CN104245524A - 集装箱 - Google Patents

集装箱 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104245524A
CN104245524A CN201380008807.3A CN201380008807A CN104245524A CN 104245524 A CN104245524 A CN 104245524A CN 201380008807 A CN201380008807 A CN 201380008807A CN 104245524 A CN104245524 A CN 104245524A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
freight container
freight
container
guiding piece
containers according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201380008807.3A
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English (en)
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CN104245524B (zh
Inventor
艾伦·洛佩兹
伊诺克·波菲尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bo Long International Co., Ltd.
Original Assignee
Belron Hungary Kft Zug Branch
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Publication of CN104245524A publication Critical patent/CN104245524A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN104245524B publication Critical patent/CN104245524B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

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    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/30—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure
    • B65D85/48—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure for glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62B—HAND-PROPELLED VEHICLES, e.g. HAND CARTS OR PERAMBULATORS; SLEDGES
    • B62B3/00—Hand carts having more than one axis carrying transport wheels; Steering devices therefor; Equipment therefor
    • B62B3/14—Hand carts having more than one axis carrying transport wheels; Steering devices therefor; Equipment therefor characterised by provisions for nesting or stacking, e.g. shopping trolleys
    • B62B3/16—Hand carts having more than one axis carrying transport wheels; Steering devices therefor; Equipment therefor characterised by provisions for nesting or stacking, e.g. shopping trolleys vertically stackable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62B—HAND-PROPELLED VEHICLES, e.g. HAND CARTS OR PERAMBULATORS; SLEDGES
    • B62B3/00—Hand carts having more than one axis carrying transport wheels; Steering devices therefor; Equipment therefor
    • B62B3/002—Hand carts having more than one axis carrying transport wheels; Steering devices therefor; Equipment therefor characterised by a rectangular shape, involving sidewalls or racks
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    • B65D7/00—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of metal
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    • B62B—HAND-PROPELLED VEHICLES, e.g. HAND CARTS OR PERAMBULATORS; SLEDGES
    • B62B2203/00—Grasping, holding, supporting the objects
    • B62B2203/20—Grasping, holding, supporting the objects using forks or tines
    • B62B2203/28—Guiding the forks into the pallets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
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    • B62B2207/00—Joining hand-propelled vehicles or sledges together
    • B62B2207/02—Joining hand-propelled vehicles or sledges together rigidly
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B65D2519/00273—Overall construction of the pallet made of more than one piece
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    • B65D2519/00323—Overall construction of the base surface made of more than one piece
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    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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    • B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
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    • B65D2519/00616—Connections structures connecting side walls, including corner posts, to each other structures not intended to be disassembled
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Abstract

用于物品的运输和/或存储的集装箱(1)设置有用于辅助该集装箱的提升的下悬提升构造(8、9)、集装箱可在其上移动的可旋转的支撑构件(10、11)和/或用于固定以并排关系定位的类似的集装箱以可释放地固定到彼此的装置(17)。本发明实现了以并排关系将集装箱固定在一起，并且在提取或装载地点之间一起移动/提升集装箱。在集装箱在配送提取/装载地点处装载有至少一些材料后，集装箱可被分离和分开，以用于分开地向前运输。

Description

集装箱
本发明涉及一种集装箱，并且特别地涉及适合于片状物品的运输和/或存储的集装箱，尤其是易碎的脆弱的或不均匀形状的物品，比如，例如不同尺寸的交通工具挡风玻璃或类似物。
在例如EP1737764和GB2408673中公开了现有技术的集装箱。这样的集装箱特别适合于汽车挡风玻璃的运输和存储。通常这样的集装箱在大型集中配送中心处装载有挡风玻璃，并且然后运输到本地仓库或车间，以便作为替换挡风玻璃而安装。
在大型集中配送中心处的需求是高的并且大型集装箱最适合于有效装载。根据本地仓库或车间处的要求，集装箱围绕配送中心在“提取”恰当地选择的挡风玻璃所需要的各种场所之间移动。装满选择订购的挡风玻璃的大型集装箱可以在较大的较忙的本地仓库或支店处被容易地容纳。然而，对于较小的、不太忙碌的本地仓库或支店，装载有待运输的较少的挡风玻璃的较小的集装箱将是优选的。明显的解决方案将是较大的集装箱装载有较少的集装箱。这将提供在集中配送中心处的无效率。
现在设计了一种改进的集装箱和处理或分配过程。
根据第一方面，本发明提供一种用于物品的运输和/或存储的集装箱，其中：
集装箱设置有用于辅助所述集装箱的提升的下悬提升构造，且还设置有可旋转的支撑构件，集装箱可在该可旋转的支撑构件上移动；和/或
集装箱设置有固定装置，用于使以并排关系定位的类似的集装箱被可释放地固定到彼此。
根据另一方面，本发明提供一种材料处理的方法，该方法包括：将多个集装箱以并排关系固定在一起，并且在多个提取或装载地点之间一起移动/提升集装箱；在集装箱在配送提取/装载地点处装载有至少一些材料后，分离和分开集装箱，以实现分开地向前运输。
在更广泛的范围内，本发明可以说是处理物品以用于从配送中心配送的方法，该方法包括：将多个集装箱结合在一起，从而实现在配送中心处的多个提取或装载地点之间一起移动/提升集装箱；在集装箱在配送提取/装载地点装载有至少一些材料后，分开集装箱，以使集装箱能够分开地向前运输。
通常，集装箱在覆盖区(footprint)上为长方形的，具有窄的宽边并具有相对长的长度。当以并排关系处理时，集装箱的长侧彼此相邻地定位。
通常，穿过集装箱的上部提供了将物品放入集装箱中或将物品从集装箱取出的入口。例如，集装箱可以具有开口的(或可开口的)顶部。
集装箱可包括框架结构，该框架结构通常界定底座和周边。通常，提供了直立的框架角柱。
固定装置布置成例如通过夹紧来固定并排相邻的集装箱的框架构件是优选的。
有益地，固定装置布置成固定以并排关系定位的类似的集装箱，使得它们可以一起被提升。夹在一起的集装箱因此可以例如在提取地点/站处被一齐提升。
在一个实施方案中，固定装置包括安装到或栓到集装箱的固定元件是优选的。这提供了不需要用于例如释放夹具或螺栓的分开的固定元件。
在优选的实施方案中，固定元件是从存放位置可展开到展开位置的，以用于固定到相邻定位的类似的集装箱。在存放位置，固定元件与集装箱框架的框架构件相接地放置是优选的。这确保其不孤立地挺立(standproud)，孤立地挺立将使固定元件容易损坏。
在一个实施方案中，固定元件枢转地安装到或铰接到集装箱框架，以便从存放位置枢转到展开位置。
固定元件配置成与设置在并排定位的集装箱上的互补的构造匹配地固定接合是优选的。在一个实施方案中，固定元件包括可缩回的螺栓或销(优选是弹簧偏置/弹簧承载的)，以用于与设置在并排定位的类似的集装箱的框架上的螺栓或销接纳孔可缩回地接合。固定元件优选包括凸缘或支座(abutment)，其移动到合适位置上以捕捉并排定位的集装箱的集装箱框架的竖直角柱。
接近集装箱的底座设置第一固定装置是优选的。
接近集装箱的顶部设置第二固定装置是优选的。
有益地，下悬提升构造包括用来容纳提升设备的提升叉的叉引导件，如叉式提升装置的提升叉。通常，两个叉引导件在集装箱的长侧上隔开并且通常靠近集装箱的转角设置。
相应的可旋转的支撑构件被设置用于相应的叉引导件并相邻地定位到相应的叉引导件是优选的。
通常，相应的叉引导件定位在相应的可旋转的支撑构件之外。在优选的实施方案中，叉引导件包括用于可旋转的支撑构件的支架构造支架座。
可旋转的支撑构件布置成确保叉引导件离开地板表面之上定位，使得集装箱能够可移动地支撑在可旋转的构件上。
通常，可旋转的支撑构件包括轮子或脚轮。
通常，集装箱具有直立角柱，其在高度上是可调整的。
通常，集装箱具有直立角柱，其设置有堆叠构造，该堆叠构造使类似的集装箱能够一个堆叠在另一个的顶上。
在优选的实施方案中，设置了两对相对定位的叉引导件，在集装箱的每一个相对的侧上有一对。
优选的是，为集装箱设置固定组件以确保当挡风玻璃堆叠在集装箱中时挡风玻璃相对于集装箱固定。固定组件可包括固定带可固定到其的立柱或其他直立组件，其可被围绕挡风玻璃紧固，以确保挡风玻璃被紧紧包装。通常，当固定于集装箱中时包装材料在挡风玻璃之间交错。在EP1737764中公开了示例性的固定组件。
本发明现在将在具体的实施方案中仅通过举例并参照所附的附图来描述：
图1为根据本发明的适合于诸如挡风玻璃的片状物品的运输和/或存储的集装箱的透视图。
图2为图1的集装箱的一部分的详图。
图3为图2的集装箱的部分的侧视图。
图4为集装箱的透视图，其中固定元件在部分展开位置。
图5为图4的部分展开的固定元件的详图。
图6为固定元件的详细部件视图。
图7为集装箱的端视图，其中固定元件在展开位置。
图8为以并排关系布置并且用固定元件夹紧的两个集装箱的端视图。
图9为图8所示的表示并排集装箱夹紧的布置的详图。
图10为根据本发明的集装箱的第二固定装置的透视图。
参照附图，在图1中示出了集装箱1的透视图。集装箱1为框架结构，包括4个角柱2、3、4、5；在集装箱的底座处的连接角柱的长形侧构件31；以及在底座处的端部框架元件18。还设置了连接在集装箱的相对的端部处的角柱4、5和角柱2、3的端部撑条32、33。沿集装箱的后部具有连接在集装箱的相对的端部处的角柱5、3的较高的纵向框架元件6。前纵向框架元件7连接前部角柱2、4。在图中可以清楚地看到集装箱的宽度明显比长度窄。侧板40、41、42、43、44安装到集装箱1的框架。在某些实施方案中，可以省略板中的一个或多个。
角柱2、3、4、5在长度上是可延伸的，并且在其最上范围处设置有插塞构造。每个角柱2、3、4、5的上端部分被伸缩地接纳，以允许整个长度的延伸。设置了锁定捕捉机构60(最佳地显示在图10中)以将伸缩地接纳的端部固定在相对于各自的角柱2、3、4、5不延伸的位置上。
在角柱2、3、4、5的每个各自的底脚处设置了各自的端部止动插槽12。端部止动插槽12在尺寸上成形为与插塞13匹配地接合(接纳插塞13)。因此，类似的集装箱1可以以插塞13接合在插槽12中来在彼此顶部上堆叠，将相似的集装箱1牢固地定位成在彼此顶部上堆叠。
为集装箱设置了固定组件14，以确保当挡风玻璃在集装箱中堆叠时固定到固定装置的固定带可在挡风玻璃周围被拉紧，以保证挡风玻璃被紧紧包装。通常当在集装箱中被固定时，包装材料在挡风玻璃之间交错。在EP1737764中公开了类似的固定组件。
集装箱的底座设置有下悬脚轮10、11并且还设有下悬叉引导件8、9。设置了四个叉引导件8、9，两个在集装箱的紧密邻近角柱2、3、4、5的前边缘处，并且两个在集装箱的后部处，与在集装箱的前部处的两个叉引导件对准。脚轮10、11安装于叉引导件的内侧。叉引导件包括臂延伸部8b、9b，臂延伸部8b、9b分别为脚轮10、11提供安装支座。布置成使得集装箱1可以利用脚轮10、11移动，叉引导件8、9完全离开地板表面。叉引导件8、9设置为接纳叉式升降设备的叉，例如在配送中心中常见的铲车。
集装箱1在每个相对的纵向端部处设置有固定设备17，固定设备17靠近集装箱的底座，用来牢固地并排地将类似的集装箱(1a、1b—见图8和图9)固定到一个和另一个，例如，以用于在配送中心处集装箱装载的目的。图2到图9更清楚地示出了在每个端部处设置的并排的固定设备17。如图6所示，布置包括固定元件或支架17，固定元件或支架17具有在固定元件或支架17的臂21的近端处的铰链座22，臂21在其远端处设置有横向延伸的凸缘部分25。凸缘部分25装有弹簧承载的可平移移动的可缩回销23，该销23安装在凸起部26中并设置有驱动拉环24。在图6的箭头A的方向上拉动拉环24确保销穿过固定元件的凸缘部分25缩回到凸起部26中。
如图中所示，固定元件或支架17通过铰链构造22安装到集装箱1的每个端部处的下框架元件18。固定元件或支架17在图2和图3中以存放构型示出，铰链构造22安装于框架构件18的最靠近前部角柱2、4的端部处。固定元件设置在集装箱的两个纵向的相对的端部处。在存放构型中，固定元件或支架17保持嵌在框架部分18的凹部中并且因此没有危害。在此位置，固定元件或支架17通过与拉环24接合的固定钩20被保持。通过从钩20脱离拉环，固定元件或支架17可以围绕铰链构造22从存放位置枢转到展开构型。
在图5中，固定元件或支架17被示出为部分地展开，移动到如图7到图9所示的完全展开位置。在完全展开位置，固定元件或支架17向外延伸超出集装箱的前部纵向边缘，并且设置为固定或联接到以并排关系定位的类似的集装箱的后部角柱5b(见图8和图9)。在展开位置，固定元件17的凸缘25邻近相邻的集装箱1b的后部角柱5b的面向前的表面定位。这是图8和图9中所示的构型。销23被弹簧承载以被推动成与设置在角柱5b中的凹部或接纳孔接合，或可选择地与角柱5b的远侧接合。在集装箱1a的另一个纵向端部处的固定元件类似地与后部角柱3b接合。在两种情况下，刚性的固定元件/支架17起作用为有效地且刚性地将第一集装箱的前部角柱2a、2b和并排相邻的集装箱1b的各自的后部角柱3b、5b联接在一起。
在集装箱的两个相对的纵向端部处靠近集装箱1a、1b的上部部分设置了第二联接装置。图10最清楚地示出了该布置。该布置包括固定捕捉器50，该固定捕捉器50安装在集装箱的每个端部处的后部角柱3、5上的枢轴51上。前部角柱2、4设置有钩构造53，捕捉器50的端部指状部分52布置成当两个相邻的集装箱1a、1b以并排关系安放时定位在钩构造53内。这确保除了通过下固定元件17的主要联接之外集装箱1a、1b的上部联接在一起。
使用时，根据本发明的集装箱提供了容易和快速的联接。这部分因为固定元件17和联接器50靠近集装箱的上部和下部设置的事实，并且也因为固定元件和联接器一体地与集装箱安装在一起使得不需要分开夹具或固定装置的事实。
在使用中，如所描述的，两个类似的集装箱1a、1b使用固定装置联接到一个和另一个，并且集装箱可以被利用叉式升降设备一起移动和一起提升。叉式升降叉8为此提供。这提供了在配送中心处将一对相似的集装箱有效地和简单地联接在一起以实现最有效地装载。联接的集装箱可以在各种提取地点或提取站之间被一起提升和移动并且集装箱根据所需求的容纳物作为联接体填充有所要求的各种形状和大小的挡风玻璃。
如前面提到的，在大型集中配送中心处的需求是高的并且大型集装箱最适合于有效装载。根据本地仓库或车间处的要求，集装箱围绕配送中心在“提取”恰当地选择的挡风玻璃所需要的各种场所之间移动。当分配给当地仓库或车间以用于最终使用时，装满选择订购的挡风玻璃的大型集装箱可以在较大的较忙的本地仓库或支店处被容易地容纳。然而，对于较小的、不太忙碌的本地仓库或支店，装载有待运输的较少的挡风玻璃的较小的集装箱将是优选的。明显的解决方案将是较大的集装箱装载有较少的集装箱。这将提供在集中配送中心处的无效率。本发明提供两全其美，因为联接的小型集装箱可以被一起处理，以用于在配送中心处装载并且然后被分开以用于向前运输到当地仓库或车间。
然后集装箱可从配送中心联接地或更可能地分开地运输。根据本发明的集装箱提供了分开的集装箱以独立地配送给不同的最终用户地点。在最终用户位置处，下悬在集装箱的底座以下的脚轮的提供使得集装箱能够容易地围绕没有叉式升降设备的位置移动。因此，根据本发明的集装箱提供了在供应链的相对的末端(配送中心和当地车间)处的方便的材料处理和配送。本发明已经关于其对于交通工具挡风玻璃的运输的效用和应用被特别定义。但是，很容易理解，本发明具有用于其他情况和其它集装箱容纳物的能力。

Claims (23)

1.一种用于物品的运输和/或存储的集装箱，其中：
所述集装箱设置有用于辅助所述集装箱的提升的下悬提升构造，且还设置有可旋转的支撑构件，所述集装箱能够在所述可旋转的支撑构件上移动；和/或
所述集装箱设置有固定装置，以用于使以并排的关系定位的类似的集装箱被可释放地固定到彼此。
2.根据权利要求1所述的集装箱，其中穿过所述集装箱的上部设置了用于将物品放入所述集装箱中或从所述集装箱取出物品的入口。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的集装箱，其中所述集装箱包括界定底座和周边的框架结构。
4.根据权利要求2所述的集装箱，其中所述固定装置布置成例如通过夹紧来固定并排相邻的集装箱的框架构件。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的集装箱，其中所述固定装置布置成固定以并排关系定位的类似的集装箱，使得集装箱能够一起被提升或移动。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的集装箱，其中所述固定装置包括安装到所述集装箱的固定设备或元件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的集装箱，其中所述固定设备或元件是从存放位置可展开为展开位置的，以用于固定到相邻定位的类似的集装箱。
8.根据权利要求7所述的集装箱，其中所述固定设备或元件被枢转地安装或铰接，以从所述存放位置枢转到所述展开位置。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的集装箱，其中所述固定设备或元件配置成与设置在并排定位的集装箱上的互补的构造匹配地固定接合。
10.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的集装箱，其中接近所述集装箱的所述底座设置了固定装置。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的集装箱，其中接近所述集装箱的顶部设置了固定装置。
12.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的集装箱，其中所述下悬提升构造包括用于接纳提升设备的提升叉的叉引导件。
13.根据权利要求12所述的集装箱，其中相应的可旋转的支撑构件被设置用于相应的叉引导件并相邻地定位到相应的叉引导件。
14.根据权利要求13所述的集装箱，其中相应的叉引导件定位在相应的可旋转的支撑构件之外。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的集装箱，其中所述叉引导件包括用于所述可旋转的支撑构件的支架构造支架座。
16.根据权利要求13到15中任一项所述的集装箱，其中所述可旋转的支撑构件布置成确保所述叉引导件离开地板表面之上定位，使所述集装箱能够可移动地支撑在可旋转的构件上。
17.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的集装箱，其中所述可旋转的支撑构件包括轮子或脚轮。
18.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的集装箱，其中所述集装箱具有直立角柱，所述直立角柱在高度上是可调整的并且包括使类似的集装箱能够一个堆叠在另一个顶上的构造。
19.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的集装箱，其中所述集装箱具有直立角柱，所述直立角柱设置有堆叠结构，使类似的集装箱能够一个堆叠在另一个顶上。
20.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的集装箱，其中设置了两对相对定位的叉引导件，在所述集装箱的每一个相对的侧上有一对。
21.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的集装箱，其中所述集装箱具有短的宽度和相对长的长度。
22.一种材料处理方法，所述方法包括：将多个根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的集装箱以并排关系固定在一起，并且在多个提取或装载地点之间一起移动/提升所述集装箱；在所述集装箱在配送提取/装载地点处装载有至少一些材料后，分离和分开所述集装箱，以实现分开地向前运输。
23.一种处理物品以用于从配送中心配送的方法，所述方法包括：将多个集装箱结合在一起，从而实现在所述配送中心处的多个提取或装载地点之间一起移动/提升所述集装箱；在所述集装箱在配送提取/装载地点处装载有至少一些材料后，分开所述集装箱，以实现分开地向前运输。
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MX349605B (es) 2017-08-03
RS56201B1 (sr) 2017-11-30
NZ626625A (en) 2016-06-24
EP2812256B1 (en) 2017-04-12
SI2812256T1 (sl) 2017-12-29
US9944448B2 (en) 2018-04-17
KR20140128331A (ko) 2014-11-05
US20150016928A1 (en) 2015-01-15
WO2013117569A1 (en) 2013-08-15

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