CN105557261B - A kind of yacon cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of yacon cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105557261B CN105557261B CN201510957381.7A CN201510957381A CN105557261B CN 105557261 B CN105557261 B CN 105557261B CN 201510957381 A CN201510957381 A CN 201510957381A CN 105557261 B CN105557261 B CN 105557261B
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- yacon
- nutritive cube
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0291—Planting receptacles specially adapted for remaining in the soil after planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of yacon cultural methods, include the following steps：Divide bulb：Seed bud weight is 30-50g；Seed bud processing：5min is impregnated with limewash, seed soaking, nursery are done after drying：By the plantation of the step 2 treated seed bud with 30 parts of ceramic grains, 40 parts of composite soils and 30 parts of sandy soil in nutritive cube, are sequentially filled in the nutritive cube from top to bottom；The fertile soil and sandy soil that the composite soil is 1: 3 are mixed；Nutritive cube is placed in greenhouse and is cultivated, until it is spare to obtain seedling when 6-8 piece leaf；Crop field is transplanted, the seedling band nutritive cube that step 3 obtains is placed in together in kind of cave；Field management：Planting water was poured in the transplanting same day, the planting water includes the balsam pear water and clear water that weight part ratio is 1: 50.Yacon cultural method of the present invention, for the characteristic of yacon, step is simple, easy to operate, uses manpower and material resources sparingly, and effectively improves the yield and fruit quality of north yacon.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to yacon cultural methods, and relating more specifically to one kind can cultivate in plains region and production can be improved
The yacon cultural method of amount and quality.
Background technique
Yacon (smallanthus sonchifolius) is also known as chrysanthemum potato, Ya Gong, is composite family herbaceos perennial,
Northern China is annual plant.South America Andes is originated in, fruit is root tuber, and shape such as sweet potato is claimed underground fruit.
Yacon is medicinal fruit, oligofructose rich in and phenolic acid, has anti-oxidant, reducing blood lipid and anti-is treated constipation
Effect, and edible safety, effectively, toxic side effect it is small, it is edible to be particularly suitable for diabetes patient and slimmer.It is also rich in yacon leaves
Containing the functional components such as selenium and polysaccharide, phenolic acid, flavonoids.Because of its special healthcare function and medical value, increasingly obtain wide
General attention has broad application prospects in terms of food, medicine.But yacon is for a long time only in southern alpine region
There is artificial cultivation, in the north, the yacon of especially plains region cultivation is there are low output, and poor quality especially mouthfeel is poor etc.
Defect.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, cultivating full stand strong sprout the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of development of raising yacon seed bud, mentioning
The cultural method for the yacon yield and quality that height is cultivated in North Plain Region.
Saussurea involucrata fruit branch cultural method of the present invention includes the following steps：
Step 1 divides bulb：Yacon bulb is subjected to vernalization, is split to obtain seed bud as the long 2-3cm of bud, it is described
Seed bud weight is 30-50g；
Step 2, seed bud processing：5min is impregnated with limewash, seed soaking is done after drying, seed soaking solution is that will take root
Agent is dissolved in the alcohol of 50-60% and obtains, wherein the concentration of the seed soaking solution is 2000-5000mg/L, seed soaking time is
5-8min；
Step 3, nursery：By the plantation of the step 2 treated seed bud with nutritive cube, the size of the nutritive cube is
15x13cm；30 parts of ceramic grains, 40 parts of composite soils and 30 parts of sandy soil are sequentially filled in the nutritive cube from top to bottom；It is described mixed
Closing soil is 1∶3 fertile soil and sandy soil is mixed；Nutritive cube is placed in greenhouse and is cultivated, until seedling is obtained when 6-8 piece leaf
It is spare；The nutritive cube is made of degradation material；
Step 4 transplants crop field comprising：Site preparation applies farmyard manure 2000-3000kg November the previous year per acre,
Deep plough 40-60cm later；By crop field ridging, the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 50cm；
Transplanting is that 40cm is colonized according to spacing in the rows, plants in the ridge face cave Shang Wazhong, plant cave depth 30cm；Step 3 is obtained
The seedling band nutritive cube obtained is placed in together in kind of cave；
Step 5, field management：Planting water was poured in the transplanting same day, the planting water includes the balsam pear that weight part ratio is 1: 50
Water and clear water；
Growth fertilizer is imposed at 40 days after field planting, the growth fertilizer is that 1000 parts of cleaning up excrement water, 50 parts of potassium of mixing hydrogen-oxygen acid is made
At；Described 1200 parts per acre of growth fertilizer；
Spray foliar fertilizer in September part, the foliar fertilizer be weight ratio be 1: 2: 20 boric acid, sugar alcohol and pure
Water is made.
Preferably, 2 buds are at least retained in the step 1, in the seed bud.
Preferably, implement yacon kind ball surface in the step 1 and want bright and clean, immaculate and mildew.
Preferably, in the step 2, the weight ratio of lime and water is 1: 100 in limewash.
Preferably, in the step 3, hot-house culture temperature is 20-25 DEG C, and incubation time is no less than 25 days.
Preferably, the field management further includes ridging, in after field planting 90 days, is once earthed up within every 20 days,
Ridging height is 10cm.
Preferably, the cultural method of the yacon further includes：Harvesting, is harvested mid-November, by overground part
Sub-cut removes, and after digging out yacon, aerial part is directly crushed and is embedded in underground by deep ploughing and passed the winter.
Preferably, the cultural method of the yacon further includes：It is primary every 3 days of October, it is covered between ridge in the dusk
Lid film simultaneously starts after holding 10 hours.
Preferably, the nutritive cube in the step 3 is dixie cup.
Yacon cultural method of the present invention, seed bud are handled, and seed bud rootability is greatly improved, and improve seedling
Survival rate, while can obtain more healthy and stronger seedling is that north yacon high yield lays the foundation；The ridging kind in transplanting
It plants, provides advantageous environment for the development of yacon later period root tuber；Seedling and nutritive cube are planted together in crop field, in seedling early growth
Initial stage nutritive cube can provide enough temperature and humidities, it is also possible to prevent insect pest.There is determining for balsam pear water in field planting post-cast strip
Water is planted, one can prevent insect pest, and soil acidity can be reduced by carrying out balsam pear water, be conducive to the root development of yacon seedling.
It by imposing base fertilizer, planting water and sprays foliar fertilizer both the yield and quality of north yacon can be improved, improve north
The mouthfeel of side's plantation yacon.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail combined with specific embodiments below, to enable those skilled in the art's reference say
Bright book text can be implemented accordingly.
Embodiment 1
A kind of yacon cultural method, includes the following steps：
Saussurea involucrata fruit branch cultural method of the present invention includes the following steps：
Step 1 divides bulb：Yacon bulb is subjected to vernalization, is split to obtain seed bud as the long 2-3cm of bud, it is described
Seed bud weight is 30g；Yacon kind ball surface wants bright and clean, immaculate and mildew.At least retain 2 buds in the seed bud.
Step 2, seed bud processing：5min is impregnated with limewash, seed soaking is done after drying, seed soaking solution is that will take root
Agent is dissolved in 60% alcohol and obtains, wherein the concentration of the seed soaking solution is 5000mg/L, seed soaking time 5min；Lime
The weight ratio of lime and water is 1: 100 in water.
Step 3, nursery：By the plantation of the step 2 treated seed bud with nutritive cube, the size of the nutritive cube is
15x13cm；30 parts of ceramic grains, 40 parts of composite soils and 30 parts of sandy soil are sequentially filled in the nutritive cube from top to bottom；It is described mixed
Soil is closed to be mixed for 1: 3 fertile soil and sandy soil；Nutritive cube is placed in greenhouse and is cultivated, until seedling is obtained when 6-8 piece leaf
It is spare；Hot-house culture temperature is 20-25 DEG C, and incubation time is no less than 25 days.The nutritive cube is made of degradation material；Institute
Stating nutritive cube is, for example, dixie cup, and the nutritive cube can also refer to cup made of the degradation materials such as polylactic acid plastic cup；It will kind
Seedling and nutritive cube are planted together in crop field, can provide enough temperature and humidities in seedling early growth initial stage nutritive cube, meanwhile,
It can prevent insect pest.
Step 4 transplants crop field comprising：Site preparation applies farmyard manure 2000-3000kg November the previous year per acre,
Deep plough 40cm later；By crop field ridging, the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 50cm；
Transplanting is that 40cm is colonized according to spacing in the rows, plants in the ridge face cave Shang Wazhong, plant cave depth 30cm；Step 3 is obtained
The seedling band nutritive cube obtained is placed in together in kind of cave；
Step 5, field management：Planting water was poured in the transplanting same day, the planting water includes the balsam pear that weight part ratio is 1: 50
Water and clear water；
Growth fertilizer is imposed at 40 days after field planting, the growth fertilizer is that 1000 parts of cleaning up excrement water, 50 parts of potassium of mixing hydrogen-oxygen acid is made
At；Described 1200 parts per acre of growth fertilizer；
Spray foliar fertilizer in September part, the foliar fertilizer be weight ratio be 1: 2: 20 boric acid, sugar alcohol and pure
Water is made.It is primary every 3 days of October, film is covered between ridge in the dusk and is started after being kept for 10 hours.
Ridging, in after field planting 90 days, is once earthed up for every 20 days, and ridging height is 10cm.
Harvesting, is harvested mid-November, aerial part is wiped out, after digging out yacon, by the direct powder of aerial part
It is broken that underground is embedded in by deep ploughing and is passed the winter.Yacon yield is 2476kg per acre.
Embodiment 2
A kind of yacon cultural method, includes the following steps：
Saussurea involucrata fruit branch cultural method of the present invention includes the following steps：
Step 1 divides bulb：Yacon bulb is subjected to vernalization, is split to obtain seed bud as the long 2-3cm of bud, it is described
Seed bud weight is 35g；Yacon kind ball surface wants bright and clean, immaculate and mildew.At least retain 2 buds in the seed bud.
Step 2, seed bud processing：5min is impregnated with limewash, seed soaking is done after drying, seed soaking solution is that will take root
Agent is dissolved in 50% alcohol and obtains, wherein the concentration of the seed soaking solution is 4000mg/L, seed soaking time 8min；Lime
The weight ratio of lime and water is 1: 100 in water.The processing of seed bud is to provide for seed bud rootability, is the height of yacon
Production lays the foundation.
Step 3, nursery：By the plantation of the step 2 treated seed bud with nutritive cube, the size of the nutritive cube is
15x13cm；30 parts of ceramic grains, 40 parts of composite soils and 30 parts of sandy soil are sequentially filled in the nutritive cube from top to bottom；It is described mixed
Soil is closed to be mixed for 1: 3 fertile soil and sandy soil；Nutritive cube is placed in greenhouse and is cultivated, until seedling is obtained when 6-8 piece leaf
It is spare；Hot-house culture temperature is 20-25 DEG C, and incubation time is no less than 25 days.The nutritive cube is made of degradation material；Institute
Stating nutritive cube is, for example, dixie cup, and the nutritive cube can also refer to cup made of the degradation materials such as polylactic acid plastic cup；
Step 4 transplants crop field comprising：Site preparation applies farmyard manure 3000kg, later November the previous year per acre
Deep plough 40-60cm；By crop field ridging, the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 50cm；
Transplanting is that 40cm is colonized according to spacing in the rows, plants in the ridge face cave Shang Wazhong, plant cave depth 30cm；Step 3 is obtained
The seedling band nutritive cube obtained is placed in together in kind of cave；Seedling and nutritive cube are planted together in crop field, at seedling early growth initial stage
Nutritive cube can provide enough temperature and humidities, it is also possible to prevent insect pest.
Step 5, field management：Planting water was poured in the transplanting same day, the planting water includes the balsam pear that weight part ratio is 1: 50
Water and clear water；At seedling early growth initial stage, seedling has the higher seed bud of sugar, and its is easy to attract underground insect, after field planting
The planting water with balsam pear water is poured, one can prevent insect pest, and soil acidity can be reduced by carrying out balsam pear water, be conducive to yacon
The root development of seedling.
Growth fertilizer is imposed at 40 days after field planting, the growth fertilizer is that 1000 parts of cleaning up excrement water, 50 parts of potassium of mixing hydrogen-oxygen acid is made
At；Described 1200 parts per acre of growth fertilizer；
Spray foliar fertilizer in September part, the foliar fertilizer be weight ratio be 1: 2: 20 boric acid, sugar alcohol and pure
Water is made.It is primary every 3 days of October, film is covered between ridge in the dusk and is started after being kept for 10 hours.Due to northern weather
Evening temperature can reduce after October, in order to avoid the growth of lower than 15 DEG C influence yacons of temperature, so using mulch
It is covered between ridge, guarantees the normal growth of yacon.The foliar fertilizer can provide guarantor to the quality of the yacon of north
Barrier.
Ridging, in after field planting 90 days, is once earthed up for every 20 days, and ridging height is 10cm.
Harvesting, is harvested mid-November, aerial part is wiped out, after digging out yacon, by the direct powder of aerial part
It is broken that underground is embedded in by deep ploughing and is passed the winter.Yacon yield is 2819kg per acre.
Effect example 1
30 after field planting, 60,90 days, take complete stool measure its plant height, root amount, root long, root weight and leaf dry weight.Measurement result is shown in
Table 1
| Number of days (day) | Plant height cm | Root amount/item strain-1 | Root long/cm | Weight/g plants of root-1 | Leaf dry weight/g plants-1 |
| 30 | 5.28 | 19.38 | 7.45 | 1.26 | 0.68 |
| 60 | 90.7 | 20.45 | 14.32 | 140 | 11.82 |
| 90 | 113.8 | 24.33 | 28.6 | 450 | 13.28 |
Effect example 2
One, content of reducing sugar is measured using 3,5- dinitrosalicylic Acid Colorimetry：
It specifically includes：A, 3,5- dinitrosalicylic acid 6.3g are dissolved in the sodium hydroxide solution 262ml of 2mol/L.This is molten
Liquid is mixed with the 500ml hot water for containing 182g sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate.5g re-distilled phenol and 5g sodium sulfite are added into the solution, are filled
Divide stirring to be allowed to dissolve, after solution is cooling, is diluted with water to 1000ml.It is stored in brown bottle, is placed one week in refrigerator
Rear can be used.
B, the drafting of glucose standard curve：6, test tube are taken, table handling is pressed：
| Guan Hao | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 1mg/ml glucose solution (ml) | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Distilled water (ml) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 |
| DNS | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
5min is boiled in heating in boiling water bath after mixing well.Constant volume is mixed to 10ml after cooling.With pipe 1 for blank pair
According to surveying the OD value of each pipe under 540nm wavelength.Draw optical density-glucose concentration curve.
C, sample preparation：2g material is added 2ml distilled water, is ground into homogenate shape in mortar, adds 38ml distillation
Water, 50 DEG C of water-bath 20min, constant volume to 50mL move to 3000rpm in centrifuge tube, are centrifuged 5min, supernatant be sample to be tested at.
D takes sample 0.5mL, and the DNS that 0.5mL is added is measured according to the method described above.
Two, total reducing sugar measurement：Standard curve preparation：6, test tube are taken, table handling is pressed：
Draw optical density-glucose concentration curve.
A, sample preparation：2g material is added 2ml distilled water, is ground into homogenate shape in mortar, adds 38ml distillation
Water, 50 DEG C of water-bath 20min, constant volume to 50mL move to 3000rpm in centrifuge tube, are centrifuged 5min, supernatant is sample to be tested.
B, sample measurement：After 250 times of dilution, 1mL sample ice bath 5min in test tube is taken, anthrone reagent 4mL, boiling water is added
Bathe 10min, colorimetric at tap water cooling 10min, 620nm.Measurement result total sugar content is 73.24 ± 2.64mg/g；Reduced sugar
Content is 8.62 ± 0.49mg/g.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its is not only in the description and the implementation listed
With it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Realize other modification, therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is simultaneously unlimited
In specific details and legend shown and described herein.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of cultural method of yacon, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
Step 1 divides bulb：Yacon bulb is subjected to vernalization, is split to obtain seed bud, the seed bud as the long 2-3cm of bud
Weight is 30-50g；
Step 2, seed bud processing：5min is impregnated with limewash, seed soaking is done after drying, seed soaking solution is that root-growing agent is molten
Solution obtains in the alcohol of 50-60%, wherein the concentration of the seed soaking solution is 2000-5000mg/L, seed soaking time 5-
8min；
Step 3, nursery：By the step 2 treated seed bud plantation in nutritive cube, the size of the nutritive cube is 15 ×
13cm；30 parts of ceramic grains, 40 parts of composite soils and 30 parts of sandy soil are sequentially filled in the nutritive cube from top to bottom；The composite soil
It is 1：3 fertile soil and sandy soil is mixed；Nutritive cube is placed in greenhouse and is cultivated, until it is standby to obtain seedling when 6-8 piece leaf
With；The nutritive cube is made of degradation material；
Step 4 transplants crop field comprising：Site preparation applies farmyard manure 2000-3000kg, later November the previous year per acre
Deep plough 40-60cm；By crop field ridging, the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 50cm；
Transplanting is that 40cm is colonized according to spacing in the rows, plants in the ridge face cave Shang Wazhong, plant cave depth 30cm；Step 3 is obtained
Seedling band nutritive cube is placed in together in kind of cave；
Step 5, field management：Planting water was poured in the transplanting same day, the planting water includes that weight part ratio is 1:50 balsam pear water and
Clear water；
Growth fertilizer is imposed at 40 days after field planting, the growth fertilizer is that 1000 parts of cleaning up excrement water, 50 parts of potassium of mixing hydrogen-oxygen acid is made；Institute
State 1200 parts per acre of growth fertilizer；
It carries out spraying foliar fertilizer in September part, the foliar fertilizer is that weight ratio is 1:2：20 boric acid, sugar alcohol and pure water system
At.
2. the cultural method of yacon as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 1, the seed bud up to
Retain 2 buds less.
3. the cultural method of yacon as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that implement yacon bulb in the step 1
Want bright and clean, immaculate and mildew in surface.
4. the cultural method of yacon as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 2, lime in limewash
Weight ratio with water is 1：100.
5. the cultural method of yacon as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3, hot-house culture temperature
It is 20-25 DEG C, incubation time is no less than 25 days.
6. the cultural method of yacon as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the field management further includes ridging, in
Start within 90 days after field planting, once earthed up within every 20 days, ridging height is 10cm.
7. the cultural method of yacon as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that further include：Harvesting is carried out mid-November
Harvesting, aerial part is wiped out, and after digging out yacon, aerial part is directly crushed and is embedded in underground and mistake by deep ploughing
Winter.
8. the cultural method of yacon as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that further include, it is primary every 3 days of October, in
Film is covered between ridge at dusk and is started after being kept for 10 hours.
9. the cultural method of yacon as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the nutritive cube in the step 3 is paper
Cup.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106258326A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2017-01-04 | 陈宁 | A kind of method of Smallanthus sonchifolius high-yield planting |
| CN107211769A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-09-29 | 广西顺帆投资有限公司 | A kind of organic planting matrix of yacon and preparation method thereof |
| CN108605759A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-02 | 佛山市日可威食品科技研究院（普通合伙） | A kind of yacon implantation methods rich in various trace elements |
| CN108419622A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-08-21 | 六枝特区舰航种养殖场 | A kind of implantation methods improving yacon quality |
| CN109588246A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-09 | 丁年生 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of horseshoe |
| CN110663486A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-10 | 道真自治县玄阳药业有限公司 | High-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula |
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