CN1021015C - 具有一改进的系紧装置的一次使用尿布 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
- A44B18/00—Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/56—Supporting or fastening means
- A61F13/62—Mechanical fastening means, ; Fabric strip fastener elements, e.g. hook and loop
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T24/27—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc. including readily dissociable fastener having numerous, protruding, unitary filaments randomly interlocking with, and simultaneously moving towards, mating structure [e.g., hook-loop type fastener]
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Abstract
一个一次使用的尿布有一包在可渗液的顶层和不可渗液的底层中间的吸附芯,用弹性条制成的腿的开口和把尿布固定在使用者身上的系紧装置,系紧装置包括具有若干纤维组元的第一系紧件和具有若干啮合组元的第二系紧件,这些啮合组元机械地与第一系紧件的纤维组元相啮合,啮合组元的安置和制作都是为了提供一个在使用中能抵住所遇到的剥离力和剪切力,并对使用者感到舒适和不会刺激皮肤。
Description
本发明与具有一改进系紧装置的一次使用尿布有关,更具体地说,这种一次使用尿布的机械式系紧装置既能防止在使用过程中遇到的剥离的力的和剪切力又可不刺激皮肤。
大家都知道一次使用尿布是为婴儿和大小便失禁病人使用的物品,一次使用尿布系在人体下身,用来吸收和容纳屎尿等排泄物,故而不会使这部分躯体污脏不堪和浸湿,不然的话,就会弄脏与尿布相接触的那部分物品(诸如衣服、被褥等)。
一般,一次使用尿布都有相同的基本结构,它有一个液体可渗透并与使用者接触的顶层,一个液体不渗透的底层,吸附芯包在二者之间,当然在先有技术中,除了最基本的顶层底层以及吸附芯的配置外,还有其它许多基本组元的变动,例如,通过沿着接触使用者大腿或腰位的尿布部分,添加一些弹性装置,一次性使用尿布的性能就会改进,从而当戴上尿布时就会提供用弹性条制成的腿或腰位的开口。
当使用弹性条制的腿的开口这种一次使用尿布时,使用者把尿布通过一系紧装置系在他的腰部,从而有效进行侧面的闭合,所以尿布戴在使用者身上时一般都要尿布的前后腰位部分彼此重叠。一次使用尿布备有一具有第一系紧件和第二系紧件的系紧装置,这第一系紧件和第二系紧件彼此啮合就会使前后腰位部分形成侧面闭合,因为根据屎尿漏出最少来说,使用者合适持续地戴围在腰位和腿的尿布的性能是至关重要的,系紧装置一定要提供前后腰位部分保持重叠外形的侧
面闭合,所以第一系紧件和第二系紧件必须设计得彼此牢牢贴合,这样当使用时,系紧装置在遇到剥离力和剪切力时也不会发生分离。
在提供一次使用尿布的系紧装置时,它的另一重要设计标准是该系紧装置要使使用者感到舒适,在使用时,系紧装置可能直接与使用者皮肤接触,例如其中一系紧件安在尿布外侧,这就可能在使用时不会完全盖住而与使用者皮肤接触,再则既然腰位一般都是弯曲活动部分,在代上尿布后,围住腰位的部分系紧装置就会与使用者皮肤直接接触,这样如果系紧装置对皮肤没有刺激(也即系紧件没有锐边、粗糙不平,锯齿状棱边、尖角之类东西)那么,系紧件就不应擦伤或刺激使用者的皮肤。
为了把一次使用尿布牢牢系在腰部,就提出了许多设想和构思,例如1974年11月19日颁布的申请人为K.B Buell的美国专利38 48 594公开了一种粘胶带系紧装置,该装置使用了称为Y形的改进之连结而可有效进行侧面闭合,然而这种粘胶带系紧件有许多缺点,其中之一是一旦系紧带的粘胶与油腻和粉相接触,粘胶带就很容易被油污或粉所沾染,结果,粘胶就没有足够的附着力对尿布侧面进行有效的闭合,另外,如果尿布已被弄脏或要再次调整时,在松开带子检查过程中,粘胶带由于粘附会撕裂尿布的底层,并留下一个窟窿,从而使系紧带不能重新系紧,这样尿布也就不再使用。
因此希望提供一种系紧装置,它不易被油污或粉多所沾染,会更方便再次重新系紧,不会由于系不紧,而使尿布或系紧装置不能使用。
既然对多次使用尿布粘胶系带在使用中是不实用的,为了提供一种安置在尿布体上带有钩子和钩环的机械式系带也已提出了许多构思,例如1967年12月26日颁布的申请人为R Red fen的美国专利3618608以及1871年11月9日颁布的申请人为M.E.Brink的美国专利3618608、所有上述专利都公开了带有钩和钩环系带的多次使用尿布。
而钩一环形系带一般提供了一种比粘胶系带更方便能再次系紧且不容易被油腻或粉所沾染的系紧装置,一般说来,钩一环系紧带使人并不感到舒服,还会擦伤皮肤,由细丝环加工而成钩子的钩一环系紧带尤其是这样,锯齿状棱边是钩子和加工中形成的不起作用的尖角所引起的,所以希望提供一种既能抵住在使用过程中遇到的剥离力和剪切力,又能使尿布使用者感到舒适的机械式系紧装置,因为它对皮肤没有刺激这就大大减小了不舒服感和疼痛感。
因此,本发明目的是要提供一种带有改进的系紧装置的一次使用尿布。
本发明再一个目的是提供一种带有系紧装置的一次使用尿布,使用尿布时,该系紧装置使尿布在腰位和用弹性带制成的腿开口处合身。
本发明一个附加目的是提供一种带有系紧装置的一次使用尿布,该系紧装置不易被油腻和粉所沾染,而且可再次系紧。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种带有系紧装置的一次使用尿布使使用者感到舒适且易于掌握。
本发明再有一个目的是提供一种带有系紧装置的一次使用尿布,该装置不刺激皮肤而且能抵住使用中所遇到的剥离力和剪切力。
上述发明目的对照下面的说明书并与附图联系起来考虑就会愈加明显。
根据本发明,具有用弹性带制成的腿的开口这种一次使用尿布,其制作如下:一吸附芯包在可渗液体的顶层和不可渗液体的底层之间,当用弹性条制成的一次使用尿布围在使用者腰位时,尿布的腰位做成重叠。本发明的一次使用尿布提供一种把腰位部分的重叠部分彼此贴合且在使用中使它们保持接触的系紧装置,该系紧装置要防止重叠的腰位部分相互分离,因此它需抵住尿布使用时所遇到的剥离力和剪切力。
为了提供必要的抗剥离力以及啮合最大数量第一系紧件的纤维组元,系紧装置有纤维突出比至少为约2∶1和高度比至少为约5∶1。
图1为采用本发明改进的系紧装置并用弹性带制成的一次使用尿布的部分剖切透视图。
图2为一部分剖切透视图表明图1的尿布穿在使用者身上时的外形。
图3为一放大的局部剖视图表明本发明的第一和第二系紧件。
图4为本发明的啮合组合放大剖视图
图5为先有技术中钩一环式系紧件用作系紧装装置放大约35倍的透视图照片。
图6为本发明的第二系紧件放大约35倍的透视图照片。
参示附图,图上所示为本发明的最佳实施例,用于为婴儿的一次使用尿布,这里所用的专门语“一次使用尿布”一般指的是婴儿和大便失禁的人所穿代的类似裤衩之类,它从二腿之间拉上并在腰部系紧,在一次使用后该尿布就丢弃。(也就是说不想再洗或重新使用)。
图1表明还未折叠和使用前,本发明一次使用尿布的部分剖切透视图,如图1所示,尿布10包含有一可渗透液体的顶层12,吸附芯14,不可渗透液体的底层16和弹性件18,而顶层12吸附芯14底层16和弹性层18可以装配成各种公知的外形,最佳的一次使用尿布外形在1975年1月14日颁布的名称为“可伸缩侧面部分的一次使用尿布”申请人为K.B.Buell的美国专利3860003已有介绍,此外只是结合该专利作为参考。
图1和图2所示为尿布10的一个最佳实施例,该尿布的顶层和底层相互依存,其长度和宽度尺寸一般比吸附芯14的尺寸要大,顶层12和底层16相重合,故而形成了尿布10的边框20,边框20指的是周边,
也就是说是尿布的外边界,周边包括有第一端22,第二端24,第一纵边26和第二纵边28。
众所周知,在尿布制造技术中,顶层12以任意适当方法粘附到底层16上,在最佳实施例中,沿着底层16的整个长度,一般平行于低层16的纵向中心线,最好采用热熔形胶水的纵向粘胶带30,在三层合在一起那些点上,用来把顶层12粘附到底层16上,顶层12底层16以及纵向粘胶带30合在一起点的位置和范围取决于纵向粘胶带30之间的间距,还取决于顶层12和底层16伸出吸附层的距离,纵向粘胶带30的数目和它们之间的间距应该是足够大,为了在边框20和吸附芯14之间的面积内把顶层12牢牢粘附在底层上。
一种适用于纵向粘胶带30的热熔性粘胶是由田纳西州Kingsport的东方人化学公司制造,在市场上以Easto bond A-3的商名流通,应该指出,上述把顶层12粘贴到底层16的方法使顶层12沿着第一端22和第二端24间断地粘附在底层上,从而吸附芯14就包在顶层12和底层16之间,当然还有许多其它把顶层12粘附到底层可供选择的方法,使用后也都取得满意的结果,例如顶层12可间接粘附到底层16而不是像图1所示直接粘附到底层16,这样可以用一个中间粘附件把顶层12粘附到底层16上。
尿布10有第一腰位部分和第二腰位部分,它们分别从尿布边框20的第一端22和第二端24向尿布的横向中心线各延伸1/5尿布长度和1/3尿布长度的距离。腰位部分42和44包含有在尿布戴上时,围绕着使用者腰位的那部分,叉状部分46是第一腰位部分42和第二腰位部分40之间尿布10的那部分,而且还包括在尿布戴上时,位于使用者二腿之间以及盖住使用者下身的那部分。
吸附芯14一般可这采用压缩的、均匀的,不刺激人体皮肤同时还要能吸附、保留住液体以及某些人体渗出液等性能的材料,一个最佳
的吸附芯14具有第一面32和第二面34,它们是背对背,分别包含有一吸附层36和第一棉纸层38和第二棉纸层40,第一和第二棉纸层压在大部分吸附芯16的表面而形成了吸附芯14的第一反面32和第二反面34。吸附层36用来吸收和容纳液体,制成各种尺寸和形状(例如矩形、漏斗形)并且从各种一般用于一次使用尿布的液体吸附材料中选取诸如捣碎的木纸浆,一般指的是航空用毡,其它吸附液体的材料也可用来制造图1和图2中最佳实施例所示的那种吸附材料,重量约从30克到56克,而且一般厚度均匀。然而我们应该明白,为了适应从婴儿成年人的穿代需要,吸附层的尺寸、形状、外形以及总吸附量可以是变化的,而不是一成不变的(例如吸附层36可以有厚度的变化或包含有亲水成分或吸附材料)。
第一和第二棉纸层当它吸湿时是用来改善吸附芯14的拉伸强度和减小吸附层36撕裂成块或起球的倾向,第一和第二棉纸层38、40也可用改善液体的横向吸附,从而可在吸附层36内提供一更均匀液体分布。而各种材料和它的制造技术都可用来制取第一和第二棉纸层38、40。在使用具有基本重量的约16克/米(10磅/3000呎)以及在压差为13毫米汞柱时,具有空气透气度约为30米/分米2(100呎/分呎2)的棉纸片后,已取得了满意的结果。而第一和第二棉纸层38和40最好与吸附层相邻,它们可以有不同的尺寸、形状或者它们完全可以省去。
吸附芯14重叠在底层16上,最好采用尿布制造工艺中的公知方法把吸附芯粘附到底层16上,例如,吸附芯14可用均匀连续的粘胶层;用带图纹的粘胶层或点以及线阵固定到底层16上,在图1和图2说明的最佳实施例中,纵向粘胶带30用来把吸附芯14粘附到底层上。
底层16不渗透液体并且使吸附芯14所吸附和容纳的液体不弄湿裤子、衣服、被褥和其它尿布使用者所接触的物品,最好底层16是用厚度为0.0005时~0.0002时的聚乙烯塑料薄膜(0.012毫米~0.051毫
米),当然也可以用其它不渗水的材料。孟三多化学公司制造的市场上以商名Film NO 8020销售的聚乙烯薄膜是很合适的,底层16最好装饰或加工成不光滑看上去更像布的样子,再则底层16可有一些气孔,允许气体从吸附芯14中逸出,而液体仍旧不能透过底层16。
在最佳实施例中;底层16有一修改的漏壶形或叉形,沿着尿布整个边框20,它伸出吸附层36最小距离至少约为0.5时(1.3厘米),周边的空白部分48是尿布边框20与吸附层36边缘之间的尿布部分,空白部分48分别包括在叉形部分46邻近第一纵边26和第二纵边28的纵向空白部分。
顶层12是贴身且柔软同时不刺激人体皮肤,防止尿布使用者接触到吸附芯14,此外,顶层12是渗液材料制成,允许液体容易地透过顶层12,合适的顶层可以从一系列材料来制造,诸如天然纤维(例如木纤维、棉纤维)、合成纤维(例如聚酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯)或二种纤维的合成,另外,顶层12还可以是一种泡沫,诸如用公知技术制造的钢状泡沫或公知技术制造的成形薄膜泡沫,还有不少制造技术可用来制造顶层12,例如顶层还可采用编织、非编织、精纺或梳理等方法,最佳顶层为采用梳理法,而对非编织工艺的技术中为大家公知的热粘法,理想情况下,顶层有重量18克/米2到25克/米2,在测式机方向最小干的拉伸强度至少约为400克/厘米而在垂直测式机方向,湿的拉伸强度约至少为55克/厘米。
弹性件18沿着二个纵向空白部分粘到尿布10上,这样,弹性件往往把尿布拉住且固定紧贴在使用者的腿部,所以当尿布戴上时就会有弹性的腿部开口,而用若干在尿布制造中公知的工艺方法,就可以达到上述效果。一个采用弹性件非常理想的尿布结构在前面提到的美国专利386003中已详细说明,此外,适于制造一次使用带有弹性腿带尿布的方法和装置还在美国专利408130中有说明,该专利名称为
“Method and Apparatus For Continuously Attaching Discrete,stretched Elastic Strauds To predetermined Isolated Portions of Disposable Abstract Products)申请人为K.Buell颁布于1978年4月28日,这里对该专利仅作为参考。
美国专利3860003的内容与图1图2所示的最佳实施例有关,可以看出,在弹性收缩情况下,弹性件18与叉形部分46的二条纵向空白部分进行有效的相连,结果在正常放松的形状时,在纵向空白部分50,弹性件18可有效地收缩。
此外所用的术语“有效地联结”指的是二个或多个一起作用的部件。在图1图2所示的最佳实施例中,弹性件18有效地与叉形部分46的二个纵向空白部分50相连结,所以弹性件18粘到纵向空白部分50为的是使在叉形部分46的二个纵向空白部分56可收缩。把弹性件18加到一次使用尿布的合适方法在上述的美国4081301已有说明。
在最佳实施例中解释为弹性件18粘到纵向空白部分50的底层16部分,在弹性件18受拉伸时,粘胶可以弯曲并有足够的粘度把弹性件18固定到底层上。有一种使用后已取得满意结果的粘胶是美国威斯康星州Findlay胶水公司生产的粘胶,市场上经销的商名为Findly 581-334-01。虽然弹性件18也可用若干公知的其它方法之一把弹性件18也可用若干公知的其它方法之一把弹性件18粘到尿布10上,例如弹性件18可用超声波粘合,或用多种粘合形式把它热压密封到尿布上或者就简单地把弹性件18用胶水沾到尿布10上。
在弹性收缩情况下,至少有二种方式,弹性件18能有效地连结到纵向空白部分50,例如在伸长情况下,弹性件18粘到不可收缩和不可伸长的纵向空白部分50上。另外,纵向空白部分也可以收缩(例如通过打褶的方法),然后把松开的弹性18粘到已收缩的纵向空白部分。
合适的弹性材料可从多种多样弹性材料来制取,诸如克拉顿(Kra
ton)、乙烯、丙烯双单体聚合物,聚尿烷、弹性泡沫、成形的弹性织物或热缩材料,此外,弹性件18可以采用众多形状,例如弹性件18的宽度可以从0.38毫米到25毫米或更大范围之间变化。弹性件18可以为一股弹性材料,也可以为多股平行或不平行的弹性材料或弹性材料18可以是直线的也可曲线的。
已发明一种工作性能良好的弹性件18的材料,它是一种截面的为0.18毫米×6.4毫米(0.007时×0.25时)由天然橡胶制成的弹性带,该产品以东安普顿橡胶线公司生产的商名为L-1900橡胶复合物在市场上流通。最优弹性许多件18从放松状态到百分之百张紧状态产生一百克张力。
尿布10在戴上时,为了保持第一腰位部分42和第二腰位部分44重叠的形状备有一系紧装置52,这样,尿布配带在使用者身上时就形成一个侧面闭合,因此系紧装置52,在使用时,不仅该抵住剪切力而且还要抗住作用在腰位部分的剥离力。
而系紧装置52采用许多可供选择的外形,适于一次使用尿布的系紧装置可取用多种可供选择的外形,适用于一次使用尿布的系紧装置52,在使用时必须能抵住剪切力和剥离力。这里所用的术语“剪切力”指的分布并作用在系紧装置第一系紧件53和第二系紧件54的接触面上,在代上尿布时遇到的切向力,剪切力往往会引起第一系紧件和第二系紧件的相互位移,剪切力和剥离力是有所不同,至于剥离力则为作用于系紧装置第一系紧件和第二系紧件上的力,为的是使它们彼此分离和脱开。一次使用尿布至少以三种方式采到剥离力的作用,通过使用者在穿戴时的运动所产生的剥离力,它往往会使第一系紧件和第二系紧件彼此脱开,在使用尿布时,使用者有时想要松开系紧装置(对婴儿来说,穿戴这种一次使用尿布却是一个特殊问题,因婴儿无法自己松开和掉尿布),由使用者来检查尿布是否尿脏或使用者自己去掉尿
布,而使用者所产生的剥离力比上述二种方法产生的剥离力大得多,系紧装置52设计成只是对付使用者运动而引起的剥离力的抗力,因此应该明白,抗剥离力应大到足以防止系紧装置在第一的二种方法中引起的脱开。
已经发现系紧装置52必须设计成足以抵住至少200克的剥离力,另外还发现系紧装置52应设计成足以抵住至少500克最好至少750克的剪切力。既然机械式系紧装置的抗剪切力比一次使用尿布使用时所要求并由系紧件的缠结特性引起的高得多,所以对于一次使用尿布所用的系紧装置52主要强度设计标准是系紧装置52的剥离力,而系紧装置52的抗剥离力和抗剪切力按照下文可很容易确定。
如图3所示,对系紧装置52最好是第一系紧件有若干纤维组元,并形成闭环64从背部66上凸出,而第二系紧件54与第一系紧件的纤维组元62相配合,如图所示,第二系紧件最好包括具有第一面70和第二面72的基部68以及若干个从基部68第一面70伸出的啮合组元,每个啮合组元又有一端支撑在基部的茎杆和位于相对基部68茎杆另一端的凸头78,一般说,它有一光滑凸顶面80并能适应来偏斜第一系紧件上的纤维组元,为了有一不刺激人体皮肤的表面,使用者的皮肤应该与第二系紧件54相接触,底面8是从茎杆沿径向向外沿伸到顶面80的周边84的面,底面82是为了适应与纤维组元62相啮合。
第一系紧件53提供了若干纤维组元62,这些纤维组元62与啮合组元74的底面82相啮合以保持第一和第二腰位部分42和44的重叠外形,第一系紧件57可以一系列材料来制造以使纤维组元最好做成图3所示的闭环64,它就能把啮合组元74牢牢啮合住以便提供所要求的剥离力,这些合适的材料包括尼龙、聚酯、聚丙烯以及这些材料的组合,第一系紧件包含有许多从编织的背部凸出的许多纤维环,例如市场上能买到的定名为“Scotchmate”牌号No sj3401尼龙偏织环可以从明尼苏
达州的圣保罗矿产制造公司得到。
最优的第一系紧件53有一具有从经编针织物尼龙的背面凸出的若干尼龙丝环,例如市埸上能买到的名称为“Guilford No 16110”上述材料,并可从北卡罗里纳州的Guilford纺织厂买到。还有一种选择,即第一系紧件53可以是一非编织物或任何其它形式的纤维材料,还可以是公知工艺的带环材料。
第一系紧件可安置在尿布的任意位置,只要它能与第二系紧件啮合以便保持第一腰位部分和第二腰位部分有一重叠地方,例如第一系紧件53可安置在第二腰位部分44的外表面,第一腰位部分内表面,系紧带的系紧面以及能与第二系紧件54啮合的尿布其它任何部位,另外,第一系紧件53即可以整体的也可成分离的组元粘贴到尿布10上,也可连成一体,即一整块材料,它与尿布的组成组元诸如顶层或底层既不分开又不中断,而第一系紧件53可以满足可变的尺寸和形状,它最好有一块或多块的完整材料片横放在第二腰位部分44外表面以允许最大限度调正尿布使用者在腰位的合适不合适。图2中所示的一次使用尿布的最佳实施例有一固定在第二腰位部分44的长条状成矩形的完整的第一系紧件53。
第二系紧件54是要啮合第一系紧件53的纤维组元,为的是既不刺激皮肤又可把尿布的侧面闭合。图3和图4表明本发明第二系紧件54的最佳实施例,第二系紧件包括一具有第一面70的基部68和第二面72以及若干从基部第一面伸出的啮合组元,每个啮合组元74有一从基部68的第一面70凸出的茎杆76和一位于基部对面且茎杆另一端的凸头78。
基部68为的是要替若干啮合组元74提供结实的支撑,而啮合组元可以嵌入粘合织入或熔合在基部上,各种通常用于机械式系紧件支撑材料都可用来制作基部,它最好是一般可挠曲的材料以便为系紧装置52提供较高的抗剥离力,基部68合适的支撑材料包括尼龙、聚丙烯聚
乙烯或这些材料的组合而成的相当材料。基部68还可采用众多的公知制造技术来制造,例如,基部可以编织或注塑模压或挤压技术。本发明第二系紧件54的最佳实施例有一尼龙编织的基部,这里用合适的方法诸如粘胶把第二面72固定到系紧带55的系紧面上。
如图3和图6伸出,若干啮合组元74从基部68的第一面70伸出,还发现随着安置在第一面上啮合组元密度的来增加,系紧装置的抗剥离力也随之增加,而一般都想要较高的密度,但是啮合组元74之间位置不应太靠近,以致很难把纤维组元套入茎杆凸头78的顶面80而到底面82。最佳第二系紧件的密度至少为100啮合组元/吋2,最好能达到180啮合组元/吋2。
参照图4所示,最佳啮合组元74有一茎杆76以及具有顶面80和底82的凸头78。啮合组元74最好相对于基部安置成一个茎杆76和基座68之间角度“A”,此角度约在30°~90°之间,最好在45°~75°之间,已发现当啮合组元74安置在此角度内,系紧
装置52抗剥离力增加当安置在这个角度内,相信啮合组元74往往提供了一更大的抗剥离力,因为更多纤维组元62应被偏斜而套进顶面80并滑到底面82,因为凸头底面82的方向一致所以能靠近更多纤维组元,从而增加了自动啮合纤维组元的数量,而所有啮合组元74可安置在同一平面的一个角度内,最好啮合组元74安置图3和图6所示的随意平面内,以便在各个方向更有效地啮合纤维组元62。
图6所示为第二系紧件54的最住实施例,特别是图6,它表明本发明与普通钩型系紧器相比较,顶面80对人体皮肤刺激小,图5表示作为先有技术的钩型系紧器,能够看出,通过把细丝切成二部分来加工成钩子和不起作用的叉子,这个切割过程使钩子和叉子的二端边缘参差不齐,这些不平的边缘自然使尿布使用者感到难受。这里所用的术语“一般凸起”意思是从基部68的第一面70的主要部分向外凸起的
一拱形面,所以该凸头78就会有不是完全凸出的顶面80,这些凸头顶面会有小的变动,如缺口,槽或凹面(例如螺丝头的形状),它们都在本发明“一般”凸顶面80的范围之内。一个光滑的“一般”凸顶面80还能提供一个表面使它能更容易偏斜纤维组元62,而套住顶面80的周边84并滑到底面82。在本发明的最佳实施例中,顶面80最好如图3、图4、图6所示是一个半球形或蘑菇样表面。
每个凸头78有一从至少有二个半径组成的茎杆76起径向向外伸展的底面;以提供使纤维组元62可啮合的表面,所以底面82要修改成可啮合一个或更多第一系紧件53上的纤维组元62。并同时栓住与第二系紧件相啮合的纤维组元62,直到尿布使用者加上足够的剥离力来分开第一系紧件和第二系紧件,而底面82只需满足沿着具有二个半径组成的茎杆,底面82最好从茎杆76的各半径向外径向延伸,在套住茎杆76的整个周长后,就使啮合组元74从各个方向有效啮合了纤维组元62。现已发现,在底面82围绕整个茎杆设置时,系紧装置52的抗剥离力就增加,因为有更多纤维组元62被各个凸头78所啮合。而底面82可以有任何形状诸如平面或曲面,为了啮合更大数目的纤维组元62,希望有一个凸出的曲面底面以提供更大的表面积。
如图4所示,凸头78也备有一“突出”,用“Z”表示,它解释为从茎杆62向外延伸的底面之径向距离,并发现此“突出”的宽度在系紧装置有一理想的抗剥离力时尤其重要,还发现随着该“突出”的宽度增加,抗剥离力也随之增加,据信该“突出”的宽度与纤维组元62直径相比,该突出的宽度决定了有多少纤维元62或环64可以被各个凸头78所啮合,所以“突出”的宽度与纤维组元直径之比值在决定是否系装置52有足够的抗剥离力方面是特别重要,业已发现出宽度与纤维组元直径之比,即纤维突出率理想情况应该至少2∶1更好是至少3∶1使系紧装置52有所要的抗剥离力,应该懂得上述比值需用第一
系紧件53和第二系紧件54中抽样组元的尺寸之平均值来计算。
“突出”的宽度与茎杆直径之比在决定抗剥离力时也需考虑,“突出”宽度与茎杆直径之比即茎杆突出率应至少约为0.1∶1更理想约为0.4∶1。
啮合组元的有用高度与纤维组元62直径之比在使系紧装置达到所想要的抗剥离力时也是一个重要的标准,如图4所示,啮合组元74的高度解释为从凸头78底面的最底部分到基部68的垂直距离,此距离以字母“H”来表示,据信,随着啮合组元高度与纤维组元62直径之比值增加,系紧装置52的抗剥离力也随之增加,由于更多纤维组元62能够在基部68与底面82之间移动而能啮合底面82,所以现已发现啮合组元74的高度与纤维组元62直径之比值即高度率应至少约为5∶1,更理想情况约为7∶1。
啮合组元74最好是可弯曲和有弹性以使系紧装置52有增大的抗剥离力和增大的皮肤舒适感,合适的啮合组元可从一系列材料来制取,诸如尼龙、聚丙烯、聚酯或任何它们的组合,最佳啮合组元是用聚丙烯制取的,多种制造技术都可用来制取啮合组元,例如啮合组元可以模压或热成形,最佳的啮合组元的制造通过把茎杆76的二端暴露在热源内而热塑成形,凸头18通过熔化茎杆76而形成一半球头78,此种热加工成形的例子在1964年6月30颁布的申请人为Naimer的美国专利中已公开。
本发明的啮合组元74的一个实施例包括一具有茎杆高度约0.47毫米,茎杆直径约0.25毫米的蘑菇状结构。每个啮合组元的总高度“H”约为0.37毫米,在基座68上测得的凸头78平均高度约为0.37毫米,在凸头底面处测得的凸头78的直径约为0.39毫米,这样凸头沿各半径处有一个突出宽度约为0.07毫米,因此,既然第一系紧件53的最佳纤维组元62的直径为0.027毫米,系紧装置52的纤维突出率约为2.6∶
∶1,高度率约为13.7∶1,而茎杆一突出率约为0.28∶1
本发明啮合组元74的另一个例子包含有底面从二个平径处径向向外延伸的底面结构,茎杆76的直径约为0.25毫米,每个啮合组元74的总高度为0.84毫米,在基部68上凸头78的平均高度“H”约为0.5毫米,从底面所测得的凸头直径约为0.63毫米,凸头上沿各半径的突出宽度约为0.19毫米,因此,既然第一系紧件53的最佳纤维组元62的直径为0.027毫米,那么系紧装置52的纤维突出率为7∶1,高度率为18∶1,茎杆突出率约0.73∶1。
第二系紧件54可以有为达到一次使用尿布的侧面闭合所需的各种公知外形,诸如带条或块状,如图12所示,系紧带55最好放在系紧件54上。系紧带55可采用任何公知的外形和结构,最佳第二系紧带55是Y形带,这在1974年11月19日颁布的名称为“一次使用尿布的带子系紧系统”的美国专利3848594中已详细说明,这里把此专利作为参考。另外,最佳系紧带在未决美国专利申请,其名称为“具有宽的带锥度系紧带的一次使用尿布“(申请日为1986年1月21日,申请号821100)以及1986年4月21日申请的名称为“具有改进侧面闭合的一次使用尿布“的美国专利申请(系列号NO842326)都有详细说明,上述二个例子均用来作为参考,如图1所示,系紧带55分别配置在尿布的第一或第二纵向侧边26上。
图2所示的最佳系紧带55有一固定端56和有一系紧面60的使用端58,固定端56则是尿布制造者把系紧带55的一端粘贴到尿布10上,而使用端58是当尿布代上时,使用者把系紧带粘贴到第一系紧件53的那一端。固定端56粘贴到第一腰位部分42,在尿布围到使用者腰位时,使用端58的系紧面粘贴到第一系紧件上,最好放在第二腰位部分44,从而使尿布10围住使用者的腰部,做到有效的侧面闭合。啮合组元74从使用端系紧面延伸出来,这样,啮合组元74就碰到第一系紧件53的
纤维组元62,系紧带55的系紧面60的最优外形在上述的美国专利申请号NO821100(申请人为Buykhard和Bull)已有说明,这种最优外形可最大程度减小系紧装置52与人体皮肤之间的接触。
在使用中,通过把第一腰位部分42放在使用者背部以下,而且把尿布余下部分拉到使用者两腿之间,尿布便戴在使用者身上,这样,第二腰位部分44就横放在使者的前部,然后系紧带55的使用端58就固定在第二腰位部分44外表面的第一系紧件53上,结果,安置在系紧带55的系紧面60上的第二系紧件就与第一系紧件啮合形成侧面闭合。
系紧装置52的抗剪切力是衡量该装置对付由于剪切力诱发出力的能力以及防止第一系紧件与第二系紧件在使用中互相脱开的能力。用任何测量力的方法就可确定系紧装置52抗剪切力的大小,该力要求在17克/厘米2的接触压力下第一系紧件和第二系紧件开始运动的力,在上述的申请人为Toussant和Hasse的美国专利申请中更详细地叙述了这一合适的程序。
系紧装置52的抗剥离力是衡量系紧装置52对付剥离力的能力,这样就能防止第一腰位部分42与第二腰位部分44分开或当第一系紧件和第二系紧件接触时防止它们分开。用任何测量力的方法就可确定系紧装置52抗剥离力的大小,该力要求在约4.5磅的接触压力下,把第二系紧件从第一系紧件上所剥离下来的力,确定系紧装置52抗剥离力的下列程序已在使用并取得良好的效果。第一抽样取自第一系紧件53而第二抽样取自第二系紧件54。为了做好上述所要求的测试,每个抽样在垂直于测试机方向上为1吋长,而在沿着测试机方向上,要有足够的长度。
第一抽样粘贴到135°角的测试台架上并把纤维组元62背离仪表板,事先要把第二抽样放在第一抽样上,第二抽样与第一抽样中心线要一致,而第二抽样的长边平行于第一抽样长边。并且辊子立即沿长
度方向滚过第二抽样,使第二抽样在各个方向都通过用机械操纵辊子所产生的4.5磅力,来摸拟尿布穿上时的情况。而剥离力则沿135°的角度加到已啮合的抽样上,为了确定把第一抽样从第二抽样上剥离的力以及系紧装置52的抗剥离力,采用了把4个最大力的峰值之平均值。使用任何对测试领域普通技术人员都熟悉的技术和设备,都可把剥离力加上和测试到,但现已发现使用麻省Canton仪表公司制造的各种型号张力测试议(市场上的商名为instron 1101-TM,1102-TMs,1122和1130)就可很容易确定系紧装置52的抗剥离力。
在说明本发明的特殊实施例同时,在不连背本发明的精神和保护范围的前提下,各种各样的修改或改型对本技术领域的普通技术人员来说都是显而易见的,因此,所有这些在本发明范围内的修改都应包括在本发明的权利要求内。
Claims (20)
1、一次使用尿布有:
一可渗透液体的顶层;
一不可渗透液体的底层,该底层粘贴到顶层上;
一吸附芯用来吸附液体,该吸附芯包在顶层和底层之间;
一紧邻尿布各其它纵向边的纵向空白部分;
一弹性件有效地与各纵向空白部分相连;
一位于尿布一端的第一腰位部分;
一位于尿布另一端的第二腰位部分;
一系紧装置在使用时用来保持第一腰位部分和第二腰位部分的重叠外形,上述系紧装置有:
包括若干纤维组元的第一系紧件和
与第一系紧件相啮合的第二系紧件,上述第二系紧件有:
a)一具有第一面和第二面的基部
b)若干从基部的第一面延伸出的啮合组元,上述各个啮合组元有
i)一端支撑在基部的茎杆
ii)一位于基部对面茎杆另一端的凸头,上述凸头有一光滑的凸出的顶面和一从沿茎杆至少二个平径处以径向向外延伸到顶面周边的底面,上述底面适应于啮合至少一个上述的纤维组元,
其特征在于上述系紧装置的纤维突出率至少为2∶1和高度率至少为5∶1。
2、根据权利要求1所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于上述凸头的底面沿着茎杆的各个平径从径向向外延伸。
3、根据权利要求2所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于上述底面是一个平面。
4、根据权利要求2所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于上述底面是一个曲面。
5、根据权利要求1所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于上述凸头的顶面是一个半球形。
6、根据权利要求1所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于上述啮合组元用聚丙烯制成。
7、根据权利要求1所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于系紧装置有一个茎杆突出率至少为0.1∶1
8、根据权利要求1所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于啮合组元相对于基部以30°~90°之间的角度安置。
9、根据权利要求8所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于啮合组元相对于基部以45°~75°之间的角度安置。
10、根据权利要求1所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于啮合组元以至少100啮合组元/英寸2的密度安置在基部。
11、根据权利要求1所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于上述系紧装置还有一固定在第一腰位部位的各尿布纵向边的系紧带,各系紧带有一固定端和使用端,其特征在于上述第二系紧件位于各系紧带的使用端。
12、根据权利要求1所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于第一系紧件固定在第二腰位部分外表面和第二系紧件固定于第一腰位部分各边的内表面。
13、一次使用尿布有
一可渗透液体的顶层
一不可渗透液体的底层,该底层粘贴到顶层上;
一吸附芯用来吸附液体,该吸附芯包在顶层和底层之间;
一紧邻尿布各其它纵向边的纵向空白部分;
一弹性件有效地与各纵向空白部分相连;
一位于尿布一端的第一腰位部分;
一位于尿布另一端的第二腰位部分
一系紧装置为了保持上述第一腰位部分和第二腰位部分在使用中的重叠外形,上述系紧装置有:
包括若干纤维组元的第一系紧件,上述第一系紧件位于上述第二腰位部分的外侧;
固定于上述第一腰位部分每个纵向边缘上的系紧带,上述系紧带具有制造者端部和使用者端部;
与上述第一系紧件的纤维组元相啮合的第二系紧件,并位于上述系紧带的使用者端部;
上述第二系紧件包括:
a)一具有第一面与第二面的柔性基部
b)若干从基部第一面以30°~90°之间的角度延伸出的啮合组元,
各啮合组元有:
ⅰ)一端支撑在基部的茎杆和
ⅱ)一位于基部对面,茎杆另一端的凸头,上述凸头有一光滑的,一般半球形的顶面和一从沿茎杆各个半径处以径向向外延伸到顶面周边的底面,上述底面适应于啮合至少一个上述的纤维组元,
其特征在于上述系紧装置的纤维一突出率至少为2∶1和高度率至少为5∶1。
14、根据权利要求13所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于上述纤维一突出率至少为3∶1。
15、根据权利要求14所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于高度率至少为7∶1
16、根据权利要求15所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于上述系紧装置有一个茎杆一突出率至少为0.1∶1
17、根据权利要求16所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于上述啮合组元相对于基部以45°~75°之间的角度安置
18、根据权利要求17所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于上述啮合组元用聚丙烯制成。
19、根据权利要求18所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于上述系紧装置所具有的抗剥离力至少为200克。
20、根据权利要求19所述的一次使用尿布,其特征在于上述啮合组元以至少为100啮合组元/英寸的密度安置在基部。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US784187A | 1987-01-26 | 1987-01-26 | |
US007841 | 1987-01-26 | ||
US132281 | 1987-12-18 | ||
US07/132,281 US4846815A (en) | 1987-01-26 | 1987-12-18 | Disposable diaper having an improved fastening device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1030011A CN1030011A (zh) | 1989-01-04 |
CN1021015C true CN1021015C (zh) | 1993-06-02 |
Family
ID=26677424
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CN88100437A Expired - Fee Related CN1021015C (zh) | 1987-01-26 | 1988-01-26 | 具有一改进的系紧装置的一次使用尿布 |
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US (1) | US4846815A (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH01162802A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR940000581Y1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1021015C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU612132B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1286852C (zh) |
DK (1) | DK169961B1 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI92144C (zh) |
IE (1) | IE62070B1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX160136A (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ223378A (zh) |
PH (1) | PH24518A (zh) |
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US3905071A (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1975-09-16 | Ingrip Fasteners | Press-through self-gripping device |
JPS5256081Y2 (zh) * | 1972-05-29 | 1977-12-19 | ||
US3882871A (en) * | 1973-05-15 | 1975-05-13 | Takasi Taniguchi | Diaper set |
US3848594A (en) * | 1973-06-27 | 1974-11-19 | Procter & Gamble | Tape fastening system for disposable diaper |
US4241462A (en) * | 1974-10-11 | 1980-12-30 | Nishiki Co., Ltd. | Diaper cover type garment |
US3955575A (en) * | 1974-12-13 | 1976-05-11 | Yoshizo Okuda | Diaper |
FR2298283A1 (fr) * | 1975-01-24 | 1976-08-20 | Aaron Rene Ets | Couche-culotte pour bebes |
US4290174A (en) * | 1976-08-13 | 1981-09-22 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Separable fastener and article for making same |
US4290832A (en) * | 1976-08-13 | 1981-09-22 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method for making fasteners |
US4169303A (en) * | 1976-11-24 | 1979-10-02 | Lemelson Jerome H | Fastening materials |
US4114621A (en) * | 1976-12-07 | 1978-09-19 | Mims Jr Carl C | Combination incontinent garment and liner |
US4110138A (en) * | 1977-03-17 | 1978-08-29 | Junichi Nomura | Hand craft yarn art materials and structure and methods of manufacture and use thereof |
US4158906A (en) * | 1978-01-26 | 1979-06-26 | Sheldon Watson | Diaper cinch |
US4259957A (en) * | 1978-03-21 | 1981-04-07 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Fastening means for diapers |
JPS60843B2 (ja) * | 1979-04-05 | 1985-01-10 | ワイケイケイ株式会社 | ベルベツト式フアスナ−用テ−プ |
JPS60842B2 (ja) * | 1979-04-05 | 1985-01-10 | ワイケイケイ株式会社 | ベルベツト式フアスナ−用テ−プおよびその製造方法 |
US4216257A (en) * | 1979-04-20 | 1980-08-05 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Strip material for forming flexible backed fasteners |
US4322875A (en) * | 1980-03-31 | 1982-04-06 | Minnesota Mining And Manfacturing Company | Two strip materials used for forming fasteners |
MW4880A1 (en) * | 1980-04-14 | 1982-02-10 | Baggaley Norman Ernest | Diaper |
US4402690A (en) * | 1980-10-21 | 1983-09-06 | Robin Redfern | High absorbency, contoured, reusable diaper |
JPS57161101A (en) * | 1981-03-21 | 1982-10-04 | Uni Charm Corp | Disposable diaper |
US4576601A (en) * | 1981-09-21 | 1986-03-18 | Brain Lucille M | Diaper magic, open plastic pants to hold cloth diapers or disposable liner |
US4537591A (en) * | 1981-10-26 | 1985-08-27 | Coates Fredrica V | Adjustable diaper with a backband and fastening protection means |
US4475912A (en) * | 1981-10-26 | 1984-10-09 | Coates Fredrica V | Adjustable diapers with fastening means |
US4541154A (en) * | 1981-11-12 | 1985-09-17 | Yoshida Kogyo K.K. | Hooked fabric fastener tape |
US4454183A (en) * | 1982-02-26 | 1984-06-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Strip material with heat-formed hooked heads |
JPS5988903A (ja) * | 1982-11-10 | 1984-05-23 | ニツトヒロシ株式会社 | 丸編生地にて形成したおむつ |
US4509512A (en) * | 1983-04-06 | 1985-04-09 | Leclercq Marion J | Support undergarment for penile prothesis implant patient |
US4560381A (en) * | 1983-07-07 | 1985-12-24 | Southwell Sandra R H | Disposable panty for menstrual wear |
US4681581A (en) * | 1983-12-05 | 1987-07-21 | Coates Fredrica V | Adjustable size diaper and folding method therefor |
GR850209B (zh) * | 1984-01-27 | 1985-05-24 | Kaysersberg Sa | |
US4581772A (en) * | 1984-03-28 | 1986-04-15 | Smith Alice G | Training panty |
US4576599A (en) * | 1984-05-14 | 1986-03-18 | Florida State University | Sanitary pads for men |
US4563380A (en) * | 1984-07-10 | 1986-01-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fastener assembly with improved temporary attachment layer |
US4568342A (en) * | 1984-12-26 | 1986-02-04 | Davis Culley W | Variable size, reusable diaper with fastener covers |
US4577591A (en) * | 1985-01-14 | 1986-03-25 | Wesseldine Dianne M | Incontinence and protective device for animals |
US4610680A (en) * | 1985-04-29 | 1986-09-09 | Lafleur Ruby S | Disposable training panty |
US4671793A (en) * | 1985-08-22 | 1987-06-09 | Hults Rhondalee R | Disposable training pants |
US4680030A (en) * | 1985-11-13 | 1987-07-14 | Coates Fredrica V | Garment having improved, self closing, filamentary fasteners |
JPS62111410U (zh) * | 1985-12-30 | 1987-07-16 | ||
US4728326A (en) * | 1986-01-02 | 1988-03-01 | Gilles Jennifer A | Adjustable diaper |
FR2594650B1 (fr) * | 1986-02-21 | 1991-01-11 | Beghin Say Sa | Change comportant des moyens de fixation du type a boucles et a griffes |
US4699622A (en) * | 1986-03-21 | 1987-10-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Disposable diaper having an improved side closure |
JPH01238202A (ja) * | 1988-03-18 | 1989-09-22 | Fujitsu Ltd | アンテナ積雪防止装置 |
-
1987
- 1987-12-18 US US07/132,281 patent/US4846815A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-01-25 CA CA000557249A patent/CA1286852C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-01-25 MX MX10183A patent/MX160136A/es unknown
- 1988-01-25 FI FI880317A patent/FI92144C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-01-25 IE IE18188A patent/IE62070B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-01-25 DK DK033888A patent/DK169961B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-01-26 PH PH36406A patent/PH24518A/en unknown
- 1988-01-26 KR KR2019880000622U patent/KR940000581Y1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-01-26 CN CN88100437A patent/CN1021015C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-01-26 JP JP63015685A patent/JPH01162802A/ja active Pending
- 1988-01-29 AU AU10962/88A patent/AU612132B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-02-01 NZ NZ223378A patent/NZ223378A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1286852C (en) | 1991-07-30 |
IE880181L (en) | 1988-07-26 |
KR880014557U (ko) | 1988-09-13 |
FI880317A0 (fi) | 1988-01-25 |
DK33888A (da) | 1988-07-27 |
FI880317A (fi) | 1988-07-27 |
CN1030011A (zh) | 1989-01-04 |
AU1096288A (en) | 1988-07-28 |
NZ223378A (en) | 1994-09-27 |
IE62070B1 (en) | 1994-12-14 |
US4846815A (en) | 1989-07-11 |
FI92144C (fi) | 1994-10-10 |
PH24518A (en) | 1990-07-18 |
DK33888D0 (da) | 1988-01-25 |
FI92144B (fi) | 1994-06-30 |
DK169961B1 (da) | 1995-04-18 |
KR940000581Y1 (ko) | 1994-02-02 |
MX160136A (es) | 1989-12-06 |
JPH01162802A (ja) | 1989-06-27 |
AU612132B2 (en) | 1991-07-04 |
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