写存储器、光学读/写存储器、高速缓冲存储器或磁读/写存储器。此外，存储器128包括可由处理器122执行以进行具体操作的一个或多个指令。用于处理器122的支持电路包括传统的高速缓存、电源、时钟电路、数据寄存器、I/O接口等。I/O接口可以直接或通过处理器122耦接到存储器128。
在一些实施例中，接收机106可以与还可包括一个或多个映射存储器的存储器128相关联，所述一个或多个映射存储器可以是被配置成存储位置数据的非暂时性机器可读存储介质，该位置数据可以是描述一个或多个对象进入接收机106的预定义的距离和/或和与发射机102相关联的传输场内时一个或多个对象的位置的各方面的数据。存储器128还可以存储可以包括传感器数据的映射数据。接收机106的处理器和/或传感器处理器可以生成传感器数据以识别位于接收机106的接近度内的敏感对象(诸如人类和动物)。发射机102可以查询存储在存储单元126的记录中的对象的位置数据，使得发射机102可以将对象的该位置数据用作输入参数来确定用于发射功率波的特征以及在传输场内形成能量袋的位置。
如所提及的，在一些实现方式中，接收机106可以集成在电子设备107中，使得针对所有实际目的，接收机106和电子设备107将被理解为单个单元或产品，而在一些实施例中，接收机106可以在生产之后被耦接到电子设备107。应该理解的是，接收机106可以被配置成使用电子设备107的通信部件和/或包括其自身的通信部件。作为示例，接收机106可以是可连接到电子设备107以提供向电子设备107充电的无线电能的可附接但分立的单元或产品。在示出的示例中，接收机106可以包括其自身的通信部件126以与发射机102传递数据。附加地或替选地，在一些实施例中，接收机106可以利用或以其他方式与电子设备的通信部件一起操作。例如，接收机106可以在制造膝上型计算机期间或之后集成到膝上型计算机中。在该示例中，接收机106可以使用膝上型计算机的通信部件(例如基于的通信部件)来与发射机传递数据，或者接收机106可以集成到智能手机壳体中并可以利用手机的连接性。
在一些实施例中，在接收机106工作时，由信号发生器124生成并通过传输天线发射具有不同周期的对象检测信号。信号发生器124可以改变其生成的每个对象检测信号的频率。信号发生器124还可以使用以预定间隔切换或以其他方式控制对象检测信号的特性的信号开关。在一些实施例中，从一个或多个对象反射的对象检测信号然后被接收机天线接收并存储在存储器128中。然后，处理器122访问存储器128来处理所反射的对象检测信号。处理器126可以从存储器128中获得具有不同周期的每个反射的对象检测信号中的反射的对象检测信号数据。在一些实施例中，处理器122然后通过确定在每个天线处从接收机102接收到的具有不同周期的反射的对象检测信号中的每一个的延迟时间来生成相应对象的位置数据。处理器122将针对在不同天线处接收到的具有不同周期的反射的对象检测信号中的每个获得的延迟时间数据进行比较，并基于针对具有不同周期的反射的对象检测信号中的每一个的延迟时间数据和天线的特定朝向来计算对象距接收机106的距离。然后，处理器122将基于针对在不同天线处接收到的反射的对象检测信号中的每一个的延迟时间数据而获得的对象的多个距离值进行比较，并确定对象的确切位置。在一实施例中，所测量的距离的范围可以从几毫米到几米。在一些实施例中，对象的位置数据被保存在存储器128中。
在一实施例中，对象的位置数据然后被接收机106的通信部件128自动地传送给发射机102。在另一实施例中，通信部件126可以在接收到来自发射机102的请求时向发射机发送对象的位置数据。然后，发射机102基于与对象相关的位置数据发射具有一个或多个特征的功率波。基于对象的位置，发射机102可以改变发射机102正向接收机106的位置和/或对象119的位置传送的功率波110的一个或多个特征，例如功率波110的频率、振幅、相位、增益、方向。在一示例中，当位置数据指示对象119到接收机106的范围或距离处于接收机106的预定义接近度内时，可在对象的位置处或附近和/或接收机106附近形成零空间。在空间中特定区域处，零空间可以不具有能量或具有可忽略不计的能量，这可以由在空间中的区域处汇聚以形成相消干涉图案的功率波引起。当功率波在对象位置处相消地汇聚且它们各自的波形特征彼此相反(即波形互相抵消)时，在对象位置处集中的能量的量减少。在另一示例中，发射机102可以在对象的位置处形成零空间，而不管该对象是否在距接收机106的预定义接近度内。在又一实施例中，当对象119处于接收机106的预定义接近度内时，发射机102可以减小正发射给接收机100的功率波的强度。
图2示出了根据示例性实施例的在无线电能传输系统中传送功率波的方法。
在步骤202中，接收机(RX)生成与一个或多个对象相关的位置数据。在一示例中，当接收机正从发射机接收功率波且一个或多个对象进入距接收机预定义的距离内时，接收机生成与所述一个或多个对象相关联的位置数据。在另一示例中，接收机被配置成连续地或周期性地生成并更新与一个或多个对象相关联的位置数据。
当接收到从一个或多个对象中的每个相应对象反射的一个或多个对象检测信号时，接收机生成与一个或多个对象检测信号相关的位置数据。从特定对象接收回的对象检测信号指示特定对象相对于接收机的位置，使得接收机能够基于由接收机确定的该相对位置生成位置数据。因为发射机可以知道接收机的位置，所以特定对象的位置数据为发射机指示相应对象相对于发射机的位置。在一些实现方式中，耦接至接收机的对象检测天线可以发射多个对象检测信号，其中，每个相应的对象检测信号具有连续步进的频率。然后，对象检测天线接收从对象反射回的至少一个对象检测信号。在一示例中，可以利用单个对象检测天线或一组对象检测天线来发射对象检测信号及接收所反射的对象检测信号。在另一示例中，一组对象检测天线可以用来发射对象检测信号，而另一组对象检测天线可以用来接收所反射的对象检测信号。
然后，被配置成控制接收机的处理器基于从相应对象反射回的至少一个对象检测信号来生成一个或多个对象中的相应对象相对于接收机的位置。在一示例中，可以通过测量从相应对象反射的对象检测信号的延迟时间来确定相应对象的位置数据。然后，所确定的对象的位置可以被处理器保存在接收机的存储器中。
在步骤204中，接收机向发射机(TX)传送与相应对象相关联的位置数据。然后，接收机通过由接收机的通信部件生成的包括到发射机的位置数据一个或多个通信信号来传送相应对象的位置数据。在一实施例中，通信部件可以在接收到来自发射机的请求时向发射机发送对象的位置数据。
在步骤206中，接收机从发射机的一个或多个天线接收具有一个或多个波形特征的一个或多个功率波，所述一个或多个波形特征基于针对每个相应对象生成的位置数据，使所述一个或多个功率波在靠近接收机的位置处汇聚。一个或多个功率波还可以基于一个或多个功率波的一个或多个波形特征相消地汇聚而形成一个或多个零空间。接收机可以嵌入在正通过从发射机的一个或多个天线接收到的一个或多个功率波充电的电子设备中。可替选地，接收机可以基于感测到的对象到接收机的位置来完全停止接收功率波。
图3示出了根据示例性实施例的在无线电能传输系统中传送功率波的方法。
在步骤302中，接收机(RX)的第一组一个或多个对象检测天线发射多个输出对象检测信号，其中每个相应的输出对象检测信号具有相对于前一对象检测信号连续步进的频率。
在一实施例中，接收机的信号发生器可以被配置成生成对象检测信号。在一示例中，生成的对象检测信号可以是需要最小滤波的音调波。在另一示例中，生成的每个对象检测信号可以是非调制的。在又一示例中，生成的对象检测信号可以是非线性啁啾信号，其中非线性啁啾信号选自包括以下各波形的分组：指数的、对数的及任意公式化的啁啾波形。信号发生器还可以随机地改变多个输出检测信号中的一个或多个输出检测信号的频率。一个或多个输出检测信号的频率可以以例如每秒1次到1000次之间的任意间隔范围随机地改变。
在步骤304中，接收机的第二组一个或多个对象检测天线接收从一个或多个对象反射的一个或多个输入对象检测信号。可以使用输入对象检测信号的特征和定时来确定对象的位置数据的各个方面，诸如距接收机的范围或距离。更多个天线和更多个输入对象检测信号可以允许接收机生成多个复杂形式(诸如多维度或高精度)的位置数据。例如，从对象反射回的输入对象检测信号指示对象相对于接收机的位置，在这种情况中，为距接收机的范围或距离。在一些情况中，基于对象在空间方向上相对于接收机的角位置，从对象反射回的多个输入对象检测信号可以具有彼此不同的相位位置。
在步骤306中，接收机的处理器基于从每个特定对象反射回的一个或多个输入对象检测信号来生成与每个对象相关联的位置数据。输入对象检测信号可以反映每个对象相对于接收机的位置数据，并因此接收机可以基于每个对象相对于接收机的位置来生成位置数据。当被发射机接收到时，与每个相应对象相关联的位置数据为发射机指示每个相应对象相对于发射机的位置。在实施例中，接收机的处理器通过确定发射多个输出对象检测信号和接收从相应对象反射的至少一个输入对象检测信号之间的延迟时间，来生成每个相应对象的位置数据。接收机的处理器还基于至少一个输入对象检测信号中的每一个的不同相位位置，来生成与每个相应对象相关联的位置数据。
在步骤308中，接收机的通信部件向发射机(TX)传送包含与一个或多个对象中的每一个相关联的位置数据的通信信号。在一些实现方式中，接收机的通信部件自动地向发射机传送包含与一个或多个对象中的每一个相关联的位置数据的通信信号。在一些实现方式中，当接收到来自发射机的请求时，接收机的通信部件向发射机传送包含与一个或多个对象中的每一个相关联的位置数据的通信信号。
在步骤310中，接收机的另一天线基于与一个或多个对象相关联的位置数据从发射机接收具有一个或多个特征的一个或多个功率波。在实施例中，基于对象的位置，发射机可以改变发射机正向接收机的位置和/或对象的位置发射的功率波的一个或多个特征，例如频率、振幅、相位、增益、方向。在一示例中，当对象的位置处于接收机的预定义接近度内时，可以在对象的位置处形成由波在该位置处的相消干涉而导致的零空间。当功率波在对象位置处相消汇聚且它们各自的波形特征彼此相反时，会发生相消干涉(即波形互相抵消)，从而使在对象位置处集中的能量的量减少。在另一示例中，发射机可以在对象的位置处形成零空间，而不管该对象是否在预定义的接近度内。在又一示例中，发射机可以减小正发射给接收机的功率波的强度。在另一示例中，接收机可以基于感测到的对象到接收机的位置而完全停止接收功率波。
上述方法描述和过程流程图仅作为说明性示例提供并不意在要求或暗示不同实施例的步骤必须按所呈现的顺序来执行。正如本领域技术人员将理解的那样，上文中的实施例中的步骤可以按任何顺序来执行。诸如“然后”、“接下来”等词不用于限制步骤的顺序；这些词仅用来通过对方法的描述来引导读者。尽管过程流程图可以将操作描述为顺序过程，但多个操作可以并行或同时执行。此外，可以重新布置操作的顺序。过程可以与方法、函数、步骤、子例程、子程序等对应。当过程与函数对应时，过程的结束可以对应于函数返回到调用函数或主函数。
结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各种说明性逻辑框、模块、电路以及算法步骤可以被实施为电子硬件、计算机软件或两者的组合。为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的这种互换性，上文中已对各种说明性部件、框、模块、电路以及步骤在其功能方面进行了总体描述。将该功能实施为硬件还是软件取决于在整个系统上的特定应用和设计限制。技术人员可以针对每个特定应用以不同的方式实施所描述的功能，但是这种实施方式策略不应被解释为偏离本发明的范围。
在计算机软件中实施的实施例可以在软件、固件、中间件、微代码、硬件描述语言或前述的任何组合中实施。代码段或计算机可执行指令可以表示步骤、函数、子程序、程序、例程、子例程、模块、软件包、分类或指令、数据结构或程序语句的任何组合。代码段可以通过传送和/或接收信息、数据、参量、参数或存储内容来耦接到另一代码段或硬件电路。信息、参量、参数、数据等可以经由包括内存共享、消息传递、令牌传递、网络传输等任何合适的装置来传递、转发或传送。
用来实施这些系统和方法的实际软件代码或专用控制硬件不限制本发明。因此，在不需要参考具体的软件代码的情况下描述的系统及方法的操作和行为可以被理解为软件和控制硬件可被设计成基于本文中的描述来实现系统及方法。
当在软件中实施时，这些函数可以存储为非暂时性计算机可读或处理器可读存储介质上的一个或多个指令或代码。可以在处理器可执行软件模块中实施本文中所公开的方法或算法的步骤，该处理器可执行软件模块可以驻留在计算机可读或处理器可读存储介质上。非暂时性计算机可读或处理器可读介质包括有助于将计算机程序从一个地方转移到另一地方的计算机存储介质和有形的存储介质。非暂时性计算机可读存储介质可以是可以被计算机访问的任何可用的介质。通过非限制性示例，这种非暂时性处理器可读介质可以包括RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或任何其他光盘存储、磁盘存储或其他磁存储设备、或者任何其他有形的存储介质，该任何其他有形的存储介质可以用来以指令或数据结构的形式存储所需的程序代码并且可以被计算机或处理器访问。如本文中所使用的磁盘和光盘包括致密性光盘(CD)、激光盘、光碟、数字通用光盘(DVD)、软盘以及蓝光光盘，其中磁盘通常以磁性方式再现数据，而光盘采用激光光学地再现数据。上述内容的组合也应该被包括在计算机可读介质的范围内。此外，方法或算法的操作可以作为代码和/或指令集中的一个或任何组合驻留在可以并入计算机程序产品中的非暂时性处理器可读介质和/或计算机可读介质上。

Claims (20)

1.一种无线电能传输方法，所述方法包括：
接收机基于一个或多个对象检测信号来生成与一个或多个对象相关联的位置数据，所述一个或多个对象检测信号是从所述一个或多个对象反射的并指示所述一个或多个对象中的每个相应对象关于所述接收机的位置；
所述接收机将包括所述位置数据的一个或多个通信信号传送至发射机；以及
所述接收机从所述发射机的一个或多个天线接收具有一个或多个波形特征的一个或多个功率波，其中，所述一个或多个波形特征是基于针对每个相应对象生成的所述位置数据的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，生成与一个或多个对象相关联的位置数据还包括：
耦接至所述接收机的检测天线发射多个对象检测信号，每个相应的对象检测信号具有连续步进的频率。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，生成与一个或多个对象相关联的位置数据还包括：
耦接至所述接收机的所述检测天线接收从所述一个或多个对象中的相应对象反射回的至少一个检测信号。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，生成与一个或多个对象相关联的位置数据还包括：
被配置成控制所述接收机的处理器基于从所述一个或多个对象中的相应对象反射回的至少一个对象检测信号来确定所述相应对象关于所述接收机的位置。
5.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法，其中，所述一个或多个功率波基于所述一个或多个功率波的一个或多个波形特征来相消地汇聚以形成一个或多个零空间。
6.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法，其中，所述接收机被耦接至通信部件，所述通信部件被配置成向所述发射机传送包括所述位置数据的所述一个或多个通信信号。
7.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法，其中，所述接收机被嵌入在通过从所述发射机的一个或多个天线接收到的一个或多个功率波充电的电子设备中。
8.一种无线电能传输方法，所述方法包括：
接收机的第一天线发射多个输出对象检测信号，每个相应的输出对象检测信号具有相对于前一输出对象检测信号连续步进的频率；
所述接收机的第二天线接收从一个或多个对象反射的一个或多个输入对象检测信号，其中，至少一个输入对象检测信号是从所述一个或多个对象中的相应对象反射的，并且其中，所述至少一个输入对象检测信号指示所述相应对象关于所述接收机的位置；
所述接收机的处理器基于所述一个或多个输入对象检测信号来生成与所述相应对象相关联的位置数据；
所述接收机的通信部件向发射机传送包括与所述一个或多个对象中的所述相应对象相关联的位置数据的一个或多个通信信号；以及
所述接收机的第三天线从所述发射机接收具有一个或多个特征的一个或多个功率波，其中，所述一个或多个特征是基于与所述相应对象相关联的位置数据的。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所接收到的从所述一个或多个对象反射的一个或多个输入对象检测信号具有基于所述对象关于所述接收机的角位置以及关于所述接收机的相应空间方向的相应相位位置。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，还包括：所述接收机基于从所述相应对象反射的至少一个输入对象检测信号的相应相位位置来确定与所述一个或多个对象中的相应对象相关联的位置数据。
11.根据权利要求8-10中任一项所述的方法，其中，生成所述相应对象的位置数据还包括：所述接收机确定发射所述多个输出对象检测信号和接收从所述相应对象反射的至少一个输入对象检测信号之间的延迟时间。
12.根据权利要求8-11中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述多个输出对象检测信号被生成为非线性啁啾信号，并且其中，所述非线性啁啾信号是选自包括以下各形式的分组的波形：指数的、对数的及任意公式化的。
13.根据权利要求8-12中任一项所述的方法，其中，发射多个输出检测信号还包括：所述接收机的第一天线随机地改变所述多个输出检测信号中的一个或多个输出检测信号的频率，其中，所述一个或多个输出检测信号的频率以每秒1次至1000次的随机间隔范围随机地改变。
14.根据权利要求8-13中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述多个输出检测信号未被调制。
15.一种无线电能传输系统中的接收机，包括：
第一天线，所述第一天线被配置成发射多个输出检测信号，所述多个输出检测信号中的每个相应输出检测信号具有连续步进的频率；
第二天线，所述第二天线被配置成接收从一个或多个对象反射的多个输入检测信号；
处理器，所述处理器被配置成基于从所述一个或多个对象反射的多个输入检测信号来生成与所述一个或多个对象中的每个相应对象相关联的位置数据，其中，相应对象的相应位置数据指示所述相应对象关于所述接收机的位置；
通信部件，所述通信部件被配置成向所述发射机传送包括与每个相应对象相关联的位置数据的通信信号；以及
第三天线，所述第三天线被配置成从所述发射机接收具有一个或多个特征的一个或多个功率波，所述一个或多个特征基于与所述一个或多个对象中的每个相应对象相关联的位置数据使得所述一个或多个功率波在靠近所述接收机的位置处汇聚。
16.根据权利要求15所述的接收机，其中，所述多个输出检测信号包括啁啾波，所述啁啾波具有不断变化的频率。
17.根据权利要求15-16中任一项所述的接收机，其中，所述一个或多个输入检测信号中的相应输入检测信号是从所述一个或多个对象中的相应对象反射的，并具有基于所述相应对象关于所述接收机的角位置及所述相应对象关于所述接收机的空间方向的相位位置。
18.根据权利要求17所述的接收机，其中，所述处理器还被配置成基于所述相应输入检测信号的相位位置来确定与所述相应对象相关联的相应位置数据。
19.根据权利要求15-18中任一项所述的接收机，其中，所述处理器还被配置成通过测量发射所述多个输出对象检测信号和接收从所述一个或多个对象中的每个相应对象反射的输入检测信号之间的延迟时间来确定每个相应对象的相应位置数据。
20.根据权利要求15-19中任一项所述的接收机，其中，所述一个或多个功率波选自包括以下各项的分组：电磁波、无线电波、微波、声波、超声波以及磁共振。
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Application publication date: 20181023