CN107534231A - 各向异性导电性膜及连接构造体 - Google Patents

各向异性导电性膜及连接构造体 Download PDF

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CN107534231A
CN107534231A CN201680027723.8A CN201680027723A CN107534231A CN 107534231 A CN107534231 A CN 107534231A CN 201680027723 A CN201680027723 A CN 201680027723A CN 107534231 A CN107534231 A CN 107534231A
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conducting particles
axle
anisotropic conductive
conductive film
terminal
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CN201680027723.8A
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CN107534231B (zh
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筱原诚郎
筱原诚一郎
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Dexerials Corp
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Dexerials Corp
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Abstract

各向异性导电性膜(1)包含绝缘粘接剂层(2)和配置在该绝缘粘接剂层(2)的导电粒子(P)。导电粒子(P)具有以既定粒子间距(L1)排列的第1轴(A1)以既定轴间距(L3)并排的排列。导电粒子(P)为大致圆球,在将导电粒子(P)的平均粒径设为D的情况下,第1轴(A1)中的导电粒子间距(L1)为1.5D以上,第1轴的轴间距(L3)为1.5D以上。由第1轴(A1)中的任意的导电粒子(P0)、该第1轴(A1)中与导电粒子(P0)邻接的导电粒子(P1)、和与该第1轴(A1)邻接的第1轴上与导电粒子(P0)最接近的导电粒子(P2)形成的3角形的各边的方向(格子轴(A1、A2、A3))与各向异性导电性膜的膜宽度方向斜交。依据该各向异性导电性膜,能得到稳定的连接可靠性,且能够抑制伴随导电粒子的密度增加的制造成本上升。

Description

各向异性导电性膜及连接构造体
技术领域
本发明涉及各向异性导电性膜及由各向异性导电性膜连接的连接构造体。
背景技术
各向异性导电性膜广泛使用于向基板安装IC芯片等的电子部件的时候。近年来,在便携电话、笔记本电脑等的小型电子设备中要求布线的高密度化,作为使各向异性导电性膜对应于该高密度化的方法,已知在各向异性导电性膜的绝缘粘接剂层以格子状均匀配置导电粒子的技术。
然而,即便均匀配置导电粒子也出现连接电阻有偏差这一问题。这是因为位于端子的边缘上的导电粒子因绝缘性粘接剂的熔化而向端子间的空隙流出,难以被上下的端子夹住。针对该问题,提出了以导电粒子的第1排列方向为各向异性导电性膜的长边方向,并使与第1排列方向相交的第2排列方向相对于与各向异性导电性膜的长边方向正交的方向倾斜5°以上15°以下的方案(专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特许4887700号公报。
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
然而,若以各向异性导电性膜连接的电子部件的端子尺寸进一步变小,则由端子能够捕捉的导电粒子的数也会进一步减少,在专利文献1记载的各向异性导电性膜中有时不能充分地得到导通可靠性。特别是,在将液晶画面等的控制用IC连接到玻璃基板上的透明电极的、所谓COG(Chip on Glass)连接中,由于伴随液晶画面的高精细化的多端子化和IC芯片的小型化而端子尺寸变小,另外,进行连接电视机的显示器用的玻璃基板与柔性印刷布线板(FPC:Flexible Printed Circuits)的FOG(Film on Glass)连接的情况下,连接端子也成为微小间距,从而增加由连接端子能够捕捉的导电粒子数而提高导通可靠性成为课题。
为了增加由连接端子能够捕捉的导电粒子数,可考虑进一步提高各向异性导电性膜中的导电粒子的密度。然而,如果提高各向异性导电性膜中导电粒子的密度,则产生各向异性导电性膜的制造成本变高这一问题。
因此,本发明以在微小间距的FOG连接或COG连接中也利用各向异性导电性膜而得到稳定的导通可靠性,且抑制伴随导电粒子的密度增加的制造成本的上升为课题。
用于解决课题的方案
本发明人发现以下几点:在各向异性导电性膜设置导电粒子以既定间距排列的轴按既定轴间距并排的导电粒子的排列时,若使由邻接的三个导电粒子形成的3角形的各边方向与各向异性导电性膜的膜宽度方向斜交,则即便在各向异性导电性连接的对置的端子间的对准产生偏移而有效安装面积变窄,也能使导电粒子被各端子充分地捕捉而提高导通可靠性,且,若作为导电粒子使用大致圆球的粒子,则容易制造导电粒子按预期的格子状排列精确地配置的各向异性导电性膜,另外,能够通过端子上的导电粒子的压痕来正确判断各向异性导电性连接后的连接状态的确认;以及根据各向异性导电性连接的端子的宽窄,改变格子轴内的导电粒子的间距和格子轴的间距,从而能够降低确保导通可靠性所需要的导电粒子的密度,想到了本发明。
即,本发明提供各向异性导电性膜,包含绝缘粘接剂层、和配置在该绝缘粘接剂层的导电粒子,具有导电粒子以既定粒子间距排列的第1轴以既定轴间距并排的导电粒子的排列,
导电粒子为大致圆球,
在设导电粒子的平均粒径为D的情况下,第1轴上的导电粒子间距L1为1.5D以上、第1轴的轴间距L3为1.5D以上,
由第1轴上的任意的导电粒子P0、在该第1轴中与导电粒子P0邻接的导电粒子P1、与该第1轴邻接的第1轴上与导电粒子P0最接近的导电粒子P2形成的3角形的各边的方向,与各向异性导电性膜的膜宽度方向斜交。
另外,本发明提供连接构造体,由上述各向异性导电性膜各向异性导电性连接第1电子部件和第2电子部件。
发明效果
依据本发明的各向异性导电性膜,在向绝缘粘接剂层有规则地排列导电粒子时,由邻接的三个导电粒子形成的3角形的各边的方向与各向异性导电性膜的膜宽度斜交,因此在各向异性导电性连接的对置的端子间,即便对准时发生偏移而有效安装面积变窄也能使各端子充分地捕捉导电粒子。另外,在粘合端子与各向异性导电性膜中,即便在任意方向产生偏移,也能使各端子充分地捕捉到导电粒子。进而,在各向异性导电性连接的各个端子为矩形,且该端子在一定方向以一定间隔并排的情况下,减少存在于矩形内的导电粒子数的离散,因此能够使利用端子进行的导电粒子的捕捉数稳定。
另外,通过调整第1轴的轴间距L3,能够对应端子间距的宽窄,通过调整第1轴的轴间距L3和第1轴中的导电粒子间距L1,第1轴彼此中的最接近导电粒子间距离L2也能确保所需要的距离,因此不会过度提高导电粒子的个数密度,而能够调整到在确保导通可靠性上所需要的个数密度。
进而,通过使导电粒子为大致圆球,能够将导电粒子以上述格子状排列精确地配置。另外若其粒径大体统一,则能够通过端子上的导电粒子的压痕或压缩的状态正确地判断各向异性导电性连接后的连接状态的确认,能够防止对所连接的IC芯片等局部施加过度的按压力的情形。
因而,依据本发明的各向异性导电性膜,能够提高利用各向异性导电性膜的连接构造体的导通可靠性,且能够抑制伴随导电粒子的密度增加的各向异性导电性膜的制造成本上升。
附图说明
[图1]图1是实施例的各向异性导电性膜1中的导电粒子的配置图。
[图2A]图2A是以大致圆球的导电粒子连接的情况下的连接状态的说明图。
[图2B]图2B是以大致圆球的导电粒子连接的情况下的连接状态的说明图。
[图2C]图2C是以柱状的导电粒子连接的情况下的连接状态的说明图。
[图2D]图2D是以粒径不齐的导电粒子连接的情况下的连接状态的说明图。
[图3A]图3A是各向异性导电性膜中的导电粒子的配置图的变形例。
[图3B]图3B是各向异性导电性膜中的导电粒子的配置图的变形例。
[图4]图4是实施例的各向异性导电性膜1A中的导电粒子的配置图。
[图5]图5是实施例的各向异性导电性膜1B中的导电粒子的配置图。
[图6]图6是实施例的各向异性导电性膜1C中的导电粒子的配置图。
[图7]图7是实施例的各向异性导电性膜1D中的导电粒子的配置图。
[图8]图8是实施例的各向异性导电性膜中的导电粒子的配置图。
[图9]图9是实施例的各向异性导电性膜中的导电粒子的配置图。
[图10]图10是实施例的各向异性导电性膜中的导电粒子的配置图。
[图11]图11是实施例的各向异性导电性膜1E中的导电粒子的配置图。
[图12]图12是实施例的各向异性导电性膜1F中的导电粒子的配置图。
[图13]图13是比较例的各向异性导电性膜1G中的导电粒子的配置图。
[图14]图14是比较例的各向异性导电性膜中的导电粒子的配置图。
[图15]图15是比较例的各向异性导电性膜中的导电粒子的配置图。
[图16]图16是比较例的各向异性导电性膜中的导电粒子的配置图。
[图17]图17是比较例的各向异性导电性膜中的导电粒子的配置图。
具体实施方式
以下,一边参照附图,一边详细说明本发明。此外,各图中,相同标号表示相同或同等的结构要素。
图1是本发明的一实施例的各向异性导电性膜1中的导电粒子P的配置图。该各向异性导电性膜1具有绝缘粘接剂层2、和在绝缘粘接剂层2以格子状排列固定的导电粒子P。在本发明中,膜长度相对于膜宽度的比通常为5000以上。此外,在图1中,虚线表示以各向异性导电性膜1连接的端子3的排列。
膜长度在实际使用上优选为5m以上,更优选为10m以上,进一步更优选为30m以上。另外,并无特别的上限,但是为了不必对现有的连接装置进行过度的改造而抑制各向异性连接的成本,优选为5000m以下,更优选为1000m以下,进一步更优选为500m以下。此外,膜宽度不做特别限制,但是为了不仅对应一般的电子部件的端子列区域而且对应于窄框化的端子列区域,优选为0.3mm以上,从各向异性导电性膜的制造来说更优选为0.5mm以上,从制造稳定性的观点来说进一步更优选为0.6mm以上。虽然没有特别的上限,但是一般为5mm以下。在堆积(stack)IC等的用途中,存在要求比晶圆宽的情况,因此30cm左右也可。
各向异性导电性膜如上述为了以长尺状形成而可以由连结带连结,另外,也可以为卷绕在卷芯的卷装体。
<<导电粒子的圆球度和粒径>>
本发明将导电粒子P为大致圆球作为主要的特征之一。在此,大致圆球是指以下式算出的圆球度为70~100。
圆球度={1-(So-Si)/So}×100
(式中,So是导电粒子的平面图像中的该导电粒子的外接圆的面积;
Si是导电粒子的平面图像中的该导电粒子的内接圆的面积)
在该算出方法中,优选以各向异性导电性膜的面视角及截面拍摄导电粒子的平面图像,计测各个平面图像中任意导电粒子100个以上(优选为200个以上)的外接圆的面积和内接圆的面积,求出外接圆的面积的平均值和内接圆的面积的平均值,作为上述So、Si。另外,优选无论在面视角及截面的哪一个中,圆球度都在上述范围内。优选面视角及截面的圆球度之差为20以内,更优选为10以内。生产各向异性导电性膜时的检查主要为面视角,各向异性连接后的详细的良否判定以面视角和截面两者进行,因此圆球度之差优选较小的。
通过使导电粒子P为上述圆球度的球,例如,在如日本特开2014-60150号公报中记载的那样利用转印模来制造排列导电粒子的各向异性导电性膜时,转印模上导电粒子平滑地滚转,因此能够使导电粒子高精度地填充到转印模上的既定位置。因而,能够将导电粒子精确地配置成具备既定格子轴的排列。相对于此,若导电粒子为柱状则在导电粒子的滚转方向出现偏移,因此不能高精度地向转印模填充导电粒子,另外即便为球状而扁平的情况下,也需要使填充导电粒子的转印模的凹部的直径相对于导电粒子的粒径相当大,因此难以精确地控制导电粒子的配置。
另外,对于使导电粒子P为上述圆球度并且抑制粒径的偏差,从而利用各向异性导电性膜来连接第1电子部件的端子和第2电子部件的端子的连接构造体,能够通过形成在端子的导电粒子的压痕来正确地评价连接状态。特别是,通过将导电粒子的粒径的偏差抑制在CV值(标准偏差/平均)20%以下,能够正确地进行借助压痕的连接状态的评价。另外,在各向异性导电性连接时处于端子间的导电粒子整体被均匀地加压,能够防止按压力局部地集中。另一方面,在使粒径过度均匀的情况下,根据端子尺寸而成为苛刻技术要求,会成为各向异性导电膜的成本增加主要因素。相对于此,如果CV值为20%以内,则不仅对于端子尺寸较大的(FOG等)而且对于较小的(COG等),也能正确地进行借助压痕的连接状态的确认。
在任何的各向异性连接中都要求通过导电粒子的压痕能够正确地评价连接状态,特别优选在微小间距的COG中。即在连接前的导电粒子的圆球度较高且粒径也整齐的情况下,可知如图2A所示若在连接后的截面中对置的端子3A、3B之间导电粒子P为扁平的圆,则对置的端子3A、3B经由导电粒子P而充分地压接,能可靠地取得导通,但是如图2B所示如果连接时的压入不充分且导电粒子P没有被压垮则压接不充分并且会带来导通不良。在这样的情况下,COG中利用从玻璃侧(透明基板侧)的压痕观察,能够判定各向异性连接的良否。即,如果如图2A那样扁平,则充分显出压痕,但是如图2B那样压接的压入不充分时,难以显出充分的压痕。因此,若导电粒子为大致圆球,则压痕的形状会容易均匀,因此容易进行借助压痕的压接的良否判定。特别是在导电粒子各自独立分离地配置的本发明的情况下,其变得显著。基于这样的理由,也希望导电粒子为大致圆球。
在此,粒径的偏差能够通过图像型粒度分析装置等来算出。没有配置在各向异性导电性膜的、作为各向异性导电性膜的原料粒子的导电粒子的粒径,作为一个例子能够使用湿式流式粒径/形状分析装置FPIA-3000(MALVERN公司)来求出。在导电粒子配置在各向异性导电性膜的情况下,与上述圆球度同样,能够通过平面图像或截面图像来求出。
另外,关于依据导电粒子P的压垮方式的连接状态的评价,作为导电粒子P在树脂芯设置导电层的金属覆盖树脂粒子的情况下能够特别良好地进行。
特别是,关于依据导电粒子P的压垮方式的连接状态的评价,在排列有多个端子的情况下,能够按每个端子比较压垮方式,因此每个端子的连接状态的评价变得容易。如果能够容易掌握邻接的端子间的连接状态,则还牵涉到各向异性连接工序中的生产性提高。这是因为若导电粒子为大致圆球则容易更加显著地体现倾向而优选。
相对于此,在导电粒子不是大致圆球的情况下,导电粒子因与端子接触的朝向不同而压垮方式会不同、压痕的出现方式也不同,因此不能根据压痕正确地评价连接状态。进而,在柱状的情况下如图2C所示导电粒子P容易粉碎,产生按压力集中到局部而破碎的粒子,不能根据变形的程度判断连接状态。另外,如图2D所示,粒径中过度存在偏差的情况下,也不能根据变形的程度判断连接状态。进而,若在粒径存在较大的偏差,则担心在对置的端子间出现夹持导电粒子不充分的情况,因此在使导通可靠性稳定化的方面也不是优选的。
作为圆球度70~100的导电粒子,从获得容易性来说优选在树脂芯设有导电层。通过用悬浊聚合法或乳化聚合法、种子聚合法等的公知方法制造,能够得到某种程度的圆球度的树脂芯。对此进一步适当地进行筛式分级或粉碎等的操作,从而能够得到一定以上的圆球度的树脂芯。
树脂芯优选使用由压缩变形优异的塑料材料构成的粒子,例如能够由(甲基)丙烯酸酯类树脂、聚苯乙烯类树脂、苯乙烯-(甲基)丙烯共聚合树脂、氨基甲酸酯类树脂、环氧类树脂、酚醛树脂、丙烯腈苯乙烯(AS)树脂、苯代三聚氰胺树脂、二乙烯基苯类树脂、苯乙烯类树脂、聚酯树脂等形成。
例如在以(甲基)丙烯酸酯类树脂形成树脂芯的情况下,该(甲基)丙烯类树脂优选为(甲基)丙烯酸酯和具有还根据需要能与它共聚合的反应性双键的化合物及二官能或者多官能性单体的共聚合物。
树脂芯优选为在各向异性连接后能压缩到70~80%程度的硬度。因此,作为树脂芯的压缩变形的容易度,根据所连接的电子部件的组合而进行各种选择。一般优选20%变形时的压缩硬度(K值)为1500~4000N/mm2的比较柔软的粒子,在将FPC和FPC各向异性导电性连接的情况下(FOF)也优选20%变形时的压缩硬度(K值)为1500~4000/mm2的比较柔软的粒子。在将IC芯片和玻璃基板各向异性导电性连接的情况下优选20%变形时的压缩硬度(K值)为3000~8000N/mm2的比较硬的粒子。另外,不依赖材质而在布线表面形成氧化膜的电子部件的情况下,有时也优选使20%变形时的压缩硬度(K值)为8000N/mm2以上的进一步硬的粒子。关于硬度的上限,由于材质为树脂,所以有极限,因此无需特别设置。
在此,20%变形时的压缩硬度(K值)是指通过对导电粒子沿一个方向施加负荷而压缩,由导电粒子的粒径比原来的粒径短20%时的负荷,利用下式算出的数值,会成为K值越小就越柔软的粒子。
K=(3/√2)F·S-8/2·R-1/2
(式中,F:导电粒子的20%压缩变形时的负荷
S:压缩位移(mm)
R:导电粒子的半径(mm))。
此外,依据上述树脂芯的制造方法,有时树脂芯会被制造成凝聚体(二次粒子)。在此情况下,进行凝聚的树脂芯的粉碎。粉碎时,优选不使粒子形状变形而解开溶剂干燥时凝聚的树脂芯的凝聚体。这样的操作能够通过使用气流式微粉碎装置来进行。作为这样的装置,能举出台式实验用气流粉碎机(卓上型ラボジェットミル)A-O JET MILL或小型气流系统(コジェットシステム)(均为株式会社SEISHIN企业制)等。也可以组合离心式回收机构。
在圆球度70~100之中,作为得到圆球度比较低的树脂芯的方法,制作粒径的分布较宽(broad)的树脂粒子的凝聚体,并适当调整分级/粉碎操作,从而能够得到由多个树脂粒子的凝聚体构成之物,还能将它作为树脂芯。关于突起的高度,作为一个例子能够设为10~500nm、或粒径的10%以下。
另外,也可以在导电粒子的表面形成突起。例如,能够使用日本特开2015-8129号公报等中记载的导电粒子。通过形成这样的突起,能够在各向异性连接时捅破设置在端子的保护膜。突起的形成优选均匀存在于导电粒子的表面,但是在各向异性导电性膜的制造工序之中为了排列导电粒子,在将导电粒子填充到模的工序中,也可以在突起的一部分产生缺损。
作为导电粒子P的材质,除了上述金属覆盖树脂粒子之外,可为镍、钴、银、铜、金、钯、焊锡等的金属粒子等。也可以并用2种以上。此外,供给各向异性导电性膜的制造的导电粒子,也可以形成2次粒子。
本发明中,导电粒子P的粒径D是指平均粒径。导电粒子P的粒径D从防止短路和连接的端子间接合的稳定性的方面考虑,优选为1~30μm,更优选为2.5~15μm。各向异性导电性连接中有在夹持导电粒子的端子设有保护膜的情况或端子面不平坦的情况,但是若使导电粒径优选为2.5μm以上,进一步优选为3μm以上,则在那样的情况下也能由端子稳定地夹持导电粒子。
<<导电粒子的个数密度>>
本发明中导电粒子P的个数密度可根据连接对象的端子宽度或端子间距改变导电粒子P的排列而调整到确保导通可靠性上适当的范围。通常,无论是在FOG连接还是在COG连接中,如果在一组对置的端子上能捕捉3个以上、优选为10个以上的导电粒子就能得到良好的导通特性。
例如,在作为连接对象的端子的宽度为导电粒径的30倍以上的FOG连接的情况下,对置的端子彼此重合的部分的面积(有效连接面积)充分,因此通过使导电粒子的个数密度为7~25个/mm2,能够进行连接。更具体而言,连接部的端子的宽度0.2mm、端子的长度为2mm以上、端子间空隙0.2mm(L/S=1),各向异性导电性膜的膜宽度为2mm,在以该膜宽度进行连接的情况下,能够将导电粒子的密度减少到7~8个/mm2程度。在该情况下,即便膜宽度不全部连接也可,并且以膜宽度以下的长度的工具按压也可。此时被按压的部分成为有效连接面积,因此连接的端子的长度成为2mm以下。
另外,连接对象的端子长度与上述同样长、但宽度窄的情况下(例如,端子宽度10~40μm的FPC),为了提高各向异性连接工序的生产性而要求包括直至连接的前工序即对准工序在内迅速的操作性时,优选使导电粒子的个数密度为38~500个/mm2,以能够容许对置的端子的对准的偏移造成的有效连接面积的减少。因对准偏移而端子的有效宽度窄到10μm左右的状态下,更优选为150~500个/mm2
另一方面,在触摸面板等的FOG连接等中为了窄框化,有时缩短端子的长度,例如,需要端子的宽度20~40μm、长度为0.7mm以下、最好0.5mm以下的FPC的连接。在该情况下,使导电粒子的个数密度优选为108~2000个/mm2,更优选为500~2000个/mm2
对以上进行总结,则在本发明中关于导电粒子的个数密度的下限值由端子宽度或端子长度、或者连接的长度(工具宽度)决定,但是如果为7个/mm2以上则优选,如果为38个/mm2以上则更优选,而108个/mm2以上则进一步更优选,如果为500个/mm2以上,则有效连接面积小到某种程度也能对应。
导电粒子的个数密度也可以按每个连接对象物尽量减少,但是若增加制造的品种则不会趋向大量生产,因此也可以通过上述下限值的最大即500个/mm2以上的各向异性导电性膜,来覆盖下限值比它少的品种。另外如果加入大量生产中的制造余量(margin)则也可以追加20%左右而将600个/mm2作为下限值。这是因为从后述的削减导电粒子的个数的效果,有时在减少制造的品种的方式中产生效果。特别是,如果个数密度为3000个/mm2以下、优选为2500个/mm2以下,更优选为2000个/mm2以下,则认为在每一个端子具有5000μm2以上的有效连接面积的端子布局中具有充分的端子间距离(作为一个例子,如果导电粒径为5μm以下则为20μm以上、优选为30μm以上、更优选为比30μm大的距离。或者为导电粒径的4倍以上、优选为6倍以上、更优选为比6倍大的距离)。在该情况下在本发明中由于将导电粒子分别独立地配置,所以能够极大避免短路的发生,因此总成本的削减效果会更加显著。如后述那样,在本发明中方便起见以30μm为界区分微小间距和正常间距,但是随着近年的便携型图像显示装置的多样化,电子部件也多样化。通过将本发明中的导电粒子的个数密度如上述做成能够涵盖多品种的设定,本发明成为从现有存在多种的各向异性导电性膜进一步进化的形态。
在各向异性导电性连接中无论是在FOG连接还是在COG连接中,都使得容易连续地进行对连接前的电子部件的膜粘合工序,且为了使导电粒子稳定地夹持在对置的端子间,优选使各向异性导电性膜1的膜宽度方向与端子3的长边方向匹配。另一方面,无论是在FOG连接还是在COG连接中,若过度提高导电粒子的个数密度,则各向异性导电性膜的制造成本都会增大,另外会招致各向异性导电性连接中按压力的上升。因微小间距化而端子数增加的情况下,若各端子捕捉的导电粒子个数过多,则以使用于各向异性导电性连接的现有的连接压装置的按压力会不能对应。相对于此,改造装置则担心成本增加。
因此,无论是在FOG连接还是在COG连接中,为了抑制过度的按压力的施加,使得在1组对置的端子优选捕捉50个以下、更优选为40个以下、更进一步优选为20个以下的导电粒子。
COG连接中,虽然存在各种的端子尺寸,但是若作为一个例子假设端子宽度10μm、端子长度50μm的情况,则为了抑制过度的按压力的施加,导电粒子的个数密度优选100000个/mm2以下,更优选80000个/mm2以下。
通过以上方式,与端子的尺寸或面积无关,都最好使1组对置的端子优选捕捉3~50个、更优选捕捉10~40个导电粒子。若以成为这样的捕捉数的方式设定导电粒子的个数密度,则作为FOG连接的一个例子,在端子宽度20~40μm、端子长度500~2000μm的情况下优选为40~3000个/mm2,特别优选为50~2500个/mm2。上述端子长度也可以认为是作为连接的面积的长度(即,工具宽度)。另外,作为COG连接的一个例子,在端子宽度5~50μm、端子长度30~300μm的情况下优选为4000~100000个/mm2,特别优选为5000~80000个/mm2。通过使导电粒子的个数密度为该范围,可以准备对应于端子宽度或端子长度的必要最小限的导电粒子配置的图案。此外,FOG及COG作为一般的各向异性连接的说明而使用,电子部件未必局限于FPC、IC芯片、玻璃基板,如果是与之相类似的也可以进行置换。
<<导电粒子的排列>>
在本发明中导电粒子P的排列成为导电粒子P以既定导电粒子间距L1排列的第1轴A1以既定轴间距L3并排的排列,在图1所示的各向异性导电性膜1中,第1轴A1的导电粒子间距L1、轴间距L3及邻接的第1轴A1彼此中的最接近粒子间距离L2,如以下说明的那样相对于导电粒径D成为具有特定大小的格子状排列,进而,形成导电粒子P的格子状排列的主要的3个方向的格子轴A1、A2、A3与各向异性导电性膜的膜宽度方向斜交。
通过这样斜交,能够期待导电粒子P对端子3的捕捉数稳定的效果。当导电粒子P的格子轴(也称为排列轴)与矩形状的端子3的外形平行、即与膜的长边方向或短边方向平行时,在导电粒子P的排列存在于端子3的端部的情况下,会发生全部被捕捉或全部没有被捕捉这一极端现象。为了避免此情况,如果在粘合膜时进行位置调整,则关系到随时进行端子与膜内的导电粒子各自的位置确定等连接体的制造成本的增加。为了避免此情况,关键的是无论在膜内的任一场所对端子的捕捉数都不要产生极端的差异。因此,希望导电粒子P的排列轴A1、A2、A3与膜宽度方向(一般的各向异性连接中的矩形状端子的长边方向)斜交。
<导电粒子间距L1>
在设导电粒子P的平均粒径为D的情况下,关于第1轴A1上的导电粒子间距L1,从防止利用该各向异性导电性膜1来各向异性导电性连接第1电子部件的端子与第2电子部件的端子时的、相同部件内并排的端子间的短路、和第1、第2电子部件的对置的端子间的接合稳定性的方面考虑,以导电粒子的中心间距离设为1.5D以上。
第1轴A1上的导电粒子P既可以不用严格地处于一直线上,也可以在相对于轴间距L3充分小的宽度的带状的线内离散。该离散的带宽度以导电粒子的中心间距离优选小于导电粒径D的0.5倍。这会如上所述,具有对于端子端部使导电粒子的捕捉数稳定的效果。
如前述,最好使各向异性导电性膜1的膜宽度方向与端子3的长边方向匹配,因此在FOG连接的情况下,各向异性导电性膜1中的第1轴A1方向导电粒子间距L1的长度,能够最大设为大致与端子3的长边方向的长度(以下,称为端子长度)Lr相等。端子长度Lr通常为2000μm以下。另外,在使得对端子长度Lr2000μm配置3个导电粒子的情况下,优选使导电粒子间距L1小于1000D,特别是,从稳定的导通性能的方面考虑优选为221D以下。
另一方面,在COG连接的情况下,端子长度Lr通常为200μm以下,关于假设的端子宽度Lq假设对置的端子间的对准的偏移而最小设为3μm。在该情况下第1轴A1的端子3上的长度也可以最大设为大致与端子长度Lr相等,成为200μm以下。另外,在此处存在3个以上的导电粒子的情况下,优选使导电粒子间距L1小于100D,特别是从稳定的导通性能的方面考虑优选为22D以下,从第1轴A1的识别性的方面考虑更优选为10D以下。
此外,将导电粒子的排列轴之中粒子间距最小的排列轴设为第1轴A1,从而能够定义并设计成在后述的图12、图13等所示的排列方式中便于理解粒子排列的特征。
另外,第1轴A1的导电粒子间距L1在微小间距的情况下也可以不用严格为等间隔。另外在该情况下,例如,如图3A所示,作为第1轴间距,宽窄的间距L1a、L1b优选有规则地重复。因为如果在相同格子轴内间距上有规则的宽窄,则能相对提高存在端子的部位的导电粒子的个数密度,另外能够相对降低不存在端子的部位(凸点间空隙等)的导电粒子的个数密度。如果这样处理,提高向端子的捕捉数,并且便于回避短路风险。关于第2轴A2、第3轴A3中的导电粒子间距也同样。换言之,也可以至少使一个格子轴的轴间距的间隔规则地带有宽窄。
<轴间距L3>
如果考虑1条第1轴A1内的导电粒子的离散宽度0.5D,则第1轴A1的轴间距L3更加优选为大于2D。另外,在COG连接的情况下,从使导电粒子的捕捉数稳定的方面来说优选1个端子与3条以上第1轴A1的排列线相交。
另外,轴间距L3的上限能够根据导电粒子间距L1或连接对象进行适当选择。在FOG连接的情况下,由于端子长度充分大于导电粒径,所以能够捕捉在由一条第1轴A1的排列线的一部分确保导通上充分的导电粒子,因此进一步减小端子宽度即可,优选小于200D,更优选小于80D。
另一方面,如果假设IC芯片由TSV等堆积,则端子相当于最少φ30μm左右的焊料接合部,因此使3条以上第1轴A1的排列线在此相交,因而轴间距L3优选小于10D,更优选小于4D。
<L1与L3的关系>
导电粒子的配置设计成为至少在端子位置存在在导通稳定上充分的导电粒子数。具体而言,作为能得到的各向异性连接体,优选将导电粒子的配置设计成为在端子的宽度方向导电粒子为1~5列、优选为1~3列的、在端子长度的方向各列分别存在数个至20个左右。另外,捕捉到的导电粒子的列优选对于端子长度的方向不平行。因为通过使捕捉到的导电粒子的列对于端子长度的方向不平行,无论是在一个电子部件的端子列还是在不同电子部件的端子列中,都不会出现沿端子的长边方向延伸的端部中捕捉数极端偏颇的现象。若捕捉到的导电粒子的列与沿端子的长边方向延伸的端部平行,则有可能出现被捕捉时列的全部导电粒子被捕捉、没有被捕捉时列的全部导电粒子不会被捕捉这一极端现象。即,想要以一定质量以上生产各向异性连接体时,优选如上述那样设计。
若将连接的端子宽度小于30μm的情况设为微小间距、将30μm以上的情况设为正常间距,则在微小间距时一个端子宽度内存在1列的导电粒子排列即可,而端子宽度充分时使之存在3列以下在。
另外,如果为正常间距,则通过第1轴A1与膜宽度方向所成的角θ1、和第1轴A1上的导电粒子的粒子间距L1的设定,每一个端子能够由一条第1轴A1得到足够的导电粒子的捕捉,因此优选为L1<L3。相对于此,在微小间距的情况下,根据端子的尺寸(长度与宽度的比例)或端子间距离、端子的高度或端子表面的平滑性的程度等决定L3。
<邻接的第1轴A1彼此中的最接近粒子间距离L2>
邻接的第1轴A1彼此中的最接近粒子间距离L2,成为第1轴A1的轴间距L3以上。如上述,如果为了确保粒子间距离而使L3为1.5D以上,则L2也成为1.5D以上,从而能够回避短路风险。L2的最佳距离可由L1与L3的关系导出。
<三个格子轴相对于膜宽度的斜交>
本实施例的各向异性导电性膜1中,由第1轴A1中的任意导电粒子P0、和该第1轴A1中与导电粒子P0邻接的导电粒子P1、和与该第1轴A1邻接的第1轴上距离导电粒子P0处于最接近粒子间距离L2的导电粒子P2形成的3角形的各边的延长成为格子轴,关于这些格子轴,无论是通过导电粒子P0、P1的第1轴A1,还是通过导电粒子P0、P2的第2轴A2,还是通过导电粒子P1、P2的第3轴A3,都分别与各向异性导电性膜1的膜宽度方向斜交。由此,在各向异性导电性连接时的各向异性导电性膜1与端子3的对准中,即便在任意的方向上出现偏移,在端子3的边缘上导电粒子P也会整列为一列,能够消除该导电粒子P一下子从端子3脱离而对连接没有帮助这一问题。该效果在以各向异性导电性膜进行连接的端子3为微小间距的情况下较大。
此外,在端子3为正常间距的情况下相对于导电粒子间距L1能够充分地增大轴间距L3,随之能够由第1轴A1与膜宽度方向所成的角θ1、导电粒子间距L1、和轴间距L3表示导电粒子P的排列。这样通过由第1轴A1的角θ1、导电粒子间距L1、轴间距L3表示导电粒子P的排列,会容易进行将导电粒子的个数密度最小化时的设计。
另外,由于上述三个格子轴A1、A2、A3相对于膜宽度方向斜交,所以任何格子轴A1、A2、A3也无需与各向异性导电性膜的长边方向平行,能够兼顾各向异性连接的性能和生产性。
第1轴A1与膜宽度方向所成的角θ1、第2轴A2与膜宽度方向所成的角θ2、第3轴A3与膜宽度方向所成的角θ3的优选大小,根据连接的端子3的间距Lp、宽度Lq、长度Lr而有所不同。
关于第1轴A1与膜宽度方向所成的角θ1的上限的角θ1a,例如,FOG连接中假设的最大的端子间距Lp为400μm左右,导电粒子P的优选粒径D为2.5μm以上,因此若设L/S=1而使格子轴在1个端子宽度(200μm)以导电粒径(2.5μm)的量相对于膜长边方向倾斜,则在图1中以双点划线表示的那样,第1轴A1与膜宽度方向所成的上限的角θ1a成为ATAN(200/2.5)=1.558rad=89.29°。
COG连接中,1个芯片包含多个尺寸的端子。在该情况下,以最小的端子为基准进行设定。例如,在连接的芯片的端子宽度为4.5μm、端子长度为111μm时,第1轴A1与膜宽度方向所成的角θ1的下限的角度成为ATAN(4.5/111)=0.405rad=2.3°。
另外在COG连接的情况下,设计成为以在最小的端子上搭乘最低3条第1轴A1的方式,使第1轴A1与端子的长边方向斜交,并成为L1及L2中的导电粒子中心间距离满足导电粒径的1.5倍以上的条件。通过这样设计,第1轴上A1的导电粒子P不会成为膜的宽度方向的直线排列,而能够减少端子中的导电粒子的捕捉数的偏差。特别是在微小间距的情况下,如图1所示,关于沿膜的宽度方向邻接的导电粒子Pa、Pb、Pc,优选使膜宽度方向的切线Lb1、Lb2与导电粒子Pa、Pb重叠,即切线Lb1、Lb2贯穿导电粒子Pa、Pb的状态。
第1轴A1与膜宽度方向所成的角θ1,优选按照以各向异性导电性膜连接的端子间距Lp或端子长度等而设为如上述那样决定的角度以下,特别是从连接可靠性的方面考虑,在导电粒径为3μm以上的情况下优选为22°以上。
另外,通过导电粒子P0、和与该导电粒子P0处于最接近粒子间距离L2的导电粒子P2的第2轴A2与膜宽度方向所成的角θ2,从各向异性导电性膜与端子的对准上产生偏移的情况下也充分地捕捉导电粒子、另外各向异性导电性膜的制造的容易度的方面考虑,设为小于90°,优选为3°以上87°以下。
此外,上述角度θ1、θ2、θ3是连接前的各向异性导电性膜中的角度,各向异性连接后被端子捕捉的导电粒子中不一定维持该角度。例如,即便第1轴A1的排列与端子的长边方向所成的角度在连接前为θ1,连接后由端子捕捉的导电粒子的排列中也有从θ1偏移的,连接前平行并排的第1轴A1,在连接后的端子上并排的排列也不一定平行。
<排列的具体例>
本发明的各向异性导电性膜只要如上述那样第1轴A1、第2轴A2及第3轴A3与膜宽度方向斜交,就如以下所示那样能够采取各种排列。此外,在以下的例子中,导电粒子P的圆球度为90%以上,平均粒径D为3μm。
例如,图4所示的各向异性导电性膜1A,使导电粒子间距L1为6μm、最接近粒子间距离L2为6μm、轴间距L3为5.2μm、第1轴A1与膜宽度方向所成的角θ1为15°、第2轴A2与膜宽度方向所成的角θ2为45°、第3轴A3与膜宽度方向所成的角θ3为75°。该各向异性导电性膜1A中,导电粒子P排列成6方格子,三个格子轴A1、A2、A3均与各向异性导电性膜的膜宽度方向斜交。该各向异性导电性膜1A能够优选使用于COG的各向异性导电性连接。
图5所示的各向异性导电性膜1B相对于图4所示的各向异性导电性膜1A,使导电粒子的排列沿第1轴A1方向延伸。在该排列中,导电粒子间距L1为9μm,最接近粒子间距离L2为6.9μm,轴间距L3为5.2μm,第1轴A1与膜宽度方向所成的角θ1为15°,第2轴A2与膜宽度方向所成的角θ2为34°,第3轴A3与膜宽度方向所成的角θ3为64°。
该各向异性导电性膜1B能够优选使用于COG的各向异性导电性连接。
图6所示的各向异性导电性膜1C相对于图4所示的各向异性导电性膜1A,使导电粒子的排列沿与第1轴A1垂直的方向延伸。在该排列中,导电粒子间距L1为6μm,最接近粒子间距离L2为8μm,轴间距L3为7.4μm,第1轴A1与膜宽度方向所成的角θ1为15°,第2轴A2与膜宽度方向所成的角θ2为53°,第3轴A3与膜宽度方向所成的角θ3为83°。
该各向异性导电性膜1C能够优选使用于COG的各向异性导电性连接。
图7所示的各向异性导电性膜1D相对于图4所示的各向异性导电性膜1A,使第1轴A1与膜宽度方向所成的角θ1为6°。在该排列中,导电粒子间距L1为6μm,最接近粒子间距离L2为6μm,轴间距L3为5.2μm,第1轴A1与膜宽度方向所成的角θ1为6°,第2轴A2与膜宽度方向所成的角θ2为54°,第3轴A3与膜宽度方向所成的角θ3为66°。
该各向异性导电性膜1D能够优选使用于COG的各向异性导电性连接。
图11所示的各向异性导电性膜1E相对于上述各向异性导电性膜1A~1D,将导电粒子间距L1等扩大了20倍左右,具体而言,导电粒子间距L1为140μm,最接近粒子间距离L2为140μm,轴间距L3为121μm,第1轴A1与膜宽度方向所成的角θ1为16°,第2轴A2与膜宽度方向所成的角θ2为44°,第3轴A3与膜宽度方向所成的角θ3为76°。
该各向异性导电性膜1E能够优选使用于FOG的各向异性导电性连接。
图12所示的各向异性导电性膜1F相对于上述各向异性导电性膜1E,将导电粒子间距L1缩小到约1/5,具体而言,导电粒子间距L1为31μm,最接近粒子间距离L2为140μm,轴间距L3为140μm,第1轴A1与膜宽度方向所成的角θ1为44°,第2轴A2与膜宽度方向所成的角θ2为46°,第3轴A3与膜宽度方向所成的角θ3为59°。这样轴间距L3相对于粒子间距L1充分大的情况下,导电粒子的配置的设计上,视第2轴与膜宽度方向所成的角θ2和第3轴与膜宽度方向所成的角θ3相等,并规定第1轴和第3轴上的粒子配置即可。在该情况下从端子中的粒子捕捉性的方面考虑优选与膜宽度方向所成的角较小的轴为第1轴。
该各向异性导电性膜1F能够优选使用于FOG的各向异性导电性连接。
图13所示的各向异性导电性膜1G相对于上述各向异性导电性膜1F扩大了导电粒子间距L1,具体而言,导电粒子间距L1为70μm,最接近粒子间距离L2为140μm,轴间距L3为140μm,第1轴A1与膜宽度方向所成的角θ1为44°,第2轴A2与膜宽度方向所成的角θ2为46°,第3轴A3与膜宽度方向所成的角θ3为75°。
该各向异性导电性膜1G能够优选使用于FOG的各向异性导电性连接。
如上述,导电粒子的配置形状也可为6方格子或将它沿既定方向拉伸、或收缩的形状(图1、图4等),另外,在一个轴内导电粒子间距规则地改变也可(图3A)。进而,例如,如图3B所示,除了第1轴A1、第2轴A2、第3轴A3之外,作为新的排列轴增加导电粒子间距L4的第4轴A4也可。在图3B的方式中,第4轴A4与第1轴A1平行。同图中的导电粒子的配置也可以视为在以既定轴间距并排的第1轴A1之中,从处于既定间隔的轴(第4轴A4)中第1轴A1中的既定间隔的导电粒子的排列有规则地抽去导电粒子的配置。即,在本发明的各向异性导电性膜中,作为与第1轴、第2轴或第3轴相同方向的格子轴具有第4轴,第4轴也可为从与该第4轴相同方向的第1轴、第2轴或第3轴中的导电粒子的排列有规则地抽去导电粒子的排列这一粒子配置。在相同方向上粒子间距不同的第4轴与第1轴、第2轴或第3轴分别具有既定轴间距。仅仅较密地塞入导电粒子,导电粒子还会存在于对连接没有帮助的位置,会招致成本的增加,另外,仅仅高密度地塞满导电粒子,则因端子间距离而还成为短路发生的主要因素,但是有时通过从由第1轴A1、第2轴A2、第3轴A3组成的导电粒子的排列适当地抽去导电粒子而抑制成本增加,还能够减少短路的发生。
此外,作为导电粒子的排列方式,也可以使3角格子状的排列中一个排列轴方向的导电粒子以锯齿形(ジグサグ)排列。例如,在端子以交错格子状配置的情况下,能够使存在于端子间的导电粒子的数比较少。
<导电粒子的固定方法>
作为将导电粒子P以上述格子状排列配置并固定在绝缘粘接剂层2的方法,以机械加工或激光加工、光刻等公知的方法制作具有与导电粒子P的排列对应的凹部的模,向该模加入导电粒子,其上填充绝缘粘接剂层形成用组合物,通过从模取出而向绝缘粘接剂层转印导电粒子即可。根据这样的模,以刚性更低的材质制作模也可。
另外,为了在绝缘粘接剂层2以上述格子状排列配置导电粒子P,也可以为在绝缘粘接剂层形成组合物层上,设置以既定配置形成有贯通孔的部件,从其上供给导电粒子P,并通过贯通孔等的方法。
另外,也可以制作排列了导电粒子的大小程度的突起的片体,在突起的顶面形成微粘着层,使导电粒子附着在此处,并转印到绝缘粘接剂层。这样,关于本发明的各向异性导电性膜的制法无特别限定。
<层结构>
层结构能够采取各种形态。例如,将导电粒子配置在单层的绝缘粘接剂层上,并将该导电粒子压入绝缘粘接剂层内,从而使导电粒子存在于距离绝缘粘接剂层的界面一定的深度也可。
另外,即可为在将导电粒子配置在单层的绝缘粘接剂层上后,另行层压绝缘粘接剂层等而将绝缘树脂层做成2层结构,也可以重复它而做成3层以上的结构。第2层以后的绝缘粘接剂层是为了提高粘着(tack)性、或控制各向异性连接时的树脂及导电粒子的流动的目的而形成的。
为了固定导电粒子,也可以使绝缘粘接剂层形成用组合物含有光聚合性树脂及光聚合引发剂,光照射而使导电粒子固定。也可以采用各向异性连接时没有帮助的反应性树脂,利用在导电粒子的固定化、或上述转印。
<绝缘粘接剂层>
作为绝缘粘接剂层2,能够适当采用在公知的各向异性导电性膜中使用的绝缘性树脂层。例如,能够使用包含丙烯酸酯化合物和光自由基聚合引发剂的光自由基聚合型树脂层、包含丙烯酸酯化合物和热自由基聚合引发剂的热自由基聚合型树脂层、包含环氧化合物和热阳离子聚合引发剂的热阳离子聚合型树脂层、包含环氧化合物和热阴离子聚合引发剂的热阴离子聚合型树脂层等。这些树脂层根据需要而在绝缘粘接剂层2固定导电粒子P,因此能够设为分别聚合的树脂层。如在层结构中说明的那样,也可以由多个树脂层形成绝缘粘接剂层10。
另外,由于在绝缘粘接剂层2固定导电粒子P,所以对绝缘粘接剂层2,也可以根据需要配置硅石等的绝缘性填料。
绝缘性填料的大小优选10~2000nm,配合量优选为相对于形成绝缘粘接剂层2的树脂100质量份而言1~60质量份。
关于绝缘粘接剂层2的最低熔化粘度,无论是单层还是层叠体,整体的最低熔化粘度都优选为10~10000Pa·s。如果为该范围则能够在任意位置精密地固定导电粒子,且在各向异性连接中也不会造成影响。能够对应连接方法或连接的电子部件的多样化。此外,作为一个例子,最低熔化粘度能够采用旋转式流变仪(TA instrument公司制),并使用升温速度为10℃/分钟、测定压力恒定保持在5g、直径8mm的测定板而求出。
<连接构造体>
本发明的各向异性导电性膜能够优选适用于通过热或光来各向异性导电性连接FPC、IC芯片、IC模块等的第1电子部件和FPC、刚性基板、陶瓷基板、玻璃基板等的第2电子部件的时候。另外,也可以堆积IC芯片或IC模块并将第1电子部件彼此各向异性导电性连接。此外,以本发明的各向异性导电性膜进行连接的电子部件并不局限于这些。这样得到的连接构造体也是本发明的一部分。
作为使用各向异性导电性膜的电子部件的连接方法,从提高连接可靠性方面考虑,例如,优选将各向异性导电性膜的膜厚方向上导电粒子存在于附近的一侧的界面临时粘贴在布线基板等的第2电子部件,对于临时粘贴的各向异性导电性膜,搭载IC芯片等的第1电子部件,从第1电子部件侧进行热压接。另外,也可以利用光硬化来进行连接。
实施例
以下,基于实施例,具体地说明本发明。
实施例1、比较例1
1.各向异性导电性膜的制造
为了调查导电粒子的圆球度对各向异性导电性膜的导通特性产生的影响,制造了在表1所示的组成的绝缘粘接剂层以图4所示的排列配置同表所示的导电粒子的COG用各向异性导电性膜。
即,实施例1中,使用了圆球度90%以上的导电粒子(平均粒径3μm)。该导电粒子使用了以以下方法制作树脂芯并对它形成镀层的粒子。
(树脂芯的制作)
向调整了二乙烯基苯、苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯的混合比的水分散液,作为聚合引发剂加入过氧化苯甲酰并一边高速均匀搅拌一边进行加热,进行聚合反应而得到微粒子分散液。过滤所述微粒子分散液并减压干燥而得到微粒子的凝聚体即块体。进而,将所述块体粉碎/分级,从而作为树脂芯得到平均粒径3μm的二乙烯基苯类树脂粒子。关于粒子的硬度,调整二乙烯基苯、苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯的混合比而进行。
(镀层的形成)
通过浸渍法来使所得到的二乙烯基苯类树脂粒子(5g)保持钯催化剂。接着,对于该树脂粒子,利用由硫酸镍六水合物、次磷酸钠、柠檬酸钠、三乙醇胺及硝酸铊调制的非电解镀镍液(pH12、电镀液温50℃)进行非电解镀镍,制作了作为表面金属层具有镍镀层的镍包覆树脂粒子。
接着,将该镍包覆树脂粒子(12g)混合到向离子交换水1000mL溶解了氯化金酸钠10g的溶液中而调制了水性悬浊液。向所得到的水性悬浊液加入硫代硫酸铵15g、亚硫酸铵80g、及磷酸氢铵40g,从而调制了金电镀浴。在向得到的金电镀浴加入羟胺4g后,利用氨来将金电镀浴的pH调整到9,而且使浴温在60℃维持15~20分钟左右,从而制作了在镍镀层的表面形成金镀层的导电粒子。
比较例1中,使用了圆柱状导电性玻璃棒(平均长轴长4μm、平均短轴长3.9μm、圆球度小于0.8)。该圆柱状导电性玻璃棒是对导电性圆柱状玻璃粒子(PF-39SSSCA、日本电气硝子(株)、平均短轴长3.9μm、平均长轴长14μm)进行加压并切割、分级而得到的。圆球度小于70%。
另一方面,分别调制表1所示的组成的树脂组合物,将它涂敷到膜厚度50μm的PET膜上,利用80℃的烤箱干燥5分钟,在PET膜上以厚度15μm形成第1绝缘性树脂层,并以5μm形成第2绝缘性树脂层。
另外,制作具有与图4所示的粒子排列对应的凸部的排列图案的模具,使公知的透明性树脂的颗粒在熔化的状态下流入该模具,经冷却而固定,从而形成凹部为图4所示的排列图案的树脂模。
向该树脂模的凹部填充导电粒子,其上覆盖上述第2绝缘性树脂层,在60℃、0.5MPa下进行按压从而粘着。而且,从模剥离绝缘性树脂,在第2绝缘性树脂层的存在导电粒子的一侧的界面,在60℃、0.5MPa下层叠第1绝缘性树脂层,从而制造了实施例1及比较例1的各向异性导电性膜。
2.评价
对利用以实施例1及比较例1制造的各向异性导电性膜进行COG连接的情况下的(a)初始导通电阻、(b)压痕、(c)导电粒子捕捉性,如以下那样进行了评价。将结果示于表1中。
(a)初始导通电阻
作为COG连接的电子部件,使用了以下的评价用IC和玻璃基板。
评价用IC
IC外形:1.8mm×20mm×0.2mm
金凸点:15μm(高)×15μm(宽)×100μm(长)
(凸点间间隙(空隙)15μm)
玻璃基板
玻璃材质 康宁公司制
外形 30×50mm
厚度  0.5mm
端子  ITO布线
将实施例1及比较例1的各向异性导电性膜夹在评价用IC与玻璃基板之间,经加热加压(180℃、80MPa、5秒)而得到各评价用连接物。在该情况下,使各向异性导电性膜的长边方向和端子的短边方向匹配。
利用数字万用表(34401A、AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES株式会社制),以4端子法(JISK7194)测定评价用连接物的导通电阻。如果为2Ω以下则实际使用上没有问题。
(b)压痕
从玻璃基板侧以金属显微镜观察(a)中得到的评价用连接物,对于被端子捕捉的导电粒子200个调查压垮或破碎的状态,算出压垮率成为120%以上(导电粒子的面积成为连接前的120%以上的)的导电粒子个数相对于导电粒子的全部个数的比例。其结果,在实施例1中为90%以上。此外,比较例1的压垮率以圆柱的平均短轴长为平均粒径而求出,但是,即便为分级后的粒子也因为是破碎物而难以确认状态,推定为小于40%。
另外,关于在端子间压垮的导电粒子,以下式算出的压缩率在实施例1中导电粒子个数的90%以上处于70%到80%的范围,但是比较例1中由于破碎状态不均匀而没有特别求出压缩率。
压缩率={(截面观察的被夹持的导电粒子的高度)/(处于端子间的导电粒子的平均粒径)}×100
实施例1中能够容易识别各个导电粒子的压痕,通过连接后的压痕及粒子的截面形状能够比比较例1更加容易评价连接状态。由此,可知如果导电粒子为圆球则能够容易确认连接状态的良否。
(c)粒子捕捉性
作为评价用IC,准备(a)中使用的凸点宽度15μm、凸点间间隙15μm、凸点长度100μm的IC,利用倒装式接合机FC1000(TORAY ENGINEERING(株)),以使凸点宽度15μm成为连接的区域的方式一边对准一边搭载IC,从而得到评价用连接物(有效凸点宽度15μm)。同样地,以使凸点宽度5μm成为连接的区域的方式有意地错开对准而搭载IC(有效凸点宽度5μm),从而得到评价用连接物。通过从玻璃面的压痕的观察来调查各个中的导电粒子的捕捉数,按以下的基准进行了评价。如果为C以上则实际使用上没有问题。
A:10个以上
B:5个以上、小于10个
C:3个以上、小于5个
D:小于3个
[表1]
(*1)新日铁住金(株)、YP-50(热塑性树脂)
(*2)三菱化学(株)、jER828(热硬化性树脂)
(*3)三新化学工业(株)、SI-60L(潜伏性硬化剂)
(*4)AEROSIL RX300(日本AEROSIL(株)公司制)
此外,在比较例1及实施例1的各向异性导电性膜的制造工序中向模填充导电粒子时,实施例1的操作时间远快于比较例1。另外,与比较例1相比,实施例1更能顺利地进行导电粒子对模的填充,且能够作为各向异性导电性膜而使用的膜面积特别大。即,关于作为各向异性导电性膜的成品率,实施例1特别良好。
实施例2~7、比较例2~5
为了调查导电粒子的排列对导通特性造成的影响,除了将导电粒子的排列如表2所示那样变更以外,与实施例1同样地制造了实施例2~7及比较例2~5的COG用的各向异性导电性膜。此外,各实施例及比较例的导电粒子的排列图案如图所示。
利用得到的各向异性导电性膜制作评价用连接物,与实施例1同样地评价其(a)初始导通电阻、(b)压痕、(c)粒子捕捉性。另外,如以下那样评价了(d)导通可靠性、(e)短路发生率。
将这些结果与实施例1及比较例1的结果一并示于表2。
(d)导通可靠性
与2(a)同样地测定了将与实施例1的2(a)同样地制作的评价用连接物置于温度85℃、湿度85%RH的恒温槽中500小时后的导通电阻。若该导通电阻为5Ω以上,则从连接的电子部件的实用上的导通稳定性的方面考虑并不优选。
(e)短路发生率
作为短路发生率的评价用IC准备了以下的IC(7.5μm空隙的梳齿TEG(test elementgroup))。
外形 1.5×13mm
厚度 0.5mm
凸点规格 镀金、高度15μm、尺寸25×140μm、凸点间距离7.5μm
将各向异性导电性膜夹在短路发生率的评价用IC和与该评价用IC对应的图案的玻璃基板之间,在与(a)同样的连接条件下加热加压而得到连接物,并求出该连接物的短路发生率。短路发生率以“短路的发生数/7.5μm空隙总数”算出。算出的短路发生率小于50ppm即可,而50ppm以上为NG。
[表2]
由表2得到在导电粒子的排列的第1轴与膜宽度方向平行的比较例2中导电粒子的捕捉性差,但是实施例的各向异性导电性膜中全都良好的评价。比较例2、3的有效凸点宽度为5μm中的捕捉数的评价中,在上述表中为实际使用上没有问题的C评价,但是出现了越增加N数越变为D评价的倾向(其他结果中没有特别的倾向性变化)。因此,虽然判定为实际使用上没有问题的C评价,但是这些记载为比较例。比较例2、3中的、越增加N数越变为D评价的倾向认为是因为膜的粘合中发生微小的偏移而产生的倾向。即,推测为导电粒子的排列全都在膜的长边方向或短边(宽度)方向上倾斜的才容易得到性能稳定的各向异性连接体。另外,实施例中尽管导电粒子的个数密度为16000个/mm2,但不管是导通特性还是粒子捕捉性都良好,但是比较例中,同数的个数密度下有效凸点宽度窄到5μm时捕捉性为NG。
实施例8~10
为了调查导电粒子的排列对导通特性造成的影响,除了将导电粒子的排列如表3所示那样变更以外,与实施例1同样地制造了实施例8~10的FOG用的各向异性导电性膜。
在该情况下,作为连接用评价物,使用了将以下的评价用柔性布线板和玻璃基板以有效安装面积率100%或80%连接(180℃、80MPa、5秒)的物体。
在此,作为连接用评价物,有效安装面积率100%是指柔性布线板与玻璃基板的对准没有偏移宽度或2%以内,80%是指偏移宽度为20%。
评价用柔性布线板(FPC)
S/R PI类、PI 38μmt-S’ perflex基体材料
布线长度 2mm(使用工具1mm宽度)
布线宽度 200μm
1个端子的安装面积0.2mm2
布线间隔 200μm
凸点高度 8μm(Cu 8μmt-Sn镀层)
玻璃基板 康宁公司制
外形 30×50mm
厚度 0.5mm
端子 ITO布线
与实施例1同样地评价所得到的评价用连接物的(a)初始导通电阻、(b)压痕,并与实施例2同样地评价了(d)导通可靠性、(e)短路发生率。另外,针对有效安装面积100%的连接评价物,计测凸点100个中的导电粒子捕捉数,求出1个凸点中的平均粒子捕捉数(导电粒子捕捉数Ave)。
将这些结果示于表3。
[表3]
接着将FPC及工具宽度变更为以下的内容,利用实施例8、9、10的各向异性导电性膜进行连接及评价。将结果示于表4。
评价用柔性布线板(FPC)
S/R PI类、PI 38μmt-S’ perflex基体材料
布线长度 2mm(使用工具2mm宽度)
布线宽度 36μm
1个端子的安装面积 0.072mm2
布线间隔 200μm
凸点高度 8μm(Cu 8μmt-Sn镀层)
[表4]
由表3及表4可知在FOG的情况下,如果每一个端子的导电粒子的捕捉数为3以上则在导通特性上不会有问题。
标号说明
1、1A、1B、1C、1D、1E、1F、1G各向异性导电性膜;2绝缘粘接剂层;3端子;A1第1轴;A2第2轴;A3第3轴;D导电粒径;L1导电粒子间距;L2邻接的第1轴彼此中的最接近粒子间距离;L3轴间距;Lp端子间距;Lq端子宽度;Lr端子长度;P导电粒子。

Claims (9)

1.一种各向异性导电性膜,包含绝缘粘接剂层、和配置在该绝缘粘接剂层的导电粒子,具有导电粒子以既定粒子间距排列的第1轴以既定轴间距并排的导电粒子的排列,
导电粒子为大致圆球,
在设导电粒子的平均粒径为D的情况下,第1轴上的导电粒子间距L1为1.5D以上、第1轴的轴间距L3为1.5D以上,
由第1轴上的任意的导电粒子P0、在该第1轴中与导电粒子P0邻接的导电粒子P1、与该第1轴邻接的第1轴上与导电粒子P0最接近的导电粒子P2形成的3角形的各边的方向,与各向异性导电性膜的膜宽度方向斜交。
2.如权利要求1所述的各向异性导电性膜,其中,导电粒子以下式算出的圆球度为70~100,
圆球度={1-(So-Si)/So}×100
(式中,So为导电粒子的平面图像中的该导电粒子的外接圆的面积,
Si是导电粒子的平面图像中的该导电粒子的内接圆的面积)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的各向异性导电性膜,其中,各向异性导电性膜的膜长度相对于膜宽度的比为5000以上。
4.如权利要求1~3的任一项所述的各向异性导电性膜,其中,导电粒子沿所述3角形的各边的方向排列。
5.如权利要求1~4的任一项所述的各向异性导电性膜,其中,将粒子间距最小的排列轴设为第1轴。
6.如权利要求1~5的任一项所述的各向异性导电性膜,其中,导电粒子沿3角形的各边的方向排列,在将由各边的延长构成为格子轴设为第1轴、第2轴、第3轴的情况下,至少一个格子轴内的粒子间距由宽窄的间距有规则地重复的间距构成。
7.如权利要求1~6的任一项所述的各向异性导电性膜,其中,导电粒子沿3角形的各边的方向排列,在将由各边的延长构成的格子轴设为第1轴、第2轴、第3轴的情况下,至少一个格子轴的轴间距规则地具有宽窄。
8.如权利要求1~7的任一项所述的各向异性导电性膜,其中,导电粒子沿3角形的各边的方向排列,在将由各边的延长构成的格子轴设为第1轴、第2轴、第3轴的情况下,作为与第1轴、第2轴或第3轴相同方向的格子轴具有第4轴,第4轴具有从与该第4轴相同方向的第1轴、第2轴或第3轴上的导电粒子的排列有规则地抽去导电粒子的排列。
9.一种连接构造体,以权利要求1~8的任一项所述的各向异性导电性膜各向异性导电性连接第1电子部件和第2电子部件。
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