CN105074621B - 用于触摸表面的压电致动虚拟按钮 - Google Patents
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Abstract
创建包括压电结构的触敏表面结构的系统和方法,该压电结构与可变形表面通信以使得该压电结构或者任何合适的压力感测设备能够感测到来自可变形表面上的触摸的压力并将该压力信号传递给致动电路。致动电路在接收到合适的压力信号之际向压电结构发送压电致动信号。在接收到压电致动信号之际,该压电结构能够向可变形表面传递足以使一个人的手指感觉到“点击”和/或触感的机械信号。在一个实施例中,压电致动信号包括足以使压电结构传递点击和/或触感的第一缓慢充电部分以及第二快速放电部分。
Description
背景
在触敏屏幕领域中,触摸致动通过人类触摸(因为人体具有已知的电容)与屏幕之间的电容式交互来实现是已知的。屏幕中的电容式传感器能够检测到不同于空气的轻微电容变化。结果,电容式传感器能够检测到邻近度、位置、移位等。
然而,采用电容技术来致动触摸屏表面上的“按钮”往往可能具有某些挑战。例如,电容式按钮可能往往感觉到不同于对于其致动具有“上”和“下”感觉的真实机械按钮。电容式按钮还可具有大量“假”读取-即,它们可能向系统(其检测触摸并解释其含义)糟糕地指示用户旨在按压屏幕上的虚拟按钮。
概述
以下提供了本创新的简化概述,以提供对本创新的某些方面的基本理解。该概述不是权利要求主题的广泛概览。既不是要标识所要求保护的主题的要点或关键性元素,也不是要详细描述本发明的范围。唯一的目的是以简化形式呈现所要求保护的主题的某些概念,作为稍后呈现的比较详细的描述的前奏。
创建包括压电结构的触敏表面结构的系统和方法,该压电结构与可变形表面通信以使得该压电结构或者任何合适的压力感测设备能够感测到来自可变形表面上的触摸的压力并将该压力信号传递给致动电路。致动电路在接收到合适的压力信号之际向压电结构发送压电致动信号。在接收到压电致动信号之际,该压电结构能够向可变形表面传递足以使一个人的手指感觉到“点击”和/或触感的机械信号。在一个实施例中,压电致动信号包括足以使压电结构传递点击和/或触感的第一缓慢充电部分以及第二快速放电部分。
在一个实施例中,公开了压电致动结构,所述结构包括:可变形层;压电层,所述压电层机械地匹配到所述可变形层;其中所述压电层(或合适的压力感测设备)能够感测施加给所述可变形层的压力;并且其中所述压电层能够响应于所述压力来向所述可变形层传送触觉响应。
在另一实施例中,公开了一种用于致动压电致动结构的方法,所述压电致动结构包括压电层、可变形层、压力感测设备,所述压电层机械地匹配到所述可变形层,该方法包括:接收施加给所述可变形层的第一压力;将所述第一压力传递给所述压力感测设备;将压力检测信号发送到感测电路;响应于所述压力检测信号,将压电致动信号从致动电路发送到所述压电层;以及响应于所述压电致动信号来通过移动所述压电层向所述可变形层传递机械信号。
在又一实施例中,触敏表面结构包括:触敏表面,所述触敏表面进一步包括可变形层;压电层,所述压电层与所述可变形层进行机械通信;压力感测设备,使得所需量的第一压力足以使所述压力感测设备发送第一压力感测信号;感测电路,所述感测电路与所述压力感测设备进行电通信,并且其中所述感测电路能够检测所述第一电感测信号;以及压电致动电路,所述压电致动电路与所述感测电路和所述压电层进行电通信,并且其中压电致动电路能够在接收到来自所述感测电路的压力感测信号之际向所述压电层发送压电致动信号。
当与本申请中呈现的附图结合阅读时,在下面的详细描述中呈现了本系统的其它特征和方面。
附图简述
在附图中所参考的图例中说明了示例实施例。其目的是应认为在此公开的实施例和图例是解说性的,而不是限制性的。
图1A和1B是如根据本申请的原理来制造的匹配到触敏表面上的可变形层的压电致动结构的两个实施例。
图2A和2B描绘了如根据本申请的原理来制造的可满足触敏表面的压电致动器结构的两个其他实施例。
图3A描绘了如在悬臂构造中制造的压电结构的一个实施例。
图3B描绘了压电结构的一个实施例的力对照移位的图示。
图4A和4B描绘了用于包括压电结构和电容感测结构的结构的控制线的两个实施例。
图5A和5B描绘了如根据本申请的原理来制造的信号驱动压电结构的波形的两个实施例。
图6是压电感测电路的一个实施例。
图7是压电驱动电路的一个实施例。
图8是与压电驱动电路和压电元件通信的压电控制器的一个实施例。
详细描述
如此处所使用的,术语“组件”、“系统”、“界面”等旨在指计算机相关实体,或者是硬件、软件(比如在执行中的),和/或是固件。例如,组件可以是在处理器上运行的进程、处理器、对象、可执行的、程序和/或计算机。借助示例,运行在服务器上的应用和服务器两者均可以是组件。一个或多个组件可留驻在进程中,并且组件可位于一个计算机上和/或分布在两个或更多个计算机之间。
参照附图描述所要求保护的主题事项,其中相同的附图标记贯穿全文地用来表示相同的要素。在下面的描述中,出于解释目的阐述了众多具体细节以便提供对主题创新的透彻理解。但是显而易见的是,没有这些具体细节也可实现权利要求的主题事项。在其他实例中,以框图形式示出公知的结构和设备以便于描述主题创新。
序言
在本系统中的许多实施例中,压电致动弯曲件可用于提供合适的虚拟按钮致动。在优选实施例中,“压电”可以指采用压电陶瓷材料(例如,PZT)的弯曲件,但它也可以指采用其他压电陶瓷材料(诸如电活性聚合物或机电聚合物)的弯曲件。弯曲件可以是便于应用(例如,触敏平板上的主页按钮、虚拟按钮等)的任何形式(例如,条、盘或任何其他所需形状)。在许多实施例中,此类压电致动弯曲件可以机械地匹配(例如,通过支承结构等来胶合、附连)到可以适当弯曲的触摸表面(例如,薄玻璃、塑料等)的表面,以模拟“按键开关”、机械按钮或某一其他触感。
此类压电致动按钮和/或弯曲件能够感测手指压力和/或位置-用于例如感测用户的有意按钮致动和/或防止无意按钮致动。在其他实施例中,采用一个或多个电容式传感器(除了压电致动弯曲件/按钮之外)来帮助感测手指位置、压力和运动以降低此类假肯定(即,无法检测到无意用户致动)和假否定(即,无法检测到有意用户致动)的发生率是可能的。
在其他实施例中,除了来自压电层和/或结构的压力感测之外,结合其他感测设备-例如,力敏电阻器(FSR)、压电阻元件、电容感测和/或本领域内已知的任何其他设备、装置和/或方法也是可能的。这些压力感测设备可以与本文提及的压电结构相结合-并且可以以任何可能的组合使用。事实上,一个实施例可以是用不基于压电的结构来感测压力(即使压电结构自身能够感测压力)。这可以满足本申请的目的(对于本文公开的许多实施例压力感测能力是可能的)。
在其他实施例中,使用定向传感器来告知系统(例如,使用此类触摸屏的智能电话或平板)按钮按压何时是有效或无效的是可能的。还可期望使得系统允许数字笔/铅笔在此类数字笔/铅笔正在使用时禁用和防止致动。
压电致动结构的实施例
图1A和1B是匹配到可变形层(102’、102,诸如在触敏表面上)的压电致动结构(104’、104)的两个可能实施例(分别为100’和100)。如图所示,压电致动结构可包括单层(104’)或多层(104)结构,这取决于各种因素,包括将压电结构机械匹配到可变形层(102’、102)的方式。在该实施例中,实现与粘结层106的合适的机械匹配是可能的。粘结层106将压电致动器108粘接到可变形层102。可变形层(102’、102)可包括玻璃(例如,“大猩猩玻璃”)或适用于透明显示的某一透明/半透明塑料层。
在一个实施例中,可变形层(102’、102)应具有合适的厚度(例如,取决于所使用的材料),以使得平均凹陷(例如,用户按压手指)允许合适的变形112以允许被传感器和/或电路检测到,如将在文本中讨论的。
图2A和2B是可满足触敏表面200的合适的压电致动器结构(分别为200’和200)的其他实施例。如同图1,如果将要采用压力感测,则可变形层(202’、202)在通过压电层(204’、204)且通过来自用户的触摸致动之际提供合适的变形/偏转。压电层(204’、204)可以如前通过任何已知的机械匹配(例如,粘结、胶合、化学粘接、机械固定等)机械地匹配到可变形层(202’、202),或者仅仅被定位成特别是在其中心点按压。
在图1A中,压电层204’也经由按压件结构206’(其也可以传递来自触摸或压电致动的压力)与层202’进行机械通信。压电层204’还由支承结构208’支承,如在图1A中看到的。支承结构可以机械地匹配到压电层和/或可以与压电层进行机械通信(例如,触摸)。
在图1B中,存在多个间隔安装部206。这些安装部206可将压电定位在远离可变形层202以允许压电以最优半径弯曲,同时在压电层204的中心点附近按压可变形层202。安装部206可提供与周围的压电和/或电容结构的足够量的电和/或机械隔离或阻尼。另外,安装部206可被构造成提供来自附近的用户触摸(例如,旨在针对触摸表面的一个区域但可能被混淆为旨在针对不同压电结构的触摸的触摸)的变形的机械阻尼。
在一个实施例中,可能期望模拟“虚拟按键开关”。这一开关可包括胶合到(或安装成抵靠)玻璃(例如,具有大约0.55mm厚度的大猩猩玻璃)的下侧的压电弯曲件(如图1和2所示),并且当用电脉冲和/或波形来刺激时,该压电弯曲件使玻璃弯曲并向人的手指传送强烈的感觉,从而模拟被致动的按键开关的体验。在一个实施例中,该脉冲在人的手指的按压和释放两者之际产生,由此创建完整的进/出按键开关体验。在其他实施例中,脉冲可以只在按压之际(或只在释放之际)产生,以模拟其它类型的开关,或者在轻触下产生以提供表面纹理的感觉以帮助人们在致动之前定位按钮-例如当处在黑暗中或者未直接看着按钮时。
压电致动的实施例
除了在以上图1A、1B以及2A和2B中提及的实施例之外,还存在可实现压电弯曲件和/或条的若干方式。当向压电条施加电压时,压电条尽力伸长或缩短。使用该效应,存在两个可能的实现,这两个实现可被实现为“单压电晶片”构造或“双压电晶片”构造。
在单压电晶片构造中,单个压电条可以匹配(例如,通过胶合或以其他任何已知的方式附连)到刚性背衬。作为对比,在双压电晶片构造中,两个压电结构可以胶合、机械地匹配和/或以其他方式在彼此之上分层。如果两个压电胶合在彼此之上,并且如果一个压电缩短而另一压电伸长,则整个结构将弯曲。
双压电晶片构造可以在三点安装构造(如图2A所描绘的)中运转良好,其中可能不期望将条沿其长度胶合至刚性结构。或者,单压电晶片构造或双压电晶片构造可以在悬臂构造(如图3A所描绘的)中工作。在图3A中,压电结构304可以匹配到夹具302(例如,如图所示嵌入至深度d-并且按需实现合适的变形)。压电304可包括允许在被致动时移位(被示为304’)的自由端。
一个实施例
在其中压电条沿着玻璃的整个长度胶合的实施例中,可能期望给予玻璃足够的移动自由度来弯曲。为此,可能期望提供粘结中的间隙深度,从而将玻璃固定至任何近旁结构,诸如边框或框架。
在具有该间隙深度(例如,20mm)的情况下,为以所需电压(例如,30V)驱动的压电条实现合适的变形范围(例如,可能10-12um变形)是可能的。以更高电压(例如,60V),实现更大的变形(例如,18-20um)是可能的。在一个实施例中,可能期望实现约40N/mm的有效玻璃刚度。
如在一些实施例中,较大的间隙可能不一定提供更大的灵活性-而较小的间隙可降低灵活性。然而,零间隙往往可能将玻璃限于非常小的变形(例如,在30V的2-3微米)。此类不同构造是可能的;但可能期望实现用以执行这些各种移位的感测元件。
为了更好的理解压电条的操作,压电条可被表征为以下方面:
BF(阻滞力):由条在被约束且不被允许移动时施加的力;以及
FD(自由移位):条在完全无阻扰时的移位。
这些规范具有特定上下文(如图3A所描绘的)。然而,这些规范适用于其中压电条沿玻璃长度被胶合(或以其他方式匹配)到玻璃并且变形出现在中间(例如,“三点安装”,藉此两端和中心点机械地匹配)的构造。压电条的刚性可以从BF/FD导出。在BF和FD的情况下,知道负载的刚性是可能的并且计算(或以其他方式建模)从静态观点来看的变形(即,在质量的惯性效应可被忽略且只考虑处于稳定状态的平衡力的情况下)是可能的。
触觉响应
在这些构造的情况下,为虚拟按钮创建触觉响应是可能的,该虚拟按钮:(1)可被定位至手指;(2)可以在触摸屏的任一定向中感觉到(例如,在手中、平放在桌子上、在用户的膝盖上、通过站在桌子上支撑等);(3)可能无需机械隔离;以及(4)可以在毗连玻璃板下运作。另外,这些构造可提供各种触觉响应,例如用以指示手指邻近度。
例如,在包括匹配到玻璃的下侧的压电条/弯曲件的实施例中,提供和/或传送诸如肯定的已定位点击感觉等触觉响应是可能的。在这种情况下,弯曲件使玻璃弯曲,并且用户可以在指尖上感觉到该感觉。另外,该实施例可以不需要“机械隔离”-即构造机械上不同的结构的需求。
邻近度感测和压力致动
由于压电条可被实现为宽带设备,因此压电条可以按各种方式驱动以创造不同的触觉感觉-例如从振动到点击。压电条还可“免费”用作压力传感器,以允许虚拟按钮交互的不同模态。
在一个实施例中,实现电容感测(“电容感测”或“电容式感应”)以便与本文描述的压电结构协同工作是可能的。电容感测可以如前那样运作,可用于检测邻近度,并且触发触觉振动,由此帮助用户定位按钮。压电结构的压力感测可帮助确定实际按钮致动。与压力协同工作的触觉可给予非常令人信服的虚拟按钮和/或按键开关感觉。
在一个实施例中,为了给予强点击感觉,计及峰值表面速度作为另一可能的控制参数(诸如峰值表面偏转)是可能的。例如,在一个实施例中,约20-30毫米/秒的峰值速度的目标可满足此类效应。
在该实施例中,可能期望具有合适的偏转。图3B是针对一个实施例建模的力对照移位的图示。如图所见,可能期望约10um的移位以感测致动-20-30um是更舒服的操作点。
在图3B的图示中,负载由线302表示,且压电的BF/FD性能由线304表示。所得偏转通过线在何处交叉以及力在何处平衡来给出。
在该示例中,在0.6N的BF、60微米的FD和40N/mm的玻璃负载的情况下,偏转约为12um。当然,不同的压电条可被设计成满足所需偏转。例如,具有更大BF和更小FD的条可能在相同点跨线。由此,一些设计可变为将压电条匹配到具有已知刚性和质量的负载,同时优化偏转和速度。
在一些实施例中,可能期望具有倾向于更大BF的压电条以便在需要时适应玻璃中的更大刚性以提供极少余裕。另外,BF和FD可通过改变压电几何形状来实现。在图3B中,对于特定压电设备,308示出了BF(零移位306时的力),而310示出了自由移位、无阻扰的静态移位。
使用具有压电结构的电容感测的实施例
如上所述,与压电致动协同采用电容感测是可能的和/或期望的。在这些实施例中,可能期望将电容感测与压电驱动信号屏蔽。在压电结构中,可能存在提供压电信号的多种方式。例如,图4A是包括压电404a和404b的压电结构的控制线的一个可能实施例。金属载板402(其可面向玻璃表面)可提供接地并且可能用作防护件。然而,如图4A所示的控制信号线406和408可能未被最优地设计。如图所示,线406被驱动至50V,并且可允许电干扰相邻的电容感测线。然而,在图4B中,如果线406和408的极性相反(如在线406’和408’中),则线406’接地-并且可防止耦合到电容感测线的噪声。
压电驱动信号
为了实现压电致动器的强烈按钮点击的感觉,从压电结构的高速偏转中创造这一感觉是可能的。用于创造该感觉的实施例可通过使用压电驱动信号的快速斜升来实现。
图5A和5B是用于合适的压电结构的此类驱动信号的两个可能实施例。在图5A中,可以看到存在用于对压电结构进行充电/通电的两个斜坡-第一高速(例如,快速)充电斜坡502(最多至第一充电电平-例如基本上在30-75V的范围内)以及之后的较慢衰减和/或放电(例如,缓慢)斜坡504。在具有用于压电结构的这种类型的驱动信号的情况下,点击感觉在波形的高速部分502期间出现。在较慢衰减部分504期间,手指可能往往没有感觉或具有少得多的感觉。
或者,在图5B中,具有较慢充电/通电斜坡502’(最多至第一充电电平-例如基本上在30-75V的范围内)以及之后的高速衰减斜坡504’是可能的。如前,点击感觉往往最后在波形的高速部分504’期间出现。手指在充电斜坡期间往往没有感觉(或具有少得多的感觉)。
尽管两个驱动信号对于本系统均是可能的,但图5B的驱动信号从限制电流脉冲的大小的角度来看可能是合乎需要的。对于某些设计,该限制可以在100-200mA的范围内。可能期望在较长时间段(例如,长于1-2ms斜坡)内达到第一充电电平以保持在此类电流限制内。由此,虽然用较大的有效容积来降低电流汲取尖峰是可能的,但可能期望避免增加的花费和板面积需求。
在其他实施例中,设计用以驱动充电循环的PWM,以及用以驱动放电循环的单独PWM是可能的。由于驱动电路的实际限制或者创造其他感觉(诸如对于邻近度感测将会是有效的那些感觉)的需求,可能期望使用作为基函数的不对称三角形(或其他不对称波形)来构造驱动信号。改变高度、改变充电和放电时间以及改变驱动切换器的PWM的脉宽调度全都是用以实现不同感觉的可能变体。
在一个实施例中,在点击事件期间,压电首先可通过生成驱动单个FET/电感器/二极管升压电路的PWM来充电。PWM“打开”时间可以匹配到分立组件的特性-例如它可以是在电感器中建立最大电流所需的时间。将FET保留导通任意更长往往可能由于比合时更长地将电流分流到GND而浪费功率。总充电时间可通过改变PWM时段来控制。可控制充电时间以限制从例如系统的电池中取得的最大电流尖峰。
在一个实施例中,充电循环可以开环运行-即,PWM可以运行固定数目的循环(可能启发式地确定或者通过实验确定)以将压电充电至所需电压。然而,最终压电电压与PWM循环数之间的关系可取决于系统中的许多变量,包括实际压电电容、驱动器源电压、FET、二极管和电感器特性等。
一旦压电已经被充电至60V,它就可以被快速放电回到驱动器空闲电压(例如,约5V)。该放电可通过生成驱动放电FET/电阻器的另一PWM来执行。电阻器可提供对放电率的限制(例如,约600uS)-因此对于最大放电率,PWM可能非所需且可能仅仅敞开运行(100%占空比)。较慢的放电率然后可通过调整PWM占空比来实现。
如同充电,放电循环也可以开环运行,即使压电放电固定数目的循环是可能的。然而,可能期望具有合适数目的循环。否则,在压电上可能存在某一残留电压,这可构建过多重复的致动并且可干扰准确的压力感测。
在一个实施例中,可能期望闭合充电和/或放电循环上的环。可能期望具有可测量跨压电的电压的附加电路。由于用于驱动压电的高电压以及由压电在用作传感器时产生的低电压,可能期望在测量电路中具有多种增益模式。在增益模式之间切换可以是为了确保在诸如FET放大器和/或ADC输入等敏感组件上不超出电压限制。例如,在放电期间,可能期望将测量电路从低增益模式切换至高增益模式。然而,可能不期望太早地这样做-因为高电压可破坏测量电路中的组件。因此,可能期望首先在低增益模式中放电直到达到压电电压,当切换至高增益模式时,该压电电压仍旧可以在测量电路的操作范围内。然后继续在高增益模式中放电直到达到所需驱动器空闲电压是可能的。
取决于FET的特性,低增益模式中的最低可测量电压仍然可能高于高增益模式中的最高可测量电压。在这种情况下,可能期望在切换至高增益模式之前开环运行放电达若干附加PWM循环。
然而,闭合压电放电上的环的一个问题可能是相比于总压电放电时间,测量电路的时间常量可能并非是不显著的。因此,当系统感测到压电电压是如所需的时候,压电电压可能已经被放电超过该点。
由此,可能期望预期到该状况并且在所感测的电压稍微在所需目标以上时终止放电循环。例如,该电压偏移可被设计成使得可以留有压电上的稍微残余电压。这往往会通过在放电期间导通驱动器二极管来避免浪费功率。该偏移可以不在重复致动上累积,因为系统可以在每一致动后放电至基本上相同的电压。残余电压可以缓慢地放电至驱动器空闲电压(例如,经由测量电路中的漏泄和压电)在一个实施例中,压力感测算法可被设计成允许基线随着压电电压向下漂移而向下跟踪。
在另一实施例中,闭环放电可以在放电后在机械系统的长安定时间内起作用。由此,甚至在系统已经停止放电后,压电电压也可以在机械系统(压电、粘结、玻璃、手指等)安定到其最终稳定状况时继续改变。在一个实施例中,与总放电时间(<1ms)相比,该机械系统的时间常量(30-50ms)可能较长。通常,压电电压可以在停止放电后提升。如果系统在放电循环结束后立即尝试继续感测压电压力,则该系统可看到压电电压上升得足够快且足够远以指示压电上的增加的手指压力。
由此,可能期望在每一触觉事件(充电以及之后的放电)后,控制器可进入特殊触觉恢复模式。在该模式中,压力感测可被挂起并且压电电压约每10ms放电一次直到所指定的安定时间(35ms)期满。在该安定时间结束时,可以是机械系统足够安定并且压力感测被恢复的情况。
压电压力感测实施例
当将压电用作传感器时,测量跨压电的电压-例如当它未被作为致动器来驱动时-是可能的。如果压电未通过来自用户手指的任何压力来偏转,则该电压可能往往是由压电驱动器生成的空闲电压。该空闲电压可能由于组件变型、温度等而缓慢地变化。然而,校准去除这些缓慢变型以检测由于来自用户手指的压力而导致的压电偏转而产生的较快变型是可能的。将电流压电电压与经校准的基线电压进行比较并在差异超出阈值时“检测到”按压是可能的。因此,为了激活虚拟按钮,用户将稍微按下虚拟按钮传感器。
该实施例可以是足够敏感的,以使得仅仅在虚拟按钮上施加轻压力以供检测。在一个实施例中,压电驱动器可被激活以给予用户触觉反馈-例如按钮已被按压。该触觉反馈可包括压电电压从其起始点(例如,约5V)的逐渐(约10ms)爬升(例如,至约60V)加上压力导致的电压。一旦压电电压达到所需电平(例如,60V),则可以快速放电(例如,在约1-2ms内)。该快速放电创造按键开关被按压的“点击”感觉(和声音)。
一旦放电完成,则继续将压电用作压力传感器来确定来自用户手指的减小的压力何时指示虚拟按钮的“释放”是可能的。在一个实施例中,可能期望使用压电压力来检测按钮按压-同时使用电容式传感器来检测释放。该实施例可以向用户提供往往与机械按键开关一致的反馈。在该实施例中,可能期望检测释放并在用户手指实际上离开表面之前触发触觉反馈,否则点击将会被听到但不被感觉到。因此,用户手指的电容可以在发起按压触觉反馈之前被测量。在完成按压点击事件且机械系统已被允许安定之后,继续进行电容测量是可能的。该系统可跟踪所测量的峰值电容度量(例如,开始于就在按压触觉事件之前进行的测量)并在手指电容落到峰值的八分之七(例如,相对于非触摸基线电容)时检测按钮释放。这可允许系统具有敏感的释放阈值,同时仍然补偿触摸电容中的较大变化。另外,使用较低阈值(例如,峰值的二分之一)往往可以降低噪声导致的过早释放检测的概率。
在一个实施例中,系统可使用电容式防护传感器。当这些防护传感器中的任意被触摸时,虚拟按钮可被停用。这往往可以防止正在虚拟按钮区域中施加广泛压力(同时携带或握持产品)的用户激活虚拟按钮。因此,仅当系统看到电容式虚拟按钮传感器之一被触摸且没有防护传感器被触摸时,系统使压电压力传感器“就绪”并开始查找按压事件。传感器可保持“就绪”,只要虚拟按钮传感器之一被触摸且没有防护传感器被触摸。虚拟按钮传感器附近的触摸面板区域可被视作第三“防护传感器”。该区域内的任何触摸往往可以与触摸可以围绕虚拟按钮传感器的防护传感器具有相同的效果。
压电压力基线测量
在一个实施例中,压电压力基线可以是在压力传感器“就绪”时测量的最小压力。这往往可以确保如果用户用轻微压力在虚拟按钮上滑动他的手指,则这将不足以激活虚拟按钮。在按钮按压会被识别出之前,用户会用附加压力来有意地稍微按下虚拟按钮。
邻近度检测
在一些实施例中,在玻璃上可能不存在用以指示虚拟按钮的位置的表面特征。在这些实施例中,只通过感觉来定位虚拟按钮不是可能的。因此,为了帮助用户通过感觉来定位虚拟按钮,可实现邻近度检测触觉反馈。当用户通过一个防护传感器滑扫到虚拟按钮时,只要虚拟按钮传感器被触摸且没有任何防护传感器被触摸,就可激活特殊压电“起伏(rumble)”。该起伏可包括具有比普通点击事件更低的振幅(<60V)和更慢的放电边缘的触觉点击序列。每一样本时段可存在一次点击,或者每秒约100次点击。点击的振幅可随着总虚拟按钮传感器电容增加而增大,由此用户在他的手指变得更稳健地处在虚拟按钮传感器的中心时感觉到轻微的振幅增大。该起伏可以在固定数量的点击后停止,或者只要检测到任何防护传感器触摸或者移除虚拟按钮触摸就停止。点击次数可以按需选择(例如,15次点击或约150ms)以提供可用的邻近度检测。
另外,在一些实施例中,当虚拟按钮传感器被直接触摸且未滑扫过一个防护传感器时,抑制邻近度检测起伏是可能的。如果这未完成,则当用户正执行对虚拟按钮的直接有意按压时,该用户可以在按压点击之前感觉到邻近度起伏,这往往可以使按键开关反馈降级。
如果同时检测到多个防护传感器触摸,则可抑制邻近度检测起伏(以及虚拟按钮检测的就绪)直到所有触摸被移除。这往往可防止用户在该用户在虚拟按钮区域内握持或携带设备时感觉到任何起伏。
轻击检测
即使虚拟按钮可以用非常轻的按压来激活,但仍然期望检测针对未提供足够的压力来超出压力阈值的非常短的轻击的虚拟按钮激活。在一个实施例中,当一个虚拟传感器被触摸且未滑扫通过任一防护传感器时,虚拟按钮信号可被断言;但无法生成触觉反馈。如果触摸不久之后被移除且压力传感器未检测到高于压力阈值的虚拟按钮按压(并且如果在几个样本内该移除之后没有防护传感器触摸),则该触摸可被认为是有效轻击。虚拟按钮信号可被解除断言,可生成单个触觉点击,并且该系统可将该轻击解释为有效。
如果轻击的历时太长(约400ms),则可抑制轻击检测,不生成触觉点击,并且该轻击可被报告为无效。这可被实现以处置用户将他的手指停放在虚拟按钮上并旨在按压该虚拟按钮,但稍后改变他/她的主意并移除他/她的手指的情况。
如果在触摸被移除之前检测到压力导致的按压,则可对于该触摸的其余部分抑制轻击检测并且虚拟按钮按压可被检测到并被报告为正常。
压电驱动电路实施例
图6是压电感测电路的一个实施例,而图7是用于合适的压电结构的压电驱动电路的一个实施例。如可以看到,V1是电压源(例如,电池电压)。C4存储电荷,由此限制电流尖峰的大小。电感器L1/L2、二极管D1和FET M1形成切换组件。V2表示来自压电控制器的用于充电循环的PWM输出,可能在经过电平移位器以将电压骤升至所需电平(例如,5V)之后,以便更难地导通FET。V3表示来自压电控制器的用于放电循环的PWM输出。FET M2执行放电。R1、R7、D2、PFET M3、R8和R4形成压电感测电路。传感器输出端连接到压电控制器上的ADC通道。P-FET M3以低压电电压导通,并以高电压夹断,由此输出被反相:随着压力增加电压降低。可能期望在ADC输入的右侧增加与R4串联的滤波器。D2传导以便在压电被激活至高电压时保护M3。
图8是与压电驱动电路和压电元件通信的压电控制器的一个实施例。如上所述,压电元件804与压电驱动电路802通信。驱动电路802与压电控制器806进行进一步通信。压电控制器806可以向压电电路802提供驱动和/或控制信号(808)(例如,压电充电PWM信号、压电放电PWM信号),启用并获取用于感测电路的选择线,启用用于电平移位器的线(如果需要)。另外,压电驱动电路可以在需要时发回ADC信号的压电电压。另外,压电控制器806可控制虚拟按钮的电容感测系统(如果与压电结构集成)。
上文所描述的包括本发明的示例。当然,不可能出于描述所要求保护的主题的目的而描述组件或方法的每个可能的组合,但是,本领域技术人员可以认识到,本发明的许多进一步的组合和置换都是可以的。因此,所要求保护的主题旨在包含在所附权利要求书的精神和范围内的所有这样的更改、修改和变化。
具体来说,对于由上述组件、设备、电路、系统等等执行的各种功能,除非另外指明,否则用于描述这些组件的术语(包括对“装置”的引用)旨在对应于执行所描述的执行此处在所要求保护的主题的示例性方面所示的功能的所描述的组件的指定功能(例如,功能上等效)的任何组件,即使这些组件在结构上不等效于所公开的结构。关于这一点,还应认识到,本发明还包括了具有用于执行所要求保护的主题的各种方法的动作和/或事件的计算机可执行指令的系统以及计算机可读介质。
另外,尽管可相对于若干实现中的仅一个实现来公开本发明的一个特定特征,但是这一特征可以如对任何给定或特定应用所需且有利地与其它实现的一个或多个其它特征相组合。此外,就在说明书或权利要求书中使用术语“包括”和“含有”及其变体而言,这些术语旨在以与术语“包含”相似的方式为包含性的。
Claims (12)
1.一种压电致动结构,所述结构包括:
可变形层;
压电层,所述压电层机械地匹配到所述可变形层并且与电容感测结构协同工作以用于检测邻近度并触发触觉振动,并且在用户的手指变得更稳健地处在所述电容感测结构的中心时提供更大的振幅,所述振幅随着所述电容感测结构感测到的总电容的增加而增大,由此帮助用户定位按钮;以及
压力感测设备,
其中所述压电层能够响应于所述压力感测设备感测到的压力来向所述可变形层传送触觉响应。
2.如权利要求1所述的压电致动结构,其特征在于,所述压电层通过包括以下各项的组中的一者来机械地匹配到所述可变形层:粘结、推压件结构、支承结构和安装结构。
3.如权利要求1所述的压电致动结构,其特征在于,所述结构进一步包括:
推压件结构,所述推压件结构机械地匹配到所述可变形层,并且所述推压件结构能够机械地提供所述可变形层与所述压电层之间的通信;以及
支承结构,所述支承结构机械地匹配到所述压电结构并且还能够支承所述压电层。
4.如权利要求1所述的压电致动结构,其特征在于,所述压电层能够由第一波形致动;并且
其中所述压电层还能够在激活所述第一波形之际偏转第一偏转范围。
5.如权利要求4所述的压电致动结构,其特征在于,所述第一波形包括第一快速充电部分和第二缓慢放电部分。
6.如权利要求4所述的压电致动结构,其特征在于,所述第一波形包括第一缓慢充电部分和第二快速放电部分。
7.一种用于致动压电致动结构的方法,所述压电致动结构包括压电层、可变形层以及压力感测设备,所述压电层机械地匹配到所述可变形层并且与电容感测结构协同工作以用于检测邻近度并触发触觉振动,并且在用户的手指变得更稳健地处在所述电容感测结构的中心时提供更大的振幅,所述振幅随着所述电容感测结构感测到的总电容的增加而增大,由此帮助用户定位按钮,该方法包括:
接收施加给所述可变形层的第一压力;
将所述第一压力传递给所述压力感测设备;
将来自所述压力感测设备的压力检测信号发送到感测电路;
响应于所述压力检测信号,将压电致动信号从致动电路发送到所述压电层;以及
响应于所述压电致动信号来通过移动所述压电层向所述可变形层传递机械信号。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,向所述压电层发送致动波形进一步包括发送第一快速充电部分和第二缓慢放电波形。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,向所述压电层发送致动波形进一步包括发送第一缓慢充电部分和第二快速放电波形。
10.一种触敏表面结构,包括:
触敏表面,所述触敏表面进一步包括可变形层;
压电层,所述压电层与所述可变形层进行机械通信并且与电容感测结构协同工作以用于检测邻近度并触发触觉振动,并且在用户的手指变得更稳健地处在所述电容感测结构的中心时提供更大的振幅,所述振幅随着所述电容感测结构感测到的总电容的增加而增大,由此帮助用户定位按钮;
压力感测设备,使得所需量的第一压力足以使所述压力感测设备发送第一压力感测信号;
感测电路,所述感测电路与所述压力感测设备进行电通信,并且其中所述感测电路能够接收所述第一压力感测信号;以及
压电致动电路,所述压电致动电路与所述感测电路和所述压电层进行电通信,并且其中压电致动电路能够在接收到来自所述感测电路的压力感测信号之际向所述压电层发送压电致动信号,所述压电致动信号包括第一缓慢充电部分和第二快速放电波形。
11.一种包括用于执行如权利要求7-9中的任一项所述的方法的装置的计算机系统。
12.一种具有指令的计算机可读存储介质,所述指令在被执行时使机器执行如权利要求7-9中的任一项所述的方法。
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