CN102473653A - 半导体装置的制造方法以及半导体装置 - Google Patents

半导体装置的制造方法以及半导体装置 Download PDF

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CN102473653A
CN102473653A CN2010800272133A CN201080027213A CN102473653A CN 102473653 A CN102473653 A CN 102473653A CN 2010800272133 A CN2010800272133 A CN 2010800272133A CN 201080027213 A CN201080027213 A CN 201080027213A CN 102473653 A CN102473653 A CN 102473653A
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electrode slice
element portion
semiconductor element
semiconductor device
electrode sheet
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CN2010800272133A
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CN102473653B (zh
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大野裕孝
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Denso Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供一种能够减轻制造作业的复杂性、并且在抑制制造成本的同时提高半导体装置的可靠性的半导体装置的制造方法以及半导体装置。因此,半导体装置的制造方法具有:将第一电极片的第一表面和半导体元件部的第一表面接合的第一接合工序;以及将所述半导体元件部的第二表面和第二电极片的第一表面接合的第二接合工序,所述制造方法的特征在于,具有通过用树脂覆盖密封面来形成密封接合体的密封工序,所述密封面是通过所述第一接合工序形成的所述第一电极片与所述半导体元件部的接合体的表面中除所述第一电极片的第二表面和所述半导体元件部的第二表面之外的表面,所述第二接合工序在所述密封工序之后进行。

Description

半导体装置的制造方法以及半导体装置
技术领域
本发明涉及在功率元件的两面设置有与功率元件的电极连接的电极片的半导体装置的制造方法以及半导体装置。
背景技术
以往,在将电极片设置在功率元件(半导体元件)的两面上的半导体装置的制造方法中,在形成将电极片接合在功率元件的两面上的接合体之后,使用环氧树脂等热固化树脂密封了该接合体(树脂密封工序)。
这里,环氧树脂等热固化树脂具有当以高温固化时由于树脂发生架桥反应而体积收缩的固化收缩的特性、和通过从高温状态被冷却而体积收缩的热收缩的特性。
在将电极片设置在功率元件的两面上的半导体装置中,设置在功率元件的两面上的两片电极片在功率元件、块电极片等被设置在该电极片之间的状态下分开固定间隔而配置。然后,在所述的树脂密封工序中,用热固化树脂(以下,称为密封树脂)密封了该两片电极片之间。但是,当封入两片电极片之间的密封树脂通过固化收缩或热收缩而收缩时,虽然两片电极片彼此以缩小相互间距离的方式要靠近,但功率元件、块电极等会阻碍它们的靠近。因此,密封树脂与电极片的粘接部分被施加促进剥离的应力,密封树脂与电极片的粘接力不敌该应力,存在密封树脂和电极片发生剥离、从而半导体装置的可靠性下降的可能性。
此外,在半导体装置的使用环境下的冷热循环中,也同样存在密封树脂和电极片发生剥离、从而半导体装置的可靠性下降的可能性。
因此,在专利文献1中,公开了向密封树脂与电极片之间提供聚酰氨树脂或聚酰亚胺树脂等涂层树脂来提高密封树脂与电极片的紧密接触性、以提高半导体装置的可靠性的技术。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利文献特开2003-188318号公报
发明内容
但是,专利文献1的技术中使用的聚酰氨树脂或聚酰亚胺树脂等涂层树脂价格昂贵。此外,当提供涂层树脂时,另外需要检查涂层树脂的提供部分中有没有未提供区域、有没有卷入气泡的工序。因此,在专利文献1的技术中,制造成本会增大。
此外,为了以使电极片或功率元件不暴露地向功率元件的两面的电极片的内侧提供涂层树脂,必须浸渍到放有涂层树脂原液的槽中。此时,另外需要在提供涂层树脂之前掩盖或在提供涂层树脂之后洗净不想被涂层树脂电绝缘的部分(例如,连接功率元件与控制端子的控制配线等)。因此,在专利文献1的技术中,制造作业变得复杂。
因此,本发明就是为了解决上述问题而完成的,其目的在于提供一种能够减轻制造作业的复杂性、并且在抑制制造成本的同时提高半导体装置的可靠性的半导体装置的制造方法以及半导体装置。
用于解决问题的手段
为解决上述问题而完成的本发明的一个方面是一种半导体装置的制造方法,具有:将第一电极片的第一表面和半导体元件部的第一表面接合的第一接合工序;以及将所述半导体元件部的第二表面和第二电极片的第一表面接合的第二接合工序,所述制造方法的特征在于,具有通过用树脂覆盖密封面来形成密封接合体的密封工序,所述密封面是通过所述第一接合工序形成的所述第一电极片与所述半导体元件部的接合体的表面中除所述第一电极片的第二表面和所述半导体元件部的第二表面之外的表面,所述第二接合工序在所述密封工序之后进行。
根据该方面,在密封工序中第二电极片没有被接合在接合体上,因此即使树脂收缩,在树脂那产生的应力也被释放,第一电极片或半导体元件部与树脂不发生剥离,半导体装置的可靠性上升。
此外,由于也可以不提供聚酰氨树脂或聚酰亚胺树脂等涂层树脂,因此抑制了制造成本,并且减轻了制造作业的复杂性。
半导体元件部的实施方面包括半导体元件与块电极片的接合体。
作为本发明的一个方面,优选在所述密封工序中,在用所述树脂覆盖所述接合体的所述密封面和所述半导体元件部的第二表面之后,通过去除覆盖所述半导体元件部的第二表面的部分的所述树脂来形成所述密封接合体。
根据该方面,例如,当将接合体插入成形模具内并用树脂覆盖时,能够在半导体元件部的第二表面与成形模具之间设置间隙,因此能够防止由于构成接合体各部件的尺寸参差不齐而半导体元件部的第二表面与成形模具发生冲突。
作为本发明的一个方面,优选在所述第二接合工序中,将所述密封接合体加热至小于等于所述树脂的耐热温度且小于等于将所述第一电极片的第一表面和所述半导体元件部的第一表面接合的第一接合材料的熔点的温度。
根据该方面,能够在树脂不变质、并且第一电极片或半导体元件部与树脂不发生剥离,而且第一接合材料不会熔融和/或变质的情况下接合半导体元件部的第二表面与第二电极片的第一表面。
作为本发明的一个方面,优选在所述第二接合工序中,事先在所述第二电极片上设置贯穿第一表面和第二表面的通孔,从所述通孔供应将所述半导体元件部的第二表面和所述第二电极片的第一表面接合的第二接合材料。
根据该方面,能够从通孔容易地向半导体元件部的第二表面与第二电极片的第一表面之间供应第二接合材料。
此外,多余的第二接合材料从通孔溢出,因此能够放宽第二接合材料的供应量的控制精度。
作为本发明的一个方面,优选在所述第二接合工序中,先将所述第二电极片加热至大于等于将所述半导体元件部的第二表面和所述第二电极片的第一表面接合的第二接合材料的熔点,向所述第二电极片的第一表面提供所述第二接合材料。
根据该方面,通过向第二电极片的第一表面提供第二接合材料,能够容易地在熔融第二接合材料的状态下将第二接合材料紧贴到半导体元件部的第二表面来接合半导体元件部的第二表面与第二电极片的第一表面。
作为本发明的一个方面,优选所述密封工序中,在所述密封接合体上形成凹部,以使所述半导体元件部的第二表面比所述树脂的表面在所述第一电极片和所述半导体元件部的排列方向上更凹陷,在所述第二接合工序中,在所述凹部中形成将所述半导体元件部的第二表面和所述第二电极片的第一表面接合的接合层。
根据该方面,能够在不在密封接合体与上部电极片之间设置隙間的情况下接合半导体元件部的第二表面与第二电极片的第一表面,因此即使上部电极片收到外力,也可以维持将半导体元件部的第二表面与第二电极片的第一表面接合的接合层。
为解决上述问题而完成的本发明的一个方面是一种半导体装置的制造方法,具有将第一电极片的第一表面和半导体元件部的第一表面接合的第一接合工序,所述制造方法的特征在于,具有:通过用树脂覆盖密封面来形成密封接合体的密封工序,所述密封面是通过所述第一接合工序形成的所述第一电极片与所述半导体元件部的接合体的表面中除所述第一电极片的第二表面和所述半导体元件部的第二表面之外的表面;以及将设置在第二电极片的第一表面上的凸部压接到所述密封接合体中的所述半导体元件部的第二表面的压接工序。
根据该方面,在密封工序中第二电极片没有被压接在接合体上,因此即使树脂收缩,在树脂那产生的应力也被释放,第一电极片或半导体元件部与树脂不发生剥离,半导体装置的可靠性上升。
此外,由于也可以不提供聚酰氨树脂或聚酰亚胺树脂等涂层树脂,因此抑制了制造成本,并且减轻了制造作业的复杂性。
而且,由于能够通过将设置在第二电极片的第一表面上的凸部压接到半导体元件部的第二表面来连接半导体元件部与第二电极片,因此不需要用于接合半导体元件部与第二电极片的接合材料和加热工序,能够抑制制造成本。
作为本发明的一个方面,优选具有向所述半导体元件部与所述第二电极片之间提供散热材料的散热材料提供工序。
根据该方面,由于大电流的流过而在半导体元件部中产生的热量通过散热材料从半导体元件部被散热到第二电极片,因此能够使大电流在半导体元件部与第二电极片之间流动。
为解决上述问题而完成的本发明的一个方面是一种半导体装置,在所述半导体装置中,第一电极片的第一表面和半导体元件部的第一表面接合,所述半导体元件部的第二表面和第二电极片的第一表面接合,所述半导体装置的特征在于,具有密封接合体,所述密封接合体通过用树脂覆盖所述第一电极片和所述半导体元件部的接合体的表面中除所述第一电极片的第二表面和所述半导体元件部的第二表面之外的密封面而形成,所述密封接合体的树脂部分没有与所述第二电极片的第一表面粘接,并且设置于在所述半导体元件部和所述第二电极片的排列方向上比所述第二电极片的第一表面的位置更靠向所述半导体元件部被配置的那侧的位置。
作为本发明的一个方面,优选所述第二电极片包括贯穿第一表面和的第二表面的通孔。
作为本发明的一个方面,优选所述密封接合体包括凹部,所述凹部被形成为以使所述半导体元件部的第二表面比所述树脂的表面在所述第一电极片和所述半导体元件部的排列方向上更凹陷,在所述凹部中形成了将所述半导体元件部的第二表面和所述第二电极片的第一表面接合的接合层。
为解决上述问题而完成的本发明的一个方面是一种半导体装置,在所述半导体装置中,第一电极片的第一表面和半导体元件部的第一表面接合,所述半导体装置的特征在于,具有:第二电极片,所述第二电极片包括形成有与所述半导体元件部的第二表面压接的凸部的第一表面;以及密封接合体,所述密封接合体通过用树脂覆盖所述第一电极片和所述半导体元件部的接合体的表面中除所述第一电极片的第二表面和所述半导体元件部的第二表面之外的密封面而形成;其中,所述密封接合体的树脂部分没有与所述第二电极片的第一表面粘接,并且设置于在所述半导体元件部和所述第二电极片的排列方向上比所述第二电极片的第一表面的位置更靠向所述半导体元件部被配置的那侧的位置。
发明效果
根据本发明涉及的半导体装置的制造方法以及半导体装置,能够减轻制造作业的复杂性,并且在抑制制造成本的同时提高半导体装置的可靠性。
附图说明
图1是半导体装置的上面图;
图2是图1的A-A截面图;
图3是示出实施例1的制造方法的图;
图4是示出实施例1的制造方法的图;
图5是示出实施例1的制造方法的图;
图6是示出实施例1的制造方法的变形例的图;
图7是示出实施例1的制造方法的变形例的图;
图8是示出实施例1的制造方法的变形例的图;
图9是示出实施例1的制造方法的变形例的图;
图10是示出实施例2的制造方法的图;
图11是示出实施例2的制造方法的图
图12是示出实施例2的制造方法的图;
图13是示出实施例2的制造方法的变形例的图;
图14是示出实施例2的制造方法的变形例的图;
图15是示出上部电极片与块电极片的接合部分的图;
图16是示出实施例3的制造方法的图;
图17是示出实施例3的制造方法的图;
图18是示出实施例4的制造方法的图;
图19是示出实施例4的制造方法的图;
图20是示出实施例4的制造方法的图;
图21是实施例4的制造方法中的叠层功率模组的一部分的平面图;
图22是图21的B-B截面图;
图23是示出通过实施例4的制造方法制造的半导体装置的图。
具体实施方式
以下,参考附图对将本发明具体化的方式进行详细说明。
首先,对半导体装置的构成概要进行说明。图1示出了半导体装置的上面图,图2示出了图1的A-A截面图。如图1和图2所示,半导体装置1主要具有:元件下侧电极片10、功率元件12、上部电极片14、块电极片16、控制端子18、密封树脂20、控制配线22等。
元件下侧电极片10形成为大致矩形平板形状,并设置有汇流条24。
功率元件12是构成半导体元件部的一个例子,并且是开关大功率的半导体开关元件,在本实施例中,作为功率元件12,具有IGBT26(晶体管)和二极管28。在图2中,代表该功率元件12而仅示出了IGBT26。Z功率元件12的两面设置有没有图示的电极,元件下侧电极片10的内表面30(本发明中的第一电极片的第一表面的一个例子)通过焊料层32而接合在功率元件12的表面33(本发明中的半导体元件部的第一表面的一个例子)的电极上。
上部电极片14被形成为大致矩形平板形状,并设置有汇流条38。该上部电极片14的内表面40(本发明中的第二电极片的第一表面的一个例子)通过焊料层42而接合在块电极片16的表面44(本发明中的半导体元件部的第二表面的一个例子)上。此外,如后所述,也可以将上部电极片14压接到块电极片16的表面44。由此,上部电极片14与块电极片16电连接并且热连接。此外,如后所述,也可以在上部电极片14上设置通孔62(参考图12)。
块电极片16是与功率元件12一起构成半导体元件部的一个例子,被形成为矩形块形状,其表面34通过焊料层36而接合在功率元件12的表面37的电极上。在本实施例中,块电极片16的表面34的面积小于IGBT26或二极管28的面积,例如IGBT26与块电极片16的接合面积具有与IGBT26的电极大致相同的大小。
在IGBT26的端部设置有多个控制电极(没有图示),控制配线22的一端与所述各个控制电极连接。控制配线22的另一端与控制端子18连接。控制配线22例如使用键合铝线。
元件下侧电极片10、上部电极片14、块电极片16、控制端子18是铜片,并且也可以镀镍。或者也可以是镀镍的铝片。
密封树脂20是由液体状的热固化树脂固化而成的,其通过除了元件下侧电极片10的外表面46(本发明中的第一电极片的第二表面的一个例子)和块电极片16的表面44的部分之外覆盖元件下侧电极片10、焊料层32、功率元件12、焊料层36以及块电极片16的表面(本发明中的密封面的一个例子),来密封了元件下侧电极片10与上部电极片14之间的空间以及元件下侧电极片10周围的空间。密封树脂20例如使用环氧树脂。
以上是对半导体装置的构成概要的说明,下面对半导体装置的制造方法进行说明。
实施例1
图3~图5是示出实施例1的制造方法的图。在图3~图5中,示出了功率元件12中IGBT26的部分的截面,但对于二极管28的部分的截面,假定也能够与以下的内容同样地进行说明。
首先,如图3所示,将元件下侧电极片10的内表面30和功率元件12的表面33焊接接合(本发明中的第一接合工序的一个例子),并且将功率元件12的表面37和块电极片16的表面34焊接接合。由此,按元件下侧电极片10、焊料层32、功率元件12、焊料层36、块电极片16的顺序层叠。此外,将设置在IGBT26的端部的控制电极(没有图示)和控制端子18通过控制配线22来连接。由此,形成如图3所示的接合体50。
接着,如图4所示,使用密封树脂20通过传递成形或灌封等来覆盖接合体50周围,由此用密封树脂20密封接合体50周围的空间。此时,使得元件下侧电极片10的外表面46不被密封树脂20覆盖。
尤其在传递成形的情况下,当向成形模具内注入液状树脂时,将元件下侧电极片10的外表面46紧贴到成形模具上,使得液状树脂流到元件下侧电极片10的外表面46上。由此,元件下侧电极片10的外表面46不被密封树脂20覆盖。此外,在块电极片16的表面44与成形模具之间设置充分的间隙并使得液状树脂流入,从而使得块电极片16的表面44被密封树脂20覆盖。由此,能够防止由于构成接合体50的各部件的高度参差不齐而接合体50与成形模具发生冲突。
这里,当高温的液状树脂固化变成密封树脂20时,由于固化收缩或热收缩而密封树脂20收缩,但在接合体50上尚未接合上部电极片14,密封树脂20的表面52处于释放状态。因此,密封树脂20收缩时产生的应力被释放,元件下侧电极片10与密封树脂20的粘接部分不被施加促进剥离的应力。从而,在元件下侧电极片10与密封树脂20的粘接部分不会发生剥离。在功率元件12与密封树脂20的粘接部分、以及在块电极片16与密封树脂20的粘接部分也同样不会发生剥离。
接着,如图5所示,将存在于块电极片16的表面44侧的密封树脂20磨削去除到块电极片16的表面44露出的高度为止。如以上的图4和图5所示,形成密封接合体54(本发明中的密封工序的一个例子)。
接着,将上部电极片14接合到密封接合体54中的块电极片16的表面44上(本发明中的第二接合工序的一个例子)。由此制成如上述图2所示的半导体装置1。在图2所示的例子中,作为上部电极片14与块电极片16之间的接合方法,进行焊接接合,形成了焊料层42。
当向块电极片16的表面44接合上部电极片14时,将上部电极片14和块电极片16电接合并热接合。并且,接合时要注意避免密封树脂20变质。并且要注意避免块电极片16与密封树脂20的粘接部分、功率元件12与密封树脂20的粘接部分、以及元件下侧电极片10与密封树脂20的粘接部分发生剥离。并且要注意避免焊料层32或焊料层36熔化和/或变质。
在本实施例中,可考虑在焊料层42中使用低熔点焊料,该低熔点焊料具有比焊料层32或焊料层36中使用的焊料的熔点低并且小于等于密封树脂20的耐热温度的熔点。由此,当接合时,不会发生密封树脂20变质,或者构成密封接合体54的各部件与密封树脂20的粘接部分剥离,或者焊料层32或焊料层36熔化和/或变质。
此外,作为上部电极片14与块电极片16的接合方法,也可以考虑通过超声波接合的接合方法、使用导电性粘接剂进行粘接的接合方法、通过Ag纳米颗粒接合法或氧化银微粒接合法的接合方法、基于螺钉紧固或铆钉接合的接合方法等。
如此,在本实施例中,在通过用密封树脂20密封处于尚未在块电极片16上接合上部电极片14的状态的接合体50周围的空间来形成密封接合体54后,向块电极片16接合上部电极片14。因此,能够防止由于密封树脂20收缩而导致的元件下侧电极片10与密封树脂20的粘接部分处的剥离。同样也能够防止功率元件12与密封树脂20的粘接部分处的剥离、以及块电极片16与密封树脂20的粘接部分处的剥离。
此外,在本实施例中,由于在尚未向块电极片16接合上部电极片14的状态下形成密封接合体54,因此在上部电极片14的内表面40上没有粘接密封树脂20。因此,在半导体装置1的制造过程或半导体装置1的使用环境下的冷热循环中,即使密封树脂20收缩,也不会在元件下侧电极片10与上部电极片14之间的密封树脂20中内含应力。从而,能够在元件下侧电极片10、功率元件12、或块电极片16等中防止与密封树脂20发生剥离。
因此,即使不提供聚酰氨树脂或聚酰亚胺树脂等涂层树脂,也能够确保元件下侧电极片10、功率元件12或块电极片16等中与密封树脂20的紧密接触性,能够减轻制造作业的复杂性,抑制制造成本,同时能够提高半导体装置1的可靠性。
此外,在本实施例中,密封树脂20被设置于在块电极片16和上部电极片14的排列方向上比上部电极片14的内表面40的位置更靠向块电极片16被配置的那侧的位置,而在比上部电极片14的内表面40的位置更靠外表面48(本发明中的第二电极片的第二表面的一个例子)侧的位置上没有设置密封树脂20。因此,能够减少密封树脂20的使用量,能够降低密封树脂成本并减轻半导体装置1的重量。
在冷暖差异大的使用环境下使用半导体装置1的情况下,或者在增大半导体装置1的规模的情况下,热应力变大,存在在块电极片16等各部件与密封树脂20之间的粘接部分发生剥离的可能性。在此情况下,可以考虑向易发生剥离的位置提供聚酰氨树脂56。
具体地,在如上述图3所示形成接合体50之后,如图6所示,通过分配器58向块电极片16的周围(块电极片16和功率元件12)提供聚酰氨树脂56。接着,如图7所示,在用密封树脂20密封被提供有聚酰氨树脂56的接合体59周围的空间之后,如图8所示,磨削密封树脂20和聚酰氨树脂56来形成露出块电极片16的表面44的密封接合体61,如图9所示,将上部电极片14和块电极片16接合。
由此,制成半导体装置2。
块电极片16周围的密封树脂20中易少许残留由固化收缩产生的应力,根据半导体装置1的使用条件,存在在块电极片16与密封树脂20的粘接部分发生剥离的可能性。因此,如图6~图9所示,通过向块电极片16的周边提供聚酰氨树脂56,能够切实地抑制在块电极片16与密封树脂20的粘接部分发生剥离。为了提高元件下侧电极片10的上表面30与密封树脂20的紧密接触性,也可以在上表面30的宽区域涂布聚酰胺。
此外,在本实施例中,仅通过使用分配器58对没有接合上部电极片14的状态的接合体50滴下聚酰氨树脂56的原液,就能够容易地向块电极片16提供聚酰氨树脂56。此外,由于能够通过分配器58将聚酰氨树脂56仅涂布到块电极片16的周边部分,因此能够最大限度地减少聚酰氨树脂56的使用量。此外,由于能够通过分配器58滴下聚酰氨树脂56的原液,因此聚酰氨树脂56的原液不会飞溅。此外,由于能够通过分配器58滴下聚酰氨树脂56的原液,因此滴下前的聚酰氨树脂56的原液不会与外气接触而吸湿,滴下前的聚酰氨树脂56的原液不会附着异物而被污染,因此分配器58内地聚酰氨树脂56的原液几乎能够全部使用,能够抑制聚酰氨树脂56的材料成本。而且,由于能从垂直方向直接目视聚酰氨树脂56的涂布面,因此检查聚酰氨树脂56缺陷的作业性也良好。
也可以使用聚酰亚胺树脂来取代聚酰氨树脂56。
〔实施例2〕
图10~图12是示出实施例2的制造方法的图。
实施例2的特点在于:实施例1的制造方法中的上部电极片14与块电极片16的焊接接合的接合方法。具体地,如图10所示,事先通过预加热用加热器60将密封接合体54预加热。此时,以小于等于焊料层32或焊料层36中使用的焊料的熔点、且小于等于密封树脂20的耐热温度的温度预先加热。作为一个例子,在焊料层32或焊料层36中使用的焊料的熔点大于或等于230℃且小于或等于260℃、并且密封树脂20の耐热温度为180℃的情况下,以大于或等于120℃且小于180℃的温度将密封接合体54预先加热。
然后,将上部电极片14安装到密封接合体54上。上部电极片14也优选在被安装到密封接合体54上之前通过没有图示的预加热用加热器等来预加热,在安装到密封接合体54上之后也通过热风等来进行加热。
接着,如图11所示,通过分配器63从贯穿上部电极片14的内表面40和外表面48的通孔62供应熔融的焊料。作为此时使用的焊料,使用与焊料层32或焊料层36中使用的焊料相同的焊料,或者使用具有同等的熔点的焊料。作为一个例子,在焊料层32或焊料层36中使用的焊料的熔点大于或等于230℃且小于或等于260℃的情况下,可考虑使用相同的焊料,或者作为熔点同等的焊料,可考虑使用大于或等于140℃且小于或等于210℃的熔点的焊料。
当将这样的焊料以熔融的状态从通孔62供应时,块电极片16的表面44的温度小于等于从通孔62供应的焊料的熔点,但溶融状态的焊料一边通过余热而慢慢凝结一边通过毛细管力而向上部电极片14与块电极片16之间润湿扩散,形成焊料层42。由于多余的焊料从通孔62溢出,因此分配器63可具有较低的焊料供应量的控制精度。
如果块电极片16的表面44或上部电极片14的表面40上形成有氧化膜,就无法将块电极片16和上部电极片14焊接接合。因此,密封接合体54的预加热以及上述提供焊料时的加热在混合了窒素と水素的还原性气体的气氛中进行,从而事先去除块电极片16的表面44的氧化膜。或者,由于密封树脂54中产生电位差的部分被密封树脂20密封而不露出,并且上部电极片14与块电极16的表面44的焊接接合部附近不存在产生电位差的部分,因此也可以使得从通孔62注入的焊料中预先含有焊剂,或者通过喷射或刷涂来预先向块电极片16的表面44提供焊剂,由此化学地去除块电极片16的表面44的氧化膜。
此外,如果一边在减压下一边脱气一边形成焊料层42,则能够防止在焊料层42内产生空孔。
接着,进行上部电极片14的外表面48的表面处理。具体地,可考虑将从通孔62溢出到上部电极片14的外表面48的多余焊料通过加热到大于等于焊料熔点的烙铁溶融去除、或者用切削机切削去除。由此,如图12所示,制成半导体装置3。
如此,在本实施例中,将密封接合体54预加热至小于等于焊料层32或焊料层36中使用的焊料的熔点、且小于等于密封树脂20的耐热温度的温度,来形成焊料层42。因此,能够在焊料层42中使用与焊料层32或焊料层36中使用的焊料相同的焊料、或者具有同等熔点的焊料。从而,没有必要使用昂贵且可能接合能力低的低熔点焊料,因此能够在抑制制造成本的同时在焊料层42中实现高接合能力。
此外,也可以考虑如图13~图15所示的变形例。首先,如图13所示,使用预加热用加热器60与图10同样地对密封接合体54进行预加热。另一方面,如图14所示,向上部电极片14的内表面40提供焊料,使用加热用加热器64将上部电极片14加热至大于等于焊料熔点来将焊料加热成溶融状态。当向上部电极片14的内表面40提供焊料时,例如可考虑向上部电极片14的内表面40滴下溶融状态的焊料,或者向上部电极片14的内表面40放置片材状的焊料等等。
然后,在通过预加热用加热器60预加热密封接合体54的状态下,一边通过热风等对上部电极片14进行保温以使其温度不下降,一边短时间内翻转上部电极片14,将上部电极片14的内表面40上的溶融状态的焊料重合到块电极片16的表面44来进行接合。由此,制成如上述图2所示的半导体装置1。
在上述的变形例中,也能够在焊料层42中使用与焊料层32或焊料层36中使用的焊料相同的焊料、或者具有同等熔点的焊料,を使用することができ、能够在抑制制造成本的同时在焊料层42中实现高接合能力。
此外,通过溶融状态的焊料一边慢慢凝结一边通过毛细管力而向上部电极片14与块电极片16之间润湿扩散,能够形成焊料层42。
此外,不需要在上部电极片14上设置通孔62,能够进一步抑制制造成本。
实施例3
这里,假定在密封接合体54中块电极片16的表面44与密封树脂20的表面66共面的情况、或者块电极片16的表面44比密封树脂20的表面66突出的情况。于是,在这些情况下,当在块电极片16的表面44与上部电极片14的内表面40之间形成焊料层42时,如图15所示,会在上部电极片14的内表面40与密封树脂20的表面66之间产生隙間68。并且,如果产生这样的隙間68,则在上部电极片14受外力时,会有如图15所示箭头方向的力作用,从而可能会在焊料层42中产生大的应力。
因此,在本实施例中,如图16所示,在密封接合体54中,相对于密封树脂20的表面66降低块电极片16的表面44,使得在功率元件12与块电极片16的排列方向上块电极片16的表面44比表面66更凹进,由此设置了凹进70。然后,在该凹进70内形成焊料层42来接合上部电极片14与块电极片16。
由此,如图17所示,在上部电极片14的内表面40与密封树脂20的表面66之间不产生隙間68。因此,即使上部电极片14受外力,由于受焊料层42的的表面72与密封树脂20的表面66的支承,因此在焊料层42中也不会产生大的应力。
作为密封树脂20,适宜使用具有与元件下侧电极片10和块电极片16基本相等的线膨胀系数的材料。由此,在半导体装置的使用环境下的冷热循环中,由密封树脂20的膨胀收缩引起的热应力的产生得以减轻,能够维持元件下侧电极片10或块电极片16与密封树脂20的紧密接触状态,并且能够维持上部电极片14与块电极片16的接合状态。
此外,如果将焊料层42的厚度大于200μm,则焊料层42中使用的焊料与密封树脂20的线膨胀系数之差、以及提供焊料时凝固收缩的影响就会变大。因此,在半导体装置的使用环境下的冷热循环中,由密封树脂20的膨胀收缩引起的热应力的影响变大,可能无法维持上部电极片14与块电极片16的接合状态。从而,凹进70的厚度适宜为200μm以下。
此外,如果在密封树脂20中设置用于使多余焊料溜走的凹坑(pocket)74,则多余焊料不会从凹进70溢出并进入到上部电极片14的内表面40与密封树脂20的表面66之间。
此外,也可以向上部电极片14与密封树脂20之间提供没有图示的粘接剂,来提高上部电极片14与密封树脂20的紧密接触性。
此外,适宜向密封树脂20中添加玻璃或無機的硬的成分来提高密封树脂20的硬度。由此,如果在同一条件下磨削(例如,铣削等)块电极片16和密封树脂20,则能够选择性地比密封树脂20的切削量更增多块电极片16的切削量,能够容易形成凹进70。
实施例4
图18~图21是示出实施例4的制造方法的图。
在本实施例中,作为与实施例1的不同点,不接合上部电极片14与块电极片16,而是通过将上部电极片14压接到块电极片16来形成半导体装置1。
具体地,如图18所示,首先,在密封接合体54中,通过刷涂、分配器涂布、丝网印刷或金属掩模印刷向块电极片16的表面44、以及块电极片16的表面44周边部分的密封树脂20的表面66提供散热硅脂76(本发明中的散热材料提供工序的一个例子)。
接着,如图19所示,将上部电极片14配置在提供有散热硅脂76的块电极片16的表面44侧。此时,在上部电极片14的内表面40事先设置有凸部78。
接着,如图20所示,将该压接前接合体82插入双面冷却器的各个冷却软管84之间。此时,在向上部电极片14的外表面48与元件下侧电极片10的外表面46提供散热硅脂(没有图示)后配置绝缘基板80,并且在绝缘基板80也事先提供散热硅脂(没有图示)。
接着,如图21和图22所示,将各冷却软管84安装到壳体88中,制造叠层功率模组90。此时,在叠层功率模组90中,通过没有图示的弹簧对各冷却软管84施压。由此,外力施加到压接前接合体82上,上部电极片14的凸部78戳破散热硅脂76压接到块电极片16上(本发明中的压接工序的一个例子)。由此,由压接前接合体82制成如图23所示的半导体装置4。图21是叠层功率模组90的一部分的平面图,图22是图21的B-B截面图。
如此,在本实施例中,通过在上部电极片14上设置凸部78并压接到块电极片16上,能够将上部电极片14と块电极片16电连接并热连接。
此外,不需要用于接合上部电极片14与块电极片16的接合材料和加热工序,能够抑制制造成本。此外,由于大电流流过块电极片16而在该块电极片16中产生的热量通过散热硅脂76从块电极片16被散热到上部电极片14,因此能够使大电流在上部电极片14与块电极片16之间流动。在上部电极片14与块电极片16之间的连接部分所产生的热量小的情况下,也可以考虑不提供散热硅脂76的实施例。
此外,当在上部电极片14上设置凸部78并压接到块电极片16时,也可以在注意不阻碍上部电极片14与块电极片16的导通的情况下向上部电极片14的内表面40与密封树脂20的表面66之间提供粘接剂来临时固定。由此,能够防止在上部电极片14与块电极片16之间相对地发生位置偏离。
如果上部电极片14的凸部78的高度高于50μm,存在于上部电极片14与块电极片16之间的散热硅脂76的热阻就会变大,可能阻碍功率元件12的散热。另一方面,如果上部电极片14的凸部78的高度小于几μm,添加到散热硅脂76中的具有导热性的没有图示的无机填料可能大于凸部78,从而无机填料夹在上部电极片14与块电极片16之间,有可能无法将上部电极片14压接到块电极片16上。因此,上部电极片14的凸部78的高度适宜设为大于或等于几μm且小于或等于50μm。
此外,上部电极片14的凸部78适宜在1mm×1mm~8mm×8mm左右的范围内进行设定,以能够切实地戳破散热硅脂76,并且能够抑制在与块电极片16的触点上由于通电而异常发热。此外,上部电极片14的凸部78的前端适宜为圆锥形。此外,上部电极片14的凸部78对于一个上部电极片14不限于一个,也可以设置两个以使的多个。这样的上部电极片14的凸部78能够通过锻造、磨削、或刻蚀容易成形。此外,该凸部78可以通过铝或金等的引线键合来形成,也可以通过利用超声波接合、导电性树脂、铜焊、压装等贴上高导电率的金属片来形成。
也可以提供导电性浆料来取代散热硅脂76。此外,也可以使用切除了上部电极片14的凸部78的部分的石墨片材。作为石墨片材,尤其优选使碳纤维沿着厚度方向从而改善了厚度方向的导热性的石墨片材。
此外,如果在密封树脂20中设置用于使多余的散热硅脂76溜走的凹坑86(参考图23),则多余的散热硅脂76不会溢出并进入到上部电极片14的内表面40与密封树脂20的表面66之间。由此,能够切实地维持上部电极片14与密封树脂20之间的紧密接触性,能够降低压接前接合体82压接后的厚度偏差。
此外,在本实施例中,与实施例1一样还具有以下的效果。
在通过密封树脂20密封处于尚未在块电极片16上压接上部电极片14的状态的接合体50的周围来形成密封接合体54后,向块电极片16接合上部电极片14。因此,能够防止由于密封树脂20收缩而导致的元件下侧电极片10与密封树脂20的粘接部分处的剥离。同样也能够防止功率元件12与密封树脂20的粘接部分处的剥离、以及块电极片16与密封树脂20的粘接部分处的剥离。
此外,在本实施例中,由于在没有将上部电极片14压接到块电极片16的状态下形成密封接合体54,因此在上部电极片14上没有粘接密封树脂20。因此,在半导体装置4的制造过程或半导体装置4的使用环境下的冷热循环中,即使密封树脂20收缩,也不会在元件下侧电极片10与上部电极片14之间的密封树脂20中内含应力。从而,能够在元件下侧电极片10、功率元件12、块电极片16等中防止与密封树脂20发生剥离。
因此,即使不提供聚酰氨树脂或聚酰亚胺树脂等涂层树脂,也能够确保元件下侧电极片10、功率元件12、块电极片16等中与密封树脂20的紧密接触性,能够减轻制造作业的复杂性,抑制制造成本,同时能够提高半导体装置4的可靠性。
此外,密封树脂20被设置于在块电极片16与上部电极片14的排列方向上比上部电极片14的内表面40的位置更靠向块电极片16被配置的那侧的位置,而在比上部电极片14的内表面40的位置更靠外表面48侧的位置上没有设置密封树脂20。因此能够减少密封树脂20的使用量,能够减轻半导体装置4的重量。
上述的实施方式仅仅是示例,并不对本发明进行任何限定,显然可在不脱离本发明要旨的范围内进行各种改进、变形。
符号说明:
1  半导体装置
10  元件下侧电极片
12  功率元件
14  上部电极片
16  块电极片
18  控制端子
20  密封树脂
22  控制配线
26  IGBT
28  二极管
30  内表面
32  焊料层
33  表面
34  表面
36  焊料层
37  表面
38  汇流条
40  内表面
42  焊料层
44  表面
46  外表面
48  外表面
50  接合体
52  表面
54  密封接合体
56  聚酰氨树脂
58  分配器
59  接合体
60  预加热用加热器
61  密封接合体
62  通孔
64  加热用加热器
66  表面
70  凹进
72  表面
76  散热硅脂
78  凸部
82  压接前接合体
84  冷却软管

Claims (12)

1.一种半导体装置的制造方法,具有:将第一电极片的第一表面和半导体元件部的第一表面接合的第一接合工序;以及将所述半导体元件部的第二表面和第二电极片的第一表面接合的第二接合工序,所述半导体装置的制造方法的特征在于,
具有通过用树脂覆盖密封面来形成密封接合体的密封工序,所述密封面是通过所述第一接合工序形成的所述第一电极片与所述半导体元件部的接合体的表面中除所述第一电极片的第二表面和所述半导体元件部的第二表面之外的表面,
所述第二接合工序在所述密封工序之后进行。
2.如权利要求1所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于,
在所述密封工序中,在用所述树脂覆盖所述接合体的所述密封面和所述半导体元件部的第二表面之后,通过去除覆盖所述半导体元件部的第二表面的部分的所述树脂来形成所述密封接合体。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于,
在所述第二接合工序中,将所述密封接合体加热至小于等于所述树脂的耐热温度且小于等于将所述第一电极片的第一表面和所述半导体元件部的第一表面接合的第一接合材料的熔点的温度。
4.如权利要求3所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于,
在所述第二接合工序中,事先在所述第二电极片上设置贯穿第一表面和第二表面的通孔,从所述通孔供应将所述半导体元件部的第二表面和所述第二电极片的第一表面接合的第二接合材料。
5.如权利要求3所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于,
在所述第二接合工序中,事先将所述第二电极片加热至大于等于将所述半导体元件部的第二表面和所述第二电极片的第一表面接合的第二接合材料的熔点,向所述第二电极片的第一表面提供所述第二接合材料。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于,
在所述密封工序中,在所述密封接合体上形成凹部,以使所述半导体元件部的第二表面比所述树脂的表面在所述第一电极片和所述半导体元件部的排列方向上更凹陷,
在所述第二接合工序中,在所述凹部中形成将所述半导体元件部的第二表面和所述第二电极片的第一表面接合的接合层。
7.一种半导体装置的制造方法,具有将第一电极片的第一表面和半导体元件部的第一表面接合的第一接合工序,所述半导体装置的制造方法的特征在于,具有:
通过用树脂覆盖密封面来形成密封接合体的密封工序,所述密封面是通过所述第一接合工序形成的所述第一电极片与所述半导体元件部的接合体的表面中除所述第一电极片的第二表面和所述半导体元件部的第二表面之外的表面;以及
将设置在第二电极片的第一表面上的凸部压接到所述密封接合体中的所述半导体元件部的第二表面的压接工序。
8.如权利要求7所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于,
具有向所述半导体元件部和所述第二电极片之间提供散热材料的散热材料提供工序。
9.一种半导体装置,在所述半导体装置中,第一电极片的第一表面和半导体元件部的第一表面接合,所述半导体元件部的第二表面和第二电极片的第一表面接合,所述半导体装置的特征在于,
具有密封接合体,所述密封接合体通过用树脂覆盖所述第一电极片和所述半导体元件部的接合体的表面中除所述第一电极片的第二表面和所述半导体元件部的第二表面之外的密封面而形成,
所述密封接合体的树脂部分没有与所述第二电极片的第一表面粘接,并且设置于在所述半导体元件部和所述第二电极片的排列方向上比所述第二电极片的第一表面的位置更靠向所述半导体元件部被配置的那侧的位置。
10.如权利要求9所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述第二电极片包括贯穿第一表面和的第二表面的通孔。
11.如权利要求9或10所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述密封接合体包括凹部,所述凹部被形成为以使所述半导体元件部的第二表面比所述树脂的表面在所述第一电极片和所述半导体元件部的排列方向上更凹陷,
在所述凹部中形成了将所述半导体元件部的第二表面和所述第二电极片的第一表面接合的接合层。
12.一种半导体装置,在所述半导体装置中,第一电极片的第一表面和半导体元件部的第一表面接合,所述半导体装置的特征在于,具有:
第二电极片,所述第二电极片包括形成有与所述半导体元件部的第二表面压接的凸部的第一表面;以及
密封接合体,所述密封接合体通过用树脂覆盖所述第一电极片和所述半导体元件部的接合体的表面中除所述第一电极片的第二表面和所述半导体元件部的第二表面之外的密封面而形成;
其中,所述密封接合体的树脂部分没有与所述第二电极片的第一表面粘接,并且设置于在所述半导体元件部和所述第二电极片的排列方向上比所述第二电极片的第一表面的位置更靠向所述半导体元件部被配置的那侧的位置。
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