CN103688906A - Method for ecologically recycling rural household wastes and breeding wastes - Google Patents
Method for ecologically recycling rural household wastes and breeding wastes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for ecologically recycling rural household wastes and breeding wastes. The method includes the following steps: household waste and/or breeding waste are fermented, the fermented waste is utilized as culture medium for culturing fly maggots and Pacific earthworms, and the culture medium is dried in the sun or baked and sieved to become organic fertilizer for growing grain and cash crops. The fly maggots and Pacific earthworms, which are cultured according to the method, can be used as feed for various organic poultry and livestock, high-grade rare birds and high-grade aquatic products. Therefore the method not only solves the problem of pollution caused by the wastes of the rural breeding industry and households, but also provides a simple, easy and low-cost insect protein production method for the ecological breeding industry, thus conforming to the goal of building an ecological civilization and developing circular economy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental protection, the ecological agriculture and recycling economy technical field, more specifically, the present invention relates to the method for the ecological circulation utilization of a kind of life in the countryside waste material and cultivation waste material.
Background technology
18 have proposed greatly the view of development of promoting a conservation culture, developing a circular economy and walking sustainable development road.Along with the development of modern agriculture industry, rural area is intensive, large-scale cultivation is more and more, and the rural pollution of supervening is also more and more serious.A large amount of house refuses and the not treated random stacking of cultivation waste material, sanitary sewage directly enters rivers, polluted river, lake and underground water.This is extremely unbecoming with the development outline of promoting a conservation culture that country advocates, and even has a strong impact on the drinking water safety of rural population, has a strong impact on urban residents' life and production, is unfavorable for the health in rural area, stably development.
Therefore, developing a kind of circular biological that makes life in the countryside waste material and cultivation scrap loop utilization, turns waste into wealth, to utilize method will be very favorable, its to the enhancement of environment in rural area, industrialized development, increasing economic efficiency to have significant effect.
Summary of the invention
How the inventor, through research for many years, just solves life in the countryside pollution and aquaculture pollution problem, develops a kind of method that life in the countryside waste material and the circular biological that cultivates scrap loop utilization, turns waste into wealth are utilized.The method has not only solved the problem of life in the countryside pollution and breeding pollution, and the maggot fly of cultivating according to the inventive method and peaceful earthworm can be used as feed or the insect protein additive of various organic fowl poultrys, high-grade rare bird and high-grade aquatic products.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide the method for the ecological circulation recycling of a kind of life in the countryside waste material and cultivation waste material, comprising:
The life waste material producing in life in the countryside and/or cultivation scrap heap are placed in fermentation vat as fermentation raw material;
To adding EM zymotic fluid in fermentation raw material, make it carry out anaerobic fermentation, until fermentation raw material there is no stink, stop fermentation;
Using the waste material after fermentation as the culture base-material of cultivating maggot fly, in culture base-material, add maggot fly blow or sprinkling bait that fly is laid eggs on culture base-material, cultivate and within 2～5 days, can obtain the maggot fly that grows up;
Collect after the adult maggot fly of cultivating, in culture base-material, add EM zymotic fluid to ferment again;
Culture base-material after fermenting again, as the culture base-material of cultivating earthworm, adds earthworm kind to cultivate wherein, cultivates and within 2～4 months, can obtain the earthworm that grows up; And
Collect after the earthworm of cultivating, culture base-material is regathered, through drying or drying, make its water content lower than 5%, if needed, smash to pieces and sieve, become for planting the fertilizer of grain and economic crops.
Preferably, the life waste material that the inventive method is used is urban residents' slop and/or garbage.Preferred described garbage is at least one in dish leaf, weeds, dish root, pericarp, chicken intestines, fish maw, eggshell and palea, the excreta that preferred described cultivation waste material is poultry, for example, can be at least one in pig manure, cow dung, chicken manure, duck excrement and sheep excrement.
Further preferably, the maggot fly of the inventive method being cultivated and earthworm are directly fed to high-grade rare bird, high-grade aquatic products and ecological fowl poultry as feed; Or they are processed as to albumen powder as the proteins additive of ecological feed.
The method according to this invention is to make life in the countryside waste material and the circular biological that cultivates scrap loop utilization, turn waste into wealth utilize method.The method has not only solved the problem of life in the countryside pollution and breeding pollution, and the maggot fly of cultivating according to the inventive method and peaceful earthworm can be used as feed or the insect protein additive of various organic fowl poultrys, high-grade rare bird and high-grade aquatic products.Thus, for rural construction conservation culture, developing ecology cultivate recycling economy and guarantee that sustained economic development provides simple and direct, feasible technical scheme.In addition,, for the good to eat ecological organic farm products of production safety provides practicable industrialization direction, there are high economic benefits.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is according to the schematic diagram of the fermentation vat of the inventive method, and wherein figure (a) is the profile of fermentation vat; Figure (b) is the vertical view of fermentation vat.
Fig. 2 is according to the schematic diagram in the maggot fly of the inventive method and vermiculture pond, and wherein figure (a) is the vertical view of culturing pool; Figure (b) is the profile of culturing pool.
Fig. 3 is the figure of the method utilized of the ecological circulation of life in the countryside waste material and/or cultivation waste material according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In Fig. 1-3,1 fermentation vat pond body; 2 is sewage draining exit; 3 is maggot fly culturing pool; 31 is the shallow end of maggot fly culturing pool; 32 is the deep end of maggot fly culturing pool; 4 is maggot fly collecting vessel.
Embodiment
To describe in detail according to each concrete steps of the ecological circulation recycling method of life in the countryside waste material of the present invention and cultivation waste material and the technique effect of realizing thereof below.Below describing is all the specific embodiment of the present invention or preferred embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and should comprise the technical scheme of the various changes and modifications based on the inventive method.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide the method for the ecological circulation recycling of a kind of life in the countryside waste material and cultivation waste material, comprising: the life waste material producing in life in the countryside and/or cultivation scrap heap are placed in fermentation vat as fermentation raw material; To adding EM zymotic fluid in fermentation raw material, make it carry out anaerobic fermentation, until fermentation raw material there is no stink, stop fermentation; Using the waste material after fermentation as the culture base-material of cultivating maggot fly, in culture base-material, add maggot fly blow or sprinkling bait that fly is laid eggs on culture base-material, cultivate and within 2～5 days, can obtain the maggot fly that grows up; Collect after the adult maggot fly of cultivating, in culture base-material, add EM zymotic fluid to ferment again; Culture base-material after fermenting again, as the culture base-material of cultivating earthworm, adds earthworm kind to cultivate wherein, cultivates and within 2～4 months, can obtain the earthworm that grows up; And collect after the earthworm of cultivating, culture base-material is regathered, through drying or drying, make its water content lower than 5%, if needed, smash to pieces and sieve, becoming for planting the fertilizer of the economic crops such as grain, vegetables, fruit, traditional Chinese medicine and herbage.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, described life waste material is urban residents' slop and/or garbage.Preferred described garbage is at least one in dish leaf, weeds, dish root, pericarp, chicken intestines, fish maw, eggshell and palea.The excreta that preferred described cultivation waste material is poultry for example, can be at least one in pig manure, cow dung, chicken manure, duck excrement and sheep excrement.
The further preferred embodiment according to the present invention, described fermentation raw material is the mixing waste of life waste material with cultivation waste material.If comprise the solids that particle size is greater than 5cm in described fermentation raw material, need to smash to pieces and make the particle of the solids in described fermentation raw material be less than 5cm.Preferred described fermentation raw material is that life waste material is that 1:1 is to the mixing waste of 1:10 with the weight ratio of cultivation waste material.Most preferably, described fermentation raw material is that mixing ratio is the chicken manure of 1:1 and the mixed breed waste material of pig manure.
In the method for the invention, to adding EM zymotic fluid in fermentation raw material, make it carry out anaerobic fermentation, until fermentation raw material there is no stink, stop fermentation.Described fermentation is to take anaerobic bacteria as main body, and it is fermented to organic waste materials under anaerobic in low temperature state.Due to the heat energy discharging in fermentation process of the present invention seldom, so the amount of the gas producing is also seldom, can make the nutrient in organic matter be retained as much as possible, utilized fully.Preferably, the EM zymotic fluid using comprises the composite microbial bacterias such as lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, bacillus and actinomycetes, preferably further comprises that fermentation is the composite microbial bacterias such as thread flora, rhizobium and photosynthetic bacteria.In the method for the invention, most preferably described EM zymotic fluid is hundred beneficial precious stostes: brown sugar: the mixed liquor of hundred beneficial precious stostes, brown sugar and water that water weight ratio is 1:1:1000.Hundred beneficial treasured are composite microbial bacteria products of being produced by Zhengzhou Bai Yibao Bioisystech Co., Ltd, and its main component comprises lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, bacillus and actinomycetes etc., single bottle 10 grams, and containing bacterium more than 100 hundred million strains.Brown sugar can be the common brown sugar of market sale, the commercially available brown sugar that for example has sucrose to refine.According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, described fermentation step comprises that by drying or spraying water to regulate the water content of described fermentation raw material be 30～60 % by weight, is preferably 35-50%, most preferably is 35-40%, at 5～35 ℃, preferably under the low temperature of 10-20 ℃, carry out anaerobic fermentation.Round can be used the cement pit of semi-underground type, also useful ceramics container, or with the heatable adobe sleeping platform of semi-underground type (but first rebasing with Polypropylence Sheet), then cover or with plastic sack, then cover 20～30 centimetres of fine earths, pat tight, prevent ventilated and water inlet, cover 3～7 days, the internal temperature of fermentation raw material keeps after reaching 80～120 ℃ more than 8 hours, can completing described fermentation process.Preferably, described fermentation system good seal, air tight and do not intake.In the method for the invention, described fermentation is to ferment by add EM zymotic fluid in fermentation raw material, makes poisonous, harmful components in organic mycocriny hydrolysis and fermentation raw material, until fermentation vat there is no stink, just stops fermentation.Poisonous, harmful components described herein generally refer to that harmful germ is as Escherichia coli, clostridium, excellent bacillus, salmonella, pathogenicity colon bacillus, campylobacter jejuni, Listeria Monocytogenes; Virus or parasitic ovum etc.Therefore, fermentation process herein also can be called sterilization, sterilization process.
Preferably, preferred described fermentation raw material for life waste material and the weight ratio that cultivates waste material be 1:1 to the mixing waste of 1:10, more preferably 1:3 is to the mixing waste of 1:10.Or described fermentation raw material is at least one poultry excreta, for example, pig manure, cow dung, chicken manure, duck excrement and sheep excrement etc., more preferably the mixed breed waste material of the chicken manure of 1:1 weight ratio and pig manure.Conventionally the moisture of fermentation raw material being controlled is 35～40%.For example, when being the chicken manure of 1:1 weight ratio and the mixed breed waste material of pig manure, the moisture of fermentation raw material can be controlled is 37%.In addition, when using EM liquid to process pig manure, without stir pig manure for oxygen is entered.But in order to make carbon nitrogen (C/N) in pig manure than the adjusting of balanced and moisture, in 1000 kilograms of various fowl and animal excrements, preferably add 50 kilograms of corn flour and 200 kilograms system chaff powder fillers such as (or) powder of straw, wheat straw, beanstalk, peanut seedling, sweet potato vine, weeds, after stirring, ferment.
In other step of the present invention, using the waste material after fermentation as the culture base-material of cultivating maggot fly, in culture base-material, add maggot fly blow or sprinkling bait that fly is laid eggs on culture base-material, cultivate and within 2～5 days, can obtain the maggot fly that grows up.First, pack the waste material after fermentation into maggot fly culturing pool, regulating its temperature is 25～36 ℃, be preferably 28～34 ℃, humidity is 30～40%, and the humidity controling environment is 60～80% to cultivate maggot fly, and the ulking thickness of culture base-material is 10～30cm, add maggot fly blow or add bait to make fly on culture base-material, lay eggs to cultivate maggot fly, cultivate and within 2～3 days, can obtain the maggot fly that grows up.Maggot fly blow be dispersed in above medium or directly fly put into maggot fly culturing pool room, at maggot fly culturing pool culture base-material, adding fly bait, to attract fly, descending ovum in the above.For example, on the surface of culture base-material, spray the bloody smelly things such as one deck ammoniacal liquor or fresh animal blood (pig blood, ox blood), chicken intestines, fish intestines.
In another step of the present invention, collect after the adult maggot fly of cultivating, in culture base-material, add EM zymotic fluid to ferment again.Culture base-material after fermenting again, as the culture base-material of cultivating earthworm, adds earthworm kind to cultivate wherein, cultivates and within 2～4 months, can obtain the earthworm that grows up.First, the complete culture base-material of cultivation maggot fly is collected to ferment for the second time (fermenting again).Residue after cultivation maggot fly is continued to be deposited in together, for example, if humidity is sneaked into too greatly some powder of straw,, maize straw, wheat stalk, rice straw etc., puddle evenly, and it is that 15～18%(grabs one that water content is controlled, in being held in the hand, unclamping hand and can freely scatter).Then in 1000 kilograms of culture base-materials, spray 1 kilogram of EM zymotic fluid, cover layer of plastic film above, cover upper 3～7 days, behind internal temperature rise to 40～50 ℃, keep can completing fermentation process more above in 8 hours.Then, the culture base-material after fermenting is again laid on the ground, thickness, at 10～30cm, is put into some earthworm seedlings, for example, and 2～3 kgs/tonne of culture base-materials of peaceful earthworm seedling.Further preferably on the top layer of culture base-material, cover the powder of straw that one deck 10～20mm is thick, through 2～5 months, preferably, about 2～4 months, earthworm grew up, and conventionally can obtain 20～50 kilograms of peaceful earthworm/ton culture base-materials.
In the final step of the inventive method, collect after the earthworm of cultivating, culture base-material is regathered, through drying or drying, make its water content lower than 10%, preferably lower than 5%, can obtain for planting the fertilizer of grain and economic function.If needed, smash to pieces and sieve, make its solids particles size be no more than 10cm, be preferably no more than 3cm.
Below each step of the present invention is explained in more detail.
(1) collect life waste material and cultivation waste material
Collecting the life waste material and/or the cultivation scrap heap that in life in the countryside, produce is placed in fermentation vat as fermentation raw material.Described life waste material is urban residents' slop and/or garbage.Preferred described garbage is at least one in dish leaf, weeds, dish root, pericarp, chicken intestines, fish maw, eggshell and palea.Preferred described cultivation waste material is at least one in pig manure, cow dung, chicken manure, duck excrement and sheep excrement.
(2) fermentation life waste material and cultivation waste material
First, need to build fermentation vat, wherein fermentation vat is equipped with pump mouth, and this pump mouth is mainly used for discharging water unnecessary in fermentation raw material, as shown in Figure 1.Preferably use cement concrete as the material of pool wall, or build and spread ash by laying bricks or stones with common brick, wherein pool wall thickness is preferably 80～150mm.The size of fermentation vat is not particularly limited, and can determine suitable size according to concrete production scale.According to general production scale, the method according to this invention adopts the fermentation vat of the length * wide * degree of depth=2000 * 2000 * 1000mm.Wherein, pump mouth is of a size of the length * wide * degree of depth=300 * 400 * 1400mm.For example, fermentation vat as shown in Figure 1.
General Requirements to fermentation vat is: bilge water resisting seepage is wanted in bottom, prevents from polluting surrounding environment; Bottom wants the 5-10 ° of gradient to tilt to certain angle, and in pond, extreme lower position arranges grid, and fermentation vat sewage is flow to sewage pool, so that from sewage mouth cleaning sewage.For example, for example, by various life in the countryside excretas (, human faecal mass and urine) and fowl and animal excrement (, pig manure, cow dung, chicken manure, duck excrement and sheep excrement etc., wherein, chicken manure+pig manure=1:1 best results) collect, be deposited in fermentation vat the inside, spray again EM zymotic fluid, airtight.Wherein, the ratio of EM liquid is preferably 1 kg/tonne of fermentation raw material.The hack of the 100～150mm of covered with plastic film, and then covering above, guarantees to seal tight.
Preferably, culture base-material is fully fermented, until fermentation raw material there is no stink, stop fermentation.Usually, three seasons of spring and summer autumn need to ferment 2～5 days, and winter, fermentation time was slightly long, need increase 3 days～5 days again.After the internal temperature of measurement fermentation raw material reaches 80～120 ℃, keep more than 8 hours, to guarantee to kill various anaerobic bacterias, i.e. sterilization, sterilization are as the culture base-material that cultivates maggot fly.When there is no stink, ferment complete.
(2) cultivate maggot fly
Then by the culture base-material after fermentation, adjust its humidity and be 30～40%(moist, but not with the state of water), pack maggot fly culturing pool into and cultivate maggot fly.
The construction material of maggot fly culturing pool is common brick, common brick list brick masonry, inner cement plaster is smooth as far as possible, parch.Can prepare maggot fly culturing pool according to the size shown in Fig. 2: dark one end, one end of culturing pool is shallow, be convenient to, after the growth of maggot fly, up climb to collecting vessel.Collecting vessel is placed in superficial one end, to extract flexibly.The outer edge of maggot fly culturing pool is than more than the high 50mm of collecting vessel.
Maggot fly breeding room: adopt the room of sealing printing opacity, can will build tight around with Polypropylence Sheet.Stuffy, insulation is good.Maggot fly blow is dispersed in above culture base-material or directly fly is put into maggot fly culturing pool room, on maggot fly culturing pool culture base-material, spray fly information thing, for example: (for example spray one deck ammoniacal liquor or animal blood that some are fresh, pig blood, ox blood etc.), the bloody smelly thing such as chicken intestines, fish intestines, attract fly at the upper and lower ovum of culture base-material.
Control indoor temperature more than 25～36 ℃, air humidity is 60%～80%, and after 2～3 days, maggot fly will grow out, and 16～18 hours, just may have grown into the maggot fly that grows up.If the culture base-material that the pig manure bait of usining is made as fermentation raw material, one ton of ight soil approximately produces the fresh and alive maggot fly of 150～300 jin of left and right etc.The major product that method of the present invention is produced is maggot fly and earthworm.Maggot fly has very high feed nutritive value.Fly maggot powder active ingredient: thick protein mass content is up to 56%～63%(average out to 59.5%), fat 13%, ash content 7%, carbohydrate 3.1%.Therefore, maggot fly has very high economic worth.Maggot fly as high-protein feed, the peru fish meal that trophic level can be best with import matches in excellence or beauty, and is 1.3 times of soya-bean cake, 1.9 times of animal tankage.Due to 12000～14000 yuan/ton of present imported fish meals, Zhoushan fish meal also 9000～10000 yuan/ton, and price growing steadily always, causes China's cultivation industry feed cost to improve constantly.The high-quality insect protein Peru Fish Dietaries such as maggot fly that the inventive method is prepared, more economical material benefit, nutrient component is also abundanter.
Moreover maggot fly has higher use value.Fresh maggot fly, containing thick protein 15%, crude fat 5.8%, can directly be watched and feed native chicken, wild pheasant etc.Maggot fly, earthworm can be used for cultivating high-grade aquatic products, for example, and the living bait of the high-qualitys such as prawn, crab, eel, swamp eel, U.S. frog, bullfrog, Lampetra mori, spot fish, tortoise.In addition, maggot fly has higher productivity effect.Fly maggot is easily cultivated, and production cost is low, and the cycle is short, only needs more than ten day time.2000 grams of poultry manures can be produced 500 grams of fly maggots.1 cubic metre of fly cage approximately can be produced 150 grams in one day, with 10 fly cages that have upper lower floor, can obtain 20～25 kilograms of fresh maggots every day.Produce 1000 grams of fresh maggots, complete cost only needs 0.14～0.30 yuan.With 4 kilograms of fresh maggots, amount to 1000 grams of fish meal and calculate, only have 30% of fish meal price.18 square metres of examinations, support 9.6 kilograms of average daily output fly maggots.By add 10% fly maggot contrast interpolation 10% fish meal in chicken feed, test, result shows that the former improves 20.3% than the latter laying rate, and feed economic benefits improve 15.8%.With 100 grams of fly maggots piggy of feeding, than the weightening finish 7% of feeding equivalent peru fish meal, cost 13.2%.
(3) ferment again
The complete culture base-material of cultivation maggot fly is collected to ferment for the second time (fermenting again).Base-material after cultivation maggot fly is continued to be deposited in together, if humidity is sneaked into too greatly some powder of straw, for example, maize straw, wheat stalk, rice straw etc., puddle evenly, controlling water content is that 15～18%(grabs one, in being held in the hand, unclamp the state that hand can freely scatter), then in 1000 kilograms of culture base-materials, spray 1 kilogram of EM zymotic fluid, on culture base-material, cover layer of plastic film again, cover after 3～7 days, the temperature of inner base-material is raised to 40～50 ℃ and maintain 8 hours and can complete fermentation process more above.
(4) cultivate earthworm
Then, the culture base-material after fermenting is again laid on level land, its thickness is 10～30cm, is preferably 10-15cm.In this culture base-material, put into 2～3 kgs/tonne of culture base-materials of peaceful earthworm seedling, top layer covers the powder of straw that one deck 10～20mm is thick, and through 2～5 months, preferably 2-4 month, earthworm grew up, and can obtain 20～50 kilograms of earthworm/ton culture base-materials.
Another product that the inventive method obtains is earthworm.Earthworm can not only be loosened the soil, and also has high economic worth.First, earthworm can be made as feed.Earthworm is rich in protein, is extraordinary feed and bait, cultivates the opening food of high-grade aquatic products.Secondly, earthworm claims again earthworm in the traditional Chinese medical science, can treat some diseases.Earthworm is commonly called as earthworm, and Chinese medicine claims earthworm, and earthworm taste cold in nature is salty, and its effect comprises heat-clearing, flat liver, Zhichuan, dredging collateral, cures mainly high fanatical dry, convulsion, headache due to pathogenic wind-heat, hot eyes, hemiplegia etc.Earthworm provides gets liquid and has the good effect that cloperastine is breathed heavily of determining.Earthworm ash and attar of rose mixing energy treatment baldness.
The improved seeds of propagating artificially at present have the large flat small size earthworm of Lumbricidae newbora baky earthworm, the William of Ju Yin section Pheretimatschiliensis and hybridization.Discovered in recent years, earthworm, containing Lumbrokinase, has good result for the treatment of to angiocardiopathy.Earthworm enzyme can not only activation fiber protein resolvase and thrombus, more directly solution fibrin.Clinical treatment thrombotic disease is efficient to be reached more than 80%, and earthworm enzyme reduces blood viscosity in addition, suppresses platelet aggregation, anticoagulation, promotes the effects such as blood flow is unobstructed, and apoplexy sequelae, arteriosclerosis, hypertension and high blood viscosity disease etc. are had to therapeutic action.Lumbrokinase has been developed patent medicine, and taking convenience, safety can easily not cause that high fibrinolysin mass formed by blood stasis causes massive haemorrhage as medicines such as streptokinase, urea kinases.Anticancer research proof earthworm has inhibitory action to the cancer of the esophagus, is used in conjunction the short term effect of lung cancer is better than to chemotherapy with chemotherapeutics.Again, the ight soil of earthworm also contains a certain amount of protein, can be used as feed, is also extraordinary organic manure.
(5) collect culture base-material to prepare fertilizer
Another product that the inventive method is produced is organic manure.
Collect after the earthworm of cultivating, culture base-material is regathered, through drying or drying, make its water content lower than 10%, preferably lower than 5%, if needed, through smashing to pieces and sieving, become for planting the fertilizer of grain and other economic function.This organic manure can for plantation, for example, the crops such as organic grain, organic vegetable, organic fruits, organic medicinal material, organic herbage.By these crops of part further develop ecological cowboying, sheep raising, cultivation aardvark, cultivation rabbit, support goose, the Herbivore such as herbage is breeded fish, then produce economic benefit, form thus good production cycle and economic circulation.
The inventive method is by recycling life in the countryside waste material and cultivation waste material, not only solved the problem of life in the countryside pollution and breeding pollution, and the maggot fly of cultivating according to the inventive method and peaceful earthworm can be used as feed or the insect protein additive of various organic fowl poultrys, high-grade rare bird and high-grade aquatic products.Thus, for rural construction conservation culture, developing ecology cultivate recycling economy and guarantee that sustained economic development provides simple and direct, feasible technical scheme.In addition,, for the good to eat ecological organic farm products of production safety provides practicable industrialization direction, there are high economic benefits.
Embodiment
By the following examples technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail, still, the protection domain of claim of the present invention is not limited to these concrete embodiments.
Embodiment 1: recycle cultivation waste material
The present embodiment 1 utilizes pig manure and the chicken manure collected cultivate maggot fly and peaceful earthworm and obtain organic manure as fermentation raw material, utilizes maggot fly and peaceful earthworm to raise rare bird or high-grade aquatic products again.
Collect respectively 0.5 ton of pig manure from Pig-raising field and chicken manure (chicken manure: pig manure=1:1), and mixed, mixed moisture is 37.8%.Sneak in addition 50 kilograms of corn flour and 200 kilograms of powder of straw, stir so that corn flour moisture absorption prepares fermentation raw material.The water content of testing this fermentation raw material is 36.2%.Then, this fermentation raw material is put into the fermentation vat of the length shown in Fig. 1 * wide * dark=2000 * 2000 * 1000mm.
Preparation EM zymotic fluid.First 1 kilogram of brown sugar is poured in Plastic Drum, then added 1000 kilograms of 48 ℃ of hot water to this bucket, dissolve brown sugar completely.Until water temperature, be down to after 40 ℃, then pour 1 kilogram of EM fermenation raw liquid (company of Bai Yibao Bioisystech Co., Ltd produces by Zhengzhou, and article number is " hundred benefits are precious ") into, be stirred to and mix, make EM zymotic fluid.
In fermentation vat, stack one deck fermentation raw material, spray one deck EM zymotic fluid, the ratio of adding EM zymotic fluid is 1 kg/tonne of fermentation raw material, then on fermentation raw material, covers plastic film, then covers approximately 25 centimetres of fine earths, pats tightly, prevents ventilated.Fully fermentation is 4 days, measurement internal temperature reaches 63 ℃ and keeps getting final product above for 8 hours efficient kill harmful germ, for example, Escherichia coli, clostridium, excellent bacillus, salmonella, pathogenicity colon bacillus, campylobacter jejuni, Listeria Monocytogenes; Virus and parasitic ovum kill, and eliminate stench (there is no stink), and the complete culture base-material as cultivation maggot fly ferments.
Cultivate maggot fly.It is 35% that the complete culture base-material humidity of fermentation is controlled, and packs maggot fly culture pond as shown in Figure 2 into.Maggot fly blow is dispersed in above medium or directly fly is put into maggot fly culturing pool room, on maggot fly culturing pool culture base-material, add fly information thing, for example, spray on one deck ammoniacal liquor or surface and spoon the bloody smelly things such as some fresh animal bloods (pig blood, ox blood), chicken intestines, fish intestines, attract fly and descend ovum in the above.After 3 days, indoor maintenance temperature is more than 32 ℃, and air humidity 70% maggot fly will be born.
Ferment again and cultivate peaceful earthworm.The complete base-material of cultivation maggot fly is collected to ferment for the second time (fermenting again).Residue after cultivation maggot fly is continued to be deposited in together, sneak into a small amount of powder of straw and puddle evenly, take and regulate the water content of base-material as 17.3%(grabs one, in being held in the hand, unclamp hand and can freely scatter).Then on 1000 kilograms of base-materials, spray 1 kilogram of EM dilution, cover layer of plastic film above, cover 6 days, internal temperature rises to 46 ℃ and maintains 8 hours and can complete again and ferment above.
Then, be laid in level land, thickness surpasses 15cm, and 3 kgs/tonne of some peaceful earthworm seedlings are put in the inside, and top layer covers powder of straw that one deck 18mm is thick through about 4.5 months, and earthworm grows up, and produces 49.6 kilograms of earthworm/ton base-materials.
Collect culture base-material.Culture base-material is collected and is dried until its water content is below 5%, obtain for planting the organic manure of grain and economic crops.
Through final, measure: one ton of pig manure produces approximately 300 jin of maggot flies, approximately 60 jin of earthworms and 0.3 ton of fertilizer, 0.3 ton of rich water.According to current market conditions, can calculate its economic worth and be:
150 kilograms * 2 yuan=300 yuan of fresh and alive maggot flies;
30 kilograms * 16 yuan=480 yuan of peaceful earthworms;
300 kilograms * 0.3 yuan=90 yuan of fertilizers;
Total economic worth is 300+480+90=870 unit.If maggot fly, earthworm and fertilizer are used for feeding native chicken, swamp eel, soft-shelled turtle and frog etc., can further increase its economic worth:
150kg maggot fly is fed organic egg under native chicken: conversion ratio 1.5:1, and 150/1.5=100kg, 8 yuan of per kilograms, are worth 800 yuan;
150kg maggot fly compost chicken: conversion ratio 2:1,150/2=75kg, 16 yuan of per kilograms, are worth 1200 yuan;
150kg maggot fly cultivation pheasant: conversion ratio 2:1,150/2=75kg, 20 yuan of per kilograms, are worth 1500 yuan;
150 kilograms of maggot flies are fed swamp eel: conversion ratio: 2:1,150kg/2=75 kilogram, per kilogram price: 30 yuan, be worth: 2250 yuan;
150 kilograms of maggot flies are fed frog: conversion ratio: 2.5:1, and 40 yuan of 150kg/2.5=60kg. per kilogram prices, are worth 2400 yuan;
150 kilograms of maggot flies are fed soft-shelled turtle, conversion ratio: 5:1, and 150kg/5=30KG, per kilogram is worth 120 yuan, is worth 3600 yuan.
To sum up, the direct or indirect economic worth that adopts method of the present invention to come comprehensive cyclic utilization cultivation waste material per ton to produce is approximately 800～3600 yuan.And if according to national relevant regulations, processing the needed expense of cultivation waste material is approximately 300 yuan, brought benefits on the contrary.Therefore, adopt method of the present invention, not only have actual social value (pollution problem), and the economic worth being of practical significance.
The pig manure that the present embodiment utilization is collected and chicken manure and house refuse are cultivated maggot fly and peaceful earthworm and obtain organic manure as fermentation raw material.
Pig manure=1:1), and by its mixing first, (wherein, moisture is 37-38%, chicken manure: to collect respectively 0.5 ton of pig manure from Pig-raising field and chicken manure.Sneak in addition 50 kilograms of corn flour and 200 kilograms of powder of straw, stir so that corn flour moisture absorption prepares fermentation raw material.The water content of testing this fermentation raw material is 36.2%.Then, this fermentation raw material is put into the fermentation vat of the length shown in Fig. 1 * wide * dark=2000 * 2000 * 1000mm.
Preparation EM zymotic fluid.First, 1 kilogram of brown sugar is poured in Plastic Drum, then added 1000 kilograms of 48 ℃ of hot water to this bucket, dissolve brown sugar completely.Until water temperature, be down to after 40 ℃, then pour 1 kilogram of EM fermenation raw liquid (company of Bai Yibao Bioisystech Co., Ltd produces by Zhengzhou, and article number is " hundred benefits are precious ") into, be stirred to and mix, make EM zymotic fluid.
In fermentation vat, stack one deck ight soil, spray one deck EM zymotic fluid, the ratio of adding EM fermentation is 1 kg/tonne of fermentation raw material, then on fermentation raw material, covers plastic film, then covers 30 centimetres of fine earths, pats tightly, prevents ventilated.Fully fermentation is 4 days, measurement internal temperature reaches 63 ℃ and keeps getting final product above for 8 hours efficient kill harmful germ, for example, Escherichia coli, clostridium, excellent bacillus, salmonella, pathogenicity colon bacillus, campylobacter jejuni, Listeria Monocytogenes; Virus and parasitic ovum kill, and eliminate stench (there is no stink), and the complete culture base-material as cultivation maggot fly ferments.
Cultivate maggot fly.It is 35% that the complete culture base-material humidity of fermentation is controlled, and packs maggot fly culture pond as shown in Figure 2 into.Maggot fly blow be dispersed in above medium or directly fly put into maggot fly culturing pool room, at maggot fly culturing pool culture base-material, adding fly information thing.For example, spray on one deck ammoniacal liquor or surface and spoon the bloody smelly things such as some fresh animal bloods (pig blood, ox blood), chicken intestines, fish intestines, attract fly and descend ovum in the above.After 3 days, indoor maintenance temperature is more than 28 ℃, and air humidity 73% maggot fly will be born, 18 hours, just may have grown into the maggot fly that grows up.
Ferment again and cultivate peaceful earthworm.The complete base-material of cultivation maggot fly, collects, for the second time fermentation.Residue after cultivation maggot fly is continued to be deposited in together, for example, if humidity is sneaked into too greatly some powder of straw,, maize straw, wheat stalk, rice straw etc., and puddle evenly, water content 15～18%(grabs one, in being held in the hand, unclamping hand and can freely scatter).Then, in 1000 kilograms of culture base-materials, spray 1 kilogram of EM dilution, then cover layer of plastic film in the above, cover 6 days, the internal temperature of culture base-material rise to 45 ℃ maintain 8 hours above.
Then, be laid in level land, thickness surpasses 15cm, and 3 kgs/tonne of culture base-materials of some peaceful earthworm seedlings are put in the inside, the thick powder of straw of top layer upper cover last layer 18mm, and through about 4.5 months, earthworm grows up, and produces 50 kilograms of earthworm/ton base-materials.
Collect culture base-material.Culture base-material is collected and is dried until its water content is below 5%, obtain for planting the organic manure of grain and economic crops.
Through final, measure: one ton of pig manure is produced 320 jin of maggot flies, 50 jin of earthworms and 0.3 ton of fertilizer, 0.3 ton of rich water.According to current market conditions, can calculate its economic worth and be:
160 kilograms * 2 yuan=320 yuan of fresh and alive maggot flies;
25 kilograms * 16 yuan=400 yuan of peaceful earthworms;
300 kilograms * 0.3 yuan=90 yuan of fertilizers;
If maggot fly, earthworm and fertilizer are used for feeding native chicken, swamp eel, soft-shelled turtle and frog etc., can further increase its economic worth:
160 kilograms of maggot flies are fed organic egg under native chicken, and its conversion ratio is 1.5:1,160/1.5=106.7 kilogram, 8 yuan of per kilograms, 853 yuan of total values;
160 kilograms of maggot fly compost chickens, its conversion ratio is 2:1,160/2=80 kilogram, 16 yuan of per kilograms, are worth 1280 yuan;
160 kilograms of maggot fly cultivation pheasants, its conversion ratio is 2:1,160/2=80 kilogram, 20 yuan of per kilograms, total value is 1600 yuan;
160 kilograms of maggot flies are fed swamp eel, and its conversion ratio is 2:1,160/2=80 kilogram, and 30 yuan of per kilogram prices, total value is 2400 yuan;
160 kilograms of maggot flies are fed frog, and its conversion ratio is 2.5:1,160/2.5=64 kilogram, and 40 yuan of per kilogram prices, total value is 2560 yuan;
160 kilograms of maggot flies are fed soft-shelled turtle, and its conversion ratio is 5:1,150/5=30 kilogram, and per kilogram is worth 120 yuan, 3600 yuan of total values.
To sum up, adopt method of the present invention to carry out approximately 810～36000 yuan of the economic worths that comprehensive cyclic utilization cultivation waste material per ton can produce.And if according to national relevant regulations, process approximately 300 yuan of 1 ton of cultivation waste material and needed expenses of life waste material, bring benefits on the contrary.Therefore, adopt method of the present invention, not only have actual social value (pollution problem), and the economic worth being of practical significance.
Claims (16)
1. the method that the ecological circulation of life in the countryside waste material and cultivation waste material recycles, comprising:
The life waste material producing in life in the countryside and/or cultivation scrap heap are placed in fermentation vat as fermentation raw material;
To adding EM zymotic fluid in fermentation raw material, make it carry out anaerobic fermentation, until fermentation raw material there is no stink, stop fermentation;
Using the waste material after fermentation as the culture base-material of cultivating maggot fly, in culture base-material, add maggot fly blow or sprinkling bait that fly is laid eggs on culture base-material, cultivate and within 2～5 days, can obtain the maggot fly that grows up;
Collect after the adult maggot fly of cultivating, in culture base-material, add EM zymotic fluid to ferment again;
Culture base-material after fermenting again, as the culture base-material of cultivating earthworm, adds earthworm kind to cultivate wherein, cultivates and within 2～4 months, can obtain the earthworm that grows up; And
Collect after the earthworm of cultivating, culture base-material is regathered, through drying or drying, make its water content lower than 5%, if needed, smash to pieces and sieve, become for planting the fertilizer of grain and economic crops.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, described life waste material is urban residents' slop and/or garbage, preferred described garbage is at least one in dish leaf, weeds, dish root, pericarp, chicken intestines, fish maw, eggshell and palea, and the excreta that preferred described cultivation waste material is poultry is as at least one in pig manure, cow dung, chicken manure, duck excrement and sheep excrement.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the mixing waste that the weight ratio that described fermentation raw material is life waste material and cultivation waste material is 1:1, if needs, smashing to pieces and making the particle size of the solids in described fermentation raw material is below 5cm.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described fermentation raw material is that mixing ratio is the chicken manure of 1:1 and the mixed breed waste material of pig manure.
5. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-4, wherein, described fermentation step comprises that by drying or spraying water to regulate the water content of described fermentation raw material be 35～40 % by weight, under the low temperature of 5～35 ℃, carry out anaerobic fermentation, wherein poisonous, the harmful components in the compound bacteria decomposition fermentation raw material in EM zymotic fluid.
6. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-5, wherein, the temperature of controlling culture base-material is 25～36 ℃, and regulating the humidity of culture base-material is 30～40%, and the humidity controling environment is 60～80% to cultivate maggot fly.
7. method according to claim 6, wherein, the temperature of controlling culture base-material is 28～34 ℃.
8. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-7, wherein, described fermentation step again comprises that by drying or spraying water to regulate the water content of described culture base-material be 35～40 % by weight, carries out anaerobic fermentation under the low temperature of 5～35 ℃.
9. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-8, wherein, regulating the humidity of the culture base-material after fermenting is again 18～20%, and controlling its ulking thickness is 10～30cm, and the temperature that controls environment is 15～30 ℃, air humidity is 60～80% to cultivate earthworm.
10. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-9, wherein, described bait is the new blood of ammoniacal liquor or animal.
11. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-10, and wherein, described earthworm is peaceful earthworm.
12. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-11, and wherein, described EM zymotic fluid comprises lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, bacillus and actinomycetes, preferably further comprises that fermentation is the composite microbial bacterias such as thread flora, rhizobium and photosynthetic bacteria.
13. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-12, wherein, described EM zymotic fluid is hundred beneficial precious stostes: brown sugar: the mixed liquor of hundred beneficial precious stostes, brown sugar and water that water weight ratio is 1:1:1000, wherein hundred beneficial precious stostes are the composite microbial bacterias that are purchased.
14. methods according to claim 5, wherein, described poisonous, harmful components include the bacterium of falling ill as Escherichia coli, clostridium, excellent bacillus, salmonella, pathogenicity colon bacillus, campylobacter jejuni, Listeria Monocytogenes; One or more in virus and parasitic ovum.
15. according to the method described in any one in claim 1-14, wherein, cultivated maggot fly and earthworm is used as to the feed that the high-grade rare bird of cultivation, high-grade aquatic products and ecological fowl are raiseeed.
16. methods according to claim 15, wherein, directly feed cultivated maggot fly and earthworm to high-grade rare bird, high-grade aquatic products and ecological fowl poultry as feed; Or they are processed as to albumen powder as the proteins additive of ecological feed.
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