CN108063051A - 介电组合物和包含介电组合物的多层陶瓷电容器 - Google Patents

介电组合物和包含介电组合物的多层陶瓷电容器 Download PDF

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CN108063051A
CN108063051A CN201711020500.1A CN201711020500A CN108063051A CN 108063051 A CN108063051 A CN 108063051A CN 201711020500 A CN201711020500 A CN 201711020500A CN 108063051 A CN108063051 A CN 108063051A
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shell
core
dielectric
barium titanate
powder particle
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CN108063051B (zh
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金珍友
李种晧
辛敏基
金学宽
金晋模
李治和
金弘锡
金佑燮
朴昌华
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Samsung Electro Mechanics Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种介电组合物和包含介电组合物的多层陶瓷电容器。所述多层陶瓷电容器包括:陶瓷主体,包括介电层以及设置为彼此面对的第一内电极和第二内电极,且相应的介电层插设在所述第一内电极和所述第二内电极之间;以及第一外电极和第二外电极,设置在所述陶瓷主体的外表面上,其中,所述介电层包含具有核‑壳结构的钛酸钡基粉末颗粒,所述核‑壳结构包括核和围绕所述核的壳,所述壳具有钛被具有与所述钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的所述钛的氧化数相同的氧化数并具有与所述钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的所述钛的离子半径不同的离子半径的元素部分地取代的结构,并且所述壳覆盖所述核的表面的至少30%。

Description

介电组合物和包含介电组合物的多层陶瓷电容器
本申请要求于2016年11月9日在韩国知识产权局提交的第10-2016-0148475号韩国专利申请的优先权的权益,所述韩国专利申请的公开内容通过引用被全部包含于此。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种具有高的介电常数和优异的可靠性的介电组合物和包括该介电组合物的多层陶瓷电容器。
背景技术
通常,诸如电容器、电感器、压电装置、压敏电阻、热敏电阻等包括陶瓷材料的电子组件包括由陶瓷材料形成的陶瓷主体、形成在陶瓷主体中的内电极以及安装在陶瓷主体的表面上以连接到内电极的外电极。
在这样的陶瓷电子组件中,多层陶瓷电容器包括多个堆叠的介电层、设置为彼此面对且相应的介电层插设在它们之间的内电极以及电连接到内电极的外电极。
多层陶瓷电容器因其诸如小尺寸、高电容、易于安装等的优点已被广泛地用作用于诸如计算机、个人数字助理(PDA)、移动电话等的移动通信装置的组件。
通常,多层陶瓷电容器通过使用片方法、印刷法等堆叠用于内电极的导电膏的层和介电膏的层,同时烧结所述堆叠的膏层来制造。
多层陶瓷电容器的电特性可根据包含在介电膏中的介电粉末的类型和特性而改变。
近来,由于多层陶瓷电容器中需要高电容,因此为了实现高电容,有必要在不发生晶粒生长的条件下确保高介电常数。具体地,在执行完整烧结的情况下,由于介电材料的雾化导致势必发生晶粒生长,因此在高电场下电容势必减小。
因此,有必要开发即使高温下仍不伴随晶粒生长而能够致密化并且由于没有晶粒生长能够同时减小介电常数降低的介电组合物。
发明内容
本公开的一方面可提供一种具有高的介电常数和优异的可靠性的介电组合物以及使用该介电组合物的多层陶瓷电容器。
根据本公开的一方面,一种多层陶瓷电容器可包括:陶瓷主体,包括介电层以及设置为彼此面对的第一内电极和第二内电极,且相应的介电层插设在所述第一内电极和所述第二内电极之间;以及第一外电极和第二外电极,设置在所述陶瓷主体的外表面上,其中,所述介电层包含具有核-壳结构的钛酸钡基粉末颗粒,所述核-壳结构包括核和围绕所述核的壳,所述壳具有钛被具有与所述钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的所述钛的氧化数相同的氧化数并具有与所述钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的所述钛的离子半径不同的离子半径的元素部分地取代的结构,并且所述壳覆盖所述核的表面的至少30%。
根据本公开的另一方面,一种介电组合物可包含具有核-壳结构的钛酸钡基粉末颗粒,所述核-壳结构包括核和围绕所述核的壳,其中,所述壳具有钛被具有与所述钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的所述钛的氧化数相同的氧化数并具有与所述钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的所述钛的离子半径不同的离子半径的元素部分地取代的结构,并且所述壳包含Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种。
附图说明
通过下面结合附图进行的详细描述,本公开的以上和其它方面、特征和优点将被更加清楚地理解,在附图中:
图1是示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的多层陶瓷电容器的示意性透视图;
图2是示出沿着图1的A-A’线截取的多层陶瓷电容器的示意性截面图;以及
图3是示意性示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的多层陶瓷电容器中的介电层中包含的介电晶粒的示图。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将参照附图详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。
在下文中,将参照附图描述根据本公开的介电组合物和使用该介电组合物的多层陶瓷电容器。
图1是示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的多层陶瓷电容器的示意性透视图。
图2是示出沿着图1的A-A’线截取的多层陶瓷电容器的示意性截面图。
图3是示意性示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的多层陶瓷电容器中的介电层中包含的介电晶粒的示图。
参照图1至图3,根据本公开的示例性实施例的多层陶瓷电容器100可包括:陶瓷主体110,包括介电层111以及设置为彼此面对的第一内电极121和第二内电极122,且介电层111中的每个插设在第一内电极121和第二内电极122之间;第一外电极131和第二外电极132,设置在陶瓷主体110的外表面上。介电层111包含具有核11a-壳11b结构的钛酸钡基粉末颗粒,该核11a-壳11b结构包括核11a和围绕核11a的壳11b。钛酸钡基粉末颗粒的壳11b具有其中钛被具有与钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的钛的氧化数相同的氧化数并具有与钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的钛的离子半径不同的离子半径的元素部分地取代的结构,并且壳11b覆盖核11a的表面的至少30%。
陶瓷主体110的形状不受限制,但通常可呈六面体形状。此外,陶瓷主体110的尺寸不受限制,且陶瓷主体可根据预期的用途而具有适当的尺寸。例如,陶瓷主体可具有(0.6mm~5.6mm)×(0.3mm~5.0mm)×(0.3mm~1.9mm)的尺寸。
可根据电容器的电容设计选择性地改变介电层111的厚度。根据本公开的示例性实施例,单个介电层在烧结之后的厚度可为0.2μm或更大。
第一内电极121和第二内电极122可堆叠为使得其端表面分别交替地暴露到陶瓷主体110的彼此背对的两个端部的表面。
第一外电极131和第二外电极132可形成在陶瓷主体110的两个端部上,并电连接到交替地设置的第一内电极121和第二内电极122的暴露的端表面,从而构造电容器电路。
第一内电极121和第二内电极122中包含的导电材料不受限制,但可以是例如镍(Ni)。
第一内电极121和第二内电极122的厚度可根据预期用途等适当地确定,而不受限制。例如,厚度可在0.1μm至5μm的范围内,或者在0.1μm至2.5μm的范围内。
第一外电极131和第二外电极132中包含的导电材料不受限制,而是可使用镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)或它们的合金。
第一外电极131和第二外电极132的厚度可根据预期用途等适当地确定,而不受限制。例如,厚度可在10μm至50μm的范围内。
构造陶瓷主体110的介电层111可包含根据本公开的示例性实施例的介电组合物。
介电组合物可包含具有核-壳结构(包括核和围绕该核的壳)的钛酸钡基粉末颗粒。钛酸钡基粉末颗粒的壳可具有其中钛被具有与钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的钛的氧化数相同的氧化数并具有与钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的钛的离子半径不同的离子半径的元素部分地取代的结构,并且壳可包含Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种。
下面将更详细地描述根据本公开的示例性实施例的介电组合物。
根据本公开的示例性实施例,介电层111可包含具有核11a-壳11b结构(包括核11a和围绕核11a的壳11b)的钛酸钡基粉末颗粒,并且壳11b可具有其中钛被具有与钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的钛的氧化数相同的氧化数并具有与钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的钛的离子半径不同的离子半径的元素部分地取代的结构,并且壳11b可覆盖核11a的表面的至少30%。
钛酸钡基粉末颗粒不受限制。例如,钛酸钡基粉末颗粒可以是其中钛被元素部分地取代的BaTiO3粉末。
核11a可由BaTiO3形成,并且还可包含其它添加剂。
壳11b可由Ba(Ti1-xMx)O3表示,其中,M是Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种。
根据本公开的示例性实施例,介电组合物的介电常数可通过如下方式增大:使用其氧化数与钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的钛的氧化数相同但离子半径与钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的钛的离子半径不同的元素来部分地取代壳11b中的钛,以改变通常具有立方相的晶格结构并将立方相转换成具有偶极矩的相,从而在没有晶粒生长的情况下确保高的介电常数。
使用其氧化数与钛的氧化数相同但离子半径与钛的离子半径不同的元素部分地取代钛的方法不受限制。例如,可通过涂覆或掺杂来执行取代。
其氧化数与钛的氧化数相同但离子半径与钛的离子半径不同的元素不受限制,而是可以为例如Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种。
也就是说,壳11b可由Ba(Ti1-xMx)O3表示,其中,M是Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种。
可通过在壳11b中使用其氧化数与钛的氧化数相同但离子半径与钛的离子半径不同的元素部分地取代钛来增大Ba与Ti的摩尔比(Ba/Ti),使得可抑制介电晶粒的晶粒生长。
Ba与Ti的摩尔比(Ba/Ti)可以是1.0150或更大。
根据本公开的示例性实施例,由于Ba与Ti的摩尔比(Ba/Ti)高(1.0150或更大),因此在烧结介电组合物时,介电组合物可被调节为在抑制介电组合物的晶粒生长的同时被致密化,使得可获得优异的耐受电压特性,可提高可靠性,并且DC偏置特性也可以是优异的。
此外,通过使介电组合物在抑制晶粒生长的同时被致密化,介电组合物的介电常数可比通常的介电组合物的介电常数高,从而可实现高电容的多层陶瓷电感器。
根据本公开的示例性实施例,壳11b可在烧结之前覆盖核11a的表面的至少50%。
壳11b可在烧结之前覆盖核11a的表面的至少50%,并可在烧结之后覆盖核11a的表面的至少30%,从而可在烧结时更适当地进行介电组合物的致密化,同时抑制晶粒的生长。
详细地,壳11b可在烧结之前覆盖核11a的表面的至少50%,从而在烧结时抑制晶粒生长的效果会是优异的。
此外,壳11b可在烧结之后覆盖核11a的表面的至少30%,从而即使将内电极和介电层制造为薄层,耐受电压特性也会是优异的,并且还可提高可靠性。
详细地,壳11b中包含的Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种取代成分可存在于介电层和内电极之间的界面以及介电晶粒的边界中,使得耐受电压特性和高温可靠性会更加优异。
核11a中的Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种元素与壳11b中的Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种元素的含量比在烧结之前可为1/5或更大,在烧结之后可为1/10或更大。
根据本公开的示例性实施例,在介电层111中,其壳11b在烧结之前覆盖核的表面的至少50%并在烧结之后覆盖核的表面的至少30%的介电晶粒11的数量可以是介电晶粒11和12的总数的35%至85%。
其壳11b在烧结之前覆盖核的表面的至少50%并在烧结之后覆盖核的表面的至少30%的介电晶粒11的数量可在介电晶粒11和12的总数的35%至85%的范围内,使得耐受电压特性和高温可靠性可以是优异的,并可因高直流(DC)电场中的电容减小率低而获得高的电容。
当其壳11b在烧结之前覆盖核的表面的至少50%并在烧结之后覆盖核的表面的至少30%的介电晶粒11的数量小于介电晶粒11和12的总数的35%时,使得耐受电压特性和高温可靠性会被劣化,并且由于在高直流(DC)电场中电容减小率的增大而不会获得期望的电容。
当其壳11b在烧结之前覆盖核的表面的至少50%并在烧结之后覆盖核的表面的至少30%的介电晶粒11的数量大于介电晶粒11和12的总数的85%时,以高的百分比覆盖核的表面的介电晶粒的数量过高,使得电容反而会被劣化。
壳11b的厚度不受限制,而是例如可以在2nm至50nm的范围内。
在下文中,将详细地描述根据本公开的示例性实施例的介电组合物的每种成分。
a)基体材料粉末
根据本公开的示例性实施例,介电组合物可包含作为基体材料粉末的具有核-壳结构的钛酸钡基粉末颗粒。
钛酸钡基粉末颗粒可具有位于核11a上的壳11b,该壳11b具有其中钛被具有与钛的氧化数相同的氧化数并具有与钛的离子半径不同的离子半径的元素部分地取代的结构,并且壳11b可包含Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种。
Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种可涂覆或掺杂在核11a上。
壳11b的半径可对应于钛酸钡基粉末颗粒的半径的2%至30%。
可通过使壳11b具有与钛酸钡基粉末颗粒的半径的2%至30%对应的半径来控制DC电场中的标称电容和实际电容。
可通过使壳11b具有与钛酸钡基粉末颗粒的半径的2%至30%对应的半径来减小高DC电场中的电容减小率,从而可获得高的电容。
壳11b可覆盖核11a的表面的至少50%,并且核11a中的Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种与壳11b中的Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种的含量比可以是1/5或更大。
b)第一辅助成分
根据本公开的示例性实施例,介电组合物可包含作为第一辅助成分的包含Mn、V、Cr、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu和Zn中的至少一种的氧化物或碳酸盐。
基于100at%的基体材料粉末,可包含含量在0.2at%至2.0at%的范围内的作为第一辅助成分的包含Mn、V、Cr、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu和Zn中的至少一种的氧化物或碳酸盐。
第一辅助成分可用于减小使用介电组合物的多层陶瓷电容器的烧结温度,并改善高温耐受电压特性。
基于100at%的基体材料粉末的第一辅助成分的含量以及下面将描述的第二辅助成分、第三辅助成分、第四辅助成分和第五辅助成分的含量可具体地限定为包含在每种辅助成分中的金属离子的mol%或at%。
当第一辅助成分的含量小于0.2at%时,烧结温度会增大,并且高温耐受电压特性会轻微劣化。
当第一辅助成分的含量大于2.0at%时,高温耐受电压特性和室温电阻率会劣化。
具体地,根据本公开的示例性实施例的介电组合物可基于100mol%的基体材料粉末包含含量为0.2mol%至2.0mol%的第一辅助成分,因此,可在低温下烧结介电组合物,并可获得优异的高温耐受电压特性。
c)第二辅助成分
根据本公开的示例性实施例,介电组合物可包含第二辅助成分,第二辅助成分为含有Ba和Ca中的至少一种的氧化物或碳酸盐。
介电组合物可基于100at%的基体材料粉末包含含量为0.0at%至3.0at%的第二辅助成分(为含有钡和钙中的至少一种的氧化物或碳酸盐)。
不管诸如氧化物或碳酸盐的添加剂的形式如何,第二辅助成分的含量都可以以第二辅助成分中包含的Ba和Ca中的一种或更多种元素的含量为基准。
第二辅助成分可在介电组合物中用于形成核-壳结构,以提高介电常数和可靠性,并且在基于100at%的基体材料粉末包含含量为0.0at%至3.0at%的第二辅助成分的情况下,可提供能够实现高的介电常数和优异的高温耐受电压特性的介电组合物。
在第二辅助成分的含量基于100at%的基体材料粉末大于3.0at%的情况下,室温介电常数会减小,并且高温耐受电压特性也会被劣化。
d)第三辅助成分
介电组合物可包含作为第三辅助成分的含有Si的氧化物或碳酸盐或含有Si的玻璃化合物。
介电组合物还可基于100at%的基体材料粉末包含含量为0.2at%至5.0at%的第三辅助成分(为含有Si的氧化物或碳酸盐或含有Si的玻璃化合物)。
不管诸如玻璃、氧化物或碳酸盐的添加剂的形式如何,第三辅助成分的含量都可以以第三辅助成分中包含的Si元素的含量为基准。
第三辅助成分可用于减小使用介电组合物的多层陶瓷电容器的烧结温度,并可提高高温耐受电压特性。
e)第四辅助成分
介电组合物可基于100at%的基体材料粉末包含含量为0.0at%至4.0at%的第四辅助成分,第四辅助成分为含有Y、Dy、Ho、Er、Gd、Ce、Nd、Sm、La、Tb、Yb和Pr中的至少一种的氧化物或碳酸盐。
根据本公开的示例性实施例,第四辅助成分可用于防止使用介电组合物的多层陶瓷电容器的可靠性被劣化。
当第四辅助成分的含量大于4.0at%时,可靠性会被劣化,或者介电组合物的介电常数会减小,并且高温耐受电压特性会被劣化。
f)第五辅助成分
根据本公开的示例性实施例,介电组合物可包含第五辅助成分,第五辅助成分为含有作为固定价受体元素的Mg或Al的氧化物或碳酸盐。
介电组合物可基于100at%的基体材料粉末包含含量为0.0at%至2.0at%的第五辅助成分(为含有作为固定价受体元素的Mg或Al的氧化物或碳酸盐)。
为含有固定价受体元素的氧化物或碳酸盐的第五辅助成分可调整介电组合物的微观结构(抑制异常的晶粒生长)并赋予抗还原性。
当第五辅助成分的含量基于100at%的基体材料粉末为大于2.0at%时,介电常数会减小,这是不可取的。
为了制备具有核-壳结构并且尺寸为100nm或更小的介电粉末,首先,可在通过水热合成法制造的10nm级精细种子颗粒上进行晶粒生长,同时掺杂Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种,Sn、Zr和Hf为氧化数与钛的氧化数(钛的氧化数为4)相同但离子半径与钛的离子半径不同的元素。
可根据掺杂材料的碱溶解度改变掺杂的壳的厚度,并且可在晶粒生长时根据BET(一种测量比表面积的方法)、晶粒生长温度和Ba(OH)2的含量调整碱溶解度。
可基于钛在0.5mol%至8.0mol%范围内不同地调整掺杂量,并且该掺杂量可由粉末的目标尺寸来确定。
更具体地,可通过在水热合成工艺中在晶粒生长时注入能够在碱性条件下溶解的金属氧化物来制备具有壳被掺杂的核-壳结构的介电粉末。
金属氧化物可由本公开的示例性实施例中公开的Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种形成。
作为主要工艺,可通过使具有高的溶解度的BaTiO3种子的晶粒生长来形成具有尺寸为30nm至80nm的核,并且作为辅助工艺,在将具有低的溶解度的金属氧化物溶解之后,可形成MeO3 2-基团,并且MeO3 2-基团可与Ba反应以形成BaMeO3种子。
此后,BaMeO3种子可在晶粒生长过程中形成掺杂的壳。
通过上述工艺,介电组合物可通过如下方式使自身的介电常数增大:掺杂添加剂以改变通常具有立方相的晶格结构并将立方相转换成具有偶极矩的相,从而在没有晶粒生长的情况下确保高的介电常数。
此外,在通过使用根据本公开的示例性实施例的介电组合物制造的多层陶瓷电容器中,由于Ba与Ti的摩尔比(Ba/Ti)高(1.0150或更大),因此在烧结之后晶粒生长会显著地减小,并会进行致密化,使得多层陶瓷电容器可具有优异的耐受电压特性、提高的可靠性以及优异的DC偏置特性。
虽然以上已示出并描述了示例性实施例,但对本领域的技术人员将显而易见的是,在不脱离由所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围的情况下,可做出修改和变型。

Claims (14)

1.一种多层陶瓷电容器,包括:
陶瓷主体,包括介电层以及设置为彼此面对的第一内电极和第二内电极,且相应的介电层插设在所述第一内电极和所述第二内电极之间;以及
第一外电极和第二外电极,设置在所述陶瓷主体的外表面上,
其中,所述介电层包含具有核-壳结构的钛酸钡基粉末颗粒,所述核-壳结构包括核和围绕所述核的壳,所述壳具有钛被具有与所述钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的所述钛的氧化数相同的氧化数并具有与所述钛酸钡基粉末颗粒中的所述钛的离子半径不同的离子半径的元素部分地取代的结构,并且所述壳覆盖所述核的表面的至少30%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层陶瓷电容器,其中,所述壳由Ba(Ti1-xMx)O3表示,其中,M是Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的多层陶瓷电容器,其中,所述核中的M与所述壳中的M的含量比为1/10或更大。
4.根据权利要求2所述的多层陶瓷电容器,其中,Ba与Ti的摩尔比为1.0150或更大。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多层陶瓷电容器,其中,在所述介电层中,包含所述壳在烧结之前覆盖所述核的所述表面的至少50%的介电晶粒。
6.根据权利要求5所述的多层陶瓷电容器,其中,在所述介电层中,所述壳在烧结之前覆盖所述核的所述表面的至少50%并在烧结之后覆盖所述核的所述表面的至少30%的介电晶粒的数量在介电晶粒的总数的35%至85%的范围内。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多层陶瓷电容器,其中,所述壳具有在2nm至50nm的范围内的厚度。
8.根据权利要求2所述的多层陶瓷电容器,其中,所述核中的M与所述壳中的M的含量比在烧结之前为1/5或更大,在烧结之后为1/10或更大。
9.一种介电组合物,包括:钛酸钡基粉末颗粒,所述钛酸钡基粉末颗粒具有核-壳结构,所述核-壳结构包括核和围绕所述核的壳,其中,所述壳具有钛被具有与钛的氧化数相同的氧化数并具有与钛的离子半径不同的离子半径的元素部分地取代的结构,并且所述壳包含Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求9所述的介电组合物,其中,Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种涂覆或掺杂在所述核上。
11.根据权利要求9所述的介电组合物,其中,所述壳的半径在所述钛酸钡基粉末颗粒的半径的2%至30%的范围内。
12.根据权利要求9所述的介电组合物,其中,所述壳覆盖所述核的表面的至少50%。
13.根据权利要求9所述的介电组合物,其中,所述核中的Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种与所述壳中的Sn、Zr和Hf中的至少一种的含量比为1/5或更大。
14.根据权利要求9所述的介电组合物,所述介电组合物还包括:
基于100at%的所述钛酸钡基粉末颗粒,含量在0.2at%至2.0at%的范围内的包含Mn、V、Cr、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu和Zn中的至少一种的氧化物或碳酸盐;
基于100at%的所述钛酸钡基粉末颗粒,含量在0.0at%至3.0at%内的包含钡和钙中的至少一种的氧化物或碳酸盐;
基于100at%的所述钛酸钡基粉末颗粒,含量在0.2at%至5.0at%内的包含Si的氧化物或碳酸盐或者包含Si的玻璃化合物;
基于100at%的所述钛酸钡基粉末颗粒,含量在0.0at%至4.0at%内的包含Y、Dy、Ho、Er、Gd、Ce、Nd、Sm、La、Tb、Yb和Pr中的至少一种的氧化物或碳酸盐;以及
基于100at%的所述钛酸钡基粉末颗粒,含量在0.0at%至2.0at%内的包含Mg或Al的氧化物或碳酸盐。
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