CN105557261A - Method for cultivating smallanthus sonchifolius - Google Patents
Method for cultivating smallanthus sonchifolius Download PDFInfo
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- CN105557261A CN105557261A CN201510957381.7A CN201510957381A CN105557261A CN 105557261 A CN105557261 A CN 105557261A CN 201510957381 A CN201510957381 A CN 201510957381A CN 105557261 A CN105557261 A CN 105557261A
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- smallantus sonchifolium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0291—Planting receptacles specially adapted for remaining in the soil after planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating smallanthus sonchifolius. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, seedball segmentation, wherein the seed bud weight is 30-50g; secondly, seed bud treatment, wherein a seed bud is soaked in whitewash for 5 min and subjected to seed soaking after drying; thirdly, seedling culture, wherein the seed bud after treated in the second step is planted in a nutrition pot which is sequentially filled with 30 parts of ceramic granules, 40 parts of composite soil and 30 parts of sandy soil from bottom to top, the composite soil is formed by mixing humus with sandy soil in a weight ratio of 1 to 3, the nutrition pot is placed in a greenhouse for culture, and a seedling is obtained for spare when 6-8 leaves grow out; fourthly, transplanting in a field, wherein the seedling obtained in the step three is placed in a seed pit together with the nutrition pot; fifthly, field management, wherein field planting water is watered on the very day of transplanting and comprises bitter melon juice and clean water in a weight part proportion of 1 to 50. The method for cultivating smallanthus sonchifolius is directed at characteristics of smallanthus sonchifolius and has the advantages that steps are simple, operation is facilitated, manpower and material resources are saved, and yield and fruit quality of the northern planted smallanthus sonchifolius are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Smallantus sonchifolium cultivation method, relate more specifically to a kind of can cultivation and the Smallantus sonchifolium cultivation method that can improve the yield and quality in flat area.
Background technology
Smallantus sonchifolium (smallanthussonchifolius) is also known as chrysanthemum potato, Ya Gong, and being composite family herbaceos perennial, is therophytes in northern China.Originate in South America Andes, fruit is block root, and shape, as sweet potato, is claimed underground fruit.Smallantus sonchifolium is medicinal fruit, containing abundant fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and phenolic acid, has anti-oxidant, reducing blood lipid and the anti-effect of grade that treats constipation, and edible safety, effectively, toxic and side effect is little, is particularly suitable for diabetes patient and slimmer is edible.Also the functional components such as selenium and polysaccharide, phenolic acid, flavonoids is rich in yacon leaves.The health care special because of it and medical value, paid attention to more and more widely, food, medical in have broad application prospects.But Smallantus sonchifolium only has artificial cultivation in southern alpine region for a long time, in the north, the Smallantus sonchifolium of especially flat area cultivation exists and yields poorly, the poor quality defects such as especially mouthfeel is poor.
Summary of the invention
For above problem, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of Smallantus sonchifolium kind bud that improves and grow, cultivate full stand strong sprout, improve the cultivation method of the Smallantus sonchifolium yield and quality in North Plain Region cultivation.
Saussurea involucrata fruit branch cultivation method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Step one, segmentation kind of ball: Smallantus sonchifolium kind ball is carried out vernalization, carry out as the long 2-3cm of bud splitting plant bud, described kind of bud weight is 30-50g;
Step 2, plants bud process: soak 5min with limewash, do seed soaking after drying, and seed soaking solution is obtain in alcohol root-growing agent being dissolved in 50-60%, and the concentration of wherein said seed soaking solution is 2000-5000mg/L, and seed soaking time is 5-8min;
Step 3, nursery: by the kind bud plantation after described step 2 process with nutritive cube, the size of described nutritive cube is 15x13cm; 30 parts of ceramic grains, 40 parts of composite soils and 30 parts of sandy soil are filled successively from top to bottom in described nutritive cube; Described composite soil is 1
:humus soil and the sandy soil of 3 are mixed; Nutritive cube is positioned in greenhouse and cultivates, until during 6-8 sheet leaf, obtain seedling for subsequent use; Described nutritive cube adopts degradation material to make;
Step 4, transplant land for growing field crops, it comprises: wholely, and November the previous year, every mu applies farmyard manure 2000-3000kg, and deep plough 40-60cm afterwards; By land for growing field crops ridging, ridge height 20cm, row spacing 50cm;
Transplanting, is that 40cm carries out field planting according to spacing in the rows, face, ridge is dug kind of a cave plantation, plants the dark 30cm in cave; The seedling band nutritive cube that step 3 obtains is positioned in kind of cave together;
Step 5, field management: watered field planting water the same day in transplanting, described field planting water comprises balsam pear water and the clear water that weight part ratio is 1: 50;
After field planting, impose growth when 40 days fertile, described growth fertilizer is made for clear liquid dung 1000 parts mixes hydrogen-oxygen acid 50 parts, potassium; Fertile 1200 parts every mu of described growth;
Carry out spraying foliage fertilizer September, described foliage fertilizer to be weight ratio be 1: 2: 20 boric acid, sugar alcohol and pure water make.
Preferably, in described step one, described kind of bud at least retains 2 buds.
Preferably, implement in described step one that Smallantus sonchifolium kind ball surface is bright and clean, immaculate and going mouldy.
Preferably, in described step 2, in limewash, the weight ratio of lime and water is 1: 100.
Preferably, in described step 3, hot-house culture temperature is 20-25 DEG C, and incubation time is no less than 25 days.
Preferably, described field management also comprises ridging, in after field planting 90 days, within every 20 days, once earths up, and ridging is highly 10cm.
Preferably, the cultivation method of described Smallantus sonchifolium also comprises: gather, and gathers mid-November, is wiped out by acrial part, after digging out Smallantus sonchifolium, is directly pulverized by acrial part and is embedded in underground by deep ploughing and is passed the winter.
Preferably, the cultivation method of described Smallantus sonchifolium also comprises: in every 3 days of October once, at dusk cover film starting after keeping 10 hours between ridge.
Preferably, the nutritive cube in described step 3 is dixie cup.
Smallantus sonchifolium cultivation method of the present invention, plants bud and processes, and greatly improve kind of a bud rootability, improve kind of a shoot survival percent, can obtain more healthy and stronger seedling is that north Smallantus sonchifolium high yield lays the foundation simultaneously; The Ridged plant when transplanting, for the block root development of Smallantus sonchifolium later stage provides favourable environment; Seedling is planted in land for growing field crops together with nutritive cube, enough temperature and humidities can be provided at seedling early growth initial stage nutritive cube, meanwhile, also can prevent insect pest.There is the field planting water of balsam pear water field planting post-cast strip, and one can prevent insect pest, and carrys out balsam pear water and can reduce soil acidity, is conducive to the root development of Smallantus sonchifolium seedling.By imposing base fertilizer, field planting water and spray the yield and quality that foliage fertilizer both can improve north Smallantus sonchifolium, improves the mouthfeel of north Smallantus sonchifolium.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification word to make those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Smallantus sonchifolium cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
Saussurea involucrata fruit branch cultivation method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Step one, segmentation kind of ball: Smallantus sonchifolium kind ball is carried out vernalization, carry out as the long 2-3cm of bud splitting plant bud, described kind of bud weight is 30g; Smallantus sonchifolium kind ball surface is bright and clean, immaculate and going mouldy.Described kind of bud at least retains 2 buds.
Step 2, plants bud process: soak 5min with limewash, do seed soaking after drying, and seed soaking solution is obtain in alcohol root-growing agent being dissolved in 60%, and the concentration of wherein said seed soaking solution is 5000mg/L, and seed soaking time is 5min; In limewash, the weight ratio of lime and water is 1: 100.
Step 3, nursery: by the kind bud plantation after described step 2 process with nutritive cube, the size of described nutritive cube is 15x13cm; 30 parts of ceramic grains, 40 parts of composite soils and 30 parts of sandy soil are filled successively from top to bottom in described nutritive cube; Described composite soil be 1: 3 humus soil and sandy soil be mixed; Nutritive cube is positioned in greenhouse and cultivates, until during 6-8 sheet leaf, obtain seedling for subsequent use; Hot-house culture temperature is 20-25 DEG C, and incubation time is no less than 25 days.Described nutritive cube adopts degradation material to make; Described nutritive cube is such as dixie cup, and described nutritive cube also can refer to the cup that the degradation materials such as polylactic acid plastic cup are made; Seedling is planted in land for growing field crops together with nutritive cube, enough temperature and humidities can be provided at seedling early growth initial stage nutritive cube, meanwhile, also can prevent insect pest.
Step 4, transplant land for growing field crops, it comprises: wholely, and November the previous year, every mu applies farmyard manure 2000-3000kg, and deep plough 40cm afterwards; By land for growing field crops ridging, ridge height 20cm, row spacing 50cm;
Transplanting, is that 40cm carries out field planting according to spacing in the rows, face, ridge is dug kind of a cave plantation, plants the dark 30cm in cave; The seedling band nutritive cube that step 3 obtains is positioned in kind of cave together;
Step 5, field management: watered field planting water the same day in transplanting, described field planting water comprises balsam pear water and the clear water that weight part ratio is 1: 50;
After field planting, impose growth when 40 days fertile, described growth fertilizer is made for clear liquid dung 1000 parts mixes hydrogen-oxygen acid 50 parts, potassium; Fertile 1200 parts every mu of described growth;
Carry out spraying foliage fertilizer September, described foliage fertilizer to be weight ratio be 1: 2: 20 boric acid, sugar alcohol and pure water make.In every 3 days of October once, at dusk cover film starting after keeping 10 hours between ridge.
Ridging, in after field planting 90 days, once earths up for every 20 days, and ridging is highly 10cm.
Gather, gather mid-November, acrial part is wiped out, after digging out Smallantus sonchifolium, acrial part is directly pulverized and is embedded in underground by deep ploughing and passes the winter.Every mu of Smallantus sonchifolium output is 2476kg.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Smallantus sonchifolium cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
Saussurea involucrata fruit branch cultivation method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Step one, segmentation kind of ball: Smallantus sonchifolium kind ball is carried out vernalization, carry out as the long 2-3cm of bud splitting plant bud, described kind of bud weight is 35g; Smallantus sonchifolium kind ball surface is bright and clean, immaculate and going mouldy.Described kind of bud at least retains 2 buds.
Step 2, plants bud process: soak 5min with limewash, do seed soaking after drying, and seed soaking solution is obtain in alcohol root-growing agent being dissolved in 50%, and the concentration of wherein said seed soaking solution is 4000mg/L, and seed soaking time is 8min; In limewash, the weight ratio of lime and water is 1: 100.The process of planting bud is to provide kind of a bud rootability, for the high yield of Smallantus sonchifolium lays the foundation.
Step 3, nursery: by the kind bud plantation after described step 2 process with nutritive cube, the size of described nutritive cube is 15x13cm; 30 parts of ceramic grains, 40 parts of composite soils and 30 parts of sandy soil are filled successively from top to bottom in described nutritive cube; Described composite soil be 1: 3 humus soil and sandy soil be mixed; Nutritive cube is positioned in greenhouse and cultivates, until during 6-8 sheet leaf, obtain seedling for subsequent use; Hot-house culture temperature is 20-25 DEG C, and incubation time is no less than 25 days.Described nutritive cube adopts degradation material to make; Described nutritive cube is such as dixie cup, and described nutritive cube also can refer to the cup that the degradation materials such as polylactic acid plastic cup are made;
Step 4, transplant land for growing field crops, it comprises: wholely, and November the previous year, every mu applies farmyard manure 3000kg, and deep plough 40-60cm afterwards; By land for growing field crops ridging, ridge height 20cm, row spacing 50cm;
Transplanting, is that 40cm carries out field planting according to spacing in the rows, face, ridge is dug kind of a cave plantation, plants the dark 30cm in cave; The seedling band nutritive cube that step 3 obtains is positioned in kind of cave together; Seedling is planted in land for growing field crops together with nutritive cube, enough temperature and humidities can be provided at seedling early growth initial stage nutritive cube, meanwhile, also can prevent insect pest.
Step 5, field management: watered field planting water the same day in transplanting, described field planting water comprises balsam pear water and the clear water that weight part ratio is 1: 50; At the seedling early growth initial stage, seedling with the higher kind bud of sugar, and easily attracts underground insect, the field planting water of balsam pear water is had in field planting post-cast strip, one can prevent insect pest, and carrys out balsam pear water and can reduce soil acidity, is conducive to the root development of Smallantus sonchifolium seedling.
After field planting, impose growth when 40 days fertile, described growth fertilizer is made for clear liquid dung 1000 parts mixes hydrogen-oxygen acid 50 parts, potassium; Fertile 1200 parts every mu of described growth;
Carry out spraying foliage fertilizer September, described foliage fertilizer to be weight ratio be 1: 2: 20 boric acid, sugar alcohol and pure water make.In every 3 days of October once, at dusk cover film starting after keeping 10 hours between ridge.Because northern weather evening temperature after October can reduce, in order to avoid temperature to affect the growth of Smallantus sonchifolium lower than 15 DEG C, so adopt plastic mulching between ridge, ensure the normal growth of Smallantus sonchifolium.Described foliage fertilizer provides safeguard to the quality of the Smallantus sonchifolium of north.
Ridging, in after field planting 90 days, once earths up for every 20 days, and ridging is highly 10cm.
Gather, gather mid-November, acrial part is wiped out, after digging out Smallantus sonchifolium, acrial part is directly pulverized and is embedded in underground by deep ploughing and passes the winter.Every mu of Smallantus sonchifolium output is 2819kg.
Effect example 1
After field planting 30,60,90 days, get that complete stool measures its plant height, root amount, root is long, root is heavy and leaf dry weight.Measurement result is in table 1
| Number of days (my god) | Plant height cm | Root amount/bar strain -1 | Root length/cm | Root weight/g strain -1 | Leaf dry weight/g strain -1 |
| 30 | 5.28 | 19.38 | 7.45 | 1.26 | 0.68 |
| 60 | 90.7 | 20.45 | 14.32 | 140 | 11.82 |
| 90 | 113.8 | 24.33 | 28.6 | 450 | 13.28 |
Effect example 2
One, utilize 3,5-dinitrosalicylic Acid Colorimetry to measure content of reducing sugar:
Specifically comprise: a, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid 6.3g is dissolved in the sodium hydroxide solution 262ml of 2mol/L.This solution is mixed with the hot water that 500ml contains 182g sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate.In this solution, add 5g re-distilled phenol and 5g sodium sulphite again, fully stir and make it to dissolve, after solution cooling, be diluted with water to 1000ml.Be stored in brown bottle, can use place one week in refrigerator after.
B, the drafting of glucose standard curve: get 6, test tube, according to the form below operates:
| Guan Hao | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 1mg/ml glucose solution (ml) | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Distilled water (ml) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 |
| DNS | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
After abundant mixing, in boiling water bath, 5min is boiled in heating.After cooling, constant volume is to 10ml, mixing.With pipe 1 for blank, under 540nm wavelength, survey the OD value of each pipe.Draw optical density-glucose concentration curve.
C, sample preparation: 2g material, in mortar, adds 2ml distilled water, grinds to form homogenate shape, then adds 38ml distilled water, 50 DEG C of water-bath 20min, constant volume, to 50mL, moves to 3000rpm in centrifuge tube, centrifugal 5min, and supernatant is that testing sample becomes.
D, sample thief 0.5mL, the DNS adding 0.5mL measures according to the method described above.
Two, total reducing sugar is measured: prepared by calibration curve: get 6, test tube, and according to the form below operates:
Draw optical density-glucose concentration curve.
A, sample preparation: 2g material, in mortar, adds 2ml distilled water, grinds to form homogenate shape, then adds 38ml distilled water, 50 DEG C of water-bath 20min, constant volume, to 50mL, moves to 3000rpm in centrifuge tube, centrifugal 5min, and supernatant is testing sample.
B, sample determination: after diluting 250 times, gets 1mL sample ice bath 5min in test tube, adds anthrone reagent 4mL, boiling water bath 10min, running water cooling 10min, 620nm place colorimetric.Measurement result total sugar content is 73.24 ± 2.64mg/g; Content of reducing sugar is 8.62 ± 0.49mg/g.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the legend described.
Claims (9)
1. a cultivation method for Smallantus sonchifolium, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step one, segmentation kind of ball: Smallantus sonchifolium kind ball is carried out vernalization, carry out as the long 2-3cm of bud splitting plant bud, described kind of bud weight is 30-50g;
Step 2, plants bud process: soak 5min with limewash, do seed soaking after drying, and seed soaking solution is obtain in alcohol root-growing agent being dissolved in 50-60%, and the concentration of wherein said seed soaking solution is 2000-5000mg/L, and seed soaking time is 5-8min;
Step 3, nursery: by the kind bud plantation after described step 2 process with nutritive cube, the size of described nutritive cube is 15x13cm; 30 parts of ceramic grains, 40 parts of composite soils and 30 parts of sandy soil are filled successively from top to bottom in described nutritive cube; Described composite soil be 1: 3 humus soil and sandy soil be mixed; Nutritive cube is positioned in greenhouse and cultivates, until during 6-8 sheet leaf, obtain seedling for subsequent use; Described nutritive cube adopts degradation material to make;
Step 4, transplant land for growing field crops, it comprises: wholely, and November the previous year, every mu applies farmyard manure 2000-3000kg, and deep plough 40-60cm afterwards; By land for growing field crops ridging, ridge height 20cm, row spacing 50cm;
Transplanting, is that 40cm carries out field planting according to spacing in the rows, face, ridge is dug kind of a cave plantation, plants the dark 30cm in cave; The seedling band nutritive cube that step 3 obtains is positioned in kind of cave together;
Step 5, field management: watered field planting water the same day in transplanting, described field planting water comprises balsam pear water and the clear water that weight part ratio is 1: 50;
After field planting, impose growth when 40 days fertile, described growth fertilizer is made for clear liquid dung 1000 parts mixes hydrogen-oxygen acid 50 parts, potassium; Fertile 1200 parts every mu of described growth;
Carry out spraying foliage fertilizer September, described foliage fertilizer to be weight ratio be 1: 2: 20 boric acid, sugar alcohol and pure water make.
2. the cultivation method of Smallantus sonchifolium as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step one, described kind of bud at least retains 2 buds.
3. the cultivation method of Smallantus sonchifolium as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, implements that Smallantus sonchifolium kind ball surface is bright and clean, immaculate and going mouldy in described step one.
4. the cultivation method of Smallantus sonchifolium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, in limewash, the weight ratio of lime and water is 1: 100.
5. the cultivation method of Smallantus sonchifolium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 3, hot-house culture temperature is 20-25 DEG C, and incubation time is no less than 25 days.
6. the cultivation method of Smallantus sonchifolium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described field management also comprises ridging, in after field planting 90 days, within every 20 days, once earths up, and ridging is highly 10cm.
7. the cultivation method of Smallantus sonchifolium as claimed in claim 1, characterized by further comprising: gather, gathers mid-November, wiped out by acrial part, after digging out Smallantus sonchifolium, is directly pulverized by acrial part and is embedded in underground by deep ploughing and is passed the winter.
8. the cultivation method of Smallantus sonchifolium as claimed in claim 1, characterized by further comprising, in every 3 days of October once, in cover film starting after keeping 10 hours between ridge at dusk.
9. the cultivation method of Smallantus sonchifolium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the nutritive cube in described step 3 is dixie cup.
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| CN106258326A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2017-01-04 | 陈宁 | A kind of method of Smallanthus sonchifolius high-yield planting |
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| CN108605759A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-02 | 佛山市日可威食品科技研究院（普通合伙） | A kind of yacon implantation methods rich in various trace elements |
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| CN110663486A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-10 | 道真自治县玄阳药业有限公司 | High-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula |
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| CN108605759A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-02 | 佛山市日可威食品科技研究院（普通合伙） | A kind of yacon implantation methods rich in various trace elements |
| CN108419622A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-08-21 | 六枝特区舰航种养殖场 | A kind of implantation methods improving yacon quality |
| CN109588246A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-09 | 丁年生 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of horseshoe |
| CN110663486A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-10 | 道真自治县玄阳药业有限公司 | High-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula |
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