CN103797083B - 柔软的双马来酰亚胺、苯并嗪、环氧酐加合物混合粘合剂 - Google Patents
柔软的双马来酰亚胺、苯并嗪、环氧酐加合物混合粘合剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103797083B CN103797083B CN201180072622.XA CN201180072622A CN103797083B CN 103797083 B CN103797083 B CN 103797083B CN 201180072622 A CN201180072622 A CN 201180072622A CN 103797083 B CN103797083 B CN 103797083B
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- bmi
- epoxy
- anhydride
- setting adhesive
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- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract
本发明提供在高温及高湿度环境下具有低压力及优秀的粘合特性,且在低压力、高湿润的电子产品风中装可用于粘接剂中的树脂合成物。较佳为柔软的环氧酐加成物改性固体双马来酰亚胺及固体苯并嗪树脂合成物,其可在高温及高湿度环境下使用,维持优秀的粘合强度,而且,可最大限度地减少作为球阵列焊接掩膜、智能卡聚酯合成纤维或银或铜金属引线框的基板和硅片之间因热膨胀系数不协调所导致的压力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电子装置封装用混合热固性树脂合成物。具体而言,本发明涉及在湿润条件(相对湿度85~100%)及半导体的电子部件封装的260℃回流焊条件下,表现出低低压力、低吸湿性、耐高温性及高粘合强度的疏水性的双马来酰亚胺及苯并嗪树脂。
背景技术
在电子行业中,为附着微芯片而使用管芯连接(dieattach)粘合剂合成物,而这些通常由环氧类或碱性物质、聚酰亚胺、双马来酰亚胺类、氰酸酯、硅聚合物树脂类、固化剂类、银或硅石填充剂类、催化剂类及粘合促进剂、抗泄漏(anti-bleed)剂、流变改性剂、软化剂(flexibilizers)和着色剂等其他成分混合物制作而成。所述固化的粘合剂表现出高粘合性、高耐潮性、高稳定性及良好的可靠性。在由粘合剂构成的半导体封装用JEDEC(JointElectronDeviceEngineeringCouncil)测试方法(protocol)中,利用模拟实际封装环境条件的湿润环境对硅片及包裹于模塑的化合物内的引线框进行可靠性测试。例如,Jedec水平I将封装在85℃,85%相对湿度条件下暴露168小时之后,在260℃以15~30秒将其重复暴露于回流焊温度于三次。不幸的是,环氧-固化剂系统在固化之后也吸收使其(1~3重量%)。电子部件封装内的湿气在封装暴露于高湿度(85%相对湿度)及100℃以上的温度(封装根据回流焊温度在260℃以上的温度暴露15~30秒)时,在模塑的封装内生成蒸汽压,最终在基板、硅片及模塑的化合物之间积蓄很大的压力,从而导致封装的脱落(湿度灵敏度测试中的“爆米花(popcorn)现象”)。低吸湿性、更低的压力及高温粘合强度是未在所述JEDEC湿度灵敏性水平测试中预防爆米花判断(failure)而将焦点集中于管芯连接粘合剂的主要项目。实际上,高玻璃转换温度及高交联密度粘合剂合成物在封装成型过程中或暴露于260℃等回流焊条件下,在粘合剂、硅片的背面和模塑的化合物表面上引起细微的龟裂,导致基板、硅片及模塑的化合物之间的粘合剂粘合层(bondingline)的脱落。
发明内容
技术课题
环氧酚醛、双马来酰亚胺及苯并嗪树脂类因高交联密度通常不具有柔软性,而且,不溶于低粘度聚合物树脂或溶剂,即使溶解也具有高粘性,而微电子封装表现出更高的翘曲(warpage)。本发明的目的在于克服现有技术之不足一种在高柔软性、低吸湿性、抗高温性及高湿度条件下具有高粘合强度的混合树脂合成物。
最佳实施方式
本发明是如下物质的合成物:(a)具有70℃~260℃之间的熔点的固体的脂肪族或芳香族或混合物双马来酰亚胺树脂0.1~20重量%;(b)具有45℃~150℃的熔点的固体苯并嗪单体或树脂0.1~20重量%(的脂肪族或芳香族或混合物);(c)环氧酐或环氧酚醛或环氧甲酚甲醛-酐加成物合成物1~50%;及(d)丙烯酸树脂单体或预聚体树脂1~50%。
[I]所述第一树脂为固体双马来酰亚胺树脂(简称BMI树脂),因比一般的酚醛或resole或基于环氧树脂的粘合剂具有更低的吸湿性,从而具有高温稳定性、高温湿润强度及抗疲劳性。双马来酰亚胺单体或预聚物树脂类可用于商用,包括Sartomer公司产品SR525(N,N'-m-亚苯基双马来酰亚胺)、HOS-TechnikGmbh公司产品Homide121(4,4'-二苯基甲烷双马来酰亚胺)、Huntsman公司产品Matrimide5292A、HOS-TechnikGmbh(澳大利亚)公司的产品N,N'-(4-甲基-m-亚苯基)双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-m-亚苯基双马来酰亚胺、聚苯基甲烷双马来酰亚胺、N-苯基马来酰亚胺、2,6-二甲苯基马来酰亚胺、N-环己基马来酰亚胺、Homide250双马来酰亚胺树脂及Homide400双马来酰亚胺树脂、DaiwakaseiIndustryCo.,Ltd(日本)产品BMI-1000、1000H、1100、1100H、4000、5100、7000、7000H、TMH、Printeccorporation(日本)公司的产品TECHMITEE-2020、E-2020P。但是,BMI树脂类具有高熔点、高脆性(brittleness)、低粘合性及成本高等弱点。而两个主要的弱点是脆性及在低粘性溶剂或环氧丙烯酸树脂稀释剂中的低溶解度。因双马来酰亚胺树脂的高分子刚性(molecularrigidity)交联密度,在完全固化的树脂中具有非常低的断裂韧性(fracturetoughness)。双马来酰亚胺树脂类具有高熔点和高结晶化度,这导致难以溶解于一般的环氧或丙烯酸性稀释剂,且使溶液容易在室温中再结晶。固体马来酰亚胺树脂溶解于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-乙酰二甲胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、1,4-二氧杂环乙烷、乙腈、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、四氢呋喃及甲苯等具有更高的挥发性、更高的沸点及急性的溶解,但这些大部分都是致癌性及毒性物质。另外,大部分固体BMI树脂类的溶解度1~79重量%,这在所述所列的溶剂中大部分都是如此。但是,若使用这些溶剂,则在加热固化树脂合成物时导致空隙(void)的发生而降低粘接力,使湿气及挥发物质附着于粘合层(bondline)并从电子半导体封装的基质表面上流淌,污染硅片表面,弱化引线结合工艺。因此,在本发明中,所述溶剂不是溶解固体双马来酰亚胺及苯并嗪树脂的最佳选择。
其他反应性稀释剂有2-乙基-1-己基乙烯醚、环己基乙烯醚、烯丙基苯基醚、2-丙烯酚、苯乙烯、4-乙酸基苯乙烯及1-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮。虽然这些反应性稀释剂的溶解度比以前的溶剂好,但反应性弱;但是,对具有乙烯基功能性的乙烯基、烯丙基化合物的液体形态具有良好的亲和性的双马来酰亚胺树脂包含乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷及季戊四醇等丙烯酰或甲基丙烯酰基化合物;而三烷基化合物、o,o'-二烯丙基双酚A及丁香油酚(eugenol)等烯丙基化合物可与双马来酰亚胺树脂共聚合。
而且,没有可商用的液体双马来酰亚胺树脂,而且,这非常昂贵且具有高的粘度。液体BMI树脂包含以你UV灵敏度及氧气环境而早熟(premature)的凝胶(gel)粒子。在758mmHg或以上环境中对BMI树脂进行脱气时,液体BMI树脂无需任何催化剂即可自行胶化。因合成工艺过程中发生的附加反应,液体BMI树脂包含单体、二聚物、三聚物及非反应高分子量成分等副产品。精炼的液体BMI树脂在室温或及以下温度下容易形成结晶。BMI树脂还通过根治、迈克尔加成、二烯合成、逆狄尔斯-阿德尔反应、UV固化及均聚反应等很多反应机制进行反应。若不精确调节温度、光线、过氧化物、聚合抑制剂及氧气水平,则难以调节所述固化反应。若基于液体BMI树脂的管芯连接粘合剂是疏水性等,则将导致焊接掩膜表面和金属引线框表面变成非湿润性的问题,而这将引起非常糟糕的表面粘合。美国专利第6,750,301号的“具有烯丙基或乙烯基的环氧化合物或树脂的管芯连接粘合剂”提供用于湿润球阵列封装的焊接掩膜层的表面的液体BMI树脂和含有混合羟基的环氧树脂。非反应性聚二甲硅氧烷因在球阵列基板的金镀金工艺中使用的焊接掩膜物质的均染剂及消泡剂(defoamingagent)而在制造工艺中从所述焊接掩膜层扩散。
[II]作为第二树脂的苯并嗪树脂因其所具有的优秀的热稳定性、低吸湿性、高机械强度、高刚性(stiffness)、良好的抗疲劳性及良好的耐蚀性、固化时接近于零的收缩率(体积变化)等良好的机械特性、最小的附加反应和迅速的固化速度及高于固化温度的玻璃转换温度而非常可取。苯并嗪树脂可在200℃范围附近无催化剂地被固化。聚苯并嗪树脂类通过相应苯并嗪的热激发的开环反应,在无需任何催化剂及不产生任何副产品的情况下所形成。固体苯并嗪树脂类包括BF-BXZ(双酚F类型)苯并嗪、BS-BXZ(双酚S类型)苯并嗪、BA-BXZ(双酚A类型)苯并嗪(都是日本的ShikokuChemicalsCorp.Japan制造)、基于双酚F的苯并嗪树脂(AralditeMT35700)及Huntsman公司的基于双酚-A的苯并嗪树脂(AralditeMT35600)、基于酚酞的苯并嗪(AralditeMT35800)、双酚-S类型苯并嗪(AralditeMT35900)及基于双环戊二烯酚的苯并嗪(AralditeMT36000)。缺点是更高的脆性、更高的固化温度及苯并嗪单体是需溶解于低粘度树脂或溶剂的固形物。而加工上的难度与固体双马来酰亚胺树脂相同。通常的稀释剂有日本DaicelchemicalindustriesLtd产品Celloxide2021P、Arakawachemical公司产品烷基取代酚醛树脂、Tammanol758及日本的MeiwaplasticindustriesCo.,Ltd公司的产品H-4、HF-1M、HF-4M、DL-92、MEH-8000H等低粘度环脂肪族环氧树脂类。
第一树脂及第二树脂的混合:存在于聚苯并嗪的酚羟基官能团和在马来酰亚胺官能团中具有末端双重结合的BMI单体树脂或BMI预聚体进行强烈的反应。但是,通常的聚苯并嗪类的主要缺点是它们的脆性及开环聚合所需的高固化温度(200℃以上)。
BMI的软化(flexibilization)、苯并嗪混合系统:为提高聚双马来酰亚胺物质的冲击及破坏韧性,进行了二胺、含有聚酯基的双马来酰亚胺或聚酯结合化合物等亲核物质的迈克尔加成反应等各种尝试。石田(Ishida)等将端羟基聚丁二烯橡胶用作增韧剂(tougheningmodifier)(LeeYH,AllenDJ,IshidaH.Effectofrubberreactivityonthemorphologyofpolybenzoxazineblendsinvestigatedbyatomicforcemicroscopyanddynamicmechanicalanalysis.J.ApplPolymSci2006;100:2443-54)。而所述环氧化的聚丁二烯橡胶可与苯并嗪开环时生成的羟基共聚合,因此,可化学接枝改性形成基质网络(IshidaH,AllenDJ,Physicalandmechanicalcharacterizationofnear-zeroshrinkagepolybenzoxazines.JPolym2001;13:S327-42),而此网络可生成以更高的兼容性增韧的复合体。利用熔融混合方法获得橡胶改性的聚苯并嗪。但是,因低粘度管芯连接粘合剂应用物中的聚丁二烯树脂的高粘度,有限量的聚丁二烯树脂可存在于混合粘合剂内。另外,聚丁二烯系统的不饱和结构的存在具有受热不稳定性的倾向,因此,不适合于在高温环境下长期使用。另外,在BMI、苯并嗪树脂中添加聚丁二烯,不能单纯地通过此举解决两种树脂的脆性。最共同的技术是添加CTBN、ATBN、聚丁二烯树脂、全氟碳氢化合物粉末、聚甲基硅倍半氧烷粉末、日本的DowCorningTorayCo.,Ltd公司产品TrefilE-600、Shin-EtsuSilicone产品硅橡胶粉末KMP-600等软化剂(flexibilizer)。这些软化剂可用作柔软灵活的填充剂。聚硅氧烷类具有优秀的受热稳定性、良好的电气特性、低压力及更低的玻璃转换温度。但是,聚硅氧烷类不与环氧树脂类兼容。不与1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、二聚酸改性环氧树脂、硅氧烷环氧化合物等单一官能性低粘度环氧稀释剂类及甚至丁内酯等低温会发用溶剂兼容。但是,CTBN、ATBN及聚丁二烯树脂具有高粘度及兼容性问题。根据RoHS规范,全氟碳氢聚合体粉末具有氟化物粒子性问题。倍半硅氧烷及硅橡胶粉末填充剂存在费用高及由粒子大小受限而导致的低充电含量。溶剂在管芯连接工艺过程中存在引起空隙,完全变干及吸湿等问题。其他的解决方式虽然降低耐溶剂性、耐蚀性及热稳定性,但是柔软的环氧树脂系统。玻璃转换温度减少,而热膨胀系数增加。为补偿所述性能上的减少,使用具有低热膨胀系数的坚固的环氧类及可减少压力的抗冲改性剂(impactmodifier)。
高柔软性环氧树脂酐加成物系统(非常均匀的电气、化学及机械特性):环氧酐系统因其所具有的高玻璃转换温度、高温耐性、良好的电气特性及低成本而通常用于塑封及底部填充管芯连接粘合剂。双酚A或双酚F类型环氧树脂类及脂环族酸酐较之芳香族酐及脂肪族酐快速固化。有三级胺、硼酸酯、路易斯酸、有机金属化合物、有机金属盐及咪唑等可利用的固化促进剂。长链脂肪族酸酐具有长有效期,柔软且具有更低的热变形温度,但通常与其他反应性酐和三级胺或咪唑等一同使用。可使用甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、methylenedomethylene四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、三烷基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐及甲基环己烷二羧酸二酐和他们的混合物等环脂肪族酐。但是,具有吸湿性的酐将转换为羧酸。环氧酚醛酐降低低粘度成分的吸湿性及挥发性的原因,也增加优化半导体装置的电子部件封装的高速分配特性的触变(thixotropic)指数。环氧酐热固化物相对较脆弱。可塑剂、反应性稀释剂或高分子链增量剂导致柔性化,从而获得更高的断裂延伸率。环氧酚醛树脂、甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、十二烷基琥珀酸酐、马来酸酐改性聚丁二烯及硫官能硅烷在85℃加成而是这些变得稳定且变成非吸湿性,增加韧性,赋予高温性质,减少双马来酰亚胺、苯并嗪混合系统的脆性。马来化聚丁二烯树脂与酐固化的环氧类反应;加速硬化速度并促进生成独特韧性的具有粘合凝聚破坏模式的环氧系统。可从市面上购买到的马来化聚丁二烯物质包括Sartomer公司产品Ricon130MA8、130MA13、130MA20、131MA5、131MA10、131MA17、131MA20及156MA17等。
第三树脂是环氧酚醛树脂或环氧甲酚甲醛树脂。双酚F及双酚A类型的环氧树脂具有与双马来酰亚胺及苯并嗪树脂的兼容性问题。若混合这些树脂,则在加工及保管过程中发生相分离。另外,较之双酚A或双酚F类型的环氧类,环氧酚醛树脂沿着其化学结构具有更活跃的基团,因此,表现为高度交联的聚合体。更高的化学交联度及更多的芳香环结构如双马来酰亚胺及苯并嗪树脂那样增加耐热性和耐化学性。但是,环氧酚醛为最大限度地表现出这些特性而需要更高的固化温度。环氧酚醛及组合的脂环族酸酐和脂肪族酐是调节固化速度及双马来酰亚胺、苯并嗪混合系统的柔软性的钥匙。环氧酚醛树脂类有DainipponInkandChemicalsInc公司产品EpiclonN-730、N-740、N-770、N-775、N-865、Dowchemical公司产品DEN431、DEN438、DEN439及JapanEpoxyresinCo.Ltd.公司产品Epikote154。环氧甲酚甲醛包括DainipponInk&Chemicals,Inc公司产品EpiclonN-660、N-665、N-670、N-673、N-680、N-695、NipponKayakuCo.,Ltd公司产品EOCN-102S、EOCN-103S、EOCN-104S、UnionCarbideCorp公司产品UVR-6650、SumitomoChemicalCo.,Ltd.公司产品ESCN-195。
通过脂肪族二盐酸分子间的脱水缩合反应生成的多羧酸酐类表现出优秀的柔软性和热冲击耐性,可单独或与其他酐一起使用。
其他环氧树脂是环脂环氧树脂。通常的或较之环氧酚醛优秀的这些树脂的优点包括低粘度、与苯并嗪树脂的良好的兼容性、比脂肪族环氧树脂更高的反应性(更快的固化速度)、高玻璃转换温度、没有粒子性氯化物杂质、更高的热变形温度、更低的介电常数及卓越的耐候性(weatherability)。环氧酚醛或环脂环氧树脂和酐系统的加成物控制双马来酰亚胺、苯并嗪混合管芯连接粘合剂系统的柔软性。另外,环氧树脂改性双马来酰亚胺是足够发达的技术,用于提高加工能力及界面粘合,且改善韧性。
环氧酚醛及酐柔软性系统的主要焦点是通过降低双马来酰亚胺和苯并嗪树脂的交联密度降低脆性。与双马来酰亚胺树脂混合的环氧树脂的单纯化合物虽然可提高韧性,但降低双马来酰亚胺的耐热性。双马来酰亚胺树脂可与烯丙基官能环氧树脂或烯丙基苯酚树脂树脂兼容且通过此进行改善。但是,所述烯丙基官能团的反应性是高于典型的管芯连接温度(120~175℃)的200℃附近。环氧树脂的未反应烯丙基官能团可在高于200℃的温度下引起交联,而这增加压力,导致微细龟裂问题,进而导致吸湿及湿度灵敏性水平(moisturesensitivitylevel)的失败。所述烯丙基官能团难以完全固化。尤其是,固化的基质因是所述烯丙基官能团的聚合导致的交联物的热脆弱性而受热不稳定。为使固化在有意义的范围内发生,所述烯丙基苯基现在250℃长时间加热(近6小时),但这存在在网状结构上劣化其他脆弱的基团的危险(AmbikDevinK,RaghunadhanNairCP,NinanKNDualcurephenol-epoxyresins,characterizationandproperties.Polympolymcompos2003;11(7):1-8)。若将环氧树脂添加于苯并嗪,则增加热固化基质的交联密度且对其机械特性产生很强的影响。聚合化在最大限度地减少刚性损失的情况下,较之苯并嗪均聚物更增加玻璃转换温度、弯曲强度及折断强度。但是,本发明的焦点是通过降低交联密度维持柔软性及韧性粘合剂粘合层,如在在湿度灵敏性水平I(在85℃/85%湿度下168小时)及回流焊温度260℃下15~30秒及在-50~150℃下15分钟进行一千次热循环那样,在150℃下表现500小时的高温耐性及在湿润露出环境下表现耐性。因此,环氧酚醛和酐改性双马来酰亚胺树脂、苯并嗪树脂的混合系统在柔软性、韧性、湿润及高温耐性粘合剂中表现出独到的高性能。
所使用的稀释剂树脂是丙烯酸树脂或异丁烯酸树脂单体或预聚体。反应性稀释剂在与双马来酰亚胺树脂、苯并嗪树脂组合使用时完全溶解并反应。本发明包括单一官能性及多官能性丙烯酸盐和异丁烯酸盐树脂单体。另外,其他稀释剂可以是乙烯醚、环己基乙烯基醚、烯丙基苯基醚、2-烯丙基苯基醚、2-丙烯酚、烷基酚醛树脂、苯乙烯、4-乙酸基苯乙烯、N-丙烯酰吗啉、1-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮、丁香油酚、二丙烯基双酚-A、三烷基化合物、二乙烯基苯、丙烯酸酯的酯。丙烯酰吗啉因双马来酰亚胺和丙烯酰吗啉之间的类似结构对固体双马来酰亚胺具有良好的溶解度。在本合成物中丙烯酰吗啉是反应性稀释剂。丙烯酰吗啉树脂在比双马来酰亚胺-苯并嗪-环氧酚醛混合系统的固化温度低的140~170℃下利用过氧化催化剂开始聚合。用单一官能性丙烯酸聚合物树脂替代双重或多重官能性聚合物树脂暴露于与作为半导体封装回流焊工艺温度的260~300℃一样的温度时,可减少作为高压力、高翘曲(warpage)及微细龟裂问题的根本原因的交联密度。另外,柔软的固化剂可降低聚合速度。丙烯酸单体包括日本KojinCo.,Ltd公司产品丙烯酰吗啉、Sartomer公司产品甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯(SR201)、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯(SR238)、丙烯酸2-乙氧基乙氧基乙酯(SR256)、四氢糠基丙烯酸酯(SR285)、2-苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯(SR339)、2-苯氧基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(SR340)、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸脂(SR351NS)、二-三羟甲基丙烷四丙烯酸(SR355)、异冰片丙烯酸酯(SR506)及作为双马来酰亚胺共聚物用单体的甲基丙烯酸环己酯。
用于实现本发明的填充剂可具有导电性或导热性。导电性填充剂有银、铜、金、铝、石墨、炭黑、碳纳米管、镀银铜、镀银玻璃球、镀银石墨、所述金属的合金及其混合物等。所述金属粉末、薄片及混合物的粒子大小从亚微米到约50微米。导热性填充剂有氧化铝、氮化铝、氮化硼、碳化硅、金刚石、石墨、硅石等。这些导电性及导热性填充剂的表面可通过如下方式改性,即添加硫磺或硫醇类型的硅烷偶联剂、六甲基二硅氮烷、聚二甲硅氧烷、纳米及二氧化硅微硅粉的疏水性涂层而增加触变指数,添加亲水性环氧树脂或二聚物算降低触变指数提高与疏水性及湿润液体的流动特性,及添加蒸汽附着法达到与调剂(dispense)及丝网印刷或模版印刷及喷射调剂(dispense)的和谐。表面处理是提高基板的疏水性或与受污染的表面或硅片的备件的界面粘合进行粘合剂区域的粘着破坏(cohesivefailure)的另外的技术。环氧树脂用固化剂包括双氰胺、二氨基二苯甲烷、氨苯砜及间苯二胺。其他固化促进剂包括2-甲基咪唑、2-十一基咪唑、2-十七基咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4甲基咪唑、1-苯甲基-2-甲基咪唑、1-苯甲基-2-苯基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2,4-二氨基-6-[2'methylimidazoleyl-(1')]-乙基-s-三嗪、2,4-二氨基-6-[2'-methylimidazoleyl-(1')]乙基-s-三嗪异氰脲酸加成物脱水物等咪唑类。粘合促进剂可包含于这些合成物中。适宜的粘合促进剂包括例如DowCorning公司的Z6040环氧硅烷、OSISilquest公司的A186、A187、A174、A1289、Degussa公司的SI69、SI264。热自由基聚合引发剂包括例如甲乙酮过氧化物、甲基环己酮过氧化物、过氧化异丙苯、D-(4-叔丁基环己酯)过氧碳酸、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(2-乙基己酰基过氧)己烷。
合成物
固体树脂
双马来酰亚胺
苯并嗪
液体树脂
环氧酚醛树脂
丙烯酸树脂
催化剂
二胺
酸酐
咪唑
过氧化物
软化剂
马来化聚丁二烯树脂
添加剂
硅烷
填充剂
二氧化硅或氧化铝或聚合物填充剂或银
具体实施方式
下述实施例用于说明本发明的特定示例,而非限制本发明。
实施例1
对混合粘合剂的韧性和柔软性的环氧酐加成物的效果
准备两种成分证明对环氧酐加成物的韧性的效果,并在符合耐蚀性和耐高温性的各种温度及条件下,利用Dage模切设备4000系列BT-4000型号测量模切强度。另外,利用Tokyoseimitsu的表面质感检测装饰型号Surfcom120A测量具有BGA基质的矩形基板(bare)硅切片(10x4m/m)的附着有硅切片的BGA基质的翘曲(warpage),以此评价柔软性。利用动力学分析仪(PerkinElmerPyrisdiamondmodel)测量伸张模数及剥离转换温度。将固体二苯基甲烷-4,4'-双马来酰亚胺聚合物、4,4'-亚甲基双苯胺及N-苯基双酚F苯并嗪树脂类与丙烯酰吗啉一同在80C下溶解一个小时之后,添加4,4'-二氨基二苯砜及环氧酚醛树脂。接着,混合环氧酚醛树脂、甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐及十二烷基琥珀酸酐并在85℃下加热一小时生成环氧酚醛树脂酐加成物。之后,添加三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、马来化聚丁二烯树脂、2,4-二氨基-6-[2'-methylimidazoleyl-(1')]乙基-s-三嗪异氰脲酸加成物脱水咪唑、1,1-二-(t-戊基过氧)环己烷过氧、甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷耦合剂及氧化硅填充剂。
表1
表2
表3
表4
晶片抗切强度250℃,对BGA基质的基板硅片 | 本发明的成分A | 比较成分B |
固化后(对BGA基质的1.27x1.27m/m硅) | 0.63kg | 0.60kg |
固化后(对BGA基质的4.06x4.06m/m硅) | 3.00kg | 2.70kg |
固化后(对SPCLF的10x4m/m硅) | 5.47kg | 0.48kg |
表5
物性 | 本发明的成分A | 比较成分B |
翘曲(微米) | 26.4 | 35.03 |
伸张模数25℃(GPa) | 1.70 | 4.50 |
150℃(GPa) | 0.06 | 1.00 |
250℃(GPa) | 0.16 | 1.50 |
玻璃转换温度(℃) | 53 | 143 |
较之比较成分B(没有环氧酚醛酐加成物),本发明的成分A(含有环氧酚醛酐加成物)在模切强度at25℃及250℃提高模切强度,降低翘曲(warpage),降低伸张模数,降低玻璃转换温度,这不仅在85℃/85%相对湿度,168小时的湿度灵敏性水平条件下可行,而且,在进行湿润处理后表现红外线回流焊条件的250℃高温模切条件下仍然可行。环氧酚醛树脂及所述杆加成物系统因低玻璃转换温度和低伸张模数而可有效降低翘曲(warpage),且提高高温模切强度。环氧酚醛树脂及所述杆加成物系统降低所述两种固体双马来酰亚胺树脂及其他固体苯并嗪树脂的粘度,给糊状附着粘合剂赋予适宜的粘度,从而可用针型调剂(dispense)装置进行调剂(dispense)。另外,这些不存在脆性(brittleness)温度,且解决了双马来酰亚胺树脂及苯并嗪树脂的溶解性问题。丙烯酸树脂不是单纯的反应性稀释剂。这可在140℃下自身制作共聚薄膜,另外,可通过迈克尔加成反应与丙烯酸树脂及咪唑共聚。丙烯酸树脂是双马来酰亚胺树脂及苯并嗪树脂共聚单体。
实施例2
对混合粘合剂的刃型及柔软性的环氧酐加成物的效果
表6
表7
表8
表9
晶片抗切强度250℃,对BGA基质的基板硅片 | 本发明的成分A | 比较成分C |
固化后(对BGA基质的1.27x1.27m/m硅) | 0.63kg | 0.53kg |
固化后(对BGA基质的4.06x4.06m/m硅) | 3.00kg | 1.80kg |
固化后(对SPCLF的10x4m/m硅) | 4.09kg | 0.48kg |
表10
物性 | 本发明的成分A | 比较成分C |
翘曲(微米) | 26.4 | 23.40 |
伸张模数25℃(GPa) | 1.70 | 3.36 |
150℃(GPa) | 0.06 | 0.65 |
250℃(GPa) | 0.16 | 0.49 |
玻璃转换温度(℃) | 53.0 | 136.8 |
比较成分C(包含环氧酚醛及酐混合物,无加成物工艺)、本发明的成分A(包含环氧酚醛-酐加成物)在25℃下的对BGA基板的基板硅切片(1.27x1.27m/m)及在250℃下的对BGA基板的基板硅切片(4.06x4.06m/m)具有更高的模切强度,另外,表现出更低的翘曲、更低的伸张模数及更低的玻璃转换温度。因此,环氧酚醛及酐的加成物工艺是提高双马来酰亚胺、苯并嗪及环氧酚醛-酐加成物混合粘合剂的耐高温性,降低翘曲性能的唯一的方法。
对混合粘合剂的刃型及柔软性的苯并嗪的效果
*实施例3
对耐高温性的苯并嗪树脂的影响
表11
表12
表13
表14
表15
物性 | 本发明的成分A | 比较成分D |
翘曲(微米) | 26.4 | 28.3 |
伸张模数25℃(GPa) | 1.70 | 5.02 |
150℃(GPa) | 0.06 | 1.2 |
250℃(GPa) | 0.16 | 0.82 |
玻璃转换温度(℃) | 53.0 | 111.5 |
比较成分D(不含苯并嗪树脂)较之本发明的成分A具有在250℃的更低的模切强度。如所预计的那样,苯并嗪提高高温模切强度。这是通过因高玻璃转换温度的苯并嗪的优秀的热特性所决定的(N-苯基双酚F苯并嗪树脂的玻璃转换温度为:在180℃下固化2显示及在200℃下固化2~4小时为150℃)。这还表示更低的翘曲、更低的伸张模数及更低的玻璃转换温度。
对混合粘合剂的韧性和柔软性的双马来酰亚胺的效果
表16
表17
表18
表19
晶片抗切强度250℃,对BGA基质的基板硅片 | 本发明的成分A | 比较成分E |
固化后(对BGA基质的1.27x1.27m/m硅) | 0.63kg | 0.37kg |
固化后(对BGA基质的4.06x4.06m/m硅) | 3.00kg | 1.43kg |
固化后(对SPCLC的10x4m/m硅) | 5.47kg | 0.89kg |
表20
物性 | 本发明的成分A | 比较成分E |
翘曲(微米) | 26.4 | 31.8 |
伸张模数25℃(GPa) | 1.70 | 4.71 |
150℃(GPa) | 0.06 | 0.73 |
250℃(GPa) | 0.16 | 0.60 |
玻璃转换温度(℃) | 53.0 | 110.8 |
比较成分E(不含双马来酰亚胺树脂)较之本发明的成分A具有在250℃的更低的模切强度。与苯并嗪树脂一样,双马来酰亚胺树脂可提高模切强度。双马来酰亚胺树脂具有高耐高温性,具有比通常的基于环氧树脂、丙烯酸树脂更低的吸湿性。另外,表现出更低的翘曲、更低的伸张模数及更低的玻璃转换温度。
工业实用性
本发明粘合剂合成物对球阵列、智能卡及塑封及封装物等半导体电子部件封装中的焊接掩膜、金属引线架、塑料及陶瓷基质,具有硅切片粘合的优秀的柔软性和粘着破坏性质,而且,在确认为JESD22-A112的JEDECSolidStateTechnologyAssociation的技术方式(protocol)下,在表现出可靠性的热循环条件下,具有高耐蚀性、耐高温性及优秀的性能。
所述实施例仅用以说明本发明而非限制,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明进行修改、变形或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于粘合具有不同的物质表面的物质的热固化粘合剂合成物,包括:a)室温下固体形式的双马来酰亚胺树脂;b)室温下固体形式的苯并嗪树脂化合物;c)从环氧树脂、丙烯酰吗啉、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸2-乙氧基乙氧基乙酯、四氢糠基丙烯酸酯、2-苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯、2-苯氧基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸脂、二-三羟甲基丙烷四丙烯酸、异冰片丙烯酸酯及异冰片异丁烯酸、环氧丙烯酸盐、环氧酚醛、酚醛及氧杂环丁烷树脂构成的组选择的一种以上的热固化性化合物;d)选择性地一种以上热固化树脂及其混合物;e)环氧酚醛和酐加成物;及固化引发剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热固化粘合剂合成物,其中所述固化引发剂从由过氧化物、咪唑、咪唑啉、二氨基二苯砜、二氨基二苯甲烷、甲基亚苯基二胺、双氰胺、酐、酸酐咪唑加成物、羧酸、羧酸-咪唑加成物、脂肪族多胺构成的组选择的一种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热固化粘合剂合成物,还包括软化剂,其包括从由马来化聚丁二烯树脂、聚丁二烯树脂、环氧化聚丁二烯、丙烯酸化聚丁二烯、丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、腈基丁二烯橡胶、端羧基丁腈橡胶树脂、端氨基丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物树脂、端乙烯基丁二烯丙烯腈树脂、端环氧基丁二烯丙烯腈树脂、聚二甲基硅氧烷粉末、硅橡胶粉末、全氟烃聚合物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球体粉末、碳纳米管及核壳橡胶纳米球构成的组中选择的一种以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的热固化粘合剂合成物,还包括填充剂,其包括二氧化硅、氧化铝、氮化硼、氮化铝、碳化硅、金刚石、铟、铜、铝、镍、钯、金、镀银铜、镀镍铜、镀银玻璃球、银钯、焊锡粉末、铋锡焊锡粉末、金锡合金粉末、炭黑、石墨、氧化银、氧化铜及氧化铁。
5.根据权利要求1所述的热固化粘合剂合成物,其特征在于:所述双马来酰亚胺为N,N'-m-亚苯基双马来酰亚胺、4,4'-二苯基甲烷双马来酰亚胺、具有4,4'-亚甲基双苯胺的二苯基甲烷-4,4'-双马来酰亚胺聚合物、N,N'-(2,2'-二乙基-6,6'-亚甲基二苯基)双马来酰亚胺、2,2'-二[4-(4'-马来酰亚胺氧)苯基]丙烷、N,N'-(4-甲基-m-亚苯基)双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-m-亚苯基双马来酰亚胺、聚苯基甲烷双马来酰亚胺、双酚A二苯醚双马来酰亚胺、3,3'-二甲基-5,5'-二乙基-4,4'-二苯基甲烷双马来酰亚胺、4-甲基-1,3-亚苯基双马来酰亚胺或1,6-双马来酰亚胺(2,2,4-三甲基)己烷。
6.根据权利要求1所述的热固化粘合剂合成物,其特征在于:所述苯并嗪为N-苯基双酚F苯并嗪、N-苯基双酚A苯并嗪、N-苯酚酞苯并嗪、N-苯基双酚-s苯并嗪或N-苯基双环戊二烯苯并嗪树脂。
7.一种可使第一物品永久粘接于第二物品的组装物,其包括:交联时具有良好的粘合特性的可聚合的双马来酰亚胺和苯并嗪单体及聚合物载体;交联时具有良好的粘合特性的丙烯酸酯单体和环氧酚醛树脂载体;及包括固化过氧化物、酐、咪唑的合成物的固化部分。
8.根据权利要求1所述的热固化粘合剂合成物,其特征在于:所述环氧树脂是从由双酚A环氧树脂、双酚F环氧树脂、环脂环氧树脂、及氧杂环丁烷树脂构成的组中选择的。
9.根据权利要求2所述的热固化粘合剂合成物,其特征在于:所述酐为甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、十二烷基琥珀酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢均苯四酸酐、马来酸酐、月桂酸酐、甲基四氢苯酐、四氢苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、三烷基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基环己烷二羧酸二酐或其混合物的固化引发剂。
10.根据权利要求2所述的热固化粘合剂合成物,其特征在于:所述过氧化物为甲乙酮过氧化物、甲基环己酮过氧化物、过氧化异丙苯、D-(4-叔丁基环己酯)过氧碳酸、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(2-乙基己酰基过氧)己烷或苯甲酰过氧化物的固化引发剂。
11.根据权利要求2所述的热固化粘合剂合成物,其特征在于:所述咪唑为2-甲基咪唑、2-十一基咪唑、2-十七基咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4甲基咪唑、1-苯甲基-2-甲基咪唑、1-苯甲基-2-苯基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2,4-二氨基-6-[2'-甲基咪唑基-(1')]-乙基-s-三嗪、2,4-二氨基-6-[2'-甲基咪唑基-(1')]乙基-s-三嗪异氰脲酸加成物脱水物的固化引发剂。
12.根据权利要求1所述的热固化粘合剂合成物,其特征在于:所述固体双马来酰亚胺树脂具有70℃~260℃的熔点,含0.1~20重量%,所述固体形式的苯并嗪树脂化合物具有45℃~150℃的熔点,含0.1~20重量%,所述环氧酚醛和酐加成物含1~50%,丙烯酸树脂单体或预聚体含1~50%。
13.根据权利要求4所述的热固化粘合剂合成物,其特征在于:所述填充剂具有亚微米到50微米的粒子大小且具有0.1~20m2/g的表面积。
14.根据权利要求1所述的热固化粘合剂合成物,其特征在于:用于管芯连接粘合剂、电子部件封装的底层填料、电子部件密封材料、复合物质用基质或涂层。
15.根据权利要求1所述的热固化粘合剂合成物,其特征在于:用作管芯连接薄膜,所述热固化粘合剂合成物选自从固体双马来酰亚胺、固体苯并嗪、环氧丙烯酸盐或环氧异丁烯酸盐、环氧酚醛、环氧甲酚甲醛和酐加成物、端羧基丁二烯橡胶及其组合物构成的组。
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- 2011-07-28 EP EP11869779.6A patent/EP2736999B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-07-28 CN CN201180072622.XA patent/CN103797083B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-28 JP JP2014522722A patent/JP5816752B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-28 US US14/235,334 patent/US9296928B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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KR20140037238A (ko) | 2014-03-26 |
WO2013015469A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
EP2736999B1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
JP5816752B2 (ja) | 2015-11-18 |
US9296928B2 (en) | 2016-03-29 |
CN103797083A (zh) | 2014-05-14 |
JP2014523953A (ja) | 2014-09-18 |
EP2736999A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
US20140199549A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
EP2736999A4 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
KR101722208B1 (ko) | 2017-05-02 |
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