CN105077203A - 用于饮料着色的粉状类胡萝卜素制剂 - Google Patents
用于饮料着色的粉状类胡萝卜素制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105077203A CN105077203A CN201510411691.9A CN201510411691A CN105077203A CN 105077203 A CN105077203 A CN 105077203A CN 201510411691 A CN201510411691 A CN 201510411691A CN 105077203 A CN105077203 A CN 105077203A
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于饮料着色的粉状类胡萝卜素制剂,一种生产粉状组合物的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤:a1)在高于30℃的温度下将类胡萝卜素溶于水溶混性有机溶剂或水和水溶混性有机溶剂的混合物中,b)将根据a1)得到的溶液与葡萄糖和改性淀粉的混合物的含水分子分散或胶体分散溶液混合,其中类胡萝卜素的疏水相作为纳米分散相形成,c)通过分离出大部分水以及合适的话还有额外使用的溶剂并随后干燥而将形成的分散体转化成干粉,以及这些粉状制剂的用途。
Description
本申请是申请号为200880117840.9、申请日为2008年11月11日、发明名称为“用于饮料着色的粉状类胡萝卜素制剂”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及至少一种选自β-胡萝卜素、虾青素、角黄素、桔黄素(citranaxanthin)、番茄红素和叶黄素的类胡萝卜素的粉状组合物,一种生产这些粉状组合物的方法以及粉状组合物的用途。
背景技术
将类胡萝卜素物质分类成两个主要组,胡萝卜素和胡萝卜醇类。与为纯多烯烃的胡萝卜素如β-胡萝卜素或番茄红素相反,在胡萝卜醇类中还存在氧官能团如羟基、环氧和/或羰基。该组的典型代表尤其是虾青素、角黄素、叶黄素和玉米黄素。
番茄红素是使西红柿和玫瑰果呈红色的染料。叶黄素是尤其在金盏花(万寿菊属(Tagetes))的花瓣中发现并且可以由其得到的橙黄色染料。
不仅可以合成而且可以由天然源分离的这些多烯是用于食品和饲料工业以及药物领域的重要染料和活性化合物,正如在鲑鱼中具有维生素A原活性的活性化合物虾青素一样。
然而,不仅胡萝卜素而且胡萝卜醇类不溶于水,它们仅在脂肪和油中具有低溶解度。这种受限制的溶解度以及还有对氧化的高敏感性阻碍了通过化学合成得到的较粗粒产品直接用于着色食品和饲料,因为这些物质不能以粗结晶形式稳定储存且仅提供不良着色结果。对类胡萝卜素的实际应用不利的这些效果尤其出现在含水介质中。
仅借助其中活性化合物以细碎形式存在且合适的话通过保护性胶体保护以防氧化的特殊生产的组合物可能在食品的直接着色中实现改进的得色量。此外,用于饲料中的这些组合物导致类胡萝卜素,即胡萝卜素或胡萝卜醇类的更高生物利用率,并因此间接导致更好的着色效果,例如在蛋黄或鱼的着色中。
为了改进得色量并提高再吸收性和生物利用率,已经描述了各种各样的方法,它们全部具有降低活性化合物的晶粒尺寸并且使其具有小于10μm的粒度范围的目的。
尤其描述于Chimia21,329(1967),WO91/06292以及WO94/19411中的许多方法借助胶体磨研磨类胡萝卜素并由此实现2-10μm的粒度。
WO2007/003543描述了一种研磨方法,其中通过在蔗糖或葡萄糖和改性淀粉存在下研磨而将β-胡萝卜素作为悬浮液粉碎至粒度为约0.6μm,并随后将含类胡萝卜素的悬浮液转化成干粉。所得粉末就β-胡萝卜素而言在多种维生素片剂中具有良好的储存稳定性。
除了研磨方法外,还存在例如如DE-A-1211911或EP-A-0410236所述的许多合并乳化/喷雾干燥方法。
根据欧洲专利EP-B-0065193,细碎粉状类胡萝卜素制剂通过在升高的温度以及合适的话在升高的压力下将类胡萝卜素溶于挥发性水溶混性有机溶剂中而生产,其中类胡萝卜素通过与保护性胶体的水溶液混合而沉淀出来并随后喷雾干燥。
生产细碎的粉状类胡萝卜素制剂的类似方法描述于EP-A-0937412,其使用水不溶混性溶剂。
US6235315描述了储存稳定的粉状番茄红素配制剂,其包含作为保护性胶体的鱼明胶以及作为增塑剂的葡萄糖。
尽管开头的现有技术中描述了类胡萝卜素配制剂,饮料工业方面持续需要改进的组合物,尤其是可以容易地溶于水,尤其是冷水中的番茄红素或叶黄素的粉状配制剂,这些配制剂还可以用于具有高水硬度的饮料中,呈现高色度或在最终饮料中形成稳定的乳液并且此外还不含明胶。
发明内容
该目的由包含如下组分的粉状组合物实现:
1-20重量%的至少一种选自β-胡萝卜素、虾青素、角黄素、桔黄素、番茄红素和叶黄素的类胡萝卜素,
3-60重量%的改性淀粉,
3-60重量%的葡萄糖,
0.5-10重量%的至少一种抗氧化剂,和
0.5-6.5重量%的残留水分,
其中重量百分数涉及仍包含残留水分的干燥粉末且其中类胡萝卜素与改性淀粉的重量比为1:3-1:7,优选1:3-1:5。
具体实施方式
本发明粉状组合物包含1-20重量%,优选5-15重量%,特别是8-13重量%的选自β-胡萝卜素、虾青素、角黄素、桔黄素、番茄红素和叶黄素,优选选自番茄红素和叶黄素的类胡萝卜素。类胡萝卜素尤其为番茄红素。
此外,本发明粉状组合物包含3-60重量%,优选20-55重量%,特别优选30-50重量%,特别是35-45重量%的改性淀粉。
改性淀粉是指淀粉的化学或酶催生产的改性产物。这些可以是淀粉醚、淀粉酯或淀粉磷酸酯。该组的优选代表是淀粉酯,特别是辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯如来自NationalStarch的(辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠)或Gum2000(辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠),尤其是辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠如Gum2000。
本发明粉状组合物包含3-60重量%,优选20-55重量%,特别优选30-50重量%,特别是35-45重量%的葡萄糖。
此外,本发明粉状组合物包含0.5-10重量%,优选0.7-5重量%,特别优选0.8-2.5重量%,非常特别优选1-2重量%的至少一种抗氧化剂。合适抗氧化剂的实例尤其是α-生育酚、叔丁基化羟基甲苯、叔丁基化羟基茴香醚、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸钠、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯或乙氧喹或其混合物。优选的抗氧化剂是α-生育酚、抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸钠、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯或其混合物。非常特别优选抗氧化剂α-生育酚。
此外,本发明粉状组合物包含0.5-6.5重量%的残留水分。
为了增加粉状组合物对微生物分解的稳定性,可能有利的是向该组合物中加入防腐剂如4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯、4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯、山梨酸或苯甲酸或其盐。
本发明粉状组合物合适的话还可以包含在选定情况下使用,优选在分散体生产中使用的乳化剂。乳化剂实例是抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯,脂肪酸的聚甘油酯,如聚甘油-3多聚蓖酸酯(PGPR90),脂肪酸的脱水山梨醇酯,如脱水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯(span60),PEG(20)山梨醇单油酸酯,脂肪酸的丙二醇酯,或磷脂,如卵磷脂。
除了改性淀粉外,本发明含水悬浮液和由其生产的粉状组合物可以包含其他保护性胶体。为此例如考虑下列物质:
牛、猪或鱼明胶,尤其是在酸性或碱性条件降解且Bloom值为0-250的明胶,非常特别优选明胶A100、A200、A240、B100和B200,以及Bloom值为0且分子量为15000-25000D的低分子量酶催降解明胶类型,例如CollagelA和GelitasolP(来自Stoess,Eberbach),还有这些明胶品种的混合物。
淀粉、糊精、果胶、阿拉伯树胶、木素磺酸盐、脱乙酰壳多糖、聚苯乙烯磺酸盐、藻酸盐、酪蛋白、酪蛋白酸盐、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素或这些保护性胶体的混合物。
植物蛋白如大豆、稻米和/或小麦蛋白,其中这些植物蛋白可以部分分解形式或以未分解形式存在。
在本发明粉状组合物中,改性淀粉与葡萄糖的重量比优选为4:1-1:3,特别是1.5:1-1:1.5。
特别优选如上所述的本发明粉状组合物,其中类胡萝卜素在该制剂中的含量为8-13重量%以及类胡萝卜素与改性淀粉的重量比为1:3-1:5且改性淀粉与葡萄糖的重量比为1.5:1-1:1.5。
在本发明粉状组合物中,类胡萝卜素优选以纳米颗粒状颗粒存在。
纳米颗粒状颗粒是指经由Fraunhofer衍射测定的中值粒度D[4,3]为0.02-100μm,优选0.05-50μm,非常特别优选0.05-20μm,非常特别优选0.05-5μm,特别是0.05-1.0μm的那些颗粒。术语D[4,3]表示体积加权中值直径(参见MalvernMastersizerS的手册,MalvernInstrumentsLtd.,UK)。
优选本发明粉状组合物中的类胡萝卜素颗粒具有的中值粒度D[4,3]为0.07-0.7μm。
本发明进一步涉及一种生产包含如下组分的上述粉状组合物的方法:
1-20重量%的至少一种选自β-胡萝卜素、虾青素、角黄素、桔黄素、番茄红素和叶黄素的类胡萝卜素,
3-60重量%的改性淀粉,
3-60重量%的葡萄糖,
0.5-10重量%的至少一种抗氧化剂,和
0.5-6.5重量%的残留水分,
其中重量百分数涉及仍包含残留水分的干燥粉末且其中类胡萝卜素与改性淀粉的重量比为1:3-1:7,
该方法包括如下步骤:
a1)在高于30℃的温度下将类胡萝卜素溶于水溶混性有机溶剂或水和水溶混性有机溶剂的混合物中,或
a2)将类胡萝卜素溶于水不溶混性有机溶剂中,
b)将根据a1)或a2)得到的溶液与葡萄糖和改性淀粉的混合物的含水分子分散或胶体分散溶液混合,其中类胡萝卜素的疏水相作为纳米分散相形成,
c)通过分离出大部分水以及合适的话还有额外使用的溶剂并随后干燥而将形成的分散体转化成干粉。
有关组分类胡萝卜素、改性淀粉、葡萄糖和抗氧化剂及其用量的优选实施方案可以在开头已作出的解释中找到。
用于本发明方法步骤a1)中的水溶混性溶剂尤其是仅包含碳、氢和氧的水溶混性、热稳定的挥发性溶剂,如醇、醚、酯、酮或缩醛。有利的是使用至少10%水溶混,沸点低于200℃和/或具有不到10个碳原子的那些溶剂。特别优选使用甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、1,2-丁二醇1-甲基醚(1-甲氧基丁-2-醇)、1,2-丙二醇1-正丙基醚(1-丙氧基丙-2-醇)、四氢呋喃或丙酮。
术语“水不溶混性有机溶剂”对本发明而言是在大气压力下的水溶解度小于10%的有机溶剂。考虑的可能溶剂尤其是卤代脂族烃,如二氯甲烷、氯仿和四氯化碳,羧酸的酯如碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯或乙酸异丙酯,以及醚类如甲基叔丁基醚。优选的水不溶混性有机溶剂是选自碳酸二甲酯、碳酸亚丙酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯和甲基叔丁基醚的化合物。
在本发明方法中,优选进行工艺步骤a1),其中将类胡萝卜素在高于30℃的温度,优选50-240℃,特别是100-200℃,特别优选140-180℃下,合适的话在加压下溶于水溶混性有机溶剂或水和水溶混性有机溶剂的混合物中。
由于高温的作用可能在某些情况下降低类胡萝卜素,特别是番茄红素或叶黄素的所需高全反式异构体比例,因此将类胡萝卜素尽可能快速地,例如在数秒内,例如0.1-10秒,特别优选小于1秒内溶解。为了快速生产分子分散溶液,可能有利的是使用升高的压力,例如20-80巴,优选30-60巴的压力。
所得分子分散溶液随后在工艺步骤b)中直接与葡萄糖和改性淀粉的混合物的含水分子分散或胶体分散溶液(合适的话冷却)混合,其中类胡萝卜素的疏水相作为纳米分散相形成。优选在工艺步骤b)中产生约35-80℃的混合物温度。
此时将来自工艺步骤a1)的溶剂组分转移到水相中,类胡萝卜素的疏水相作为纳米分散相形成。
对于有关上述分散的更详细工艺和设备描述,此时参见EP-B-0065193。
在本发明方法中,在工艺步骤c)中通过分离出大部分水和合适的话额外使用的溶剂并随后干燥而将所形成的分散体转化成干粉。
向干粉的转化尤其可以经由喷雾干燥、喷雾冷却、改性喷雾干燥、冻干或在流化床中干燥而进行,合适的话还在涂料存在下。合适的涂料尤其为玉米淀粉、硅石或磷酸三钙。
优选在工艺步骤c)中通过蒸馏分离出大部分水和任何额外存在的溶剂而将形成的分散体浓缩至固体浓度为约20-35重量%并随后在喷雾干燥器中将该浓缩分散体转化成干粉。
特别优选在本发明方法的工艺步骤c)中在具有整合的和/或下游外部流化床的喷雾干燥器中进行干燥。此时优选形成具有附聚颗粒的粉状组合物。所得附聚颗粒取决于所用设备优选具有洋葱、悬钩子、紧凑团块或松散团块结构。这些附聚物结构类型、所得粉末性能以及附聚行为例如由EjnarRefstrup,“有关喷雾干燥过程中的附聚的近期进展”,“ZeitschriftfürLebensmitteltechnologie”,ZFL43(1992),10,第576-582页描述。本发明粉状组合物的附聚颗粒特别优选具有悬钩子或紧凑或松散团块结构,尤其是紧凑或松散团块结构。
本发明的干粉可以再次无问题地重新分散于含水体系中,从而在小于1μm的粒度范围内获得活性化合物的均匀细分布。此时可能注意到本发明干粉可以非常快速地重新分散于冷水中且形成在长时间内稳定并且具有高色度的分散体。
本发明的粉状组合物尤其适合作为食品组合物的添加剂,例如用于着色诸如饮料的食品,用于生产药物和化妆品组合物,以及用于生产食品增补剂制剂,例如在人和动物领域中的多种维生素制剂。优选该粉状组合物适合作为饮料的添加剂。
本发明因此还进一步涉及本发明的上述粉状组合物作为动物饲料、食品、食品增补剂或药物组合物的添加剂的用途,特别是作为饮料的添加剂的用途。
本发明同样涉及包含本发明粉状组合物的动物饲料、食品、食品增补剂或药物组合物,尤其是饮料。
本发明由下列实施例解释,但这些实施例并不构成限制:
实施例
实施例1
将10g结晶番茄红素悬浮于1.7gα-生育酚和130g异丙醇的溶液中。在1.5kg/h的输送速率和50巴的体系压力下将该悬浮液与460g热异丙醇(输送速率为2.6kg/h)混合而得到170℃的溶液温度。使该溶液在混合室中与70.4gPurityGum2000(NationalStarch)和80.4g葡萄糖在6450g水中的溶液湍流混合。然后借助真空蒸发器将异丙醇从该番茄红素分散体中除去,并通过喷雾干燥将该分散体转化成粉末。粉末中的番茄红素含量为10.9%且番茄红素颗粒的中值粒度为307nm。
Claims (12)
1.一种生产包含如下组分的粉状组合物的方法:
1-20重量%的至少一种选自β-胡萝卜素、虾青素、角黄素、番茄红素和叶黄素的类胡萝卜素,
3-60重量%的改性淀粉,其中所述改性淀粉为辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯,
20-55重量%的葡萄糖,
0.5-10重量%的至少一种抗氧化剂,和
0.5-6.5重量%的残留水分,
其中重量百分数涉及仍包含残留水分的干燥粉末且其中类胡萝卜素与改性淀粉的重量比为1:3-1:7,
所述方法包括下列步骤:
a1)在高于30℃的温度下将类胡萝卜素溶于水溶混性有机溶剂或水和水溶混性有机溶剂的混合物中,
b)将根据a1)得到的溶液与葡萄糖和改性淀粉的混合物的含水分子分散或胶体分散溶液混合,其中类胡萝卜素的疏水相作为纳米分散相形成,
c)通过分离出大部分水以及合适的话还有额外使用的溶剂并随后干燥而将形成的分散体转化成干粉。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中在步骤c)中通过蒸馏分离出大部分水和任何额外存在的溶剂而将形成的分散体浓缩至固体浓度为约20-35重量%并随后在喷雾干燥器中将该浓缩的分散体转化成干粉。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中在步骤c)中的干燥在具有整合的和/或下游外部流化床的喷雾干燥器中进行。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中类胡萝卜素为番茄红素。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述抗氧化剂为α-生育酚。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其中改性淀粉与葡萄糖的重量比为4:1-1:3。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其中类胡萝卜素在所述组合物中的含量为8-13重量%,并且类胡萝卜素与改性淀粉的重量比为1:3-1:5和改性淀粉与葡萄糖的重量比为1.5:1-1:1.5。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的方法获得的粉状组合物。
9.根据权利要求8所定义的粉状组合物作为动物饲料、食品、食品增补剂或药物组合物的添加剂的用途。
10.根据权利要求8所定义的粉状组合物作为饮料添加剂的用途。
11.一种动物饲料、食品、食品增补剂或药物组合物,包含根据权利要求8所定义的粉状组合物。
12.一种饮料,包含根据权利要求8所定义的粉状组合物。
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ES2540222T3 (es) | 2015-07-09 |
CN101873804A (zh) | 2010-10-27 |
US20100267838A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
ES2540222T5 (es) | 2022-04-19 |
WO2009068432A1 (de) | 2009-06-04 |
EP2224823A1 (de) | 2010-09-08 |
DK2224823T4 (da) | 2022-02-21 |
EP2224823B1 (de) | 2015-03-25 |
US11185093B2 (en) | 2021-11-30 |
DK2224823T3 (en) | 2015-06-29 |
JP2011505125A (ja) | 2011-02-24 |
EP2224823B2 (de) | 2021-11-17 |
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