CN1316404A - Process for preparing compound biologic organic fertilizer from solid waste - Google Patents
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Abstract
A process for preparing biological organic compound fertilizer from solid wastes includes 9 steps i.e fermenting, baking, crushing, proportioning, etc. The useful bacteria such as azotobacterium, phosphorus bacterium, potassium bacterium are inoculated to organic carrier by biologic engineering and physical process. Its advantages include environment protection, fast effectiveness, and balancing the nutrients in plant.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of solid waste manufacturing that will contain organic substance and be processed into the method for manufacturing technology of bioorganic compound fertilizer.
Solid waste is human solid and the gunk that abandons in production, life activity, and (solid waste mainly is divided into trade waste, municipal wastes, agricultural wastes, mining wastes etc.) along with the development of human civilization society, the generation of solid waste is more and more big, countries in the world have run into all that solid waste is caused disaster, the challenge of contaminate environment, and solid waste and waste water, waste gas, noise are the same, are one of important factors that causes present environmental pollution.
China is a developing country, and under the excellent situation of reforming and opening up to the outside world, developing the economy, township and village enterprises is a dark horse, and the solid waste quantum of output sharply increases.According to statistics in 1996, Chinese industrial waste year generation was 6.4 hundred million tons.The solid waste generation is so big, and handle wretched insufficiency is set, comprehensive utilization ratio is very low, and most solid waste still are in simple stacking, any emissions status, cause trade waste volume of cargo in storage over the years to reach more than 6,400,000,000 ton, 2/3 above city, the whole nation is absorbed among the rubbish tight encirclement by the enemy.The farmland of noxious waste pollution has reached more than 30 ten thousand mu, and only pollution incident has just taken place more than 100 nineteen ninety, loses huge.Expect this year, China's trade waste year generation will reach 1,000,000,000 tons, nearly 200,000,000 tons of domestic refuse.Huge solid waste amount like this, the harm of generation also is huge, it has been occupied a large amount of arable lands, contaminated soil, polluted water, atmosphere pollution and has had a strong impact on environmental health.Solid waste is again a kind of resource of reproducible utilization simultaneously.China has formulated policy, policy and the rules of a series of solid waste resource recoveries from the eighties, at the beginning of the nineties, again the comprehensive reutilization (resource utilization) of eight big solid waste is classified as among the great techno-economic policy of country.In China's agriculture production, given too much chemicals causes soil compaction in a large number at present, and soil fertility continues to descend, and has had a strong impact on agriculture production.
The main mode of refuse treatment has landfill technology, incineration technology, heat treatment technics, composting technology etc. both at home and abroad.Wherein prevailing is that employing landfill and incineration technology are main, and the burning method investment is big, working cost is high, and produces strong carcinogens " Dioxins " in burning process, causes serious secondary pollution.Garbage loading embeading is land occupation, polluted underground water source not only, and may produce inflammable gas, and the danger of blast is all arranged at any time.There are two subject matters in the method for compost treatment: the one, and product is coarse, often is mingled with fragments such as spiral shell shell, glass, rubble, iron filings in the compost, influences the farmland and uses; The 2nd, wherein nutritive elements such as N, P, K are low, and its yield increase effect can't be compared with other fertilizer under the situation of single compost, lack the power of striving unexpectedly.This is the key point of smooth and all composting plants losss of most of garbage compost factory product marketing, thereby many composting plant severe situations of facing collapse.Deep processing is carried out to composting production exactly in the road of the ideal that addresses this problem, the compost crude product is become a kind of particulate state biological organic complex fertilizer through suitability for industrialized production, at present China's method of manufacturing technology of the production particulate state biological organic complex fertilizer that is shaped of complete sum without comparison also.
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of method of manufacturing technology of bioorganic compound fertilizer, it can handle mud with municipal wastewater, domestic waste, flyash, fowl and animal excrement, sugar refinery waste residue, agricultural wastes, food-processing waste etc. contain organic solid waste and become a kind of particulate state biological organic complex fertilizer through suitability for industrialized production, it is coarse to have overcome composting production, the shortcoming that the inclusion multiple nutritive components is low has environment protecting preferably.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
This bioorganic compound fertilizer is to make carrier with organism, and multiple beneficial microbiobacterial agents such as vinelandii, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacterium, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria are inoculated on the organic carrier, by suitability for industrialized production, makes granulated fertilizer again.
Raw material of the present invention is to contain organic solid materials, comprising:
1, the mud after the municipal sewage treatment; 2, domestic waste;
3, flyash; 4, fowl and animal excrement;
5, sugar refinery waste residue; 6, agricultural wastes;
7, food-processing industry waste; 8, brown coal;
9, coal gangue; 10, careless carbon; Wherein part material available nutrient sees the following form:
The invention provides a kind of step that expands following order with this processing method bag of processing method of preparing compound biologic organic fertilizer from solid waste:
1, fermenting raw materials is handled: contain organic solid materialss and should carry out fermentative processing (sun power concentrates fermentation) earlier various, the purpose of fermentation is to become thoroughly decomposed, sterilization, deodorizing, dehydration.
As follows to each ingredient requirement:
| Organic content | 20-80％ |
| Carbon-nitrogen ratio is | 25-35∶1 |
| Carbon-phosphorus ratio is | 75-150∶1 |
| Water content is | 50-60％ |
The temperature of fermentation is 65-75 ℃, can add EM bacterium (enzymatic microorganism) in order to shorten fermentation time in material, makes fermentation time foreshorten to 5-7 days, and fermentation back index: organism fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, water ratio≤35%, C: N≤20: 1, intestinal bacteria:＜10
-2-10
-1, Salmonellas: do not have, this kind processing step contains trace elements such as Si.Ca because of it for mineral raw materials such as flyash, brown coal, coal gangues, also can make other organic matter fermentation additive.
2, oven dry: after fermenting raw materials, in order to remove excessive moisture, dry, this process is fragmentation while drying, and oven dry back raw material water ratio should be 10-15%, and granularity is 5-10cm.
3, pulverize: in order to make the particulate needs, need the raw material after the oven dry is pulverized, pulverize back granularity 80 orders.
4, blending process: because the nutrient content of various raw materials differs, to the elements such as N.P.K. of raw material be replenished, make its total nutrient and organism reach standard-required, sometimes trace element in also will in raw material, adding in addition according to Different Crop and different soils conditional request, plant-growth mediator agent, weedicide etc.More than various raw materials to require to finish according to prescription by the electronic proportioning system under the computer control.
5, mix: will mix through mixing machine after the batching, mix and want fully will promptly mix both usefulness after the mixing, should not mix the back and place of a specified duration.In order to avoid make moist.
6, granulation: granulating working procedure is the critical process of biological organic complex fertilizer.In the material input granulation dish that mixes, under the effect of water or tackiness agent, finish granulation process, require material granularity to reach Φ 2-4.75mm, quantity (shaping rate) 〉=80%.
7, biological bacteria spreads cultivation: with vinelandii, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacterium, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria multiple beneficial microbiobacterial agent are inoculated on the organic carrier, after spreading cultivation and mixing of materials, make bacteria containing amount in the material reach the requirement of beneficial bacteria bacterium number 〉=0.2 hundred million/g, have only the fertilizer that adds bacteria agent, just can become bio-organic fertilizer.
(1) solid-state microbial inoculum can add in mixing process.
(2) liquid microbial inoculum can also can add in granulation process in mixing process.
8, oven drying at low temperature cooling: owing to the adding of water in the granulation process and microbial inoculum, the water content of fertilizer is increased, need oven dry once more, oven dry this time will guarantee the survival of bacterial classification, can only carry out oven drying at low temperature, bake out temperature is below 60 ℃, and oven dry back particulate water content is controlled at≤below 13%, particle resistance to compression degree 〉=6N.
9, screening is handled: the material after the oven dry, and through the sieve apparatus sorting, thin material returns again and mixes, and bulky material is granulation again more after crushed, and qualified material is through electronics packaging scale packing warehouse-in.
The present invention has the following advantages owing to adopted above-mentioned method of manufacturing technology to produce biological organic complex fertilizer:
1, this kind technology is domestic waste, the mud in the municipal wastewater.The organic waste of the flyash in the feces of livestock and poultry on mud, mechanizing poultry farming, pig farm, crop cane, power station, slag, chemical industry etc. causes the waste of environmental pollution to make organic fertilizer, promptly administered environmental pollution again for agricultural improvement soil, make agricultural production and income, create good social benefit, border measuring and calculating factually, one ton of organic fertilizer of every production can consume 2 tons of solid waste.
2, in agriculture production, use organic fertilizer than using chemical fertilizer and reduce cost 10-20%, can make increasing crop yield more than 10% again.As by 1000 jin of calculating of per mu yield, then can increase production 100 jin, grain per jin is by 0.5 yuan of calculating, and then every mu of ground can increase income 50-70 yuan, has so also brought very big income to the peasant.
3, the technical indicator of the bioorganic compound fertilizer of being produced:
| Project | Unit | Quantity |
| Total nutrient (N, P, K) | ????％ | ????25 |
| Organism | ????％ | ????≥20 |
| Moisture content | ????％ | ????≥10 |
| Granularity | φ1-4.75m/m?％≥ | ????80 |
| Compressive resistance | φ2-2.8m/m?N≥ | ????6 |
4, the bio-organic fertilizer that goes out with explained hereafter of the present invention is called as " green fertilizer ", " ecological, environmental protective fertilizer ".Biological organic fertilizer can be improved the soil, the also reasonable quality of agricultural product that improves when improving agricultural output improves agricultural product added value, increases farmers' income, be to strengthen ecological agriculture construction, guarantee an important basic work of China's agricultural sustainable development.
5, biology organically acts on: the crop needed nutrient of growing each period can be provided, improve crop yield and improve quality of agricultural product, increase soil fertility.
Accompanying drawings embodiment:
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet with preparing compound biologic organic fertilizer from solid waste.
Embodiment 1
With coal gangue, brown coal, weathered coal, careless carbon etc. is that main raw material is allocated ground phosphate rock and amyloid organic substance again into and contained middle micro-inorganics, warp and the multiple beneficial microorganism thorough mixing that plays a crucial role, manufacture the granular biological organic fertilizer of garden shape, contain abundant organic (humic acid) in the above-mentioned main raw material, can use separately, also can use with.
Prescription:
| Batching | Ratio | Requirement | ||
| Main raw material (coal gangue, brown coal, weathered coal, careless carbon etc.) accounts for 58% | ????58％ | Thermal value＞1000 kilocalorie ashes amount＜70% fineness＞120 orders | ||
| Auxiliary material | Ground phosphate rock | Account for 17% | Contain P 2O 5≥24％ | Fineness＞120 orders |
| The organic substance (as Semen Maydis powder, red dog flour, tapioca flour etc.) that contains starch contains the organic substance (as Semen Maydis powder, red dog flour, tapioca flour etc.) of starch | Account for 20% | Fineness＞120 orders | ||
| Talcum powder, lime powder etc. | Account for 3-5% | Contain SiO 2＞55％, MgO＞30％ | Fineness＞300 orders | |
Above main auxiliary material with multiple beneficial microorganism thorough mixing, is made biological organic granulated fertilizer by above-mentioned technical process drying behind the processing steps such as pulverizing, batching.
Every gram contains nitrogenase activity and reaches 500C in this kind fertilizer
2H
4More than the umol/g, except that containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon four big elements, also contain sulphur, calcium, magnesium, boron, manganese, zinc, copper etc. more than ten in the kind, trace element.
Embodiment 2
By shown in Figure 2: with municipal wastewater mud is the biological organic fertilizer of main raw material.The major ingredient of mud
| Organic % | Full N% | Full K 2O％ | Effective P 2O 5％ | ??Cu (mg/kg) | ??Zm (mg/kg) | ???Ni ?(mg/kg) |
| 31.4 | ????2.9 | ????1.8 | ?627 | ?1000 | ??5219 | ???734 |
Because mud is in drying process, the mud hardening is very difficult pulverizes, and brings difficulty to granulation, therefore will add flyash, to change its character, contains multiple middle trace element in addition in the flyash, also is a kind of middle trace mineral supplement.
The flyash composition sees the following form: %
| SiO 2 | ?Al 2O 3 | ?Fe 2O 3 | ?CaO | ??MgO | ???SO 3 | Na 2O 3And K 2O |
| 40-60 | ?17-35 | ?2-15 | ?1-10 | ?0.5-2 | ???O.1-2 | ????0.5-4 |
To add N, P, K and trace element and microbial inoculum in addition, because mud composition different its ratios in various places are roughly as follows:
％
| Mud | Flyash | ????N | ????P | ????K | Trace element | Microbial inoculum |
| ?50 | ??20 | ????5 | ????5 | ????8 | ????6 | ??6 |
At first to carry out harmless processing, to reach the purpose of eliminating stink and killing the worm's ovum germ to mud.For the moisture content that reduces mud to reduce its volume, need take to compress dewatering process, (above is not the included content of the present invention).
Above-mentioned mud is carried out fermentative processing, mud after the fermentation mixes with flyash dries, after the pulverizing, carry out granulation, because this microbial inoculum is a liquid state, so will add in granulation, corning is finished product after vibrating dryer carries out oven drying at low temperature cooling screening, through electronics packaging scale metering packing, Fig. 1 is seen in its technical process again.
Embodiment 3
With the domestic waste is the biological organic fertilizer of main raw material.
Component of refuse is very complicated, wherein organic substance accounts for 70-80%, all the other are inorganicss such as brick and tile, sandstone, plastics, so will be before composting through pre-treatments such as sorting, clean, removal can not composting materials such as brick and tile, glass, plastics, paper, metal, all the other are sent to the fermentation field and carry out fermentative processing.The rubbish composition is as follows:
| Organic % | Full N % | Full K 2O ????％ | ????P 2O 5?????％ | ????Cu ?(mg/kg) | ????Em ??(mg/kg) | ??Ni (mg/kg) |
| 51.29 | ????2.8 | ????2.7 | ????3.56 | ????41.6 | ????5016 | ??99 |
Also need add other elements in fertilizer except that rubbish, its ratio is roughly as follows:
％
| Rubbish | ????N | ????P | ????K | Trace element | Microbial inoculum |
| 65 | ????7 | ????5 | ????5 | ????10 | ????8 |
Between the big and medium-sized cities, the rubbish composition differs greatly between urban and rural areas, and prescription should determine that specifically during the fermentation, various harmful germs all can be killed according to concrete composition and local resources, and general yeast phase is l0-15 days.
Composting process after the fermentation is identical with example 2.
Embodiment 4
With the feces of livestock and poultry is the biological organic fertilizer of main raw material.
The nutrient of feces of livestock and poultry is higher, and its nutrient content sees the following form:
％
| Organism | ????N | ????P 2O 5 | ????K 2O |
| ????15-28 | ?0.3-1.6 | ????0.3-1.5 | ?0.15-0.95 |
Because other total nutrient does not reach requirement, therefore to add monomer chemical fertilizer and other various middle trace elements and microbial inoculums such as N, P, K, different and different to the requirement of crop and soil because of various feces of livestock and poultry composition different qualities, its prescription also is not quite similar, and its formula rate is roughly as follows:
％
| Feces of livestock and poultry | ????N | ????P | ????K | Middle trace element | Microbial inoculum |
| ????50 | ????8 | ????6 | ????7 | ????14 | ????15 |
Various feces of livestock and poultry at first will carry out fermentative processing, dry after the fermentation, fermentation and oven dry also are processes of killing worm's ovum and germ, oven dry back water content is pulverized about 10% then, pulverizes its granularity of back more than 80 orders, the peace prescription requires each element is added in feed proportioning system, this microbial inoculum can add when the batching for solid shape, and batching be after the mixing machine thorough mixing can carry out granulation, corning after low temperature, drying, cooling, screening be finished product.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of processing method with preparing compound biologic organic fertilizer from solid waste, it is characterized in that: this method comprises the step of following order:
(1), fermenting raw materials handles: contain organic solid materials and should carry out fermentative processing earlier various, the temperature of fermentation is 65-75 ℃, can add EM bacterium (enzymatic microorganism) in order to shorten fermentation time in material, makes fermentation time foreshorten to 5-7 days,
Fermentation back index:
Organism fully becomes thoroughly decomposed Intestinal bacteria:＜10
-2-10
-1
Water ratio≤35% Salmonellas: do not have
C∶N≤20∶1
(2), oven dry: dry after the fermenting raw materials, oven dry back raw material water ratio should be 10-15%, and granularity is 5-10cm;
(3), pulverize: the raw material after the oven dry will be pulverized, and pulverizing the back granularity is 80 orders;
(4), blending process: because the nutrient content of various raw materials differs, to the elements such as N.P.K. of raw material be replenished, make its total nutrient and organism reach standard-required, sometimes trace element in also will in raw material, adding in addition according to Different Crop and different soils conditional request, plant-growth mediator agent, weedicide etc., more than various raw materials to require to finish according to prescription by the electronic proportioning system under the computer control;
(5), mix: to mix through mixing machine after the batching, mix and want fully will promptly mix both usefulness after the mixing, placed after should not mixing of a specified duration, in order to avoid make moist.
(6), granulation: granulating working procedure is the critical process of biological organic complex fertilizer, in the material input granulation dish that mixes, under the effect of water or tackiness agent, finishes granulation process, requires granularity to reach Φ 2-4.75mm, quantity (shaping rate) 〉=80%;
(7), biological bacteria spreads cultivation: with vinelandii, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacterium, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria multiple beneficial microbiobacterial agent are inoculated on the organic carrier, after spreading cultivation and mixing of materials, make bacteria containing amount in the material reach the requirement of beneficial bacteria bacterium number 〉=0.2 hundred million/g.;
(8), oven drying at low temperature cooling: because the adding of granulation water and microbial inoculum, the water content of fertilizer is increased, need oven dry once more, oven dry this time will guarantee the survival of bacterial classification, can only carry out oven drying at low temperature, bake out temperature is below 80 ℃, and oven dry back particulate water content is controlled at≤below 13%, particle resistance to compression degree 〉=6N;
(9), screening is handled: the material after the oven dry need pass through the sieve apparatus sorting, and thin material returns again and mixes, and bulky material is granulation again more after crushed, and qualified material is through electronics packaging scale packing warehouse-in;
2, a kind of processing method according to claim 1 with preparing compound biologic organic fertilizer from solid waste, it is characterized in that: the index request to each raw material in the fermenting raw materials treatment step is as follows:
Organic content 20-80％
Carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-35∶1
Carbon-phosphorus ratio is 75-150∶1
Water content is 50-60％
3, a kind of processing method according to claim 1 with preparing compound biologic organic fertilizer from solid waste, it is characterized in that: in the fermenting raw materials treatment step,, can make other organic matter fermentation additives because mineral raw materials such as flyash, brown coal, coal gangue contain trace elements such as Si.Ca because of it.
4, a kind of processing method with preparing compound biologic organic fertilizer from solid waste according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fermenting raw materials is handled and is meant that sun power concentrates fermentation, and the purpose of fermentation is to become thoroughly decomposed, sterilization, deodorizing and dehydration.
5, a kind of processing method according to claim 1 with preparing compound biologic organic fertilizer from solid waste, it is characterized in that: its solid state bacterial of described bacteria agent can add in mixing step, and liquid microbial inoculum can also can add in granulation step in mixing step.
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