CN103827444A - 采掘机的原料处理系统 - Google Patents
采掘机的原料处理系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于从矿壁切削原料的采掘机,该采掘机包括可移动以接合矿壁的刀头、定位成靠近刀头并包括用于接纳从矿壁切削的原料的入口的真空风道,以及用于减小进入真空风道的原料尺寸的分级机,分级机定位成靠近入口。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2011年8月3日提交的共同待审查美国临时专利申请第61/514542号、2011年8月3日提交的美国临时专利申请第61/514543号以及2011年8月3日提交的美国临时专利申请第61/514566号的优先权权益,其全部内容以参考的方式纳入本文。还以参考的方式将2012年8月3日提交且题为“AUTOMATED OPERATIONS OF A MININGMACHINE(采掘机的自动化操作)”的PCT专利申请第PCT/US2012/049532号(律师档案第051077-9192-WO00号)和2012年8月3日提交且题为“STABILIZATION SYSTEM FOR MINFNGMACHINE(采掘机的稳定系统)”的美国非临时专利申请第13/566150号(律师档案第051077-9239-US00号)的全部内容纳入本申请。
技术领域
本发明还涉及切削设备且具体涉及连续地下采掘机。
背景技术
传统上,在切削和建造工业中硬岩的挖掘已采取爆破挖掘或卷边盘形刀具挖掘的两种形式之一。爆破切削必须在被挖掘的岩石中钻相对小直径的样孔以及用炸药填充这些孔。接着以设计成将通过合适装载和运输设备随后移走所需体积的岩石破碎的顺序引爆炸药。然而,形成的岩石产物的相对不可预测的尺寸分布使下游处理复杂化。
岩石的机械破碎消除炸药的使用;然而,卷边刀具需要施加非常大的力以将岩石在挖掘情况下压碎和破碎。对于传统地下采掘机,刀盘使原料从矿壁脱离。原料掉到在刀盘下的矿井地面上且被引导到运送离开矿壁的输送器上。该操作产生大量粉尘和残渣且导致被切削原料的损失。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,本发明提供一种用于从矿壁切削原料的采掘机。采掘机包括可移动以接合矿壁的刀头、定位成靠近刀头并包括用于接纳从矿壁切削的原料的入口的真空风道,以及用于减小进入真空风道的原料尺寸的分级机,分级机定位成靠近入口。
在另一实施例中,本发明提供采掘机的原料处理系统,采掘机包括刀头。原料处理系统包括:包括原料收集器的抽吸源;真空管,该真空管在抽吸源和采掘机之间延伸,真空管包括定位成靠近刀头的入口,入口接纳通过刀头从矿壁切削的原料,真空管与抽吸源流体连通以将所切削的原料从入口运送到原料收集器;以及分级机,该分级机用于减小进入真空风道的原料的尺寸,分级机定位成靠近入口。
在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种处理通过包括刀头的采掘机切削的原料的方法。该方法包括:从矿壁切削原料;在所切削的原料导向真空管入口时将所切削的原料减小到所需尺寸;以及将所切削的原料通过真空管运送到原料收集器。
在又一个实施例中,本发明提供一种用于从矿壁切削原料的采掘机。采掘机包括:可移动以接合矿壁的刀头、刀头可绕定向成基本垂直于矿井地面的轴线枢转,以及定位成靠近刀头的真空风道,真空风道包括用于接纳从矿壁切削的原料的入口。
本发明的其它方面通过考虑详细描述和附图将会变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1是采掘机的立体图。
图2是图1的采掘机的侧视图。
图3是切削机构的立体图。
图4是图3的切削机构的立体分解图。
图5是图3的切削机构的刀盘的剖视图。
图6是刀盘的正视立体图。
图7是真空风道的下部立体图。
图8是图7的真空风道的立体分解图。
图9是脱水设备的侧视图。
图10是喷射块的立体图。
图11是根据另一实施例的真空风道的下部立体图。
具体实施方式
在详细解释本发明的任何实施例之前,应理解本发明的应用不限于以下说明书中阐述或附图中示出的结构的细节和部件的布置。本发明可具有其它实施例并可以其它方式实践或实施。而且,应理解本文所采用的措辞和术语是为说明的目的而不应认为是限制。本文中“包含”、“包括”或“具有”及其变型的使用意思是包括此后所列项目及其等同物以及另外项目。术语“安装的”、“连接的”和“联接的”广泛地被使用以及包括直接和间接的固定、连接和联接。另外,“连接的”和“联接的”不管是直接还是间接,不限于物理的或机械的连接或联接,以及可包括电气的或液压的连接或联接。而且,电子通讯和通知可使用包括直接连接、无线连接等的任何已知方式实施。
图1和2示出与连续采掘机14一起使用的原料处理系统10。采掘机14包括切削机构22。在描述原料处理系统10之前,将详细描述采掘机14和切削机构22。
如图3和4中所示,切削机构22包括刀盘26、限定纵向轴线34的臂30、用于将刀盘26附接到臂30的支架42,以及枢转组件50,该枢转组件联接到采掘机14且允许臂30垂直地枢转。刀盘包括法兰54和三个开口58(图4),每个开口可松开地接纳盘形刀具组件66。盘形刀具组件66彼此间隔开并沿独立的轴线定向。每个盘形刀具组件66限定纵向转动轴线70,以及盘形刀具组件66彼此间隔开并以一个角度安装使得转动轴线70不平行且不会相交。例如,在如图3中所示的实施例中,中间盘形刀具组件66a的轴线70a基本上与臂30的纵向轴线34同轴。下盘形刀具组件66b的轴线70b与中间盘形刀具组件66a的轴线70a成一定角度。上盘形刀具组件66c的轴线70c与下盘形刀具组件66b的轴线70b和中间盘形刀具组件66a的轴线70a成一定角度。当刀盘26接合矿壁时,盘形刀具组件66的这种布置产生均匀切削。另外实施例可包括以各种位置布置的更少或更多盘形刀具组件66。
如图5中所示,刀盘26还包括吸收质量74,由诸如铅的重原料制成的该吸收质量74位于包围三个开口58的刀盘26的内部容积中。通过使三个离心地驱动的盘形刀具组件66共用公共重物重量,需要较少总重且允许更轻和更紧凑设计。在一个实施例中,大约6吨在三个盘形刀具组件66中共用。安装布置构造成对由每个盘形刀具组件66施加的大约平均力作出反应,而最大切削力被吸收质量74吸收而不是被臂30(图3)或其他支撑结构吸收。每个盘形刀具组件66的质量相对远小于吸收质量74。
如图4中所示,臂30包括顶部82和底部86。支架42包括法兰94。支架42以诸如焊接的任何合适方式固定到臂30。支架42通过U形沟槽98附接到刀盘26。每个沟槽98接纳刀盘法兰54和支架法兰94以将刀盘26固定到支架42。弹性套筒(未示出)放置在刀盘26和支架42之间以将刀盘振动与臂30隔离开。
盘形刀具组件66被驱动成以离心方式移动。例如,这通过使用驱动轴(未示出)驱动盘形刀具组件66完成,该驱动轴具有限定第一转动轴线的第一部分和限定第二转动轴线的第二部分,第二转动轴线径向地偏离第一转动轴线。离心移动的大小与轴的每个部分的转动轴线之间的径向偏离量成比例。在一个实施例中,偏离量是几毫米,以及盘形刀具组件66通过相对小幅度以诸如大约3000RPM的高频率离心地驱动。
盘形刀具组件66的离心移动产生抵靠被采掘的矿物的类似手提钻的动作,致使岩石拉伸断裂,从而将岩石碎片从岩石表面移走。岩石中产生拉伸断裂所需的力小于传统卷边盘形刀具移除同量岩石所需的力一个数量级。具体地说,盘形刀具组件66抵靠下表面的动作类似于凿子在诸如岩石的易碎原料中发生拉伸应力的动作,该动作致使有效地拉力破坏。在另一实施例中,盘形刀具66还可垂下使得当盘形刀具66振荡时转动轴线以正弦曲线方式移动。这可通过使盘形刀具驱动轴绕其转动的轴线有角度地转动偏离盘形刀具壳体而完成。
采掘机14通过将臂30向被采掘的原料推进第一增量距离、枢转臂30以切削原料以及接着将臂30向被采掘的原料推进第二增量距离而得以操作。在操作过程中,当臂30沿第一方向(如图3中从臂30的顶部看顺时针)绕枢转组件50枢转时,下盘形刀具组件66b第一个接触被采掘的矿物。这致使下盘形刀具组件66b将远离矿壁的原料移出。当中间盘形刀具组件66a接触被采掘的矿物时,在中间盘形刀具组件66a下面的空间被下盘形刀具组件66b打开,因此由中间盘形刀具组件66a移出的原料远离矿壁。同样地,当上盘形刀具组件66c接合原料时,在上盘形刀具组件66c下面的空间打开,以及由上盘形刀具组件66c移出的原料掉到地面。由于前面盘形刀具在最低位置,由前面盘形刀具移出的原料不会被随后盘形刀具再次压碎,减小对盘形刀具的磨损。另外,定位盘形刀具组件66使得每个盘形刀具66切入被切削的原料同等深度。这防止可阻碍采掘机10的进度的被采掘矿物中的不均匀性。
原料处理系统10可与上述连续采掘机14组合使用或可与2007年8月31日提交的美国专利第7,934,776号所述的采掘机组合使用,其全部内容以参考方式纳入本文。以下详细描述原料处理系统10。
图6示出切削机构22和原料处理系统10。刀盘26包括第一或前侧522和第二或后侧526。原料处理系统10用于收集、带走和移除由连续采掘机14切削的原料。原料处理系统10另外捕集粉尘和回收不然会损失的精细原料颗粒。
参照图6和7,原料处理系统10包括真空系统534和夹带系统538(图6)。真空系统534包括真空风道542、靠近真空风道542的分级机546(图7)以及真空转移管550。以下在描述真空系统534之后描述夹带系统538。
参照图6-8,真空风道542定位成靠近刀盘26的后侧526且包括刮刀板554、护罩556(图8)和抽吸入口或斜槽558。在一个实施例中,真空风道542包括加强耐磨结构。刮刀板554塑造成切削面的形状。刮刀板554用于容纳、刮除并将所切削原料引入抽吸斜槽558。例如,刮刀板554由钢制成。耐磨条562(图7)安装在刮刀板554上并与大部分所切削的原料直接接触。护罩556(图8)引导所切削的原料通过分级机546。
如图7中所示,抽吸斜槽558安装到真空风道542并定位成远离矿壁。抽吸斜槽558相对于地面或支撑面倾斜一个角度,以及包括设计成优化原料流动的喉状区566。在所示实施例中,抽吸斜槽558的角度相对于地面大约45度。滑环形成位于与喉状区566相反向的抽吸斜槽558一端上的法兰570,使得真空转移管550(图6)可在法兰570处固定到抽吸斜槽558。
参照图7和8,分级机546定位在靠近抽吸斜槽558的真空风道542内。分级机546包括联接到电动机580的轴578和联接到轴578的多个锤582。轴578通过轴承584联接到风道542(图8)。在所示实施例中,轴578包括联接到轴578并利用轴578转动的六对保持支架586。每对保持支架586接纳锤582之一并将锤582固定到轴578。当电动机580转动轴578时,锤582撞击通过轴578周围并进入斜槽558的岩石和所切削的原料,从而使岩石破碎。在所示实施例中,锤582由耐磨厚钢板制成并设计成耐撞击强度。每个锤582的几何尺寸设计成对所切削的岩石施加最大破坏力。
在所示实施例中,保持支架586以成对方式布置使得一个保持支架586联接到轴578的一侧且另一个保持支架586联接到与该一侧直径对置的轴578的另一侧。各对支架586沿轴578的长度定位在不同点。保持支架586相对于彼此偏离一个角度使得每个锤582与其它锤582处于不同角度位置。在另一实施例中,分级机546可包括更少或更多的保持支架586和锤582。而且,保持支架586可采用除了以成对方式外的方式构造,以及保持支架586可沿轴578以平行对准方式定位使得锤582在转动过程中彼此平行。
图11示出真空风道942和分级机946的另一实施例。所示的真空风道942和分级机946与以上参照图1-8所述的真空风道542和分级机546相似,以及相似的特征用相似附图标记加上400表示。
如图11中所示,真空风道942包括刮刀板954、抽吸入口或斜槽958和裙部960。在所示实施例中,裙部960包括多条钢丝绳964,该多条钢丝绳悬挂在真空风道942下以带走并引导所切削的原料进入真空风道942。分级机946包括联接到电动机980的转筒978和联接到转筒978的多个截齿988。在一个实施例中,转筒978通过衬套(未示出)联接到风道942。截齿988从转筒978延伸并定向成接合通过转筒978的所切削的原料。当电动机980转动转筒978时,截齿988撞击通过转筒978周围并进入斜槽958的岩石和所切削的原料,从而使岩石破碎。图11的实施例提供分级机946的坚固安装结构,从而允许使用更高转矩的电动机980。另外,该结构方便触及分级机946的部件以便润滑,以及提供改善的抽吸流动效率。
再次参照图6,真空转移管550通过安装支撑(未示出)刚性附接到刀盘26,以及包括第一刚性部分594、第二刚性部分598以及联接在第一刚性部分594和第二刚性部分598之间的柔性软管602。第一刚性部分594包括联接到柔性软管602的第一端部606和联接到真空管612的第二端部610(图2),该真空管612与脱水设备634(图9)流体连通以便提供在管612中的抽吸。第二刚性部分598联接到法兰570和柔性软管602以提供抽吸斜槽558和柔性软管602之间的流体连通。软管602的柔性适应抽吸斜槽558和第一刚性部分594中的可能的对准和制造误差。如果在抽吸斜槽558中碰到堵塞,那柔性软管602使得能够快速拆卸和检查。
在其它实施例中,第二风道安装在刀盘26上。第二风道安装在刀盘26的前侧552上的侧板上。第二风道在刀盘26回摆期间被致动成移除任何剩余的所切削的原料。在又一实施例中,真空风道542可安装在延伸的和/或第二悬臂结构上或第二刀盘上。
再次参照图6,夹带系统538包括第一喷射块614、第二喷射块618和裙部622。主喷射块614包括多个喷射管嘴626且位于刀盘26的前侧522上。第二喷射块618包括多个喷射管嘴626且定位成靠近刀盘26。图10示出第二喷射块618的示例。如图6中所示,裙部622包括接触矿壁的多个加强垫630。在一个实施例中,裙部622由钢制成而垫630由橡胶制成。
当从矿壁切削岩石时,裙部622和来自喷射块614、618的高压水容纳在靠近矿壁区域内的所切削的材料。主喷射块614清理在下盘形刀具组件66b下面的所切削的材料,同时第二喷射块618带走在刀盘26下积聚的原料。喷射块614、618将原料推向真空风道542。所切削的材料被沿裙部622引导并馈送到真空风道542,由此,转动锤582撞击和破开岩石。由脱水设备634提供的抽吸拉动夹带水的岩石原料通过喉状区566、抽吸斜槽558并进入转移管550。
如图9中所示,所切削的原料从切削机构22(图2)通过柔性管612并运送到脱水设备634。脱水设备634包括提供管612中的抽吸和收集所切削的原料的收集系统636、振动筛638和微型输送器642。在原料沉积在收集器636中之后,原料卸放到将岩石与水分离的振动筛638上。脱水后的原料接着转移到微型输送器642,原料从微型输送器642卸放到矿用输送器646并运走以进一步处理。
通过真空系统控制器(未示出)从机器14控制真空系统534,该真空系统控制器与机器控制器无线链接。在另一实施例中,可使用其它连接方法。在自动化切削序列过程中,通过远程手动和自动都能够启动和停止真空系统534。真空系统534还能就地启动,诸如在启动箱上。
当选择自动切削序列时,“启动”命令信号发送给真空系统控制器且仅当“真空运行”的反馈信号从真空系统控制器给出时切削继续。在真空系统控制器和机器控制器之间的通讯失去的情况中,同时真空系统534在运行中,真空系统534将保持在运行状态但可就地停止。
在切削周期过程中,监视真空压力。如果真空压力降到预定限制以下,或如果真空系统534停止,那控制系统允许当前自动切削序列完成。当自动切削序列完成时,自动切削停止序列开始。
因此,除其他之外,本发明可提供用于将由连续采掘机切削的原料带走和改变尺寸并将其输送远离矿壁。系统还可包括将原料减小到所需尺寸的分级机。
本发明的各种独立特征和独立优点在以下权利要求书中阐述。
Claims (29)
1.一种用于从矿壁切削原料的采掘机,所述采掘机包括:
刀头,所述刀头可移动以接合所述矿壁;
真空风道,所述真空风道定位成靠近所述刀头,所述真空风道包括接纳从所述矿壁切削的所述原料的入口;以及
分级机,所述分级机用于减小进入所述真空风道的原料的尺寸,所述分级机定位成靠近所述入口。
2.如权利要求1所述的采掘机,其中,所述刀头可绕轴线枢转以接合所述矿壁,所述轴线定向成基本上垂直于矿井地面。
3.如权利要求1所述的采掘机,其中,所述刀头包括前侧和后侧,所述前侧在所述后侧之前可移动进入所述矿壁,以及其中所述真空风道定位成靠近所述刀头的后侧。
4.如权利要求1所述的采掘机,其中,所述分级机包括轴和联接到所述轴的至少一个锤,所述锤从所述轴延伸并随着所述轴转动撞击进入所述真空风道的原料。
5.如权利要求1所述的采掘机,其中,所述分级机包括转筒和联接到所述转筒的至少一个截齿,所述截齿随着所述转筒转动撞击进入所述真空风道的原料。
6.如权利要求1所述的采掘机,其中,所述分级机定位在所述真空风道外部,所述分级机在所述入口接纳原料之前撞击所述原料。
7.如权利要求1所述的采掘机,还包括夹带系统,所述夹带系统包括:喷水块,所述喷水块提供水帘以便带走在所述刀头附近区域中的所切削的原料;以及
原料偏转器,所述原料偏转器用于将所切削的原料引向所述真空风道的入口,所述原料偏转器联接到所述刀头。
8.如权利要求1所述的采掘机,其中,所述真空风道包括刚性部分和柔性部分,所述柔性部分可拆卸地联接到所述刚性部分。
9.一种用于采掘机的原料处理系统,所述采掘机包括刀头,所述原料处理系统包括:
抽吸源,所述抽吸源包括原料收集器;
真空管,所述真空管在所述抽吸源和所述采掘机之间延伸,所述真空管包括定位成靠近所述刀头的入口,所述入口接纳通过所述刀头从矿壁切削的原料,所述真空管与所述抽吸源流体连通以将所切削的原料从所述入口运送到所述原料收集器;以及
分级机,所述分级机用于减小进入真空风道的原料的尺寸,所述分级机定位成靠近所述入口。
10.如权利要求9所述的原料处理系统,其中,所述入口定位成靠近所述刀头的后侧。
11.如权利要求9所述的原料处理系统,其中,所述分级机包括轴和联接到所述轴的至少一个锤,所述锤从所述轴延伸并随着所述轴转动撞击进入所述真空风道的原料。
12.如权利要求9所述的采掘机,其中,所述分级机包括转筒和联接到所述转筒的至少一个截齿,所述截齿随着所述转筒转动撞击进入所述真空风道的原料。
13.如权利要求9所述的原料处理系统,其中,所述分级机定位在所述真空管外部,所述分级机在由所述入口接纳原料之前撞击所述原料。
14.如权利要求9所述的原料处理系统,还包括喷水块,所述喷水块提供用于带走在所述刀头附近区域中的所切削的原料的水帘。
15.如权利要求9所述的原料处理系统,还包括筛,所述筛用于将由所述真空风道接纳的所切削原料与水分离。
16.一种用于处理通过包括刀头的采掘机切削的原料的方法,所述方法包括:
从矿壁切削所述原料;
当所切削的原料被引向真空管入口时,将所切削的原料减小到所需尺寸;以及
将所切削的原料通过所述真空管运送到原料收集器。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中,切削所述原料包括沿第一方向绕基本上垂直于矿井地面的轴线枢转所述刀头。
18.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中,从所述矿壁切削所述原料包括将所述刀头移动进入所述矿壁使得在所述刀头的后侧接合所述矿壁之前所述刀头的前侧接合所述矿壁,以及
其中运送所切削的原料包括使所切削的原料进入定位成靠近所述刀头的后侧的入口。
19.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中,减小所切削的原料包括利用分级机撞击所述原料,所述分级机具有轴和联接到所述轴的至少一个锤,所述锤从所述轴延伸并随着所述轴转动撞击进入所述真空风道的原料。
20.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中,减小所切削的原料包括利用分级机撞击所述原料,所述分级机具有转筒和联接到所述转筒的至少一个截齿,所述截齿随着所述转筒转动接合进入所述真空风道的原料。
21.如权利要求16所述的方法,还包括:带走在所述刀头附近区域中的所切削的原料。
22.如权利要求16所述的方法,还包括:在所述真空管中将所切削的原料与水分离。
23.一种用于从矿壁切削原料的采掘机,所述采掘机包括:刀头,所述刀头可移动以接合所述矿壁,所述刀头包括用于从所述矿壁切削原料的至少一个振荡盘形刀具,所述刀头可绕定向成基本上垂直于矿井地面的轴线枢转;以及
真空风道,所述真空风道定位成靠近所述刀头,所述真空风道包括接纳从所述矿壁切削的所述原料的入口。
24.如权利要求23所述的采掘机,还包括分级机,所述分级机用于减小进入所述真空风道的原料的尺寸,所述分级机定位成靠近所述入口。
25.如权利要求24所述的采掘机,其中,所述分级机包括转动轴和联接到所述轴的至少一个锤,所述锤从所述轴延伸并随着所述轴转动撞击进入所述真空风道的原料。
26.如权利要求24所述的采掘机,其中,所述分级机包括转筒和联接到所述转筒的至少一个截齿,所述截齿随着所述转筒转动撞击进入所述真空风道的原料。
27.如权利要求24所述的采掘机,其中,所述分级机定位在所述真空风道外部,所述分级机在原料被所述入口接纳之前撞击所述原料。
28.如权利要求23所述的采掘机,其中,所述刀头包括前侧和后侧,所述前侧在所述后侧之前移动进入所述矿壁,以及其中所述真空风道定位成靠近所述刀头的后侧。
29.如权利要求23所述的采掘机,还包括夹带系统,所述夹带系统包括:
喷水块,所述喷水块提供用于带走在所述刀头附近区域中的所切削的原料的水帘;以及
原料偏转器,所述原料偏转器用于将所切削的原料引向所述真空风道的入口,所述原料偏转器联接到所述刀头。
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