CN115281032B - Ecological cycle planting and breeding combination method based on feed mulberry diversification - Google Patents
Ecological cycle planting and breeding combination method based on feed mulberry diversification Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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Abstract
The application relates to a feed mulberry based diversified ecological cycle planting and breeding combination method, which comprises the following steps: planting feed mulberry; collecting the feed mulberry, and using the feed mulberry for breeding livestock and poultry and/or cultivating edible fungi; adopting livestock manure produced by the livestock and/or edible fungus chaff formed after the edible fungus is picked as a raw material of a compost base material of an earthworm cultivation base material for cultivating earthworms; and (3) using earthworm breeding waste generated by breeding earthworms to plant the feed mulberry. The method not only can output diversified commercial products to improve the utilization level of feed mulberry, but also can form benign ecological cycle and ensure the benign development of the feed mulberry planting industry.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural planting and raising, in particular to a feed mulberry based ecological cycle planting and raising combination method.
Background
The feed mulberry is a feeding mulberry variety with the characteristics of high growth speed, high protein content, strong stress resistance, suitability for mechanized harvesting and the like after variety breeding or planting mode improvement. Based on factors such as reduction of planting cost, centralized management, mechanized harvesting and the like, concentrated large-scale planting is adopted for feed mulberry. Large-scale planting requires a large amount of fertilizer input, corresponds to a large amount of output of feed mulberry, and in order to maximize the benefit of the feed mulberry industry and ensure sustainable development of the feed mulberry industry, it is necessary to establish an efficient planting method around the feed mulberry, so that the feed mulberry can be efficiently utilized and is beneficial to ecological cycle, however, no mature solution exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide an ecological cycle planting and breeding method based on the diversification of feed mulberry which can improve the utilization level of feed mulberry and is advantageous for ecological cycle.
The embodiment of the application provides a feed mulberry based diversified ecological cycle planting and breeding combination method, which comprises the following steps:
Planting feed mulberry;
collecting the feed mulberry, and using the feed mulberry for breeding livestock and poultry and/or cultivating edible fungi;
Adopting livestock manure produced by the livestock and/or edible fungus chaff formed after the edible fungus is picked as a raw material of a compost base material of an earthworm cultivation base material for cultivating earthworms;
And (3) using earthworm breeding waste generated by breeding earthworms to plant the feed mulberry.
In one embodiment, the feed mulberry for cultivating livestock and poultry is whole plant feed mulberry with the growth height of 70 cm-100 cm;
the feed mulberry used for cultivating the edible fungi is whole-plant feed mulberry with the growth height not less than 120 cm.
In one embodiment, the step of using the feed mulberry for cultivating edible fungi includes:
crushing the feed mulberry into feed Sang Keli for edible fungi;
the edible fungus feed mulberry particles are used as raw materials to prepare an edible fungus culture medium, and then the edible fungus culture medium is used for culturing the edible fungus.
In one embodiment, the particle size of the edible fungus feed mulberry particles is 2 cm-3 cm;
The water content of the edible fungus culture medium is 60% -67%.
In one embodiment, the preparation method of the edible fungus culture medium includes any one of the following steps:
(1) Directly taking fresh mulberry particles as raw materials to prepare the edible fungus culture medium;
(2) And (3) air-drying the edible fungus feed Sang Keli, and preparing the edible fungus culture medium by taking the air-dried edible fungus feed mulberry particles as raw materials.
In one embodiment, the edible fungus feed Sang Keli is air-dried, and when the air-dried edible fungus feed mulberry particles are used as raw materials to prepare the edible fungus culture medium, the edible fungus is flammulina velutipes or pleurotus eryngii;
Optionally, the edible fungi are needle mushrooms, and the edible fungi culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Optionally, the edible fungi are pleurotus eryngii, and the edible fungi culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
In one embodiment, 15 mg-25 mg of vitamin B 1 is added into each 1kg of edible fungus culture medium.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps:
and (5) using the earthworms obtained by breeding for breeding livestock and poultry.
In one embodiment, the raw materials of the composting base material comprise livestock manure produced by livestock, edible fungus chaff and corn stalks formed after the edible fungus is picked, wherein the mass ratio of the livestock manure to the edible fungus chaff to the corn stalks is (2-4) (2-5) (1-2);
The edible mushroom bran comprises (1-3) flammulina velutipes mushroom bran and pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran in a mass ratio of (2-4).
In one embodiment, the earthworm breeding base stock is prepared by the steps comprising:
Mixing compost zymophyte and corn meal to form a mixture, mixing and stacking the mixture and the compost bottom material, wherein the stacking height is 1.3-1.5 m, and turning the stack for 2-4 times during stacking;
the stacking time is 25 to 35 days when the temperature is 25 to 33 ℃; the stacking time is 45-60 days when the temperature is 10-20 ℃;
The mass ratio of the composting fermentation bacteria to the corn flour is 1 (50-200);
the mass ratio of the compost zymophyte to the compost bed charge is (0.05-0.2) kg/1 ton;
The compost fermentation bacteria comprise at least one of lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans and saccharomycetes.
The ecological cycle planting and breeding combination method based on the feed mulberry takes the feed mulberry obtained by planting as a raw material, the feed mulberry is used for cultivating livestock and poultry and/or cultivating edible mushrooms, then the edible mushroom chaff formed after livestock and poultry manure and/or edible mushrooms are picked is used as a raw material of compost base material of earthworm cultivation base material for earthworm cultivation, then earthworm cultivation waste generated by earthworms is used for planting the feed mulberry, output products (livestock and poultry, edible mushrooms and the like) formed in each planting link can be used as commodity output, and planting waste (livestock and poultry manure, edible mushroom chaff, earthworm cultivation waste and the like) can be used in the next planting link.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for combining ecological cycle planting and breeding based on the diversification of feed mulberry.
Detailed Description
In order that the application may be understood, a more complete description of the application will be rendered by reference to the embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings. This application may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the application, the technical characteristics described in an open mode comprise a closed technical scheme composed of the listed characteristics and also comprise the open technical scheme of the listed characteristics.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for combining ecological cycle planting and breeding based on a plurality of feed mulberry, comprising the steps of:
Planting feed mulberry;
Collecting feed mulberry, and using the feed mulberry for breeding livestock and poultry and/or cultivating edible fungi;
adopting livestock manure produced by livestock and poultry and/or edible fungus chaff formed after picking up edible fungus as a raw material of compost base material of earthworm breeding base material for breeding earthworms;
The earthworm breeding waste produced by breeding earthworms is used for planting feed mulberry.
The ecological cycle planting and breeding combination method based on the feed mulberry takes the feed mulberry obtained by planting as a raw material, the feed mulberry is used for cultivating livestock and poultry and/or cultivating edible fungi, then edible fungus chaff formed after livestock and poultry manure and/or edible fungi are picked is used as a raw material of compost base material of earthworm cultivation base material for cultivating earthworms, then earthworm cultivation waste produced by cultivating earthworms is used for planting the feed mulberry, output products (livestock and poultry, edible fungi and the like) formed in each planting link can be used as commodity output, and planting waste (livestock and poultry manure, edible fungus chaff, earthworm cultivation waste and the like) can be used in the next planting link.
Regarding the cultivation of edible fungi:
In a specific example, the feed mulberry used for cultivating the edible fungi is a whole plant feed mulberry having a growth height of not less than 120 cm. When the growth height of the feed mulberry reaches more than 120cm, the protein content of the feed mulberry is reduced, the proportion of branches is high, the wood structure in the branches is loose, and the feed mulberry contains certain mulberry leaves, so that if the feed mulberry leaves are used as raw materials of the feed for livestock and poultry, the quality of the feed for livestock and poultry is reduced, but the feed mulberry leaves are suitable for culturing edible fungi. Further, in the embodiment of the application, the feed mulberry used for cultivating the edible fungi is a whole plant feed mulberry, and compared with the feed mulberry which is only used for cultivating the edible fungi by mulberry branches or only used for cultivating a certain part of the feed mulberry, the feed mulberry has higher nutrition components and is more beneficial to cultivating high-quality edible fungi.
Further, the protein content of the feed for cultivating the edible fungi is 8-15% on the basis of air drying of the mulberry.
Further, the neutral washing fiber content of the feed mulberry used for cultivating the edible fungi is 55% -61%.
Further, the content of the acidic washing fiber of the feed mulberry used for cultivating the edible fungi is 32-35%.
In a specific example, the step of using feed mulberry for cultivating edible fungi includes:
Crushing feed mulberry into feed Sang Keli for edible fungi;
The edible fungi culture medium is prepared by taking edible fungi feed mulberry particles as raw materials, and then the edible fungi culture medium is used for culturing the edible fungi.
Further, the grain diameter of the mulberry particles used as the feed for the edible fungi is 2 cm-3 cm.
It will be appreciated that the feed mulberry can be directly harvested by the harvesting device having the shredding function to crush the feed mulberry into particles. It will be appreciated that if the feed Sang Keli is harvested in a larger size, the feed may be crushed again by a crusher until the size meets the requirements.
Further, the water content of the prepared edible fungus culture medium is 60-67%.
Further, the edible fungi culture medium can be prepared in two ways, and can be selected according to actual conditions.
Mode one: the edible fungus culture medium is directly prepared by taking fresh edible fungus feed mulberry particles as raw materials.
Specifically, the fresh edible fungi feed mulberry particles are uniformly mixed with other raw materials, then the mixture is packaged and sterilized, and then inoculation and management can be carried out.
Mode two: air-drying the edible fungus feed Sang Keli, and preparing an edible fungus culture medium by taking the air-dried edible fungus feed mulberry particles as a raw material.
Specifically, the edible fungi cultured by the edible fungi culture medium prepared by the second method can be, for example, but not limited to, flammulina velutipes, pleurotus eryngii and the like.
More specifically, the edible fungi are needle mushrooms, and the edible fungi culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
The edible fungus culture medium formed by compounding according to the formula is used for culturing flammulina velutipes, the hypha growth speed of the culture medium can reach 0.84 cm/d-0.94 cm/d, the bag filling time of hypha is 36-39 days, the bioconversion rate can reach 105-115%, and the hypha is thick, white and dense, and has good growth vigor, which is higher than the bioconversion rate of the conventional culture medium mainly comprising cotton seed hulls and corncobs.
More preferably, the edible fungi are needle mushrooms, and the edible fungi culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
more specifically, the edible fungi are pleurotus eryngii, and the edible fungi culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
The edible fungus culture medium formed by compounding according to the formula is used for culturing the pleurotus eryngii, the hypha growth speed of the culture medium can reach 0.55cm/d to 0.70cm/d, the bag filling days of the hypha are 28 days to 33 days, the bioconversion rate reaches 105% -125%, the mushroom type is large, and the uniformity is good; compared with the traditional culture medium mainly comprising the miscellaneous wood chips and the corncobs, the biological conversion rate is higher, the mushroom type is bigger and tidier.
More preferably, the edible fungi are pleurotus eryngii, and the edible fungi culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
more specifically, no matter whether the edible fungi are needle mushrooms or pleurotus eryngii, 15 mg-25 mg of vitamin B 1 is added into each 1kg of edible fungi culture medium.
It can be understood that after the edible fungi cultivated by the method are ripely harvested, the remaining cultivation waste can form edible fungus chaff, the edible fungus chaff also contains a large amount of mycelium, sugar, enzymes, organic acid and other nutrient substances, and the edible fungus chaff has loose and porous structure and good air permeability and is suitable for earthworm cultivation.
Regarding the breeding of livestock and poultry:
In a specific example, the feed mulberry for livestock and poultry cultivation is whole plant feed mulberry with the growth height of 70 cm-100 cm. The mulberry feed is harvested when the growth height of the mulberry feed is within the range, the annual biological yield is high, the nutrient contents of protein Sang Danbai and the like are rich, more bioactive substances are accumulated, and the mulberry feed is most suitable for being prepared into livestock feed for livestock cultivation, the quality of the mulberry feed is close to that of alfalfa hay, and the mulberry feed is a high-quality livestock feed raw material.
Further, the protein content of the feed for livestock and poultry cultivation is 15-25% based on air drying of mulberry leaves.
Further, the neutral washing fiber content of the feed mulberry for livestock and poultry cultivation is 45-55%.
Further, the content of the acidic washing fiber of the feed mulberry used for livestock and poultry cultivation is 27% -33%.
In a specific example, the step of using the feed mulberry for breeding livestock includes:
The feed mulberry is processed to prepare livestock feed, and then the livestock feed is used for feeding livestock.
Further, the mode of processing the feed mulberry into the livestock feed comprises any one of the following modes:
(1) Firstly, crushing feed Sang Honggan into feed mulberry powder for livestock and poultry, and then processing the feed mulberry powder for livestock and poultry as a raw material to prepare livestock and poultry feed;
(2) Silage is carried out on the feed mulberry, and silage products are directly used as livestock and poultry feed;
(3) Fermenting feed mulberry, and directly taking the fermentation product as livestock and poultry feed;
(4) The feed mulberry is fermented first, and then the fermented product is used as the raw material to prepare the livestock feed.
In a specific example, the livestock and poultry may be, for example, but not limited to, live pigs, cattle and sheep, and the like.
It will be appreciated that the live pigs may be, for example, fattening pigs, pregnant sows, lactating sows, breeding boars and the like. Further, the formulation of the livestock and poultry feed is different for different types of live pigs. For example, when the livestock and poultry feed is prepared to feed live pigs in the following way: firstly, crushing feed Sang Honggan into feed mulberry powder for livestock and poultry, and then processing the feed mulberry powder for livestock and poultry as a raw material to prepare livestock and poultry feed, wherein the mass of the feed mulberry powder for livestock and poultry for feeding fattening pigs accounts for 3% -10% of the total mass of the livestock and poultry feed, and the mass of the feed mulberry powder for livestock and poultry for feeding pregnant sows accounts for 3% -8% of the total mass of the livestock and poultry feed; the mass of the mulberry powder serving as the livestock and poultry feed for feeding the lactating sows is 5-8% of the total mass of the livestock and poultry feed; the mass of the mulberry powder serving as the feed for livestock and poultry for feeding the breeding boars accounts for 5-10% of the total mass of the feed for livestock and poultry.
In a specific example, the method for combining ecological cycle planting and breeding based on the diversification of feed mulberry further comprises the following steps:
and (5) using the earthworms obtained by breeding for breeding livestock and poultry.
Further, the earthworms thus raised can be used as a feed material for livestock and poultry such as a pig. The earthworm is a high-quality protein, and a certain amount of earthworm is added into the livestock and poultry feed to replace fish meal to be used as a raw material, so that the dependence of livestock and poultry breeding industry on imported fish meal can be relieved, and meanwhile, the feeding titer of the livestock and poultry feed is improved, and the livestock and poultry feed is more beneficial to the nutrition and health of livestock and poultry such as pigs. For cost, preferably, the mass of the earthworms accounts for 3 to 5 percent of the total mass of the livestock and poultry feed. Further, when the bred livestock and poultry are live pigs, the livestock and poultry feed containing earthworms in the raw materials is preferably used for breeding live pigs in a young piglet (weight is not more than 15 kg) stage, namely, as a suckling pig feed and a piglet feed. It will be appreciated that earthworms as used herein may be those produced by raising earthworms in the above-described process.
Regarding the cultivation of earthworms:
In a specific example, the compost bed material for raising earthworms comprises livestock manure produced by livestock and poultry and edible fungus chaff formed after picking edible fungi.
Further, the raw materials of the compost bed charge comprise livestock manure, edible fungus chaff and corn straw with the mass ratio of (2-4) to (2-5) to (1-2). Preferably, the mass ratio of the livestock manure to the edible fungus chaff to the corn straw in the raw materials of the compost bed charge is 2:2:1.
Further, the edible fungus chaff comprises flammulina velutipes fungus chaff and pleurotus eryngii fungus chaff with the mass ratio of (2-4) to (1-3). Preferably, the mass ratio of flammulina velutipes fungus chaff to pleurotus eryngii fungus chaff in the edible fungus chaff is 2:1.
Further, the compost bed charge is prepared by the following steps:
uniformly mixing the livestock manure, the edible fungus chaff and the corn straw.
Further, the earthworm breeding base stock is prepared by fermenting compost base stock.
Further, the earthworm breeding base stock is prepared by the following steps:
Mixing the compost zymophyte with corn flour to form a mixture, and then mixing and accumulating the mixture with the compost bed charge. The raw materials can be thoroughly decomposed in a composting way, so that the earthworms can quickly absorb nutrients, and the growth of the earthworms is accelerated. And the death of earthworms caused by the fermentation and temperature rise of the compost bed charge in the earthworm breeding process can also be avoided. Furthermore, the adoption of the steps for fermentation can kill pathogenic microorganisms and ova in the raw materials, so that the earthworm is not affected by the pathogenic microorganisms in the growth process, and the use safety of the earthworm breeding waste such as wormcast for planting feed mulberry is ensured.
Specifically, the mass ratio of the compost zymophyte to the corn flour is 1 (50-200). Preferably, the mass ratio of the composting fermentation bacteria to the corn flour is 1:100.
Specifically, the mass ratio of the compost zymophyte to the compost bed charge is (0.05-0.2) kg/1 ton. Preferably, the mass ratio of the compost zymophyte to the compost substrate is 0.1 kg/1 ton.
Specifically, the compost zymophyte may include, but is not limited to, at least one of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, and yeast.
Specifically, the mixture and the compost bed charge are mixed and piled to form a pile with the height of 1.3-1.5 meters.
Specifically, the composting time is related to the air temperature, and the longer the composting time is at the end of the air temperature month. For example, the stacking time is 25 to 35 days at a temperature of 25 to 33 ℃; the stacking time is 45-60 days when the temperature is 10-20 ℃.
Specifically, during the stacking, the stacking is performed 2 to 4 times.
It can be understood that the earthworm dry body protein content is about 70%, and the earthworm dry body protein contains active components such as lumbrokinase, antibacterial peptide and the like, and is also a very high-quality animal protein source, and the earthworm dry body protein source is used as a raw material of livestock and poultry feed for breeding livestock and poultry, thereby being beneficial to promoting the growth of the livestock and poultry.
It can be understood that the earthworm breeding waste with uniform color and mud smell can be obtained after the earthworms are ripely harvested. The earthworm breeding waste mainly comprises wormcast, the wormcast has the characteristics of granular structure, porosity, large surface area, strong adsorption capacity and the like, and also contains humic acid, a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, secretion and the like. After earthworms are cultivated and matured, the earthworms are collected through illumination induction, and the rest material is earthworm cultivation waste which can be directly used as an organic fertilizer to be applied to feed mulberry fields or farmlands for planting feed mulberry, so that the growth of the feed mulberry is promoted.
Regarding the cultivation of feed mulberry:
in a specific example, the planting site of the mulberry feed may be a continuous land such as hills, farmlands, etc.
In a specific example, the field management of the forage mulberry includes pest control, water drainage drought control, cultivation and weeding, fertilization management, and the like.
In a specific example, the earthworm cultivation waste formed after the earthworm cultivation is used as a raw material of a feed mulberry fertilizer for planting feed mulberry.
In a specific example, the mulberry feed may be fertilized by applying sufficient winter base fertilizer, applying spring fertilizer, applying Xia Fei again, and applying Qiu Fei again.
Further, the winter fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, the fertilizing amount of the winter fertilizer plays an important role in the yield of feed mulberry, and the winter fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer to be applied in winter cultivation, so that the soil structure can be improved, and the soil fertility can be improved. Preferably, the fertilizing amount of the winter fertilizer accounts for 60% -70% of the total annual fertilizing amount.
Furthermore, the spring fertilizer is beneficial to promoting the rapid growth of mulberry branches and leaves as feed, and can be applied when new buds grow out in spring. Preferably, the fertilizing amount of the spring fertilizer accounts for about 10% of the total annual fertilizing amount.
Further, after harvesting spring stubbles in summer, the feed mulberry consumes a large amount of nutrients, and the feed mulberry is high in temperature in summer, sufficient in rainwater and quick in decomposition of soil fertilizer, so that the feed mulberry grows vigorously, and is an important output period of the feed mulberry, and a large amount of nutrients are needed to be supplemented. Further, shi Xiafei is about 1 to 7 days after harvesting the upper crop in summer. Preferably, the fertilizing amount of the summer fertilizer accounts for 10% -20% of the total annual fertilizing amount. Preferably, 6 kg-10 kg of urea can be additionally applied to each mu of mulberry field.
Further, the growth rate of feed mulberry is slowed down in autumn, namely after nineteen months, and the fertilizer application amount can be properly reduced due to drought weather. Preferably, the fertilizer application amount of the autumn fertilizer accounts for 5% -10% of the total annual fertilizer application amount.
Further, the fertilizing amount of the mulberry field per mu of feed is 2 tons to 4 tons.
Further, the fertilization mode of the feed mulberry can comprise the following steps:
Digging fertilization trenches with the depth of 15 cm-25 cm between the feed mulberry field, and uniformly spreading feed mulberry fertilizer in the trenches.
The ecological cycle planting and breeding combination method based on the feed mulberry takes the feed mulberry obtained by planting as a raw material, the feed mulberry is used for cultivating livestock and poultry and/or edible fungi, then edible fungus chaff formed after livestock and poultry manure produced by the livestock and poultry and/or edible fungi are picked is used as a raw material of compost base material of earthworm cultivation base material for cultivating earthworms, and then the wormcast produced by the cultivated earthworms is used for planting the feed mulberry. Further, the bred earthworms can be used for breeding livestock and poultry. Livestock and poultry and edible fungi produced by cyclic planting and raising can be output as commercial products, other products can be used as planting and raising raw materials in other planting and raising links in the cycle, each planting and raising link is promoted to have good output quality, the utilization level of feed mulberry is greatly improved, benign ecological cycle is formed, and the feed mulberry planting industry can be developed benign.
The following are specific examples.
Example 1
The whole-plant feed mulberry with the growth height not less than 120cm is used for cultivating edible fungi, and the steps comprise:
crushing feed mulberry into feed Sang Keli for edible fungi with the grain diameter of 2 cm-3 cm;
air-drying the edible fungus feed Sang Keli, preparing an edible fungus culture medium by taking air-dried edible fungus feed mulberry particles as raw materials, and culturing the edible fungus by using the prepared edible fungus culture medium.
The edible fungi cultivated are needle mushrooms, and the edible fungi culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
to the prepared medium, 20mg of vitamin B 1 was additionally added per 1kg of medium.
Example 2
The whole-plant feed mulberry with the growth height not less than 120cm is used for cultivating edible fungi, and the steps comprise:
crushing feed mulberry into feed Sang Keli for edible fungi with the grain diameter of 2 cm-3 cm;
air-drying the edible fungus feed Sang Keli, preparing an edible fungus culture medium by taking air-dried edible fungus feed mulberry particles as raw materials, and culturing the edible fungus by using the prepared edible fungus culture medium.
The edible fungi cultivated are needle mushrooms, and the edible fungi culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
to the prepared medium, 20mg of vitamin B 1 was additionally added per 1kg of medium.
Example 3
The whole-plant feed mulberry with the growth height not less than 120cm is used for cultivating edible fungi, and the steps comprise:
crushing feed mulberry into feed Sang Keli for edible fungi with the grain diameter of 2 cm-3 cm;
air-drying the edible fungus feed Sang Keli, preparing an edible fungus culture medium by taking air-dried edible fungus feed mulberry particles as raw materials, and culturing the edible fungus by using the prepared edible fungus culture medium.
The edible fungi cultivated are needle mushrooms, and the edible fungi culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
to the prepared medium, 20mg of vitamin B 1 was additionally added per 1kg of medium.
Comparative example 1
The edible fungi cultivated are needle mushrooms, and the edible fungi culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
/>
to the prepared medium, 20mg of vitamin B 1 was additionally added per 1kg of medium.
The flammulina velutipes cultivated in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were observed, and the flammulina velutipes were evaluated for growth, and the evaluation results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 evaluation results of flammulina velutipes growth conditions
As can be seen from Table 1, the flammulina velutipes cultivated in examples 1 to 3 have a fast growth rate of mycelia, and have a shorter number of days when the mycelia are packed in bags, and a higher bioconversion rate, as compared with comparative example 1.
Example 4
The whole-plant feed mulberry with the growth height not less than 120cm is used for cultivating edible fungi, and the steps comprise:
crushing feed mulberry into feed Sang Keli for edible fungi with the grain diameter of 2 cm-3 cm;
air-drying the edible fungus feed Sang Keli, preparing an edible fungus culture medium by taking air-dried edible fungus feed mulberry particles as raw materials, and culturing the edible fungus by using the prepared edible fungus culture medium.
The cultured edible fungi are pleurotus eryngii, and the edible fungi culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
to the prepared medium, 20mg of vitamin B 1 was additionally added per 1kg of medium.
Example 5
The whole-plant feed mulberry with the growth height not less than 120cm is used for cultivating edible fungi, and the steps comprise:
Crushing feed mulberry into feed Sang Keli for edible fungi with the grain size of 2 cm-3 cm;
air-drying the edible fungus feed Sang Keli, preparing an edible fungus culture medium by taking air-dried edible fungus feed mulberry particles as raw materials, and culturing the edible fungus by using the prepared edible fungus culture medium.
The cultured edible fungi are pleurotus eryngii, and the edible fungi culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
to the prepared medium, 20mg of vitamin B 1 was additionally added per 1kg of medium.
Example 6
The whole-plant feed mulberry with the growth height not less than 120cm is used for cultivating edible fungi, and the steps comprise:
crushing feed mulberry into feed Sang Keli for edible fungi with the grain diameter of 2 cm-3 cm;
air-drying the edible fungus feed Sang Keli, preparing an edible fungus culture medium by taking air-dried edible fungus feed mulberry particles as raw materials, and culturing the edible fungus by using the prepared edible fungus culture medium.
The cultured edible fungi are pleurotus eryngii, and the edible fungi culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
to the prepared medium, 20mg of vitamin B 1 was additionally added per 1kg of medium.
Comparative example 2
The cultured edible fungi are pleurotus eryngii, and the edible fungi culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
/>
to the prepared medium, 20mg of vitamin B 1 was additionally added per 1kg of medium.
The pleurotus eryngii cultivated in examples 4 to 6 and comparative example 2 was observed, and the growth of the pleurotus eryngii was evaluated, and the evaluation results are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 evaluation results of Pleurotus eryngii growth conditions
As can be seen from Table 2, the Pleurotus eryngii mycelia cultured in examples 4 to 6 were faster in growth rate, shorter in the number of days of bag filling, higher in bioconversion rate, larger in mushroom rows and better in uniformity, as compared with comparative example 2.
Example 7
(1) And planting feed mulberry in a feed mulberry field.
(2) The method comprises the steps of classifying and harvesting feed mulberry, and using whole-plant feed mulberry with the growth height of 70 cm-100 cm for breeding livestock and poultry; the whole-plant feed mulberry with the growth height not less than 120cm is used for culturing edible fungi.
The method for breeding livestock and poultry comprises the following steps:
crushing feed Sang Honggan into feed mulberry powder for livestock and poultry; then, the livestock and poultry feed is prepared by taking the livestock and poultry feed mulberry powder as a raw material, and then the livestock and poultry feed is used for feeding livestock and poultry. Wherein, the mass of the mulberry powder used for feeding livestock and poultry of fattening pigs, pregnant sows, lactating sows and breeding boars is respectively 4%, 5%, 6% and 8% of the total mass of the livestock and poultry feed; the raw materials of the livestock and poultry feed for feeding young piglets also comprise earthworms, and the mass of the earthworms accounts for 3.5 percent of the total mass of the livestock and poultry feed.
Among them, the method of cultivating edible fungi is described in examples 1 and 4. (3) Adopting livestock manure produced by livestock and poultry and edible fungus chaff formed after picking edible fungus as raw materials of compost base material of earthworm cultivation base material to cultivate earthworms; the preparation method of the compost bed charge comprises the following steps:
The mass ratio of the livestock manure to the edible fungus chaff to the corn straw is 2:2:1; wherein the mass ratio of the flammulina velutipes fungus chaff to the pleurotus eryngii fungus chaff in the edible fungus chaff is 2:1; uniformly mixing the livestock manure, the edible fungus chaff and the corn straw.
The preparation method of the earthworm breeding base material comprises the following steps:
the composting fermentation bacteria and corn flour are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:100 to form a mixture, then the mixture is layered and sown in the composting base material according to the proportion of adding 0.1kg of the composting fermentation bacteria into each ton of the composting base material, the height of the compost is 1.3 meters, the compost is piled for about 30 days, the compost is turned over for 3 times during the composting period, and the earthworm culture base material is formed after full decomposition.
(4) The earthworms obtained by cultivation are used for livestock and poultry cultivation in the next cultivation cycle, and the earthworm cultivation waste generated by cultivating earthworms is used for realizing ecological cycle in the feed mulberry planting in the next cycle.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The ecological cycle planting and breeding combination method based on the diversification of feed mulberry is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Planting feed mulberry;
collecting the feed mulberry, and using the feed mulberry for breeding livestock and poultry and/or cultivating edible fungi;
Adopting livestock manure produced by the livestock and/or edible fungus chaff formed after the edible fungus is picked as a raw material of a compost base material of an earthworm cultivation base material for cultivating earthworms;
The earthworm cultivation waste produced by cultivating earthworms is used as a raw material of feed mulberry fertilizer for planting the feed mulberry, wherein the fertilizing amount of winter fertilizer accounts for 60% -70% of the total annual fertilizing amount, the fertilizing amount of spring fertilizer accounts for about 10% of the total annual fertilizing amount, the fertilizing amount of summer fertilizer accounts for 10% -20% of the total annual fertilizing amount, and the fertilizing amount of autumn fertilizer accounts for 5% -10% of the total annual fertilizing amount;
The feed mulberry for cultivating livestock and poultry is whole plant feed mulberry with the growth height of 70 cm-100 cm;
the feed mulberry used for cultivating the edible fungi is whole-plant feed mulberry with the growth height not less than 120 cm;
the step of using the feed mulberry for cultivating edible fungi comprises the following steps:
crushing the feed mulberry into feed Sang Keli for edible fungi;
air-drying the edible fungi feed Sang Keli, preparing an edible fungi culture medium by taking air-dried edible fungi feed mulberry particles as raw materials, and culturing the edible fungi by using the edible fungi culture medium, wherein the edible fungi are flammulina velutipes or pleurotus eryngii;
the edible fungi are needle mushrooms, and the edible fungi culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
2. The method for combining ecological cycle planting and breeding based on the diversification of feed mulberry according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the feed mulberry particle for edible fungi is 2 cm-3 cm;
The water content of the edible fungus culture medium is 60% -67%.
3. The method for combining feed-based mulberry diversification ecological cycle planting and breeding according to claim 1, wherein the edible mushrooms are pleurotus eryngii, and the edible mushroom culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
4. the method for combining ecological cycle planting and breeding based on the diversification of feed mulberry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the edible mushrooms are flammulina velutipes, and the edible mushroom culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
5. The method for combining ecological cycle planting and cultivating based on the diversification of feed mulberry according to claim 1, wherein 15 mg-25 mg of vitamin B 1 is added to each 1kg of the edible mushroom culture medium.
6. The method for combining ecological cycle planting and raising based on the diversification of feed mulberry as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
and (5) using the earthworms obtained by breeding for breeding livestock and poultry.
7. The method for combining ecological cycle planting and raising based on the diversification of the feed mulberry according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the raw materials of the compost base material comprise livestock manure generated by livestock and poultry, edible fungus chaff formed after the edible fungus is picked and corn straw, and the mass ratio of the livestock manure to the edible fungus chaff to the corn straw is (2-4): 2-5): 1-2;
The edible mushroom bran comprises (1-3) flammulina velutipes mushroom bran and pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran in a mass ratio of (2-4).
8. The method for combining ecological cycle planting and raising based on the diversification of feed mulberry as claimed in claim 7, wherein the earthworm raising base stock is prepared by comprising the following steps:
Mixing compost zymophyte and corn meal to form a mixture, mixing and stacking the mixture and the compost bottom material, wherein the stacking height is 1.3-1.5 m, and turning the stack for 2-4 times during stacking;
the stacking time is 25 to 35 days when the temperature is 25 to 33 ℃; the stacking time is 45-60 days when the temperature is 10-20 ℃;
The mass ratio of the composting fermentation bacteria to the corn flour is 1 (50-200);
the mass ratio of the compost zymophyte to the compost bed charge is (0.05-0.2) kg/1 ton;
The compost fermentation bacteria comprise at least one of lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans and saccharomycetes.
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