CN106164947A - 用于递送邮递物的装置 - Google Patents

用于递送邮递物的装置 Download PDF

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CN106164947A
CN106164947A CN201580019278.6A CN201580019278A CN106164947A CN 106164947 A CN106164947 A CN 106164947A CN 201580019278 A CN201580019278 A CN 201580019278A CN 106164947 A CN106164947 A CN 106164947A
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thing
delivery
conveying arrangement
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postal
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CN106164947B (zh
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托马斯·奥格尔维
马托伊斯·普鲁斯科
拉明·本茨
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种装置，所述装置具有用于递送邮递物(2)的无人操作的运输装置(1)和递送装置(4)，其中递送装置(4)设计为，分别以通过递送装置引导的方式将邮递物(2)从无人操作的运输装置(1)下降到接纳容器(3)上、从接纳容器(3)升起到运输装置(1)和/或在运输装置(1)与接纳容器(3)之间递送。

Description

用于递送邮递物的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有用于递送邮递物的无人操作的运输装置以及递送装置的装置。此外，本发明还涉及一种用于在无人操作的运输装置与接纳容器之间递送邮递物的方法。
背景技术
随着货物运输，例如通过载重汽车运输或通过经由水路或空路的集装箱运输以及在例如电子商务和在线邮购服务的使用中包裹的运输而进行的普通货物及集装货物运输的增加，运输货物的数量并且在此尤其是包裹邮递物的数量显著增加。当能够无关于常规的商铺营业时间进行订购时，订单却必须还是作为邮递物通过传统的递送方法递送到客户处，例如通过邮递员或者在包裹递送的情况下通过发动机驱动的递送车。通常一天只进行一次将邮递物递送到订购者的尝试。
如果顾客在尝试递送时不在场，也即，例如顾客作为在职人员而在工作中，由此或者尝试再一次递送该邮递物，或者为了让该顾客提取而将该邮递物存放在邮递公司的一个分店中。长期以来，一直存在这样的可能性，即，将邮递物递送到收集点，例如自助包裹机，也即DHL包裹站或者亚马逊寄存柜。尽管如此这些收集点却并非直接位于收件人的住址附近，并且因此并非处于收件人的直接支配区域(Verfügungsbereich)内。
因此最近采取了这样的尝试，即，借助于无人操作的运输装置来递送邮递物，无人操作的运输装置例如为无人操作的飞行器，也称为包裹飞机、能够飞行的运输器或者无人机。在这些尝试中，通常设置了布置在接收人的直接支配区域内的、用于容纳邮递物的接纳容器，在该接纳容器处无人操作的飞行器能够递送邮递物或者使无人操作的飞行器从该接纳容器处提取邮递物。在邮递物已经通过无人操作的飞行器递送到接纳容器处之后，接收人能够从接纳容器取出该邮递物，该接纳容器例如置于接收人的房屋的前院中。
然而，在前述的这些尝试中却证实出，将邮递物从无人操作的飞行器递送到接纳容器是特别困难的。因此存在的第一个挑战在于，使无人操作的飞行器目标精确地在接纳容器上降落，由此能够接下来递送该邮递物。邮递物从无人操纵的飞行器到接纳容器上的“抛下”证实为不实际的，因为由此通常会将邮递物中所包含的易碎的货品损坏。在其他情况下，由于地理上的或结构上的条件，无人操作的飞行器不能够在接纳容器上降落，从而使邮递物必须例如以在接纳容器旁降落的无人操作的飞行器与接纳容器之间超过2m的距离的方式递送。除了无人操作的飞行器以外，还存在其他无人操作的运输装置，像是自控的车辆或船舶，其中出现类似的问题。总之，由此使邮递物经无人操作的运输装置与接纳容器之间所谓的“最后一米”(“last meter”)的递送成为了不可忽视的问题。
发明内容
从这种情况出发，本发明的目的在于，提出一种可能性，即，怎样以可靠的方式将邮递物递送到接纳容器，也就是特别以这种方式，即，邮递物的内容在经“最后一米”递送的过程中保持不受损坏。
该目的通过独立权利要求的特征而达到，有利的设计方案在从属权利要求中给出。
因此，该目的通过一种具有用于递送邮递物的无人操作的运输装置以及递送装置的装置而达到，其中递送装置设计为，分别以通过递送装置来引导的方式将邮递物从无人操作的运输装置下降到接纳容器、从接纳容器升起到运输装置和/或在运输装置与接纳容器之间递送。
本发明的一个重点因此在于，邮递物并非由无人操作的运输装置“抛落”，而是替代地通过递送装置在递送期间引导。这意味着，在邮递物下降、升起和/或递送期间、由于递送装置的该设计方案，分别通过递送装置在自身相对于运输装置和/或接纳容器的位置上并且优选地专注地引导。相反地，如果例如无人操作的飞行器以无人操作的运输装置的形式飞向接纳容器并且以一米的距离停留在接纳容器的上方，那么通过邮递物从飞行器到接纳容器的抛落，则不能够实现任何通过递送装置进行的对于邮递物的专注的引导。
借助于所建议的装置，因此能够以安全的方式将作为邮递物的易碎货品在无人操作的运输装置与接纳容器之间递送，也即特别是通过邮递物的降落或升起而递送，而不会就此担心邮递物损坏。因此特别可能的是，使日常需要的易碎货品、像是鸡蛋或者酸奶借助于无人操作的运输装置以不损坏的形式无关于商铺营业时间地递送到订购者或者接收者。
邮递物能够原则上任意地设计，也即例如以邮件、包裹、挂号件、信件或者其他可运送的货品的形式，并且能够例如设置在容器、箱子和/或盒子中。接纳容器优选地设置在邮递物的接收者或订购者的直接支配区域内，因此例如设置在房屋的前院和/或房屋的房顶上，从而在无人操作的飞行器作为运输装置的情况下，能够以特别简单的方式通过运输装置飞至接纳容器。更优选地，当运输装置与接纳容器之间的距离小于5m、3m、2m、1m、0.5m或0.25m时或者当运输装置与接纳容器接触贴靠时(例如当无人操作的飞行器的情况下，飞行器在接纳容器上降落)，因此进行邮递物的下降、升起和/或在运输装置与接纳容器之间的递送。更优选地，以例如1m/s、0.5m/s、0.2m/s或0.1m/s的稳定的速度进行所述下降、升起和/或递送。
原则上存在对于递送装置的设计的不同可能性。然而根据一种优选的扩展方案设置为，使递送装置以能够在高度上和/或水平上变化的升降台的形式、也即特别是以剪式升降台的形式、以能够在高度上和/或水平上变化的电梯的形式、以能够在高度上和/或水平上变化的平台的形式、以能够在高度上和/或水平上变化的抓取臂的形式、以绞盘的形式而设计和/或以自动移动的形式而设计。优选地，前述的装置经至少0.2m、0.5m、1m、2m或5m的距离而能够在高度上和/或水平上变化，这些装置一方面能够与运输装置固定地连接和/或与接纳容器连接。同样可能的是，使运输装置与接纳容器都示例性地具有抓取臂。抓取臂进一步优选地设计用于多个邮递物的分类并且以在x向和y向移动的结构件的方式设置在设计为可飞行的运输装置的下方。进一步优选地，抓取臂通过机械的、液压的和/或气压的装置设计为在前述的多个方向上可移动的。
如果在可飞行的运输器的情况下运输器以无人操作的运输装置的形式在设计为箱子的接纳容器上降落、由此通过运输器的滑板接触该箱子，那么在一种示例性的设计方案中，该升降台能够一直驶向邮递物到这样的高度，即，直到升降台的表面与固定在运输器的下方的邮递物产生接触。如果邮递物由此从该飞行器上释放，那么相对于从现有技术中已知的设计方案而言，免除了使邮递物从运输器落到接纳容器上。升降台能够接下来离开该运输器一直降落到接纳容器，从而后来例如能够将邮递物存放在接纳容器的内部空间中以用于通过订购人来提取。
然而只要是无人操作的运输装置设计为为了递交邮递物已经移动到距离接纳容器例如小于一米的较小距离的自行驶的车辆，递送装置为了递送邮递物而实施在水平方向上的运动。一方面，为此能够示例性地使该递送装置以水平上可变化的平台的形式而设计，该平台为了递送邮递物而示例性地设计为水平上可变化的平台、在水平方向上移动的接纳容器。在递送装置的自动移动的设计方案的情况下优选为，使递送装置自控地、自主移动地和/或自主地在运输装置与接纳容器之间的用于递送邮递物的区域内移动。在此情况下，递送装置能够具有驱动装置和轮子或者类似的装置。
在绞盘的情况下，绞盘优选地这样设置在可飞行的运输器，该运输器或者在飞行器在接纳容器上的降落中或者在飞行期间借助于绞盘将邮递物一直吊下到接纳容器和/或从接纳容器拉起到运输器。前述的递送装置的设计方案在每种情况下构成了技术装置，借助于该技术装置能够实现在运输装置与接纳容器之间对于邮递物的引导的递送，其中在递送期间，邮递物优选地接触贴靠在相应的装置上。进一步优选地，升降台、电梯、平台、抓取臂和/或绞盘分别具有抓取装置，借助于这些抓取装置能够将邮递物固定在抓取装置上，由此邮递物在递送期间不会以不期望的方式掉落或者从递送装置滑脱。
按照另一种优选的设计方案，该递送装置设置在运输装置上并且递送装置以抽吸装置的形式设计用于抽吸邮递物以及用于将邮递物下降和/或升起。优选地，抽吸装置以吸尘器或者类似的装置的形式而这样设计，即，该装置一方面由于通过抽吸装置产生的低压而通过抽吸装置来例如从降落在接纳容器上的可飞行的运输器抽吸邮递物并且由此以引导的方式将该邮递物下降或升起。通过这类借助于抽吸装置实现的“吸嘴功能”，能够宜特别可靠并且可控的方式在运输装置与接纳容器之间递送邮递物。
根据另一种优选的设计方案，递送装置具有引导装置，其设计用于在邮递物的下降、升起和/或递送期间引导邮递物。引导装置能够通过轨道而设计，通过该轨道在递送期间引导邮递物并且不能够意外地掉落。同样地，引导装置能够以夹子的形式或者以在邮递物的下降、升起或递送期间用于固定邮递物的固定装置的形式而设计。通过引导装置达到了，在递送期间邮递物分别保持在限定的或者要求的位置上并且不能由于不期望的掉落或者滑脱而损坏该邮递物。
根据另一种优选的扩展方式，装置具有接纳容器，其中该接纳容器具有容器内腔以及可封闭的开口，穿过该开口借助于递送装置在运输装置与接纳容器之间能够递送邮递物，其中递送装置这样设置在容器内腔中并且这样设计，即，递送装置在开口封闭的情况下设置在容器内腔内部并且为了邮递物的递送而能够穿过打开的开口而延伸。通过该设计方案，递送装置以防止天气影响的方式而设置在容器内腔内部。
更优选地，接纳容器具有接近传感器和/或通信装置，该通信装置与运输装置产生通信连接。只要是通过接纳容器确定了运输装置为了递送邮递物而接近接纳容器(例如通过接收无线的和/或有线的通知)，优选地打开开口，由此能够借助于递送装置通过开口进行邮递物的递送。递送邮递物这个概念就此而言与升起或降低相同意义地理解。
原则上，邮递物能够通过运输装置而以并不针对于天气影响进行防护的方式来运输，也即例如通过抓取装置而固定在可飞行的运输装置上。根据一种特别优选的设计方案，运输装置具有容纳装置，也即特别是盒子和/或箱子，以用于容纳邮递物，其中递送装置设计用于将邮递物递送到接纳容器中和/或从接纳容器中递送邮递物。优选地，容纳装置设计为由耐候性的、防水的和/或抗冲击性的材料组成，这提供的优点在于，在借助于运输装置运输期间例如针对通过雨水的损坏而保护在容纳装置中运输的邮递物。进一步优选地，使容纳装置设计为由聚苯乙烯或其他硬质泡沫塑料组成，这由于较小的重量而在可飞行的运输装置的情况下是有利的。
容纳装置更优选地设计为能够关闭的，也即例如以两件式的形式设计为带有能够关闭箱子的盖的箱子。更优选地，递送装置设计为，将邮递物递送到容纳装置的内腔之中，例如通过下降或升起和/或从容纳装置的内腔将邮递物取出。根据一种额外的设计方案，容纳装置具有至少两个用于分别容纳至少一个邮递物的层和/或腔室并且在所有层和/或腔室内设置用于递送邮递物的递送装置。该设计方案的好处在于，将多个邮递物容纳在容纳装置中并且能够同时通过运输装置运输。通过递送装置能够取出相应的邮递物并且将其递送到接纳容器。运输装置作为无人操作的可飞行的运输器能够这样设计为相继地飞向多个接纳容器，并且在接纳容器处分别通过借助于递送装置的递送而接纳和/或给出邮递物，这些邮递物随后在接纳容器的内部在相应的层或腔室内接收或取出。
根据另一种优选的设计方案，在运输装置处这样设置并设计容纳装置，即，使具有容纳装置的设计为可飞行的运输装置(特别以接触的方式)能够在接纳容器上降落。以这种方式，容纳装置与接纳容器间接接触，这进一步简化了借助于递送装置对邮递物的递送，因为相比于为了递送邮递物而例如使设计为可飞行的运输装置并不在接纳容器上降落而是替代性地以1m的距离在接纳容器的上方飞行停留的情况，邮递物通过运输装置与接纳容器之间明显较小的距离而递送。
根据一种特别优选的设计方案，无人操作的运输装置以飞行器、特别是飞机的形式、以UAV(作为英语缩写的unmanned,uninhabited或unpiloted aerial vehicle)的形式、以包裹飞机的形式、以无人机的形式、以车辆(即自控的车辆)的形式和/或以漂浮物的形式而设计。为了列举出一些可能性，无人操纵的飞行器或UAV的可能的表现形式可以是直升机、多旋翼飞行器(例如四轴飞行器或倾斜翼飞机)。当在本发明的范围内提及飞行器或无人机时，也同样意味着如上述的所有可能的表现形式以及UAV等。
进一步优选地，无人操纵的运输装置具有机械的和/或在下文中称作“智能机”的信息技术的属性，这些属性使无人操作的运输装置能够自主地到达接纳容器。智能机能够以微处理器、控制装置和/或可存储编程的控制装置的形式而设计，从而优选地实现运输装置的自主的行为。此外运输装置能够具有多个传感器，这些传感器为了对环境信号进行解释而实现了光学的、声学的、气味的和/或基于数字信号的识别和/或具有机械组件，这些组件包含为了在向接纳容器或远离接纳容器的空间内自主的移动以及为了递送和/或接收邮递物而必需的组件。最后，该运输装置能够具有通信装置，以便于与中央的服务器装置和/或接纳容器进行通信连接。
接纳容器能够原则上任意地设计，并且优选地具有壳体，其中在该壳体上设置一个门或多个门，通过门而使邮递物的接收者或订购者能够够到邮递物和/或为了通过运输装置进行提取而可以将邮递物存放在接纳容器中。然而特别优选地，接纳容器以用于容纳邮递物的信箱、包裹箱、包裹信箱和/或包裹站的形式而设计。
根据另一种优选的设计方案，递送装置设置在运输装置上，其中递送装置具有用于通过个人对邮递物递送进行确认的电子的确认装置，并且该确认装置这样设置在递送装置上，即，该确认装置能够从运输装置下降离开和/或能升起到该运输装置。该确认装置优选地以触摸式控制板的形式而设计，从而使个人、优选邮递物的订购者或接收者能够以简单的方式通过签名而确定或确认邮递物的接收。
本发明的目的另外通过一种用于在无人操作的运输装置与接纳容器之间递送邮递物的方法，该方法具有步骤：
-以通过递送装置引导的方式将邮递物从无人操作的运输装置下降到接纳容器，
-以通过递送装置引导的方式将邮递物在无人操作的运输装置与接纳容器之间递送，和/或
-以通过递送装置引导的方式将邮递物从接纳容器提升到运输装置。
通过所建议的方法，能够将在无人操作的运输装置与接纳容器之间邮递物的递送以特别简单的方式这样设计，即，在整个递送期间通过递送装置引导邮递物并且就此而言使其不会意外掉落并且由此造成损坏。
对于专业人员而言能以与前述的装置类似的方式得出本方法的有利的设计方案。
附图说明
在下文中，根据优选的实施方式参照附图来说明本发明。其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的优选的实施例的装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的优选的实施例的装置的示意图，该装置具有无人操作的运输装置1，该运输装置当前以可飞行的运输器的形式、即以无人机或包裹飞机的形式设计。该运输装置1设置用于将邮递物2(在此为包裹邮递物)递送到在此设计为包裹箱的接纳容器3上。
为了递送邮递物2设置了递送装置4，该递送装置根据当前的实施例设置在运输装置1上。递送装置4设计为，通过从运输装置1下降到接纳容器3而将邮递物2递送到接纳容器3，其中在递送期间通过递送装置4来引导邮递物2。为了引导而设有设计为轨道的引导装置5，该引导装置在邮递物2从运输装置1下降到接纳容器3的期间，以接触的方式沿着引导装置5来引导邮递物2。
递送装置4就此以抓取臂的形式而设计，该抓取臂在可飞行的运输器1的下方的由x轴和y轴组成的结构件上设置并且能够这样在x向和y向上移动。抓取臂4能够借助于机械液压的驱动装置通过绞盘在z向上移动，也即是一方面向接纳容器3以及另一方面向运输装置1的方向移动。这样设计，即，使邮递物2能够从运输装置1下降到接纳容器3，由此通过接纳容器3的可关闭的开口6在接纳容器3的容器内腔7中存放邮递物。
此外，运输装置4具有容纳装置8，该容纳装置就此以用于容纳邮递物2的盒子的形式而设计，从而在借助于运输装置1运输的期间针对于天气影响来保护邮递物2。在容纳装置8内，设置多个层9或腔室9，从而能够在容纳装置8中输送不同大小的多个邮递物2。容纳装置8的尺寸这样选择，即，具有容纳装置8的可飞行的运输器1能够在接纳容器3上降落，其中接纳容器8在纵向上比x和y轴结构件以及固定在容纳装置8上的抓取臂4更短。
最后，递送装置4还具有一个设计为触摸控制板的确认装置10，从而接收者或订购者能够借助于签名在触摸控制板上对邮递物2的接收进行确认。确认装置10能够从运输装置4离开下降或者升起到运输装置4。
附图标记说明
1 运输装置
2 邮递物
3 接纳容器
4 递送装置
5 引导装置
6 开口
7 容器内腔
8 容纳装置
9 层、腔室
10 确认装置

Claims (12)

1.一种具有用于递送邮递物(2)的无人操作的运输装置(1)以及递送装置(4)的装置，其中
所述递送装置(4)设计为，分别以通过递送装置(4)引导的方式将邮递物(2)从无人操作的运输装置(1)下降到接纳容器(3)上、从接纳容器(3)升起到运输装置(1)和/或在运输装置(1)与接纳容器(3)之间递送。
2.根据上条权利要求所述的装置，其中所述递送装置(4)以能够在高度上和/或水平上变化的升降台(4)的形式、以能够在高度上和/或水平上变化的电梯(4)的形式、以能够在高度上和/或水平上变化的平台(4)的形式、以能够在高度上和/或水平上变化的抓取臂(4)的形式、以绞盘(4)的形式而设计和/或以自动移动的形式而设计。
3.根据上述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置，其中所述递送装置(4)设置在所述运输装置(1)上并且所述递送装置(4)以用于抽吸以及用于下降和/或升起邮递物(2)的抽吸装置(4)的形式而设计。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置，其中所述递送装置(4)具有设计用于在邮递物(2)下降、升起和/或递送期间引导邮递物(2)的引导装置(5)。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置，所述装置具有接纳容器(3)，其中所述接纳容器(3)具有容器内腔(7)和能够关闭的开口(6)，穿过所述开口借助于递送装置(4)在运输装置(1)与接纳容器(3)之间能够递送邮递物(2)，其中递送装置(4)这样设置在容器内腔()中并且这样设计，即，递送装置(4)在开口(6)封闭的情况下设置在容器内腔(7)的内部并且为了邮递物(2)的递送而能够穿过打开的开口(6)而延伸。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置，其中所述运输装置(4)具有用于容纳邮递物(2)的容纳装置(8)、特别是盒子和/或箱子，并且递送装置(4)设计用于将邮递物(2)递送到容纳装置中和/或从容纳装置(8)递送邮递物。
7.根据前一条权利要求所述的装置，其中容纳装置(8)具有至少两个分别用于容纳至少一个邮递物(2)的层(9)和/或腔室(9)，并且递送装置(4)设计用于将邮递物(2)递送到所有层(9)和/或腔室(9)中。
8.根据前两条权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置，其中所述容纳装置(8)这样设置在运输装置(1)上并且设计为能够飞行的，即，具有容纳装置(8)的运输装置(1)特别以接触的方式在接纳容器(3)上降落。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置，其中无人操作的运输装置(1)以飞行器的形式、特别是以飞机的形式、以UAV的形式、以无人机的形式、以包裹飞机的形式、以直升机的形式、以多旋翼飞行器的形式、以四轴飞行器的形式、以倾斜翼飞机的形式、以车辆的形式或者以漂浮物的形式而设计。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置，所述装置具有接纳容器(3)，其中所述接纳容器(3)以用于容纳邮递物(2)的信箱、包裹箱、包裹信箱和/或包裹站的形式而设计。
11.根据前述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置，其中所述递送装置(4)设置在运输装置(1)上并且递送装置(4)具有用于通过个人对于邮递物(2)的递送进行确认的电子的确认装置(10)，其中确认装置(10)这样设置在递送装置(4)上，即，确认装置(10)能够从运输装置(1)下降离开和/或能够升起到运输装置(1)。
12.一种用于在无人操作的运输装置(1)与接纳容器(3)之间递送邮递物(2)的方法，所述方法包括步骤：
-以通过递送装置(4)引导的方式将邮递物(3)从无人操作的运输装置(1)下降到接纳容器(3)，
-以通过递送装置(4)引导的方式将邮递物(2)在无人操作的运输装置(1)与接纳容器(3)之间递送，和/或
-以通过递送装置(1)引导的方式将邮递物(2)从接纳容器(3)提升到运输装置(1)。
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