CN101866265A - 利用图形隐喻管理通信会话中可信关系的系统和方法 - Google Patents

利用图形隐喻管理通信会话中可信关系的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101866265A
CN101866265A CN201010187315A CN201010187315A CN101866265A CN 101866265 A CN101866265 A CN 101866265A CN 201010187315 A CN201010187315 A CN 201010187315A CN 201010187315 A CN201010187315 A CN 201010187315A CN 101866265 A CN101866265 A CN 101866265A
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比吉特·格佩特
法兰克·罗斯勒
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Avaya Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及利用图形隐喻管理通信会话中可信关系的系统和方法,公开了用于在通信会话中链接参与者的系统,方法和非临时性计算机可读存储介质。该方法包括:在图形用户界面(GUI)上呈现一组连接的图形元素,该图形元素表示通信会话的结构,和该通信会话中的第一参与者和第二参与者之间的可信关系;在该第一参与者和第二参与者之间建立双向链接,其中通信设备在该第一参与者和第二参与者之间交换可信信息;和向通信会话中的至少一个参与者显示该双向链接的描述。该方法可选地包括基于该可信信息,通过该双向链路与该第二参与者协商日历事件。与该第一和第二参与者有关的图形元素可以描述在场,上下文和角色信息中的一个或多个。

Description

利用图形隐喻管理通信会话中可信关系的系统和方法
相关申请
本申请要求2009年3月30日提出的美国临时申请序列号61/164,753的优先权,在这里将其整体引入作为参考。
本申请涉及__提出的代理人案卷号509022-US1(申请号__),509022-US2(申请号____),509022-US3(申请号___),509022-US5(申请号_____),509048-US(申请号___),509049-US(申请号___),和509098-US(申请号___),每一个都被引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及电信,并且更具体地涉及通过参与通信会话者的可信(trusted)关系有关的图形用户界面(GUI)来管理通信会话。通信会话可以多种模式存在,例如电话呼叫,通信会话,即时消息会话,电子邮件会话,视频会议会话,多媒体会话等等。
背景技术
多年来,按键电话通过增加功能按钮和菜单而被补充。对于这些功能的界面已经从简单的按钮演进到由轨迹球、象限式指针等等驱动的分层菜单。由于功能数目的增加,界面增加了更多的按钮,序列,和/或按键的组合。随着变动的复杂度级别,这一功能的丰富导致了众多不同界面。用户经常死记硬背住按键特征,但是这并不总是实际或者可取的。最近,具有触敏显示的智能手机已经开始提供类似的功能。然而,在这样的设备上的触敏显示器通常重现特征按钮和菜单,尽管它们位于触敏显示器上。
进一步,用户正转移到其它的通信形式,例如文本消息,即时消息,电子邮件,聊天会话,视频会议等等。将处理这些通信模式的能力整合到传统电话中成倍增加了复杂度和困难度。本领域需要的是一个更加直观的通信管理界面。
发明内容
本发明的一个技术方案提供了一种在通信会话中链接参与者的计算机实现方法,该方法使得通信设备来执行包括以下步骤在内的步骤:在图形用户界面上呈现一组相连接的图形元素,其表示所述通信会话的结构和该通信会话中的第一参与者和任一第二参与者之间的可信关系;在所述第一参与者和所述第二参与者之间建立双向链接,其中该通信设备在所述第一参与者和所述第二参与者之间交换可信信息;和将该双向链接的描述显示给所述通信会话中的至少一个参与者。
本发明的另一技术方案提供了一种用于在通信会话中链接参与者的系统,该系统包括:处理器;第一模块,其控制所述处理器来在图形用户界面上呈现一组相连接的图形元素,其表示所述通信会话的结构和该通信会话中的第一参与者和任一第二参与者之间的可信关系;第二模块,其控制所述处理器在所述第一参与者和所述第二参与者之间建立双向链接,其中该通信设备在所述第一参与者和所述第二参与者之间交换可信信息;和第三模块,其控制所述处理器将该双向链接的描述显示给所述通信会话中的至少一个参与者。
附图说明
为了描述上面提及的模式和获得发明的其它优点和功能,将参照特定的实施例呈现上面简要描述的对原理的更详细描述,在附图中示出了这些实施例。应当理解这些附图描述只是发明的示范性实施例,因此不理解为对它们的范围的限制,通过附图的使用,使用附加的特征和细节描述和解释了这里的原理,其中:
图1示出了实例系统实施例;
图2A示出了不具有任何通信会话的初始视图;
图2B示出了呼入通信会话的视图;
图2C示出了接受呼入的通信会话之后的初始视图;
图2D示出了添加第三方以后的通信会话的视图;
图3说明该通信会话的网络视图;
图4示出了通信会话的第二视图;
图5示出了具有其它并发通信会话的通信会话的第三视图;
图6示出了具有可信关系的用户的通信会话;
图7示出了第一实例方法的实施例;和
图8示出了第二实例方法的实施例。
具体实施方式
发明的各种实施例在下面被详细地讨论。虽然具体的实施被讨论,应当理解这样做只是为了说明的目的。相关领域的技术人员将会认识到可以使用其它的组件和配置,没有脱离本发明的精神和范围。
本发明针对本领域中对于改进的通信会话管理和通信会话中可信资源共享的需要。同伴案件(代理人案卷号509022US1;069-0011US1)公开了一个图形界面,界面使一个用户能够建立与多个用户的通信会话,并且从通信会话中拆除或者移除用户。公开了一个系统和方法,用于在图形用户界面上显示一组图形连接元素,所述图形连接元素表示用户的一个特定通信会话或通信会话组的结构。将提供参照图2A-D的一个简短介绍性的描述,接下来是图1中的可被用来实施这里公开的概念的基本通用系统的讨论,以及方法和图形界面的更具体的描述。
提出的图2A-2D中的图形界面,说明了通信会话,该系统能够通过该界面接收用户输入来管理该通信会话和该通信会话中或多个会话中的可信关系,该用户输入可以包括多模式用户输入。例如,会议呼叫中的用户可以拖放或者以其他方式移动可信图标到个人上,系统与这些个人的设备建立或者先前建立了可信关系。该系统接收那个输入并且自动地联系适当的设备,协商或者调用可信关系和与该可信关系有关的其它细节。图形隐喻(graphical metaphor),例如链接,形状,颜色,图标等等的视觉描述可以向单独用户视图提供对于通信会话中其它参与者之间的(一个或多个)双向链接中信任级别的描述。例如,用户和一个参与者之间的粗链接可以表示在双方之间传送全部可信信息。这样的信息可以包括个人电话号码和电子邮件地址,个人日历信息例如周末时间表,社会安全号码或银行账户号码等等。细线或红线可以指示不可信关系,其中只有公共信息例如公司电话号码和公司电子邮件地址将被共享。橙色链接或中等粗细线可以表示中级信任安排,其中只有公司联系人信息和基于营业时间的日历信息被共享。该可信关系如何被管理的描述主要在下面参照图6和图7讨论。
通信会话也不知道通信模式。显示在图形界面上的通信会话中所连接用户的相同隐喻可以表示被叫/主叫用户,即时消息(IM)用户,电子邮件用户,通过视频会议,多媒体,网络会议连接的用户等等。例如,从图2A示出的上下文中,用户可以选择一个联系人,并且然后使用相同类型的用户输入(拖放,轻弹,手势等)来与那个人发起通信模式中的任何一个。用户不需要知道或者学习对于不同通信模式的不同输入机制。
与会话中参与者有关的图形元素的呈现,他们如何连接以及用户如何利用元素交互,这些都根据通信会话的需要和当前活动的上下文而变化。例如,与会话中参与者相关联的元素可以包括关于每个用户的文本,头衔,位置,或任何其它的数据。用户间的连接隐喻还可以表示例如连接类型(电话,视频,网络会议等),连接质量(低频段,高频段等),参与者与主要用户如何相关的层次结构(朋友,合伙人,熟人,不信任用户等),连接的状态(活动,不活动,保持等)等等的信息。当不同实施例被提出时,这些变化将在这里被讨论。现在本发明转向图1。
参照图1,示例系统100包括通用计算设备100,该设备包括处理单元(CPU或处理器)120和系统总线110,该总线将多种系统组件耦合到处理器120,所述系统组件包括系统存储器130,例如只读存储器(ROM)140和随机存取存储器(RAM)150。系统100可以包括由高速存储器构成的高速缓存122,其与处理器120直接连接,靠近,或者集成为处理器120的一部分。系统100从存储器130和/或存储设备160复制数据到高速缓存122,用于处理器120的快速访问。这样,高速缓存122提供了性能的提升,避免了处理器120在等待数据时的延迟。这些和其它的模块可被配置用来控制处理器120来执行各种动作。其它的系统存储器130也可以被使用。存储器130可以包括具有不同性能特征的多个不同类型的存储器。可以明白本发明可以在具有多于一个处理器120的计算设备100上操作或者在联网到一起的计算设备群组或集群上操作,以提供更大的处理能力。处理器120可以包括任何通用处理器和硬件模块或软件模块,例如存储在存储设备160中的模块1 162,模块2 164,和模块3 166,配置来控制处理器120和专用处理器,在所述专用处理器中软件指令被包含在实际处理器的设计中。处理器120可以基本上是一个完全独用(self-contained)的计算系统,包括多个核心或处理器,总线,存储器控制器,高速缓存等。多核处理器可以是对称或非对称的。
系统总线110可以具有若干类型总线结构中的任何一个,包括存储器总线或存储器控制器,外围总线和使用各种不同体系总线结构中任一个的局部总线。基本输入/输出(BIOS)存储在ROM 140或类似存储器中,可以提供基本例程来帮助在计算设备100中的元件之间传送信息,例如启动期间。计算设备100进一步包括存储设备160,例如硬盘驱动器,磁盘驱动器,光盘驱动器,磁带驱动器等等。存储设备160可以包括软件模块162,164,166,用于控制处理器120。预期其它的硬件或软件模块。存储设备160通过驱动器接口连接到系统总线110上。驱动器和相关的计算机可读存储介质提供用于计算设备100的计算机可读指令,数据结构,程序模块和其它数据的非易失性存储。一方面,执行特定功能的硬件模块包括存储在与必要的硬件组件,例如处理器120,总线110,显示器170等等有关的非临时性计算机可读介质中来实现功能的软件组件。本领域技术人员知道基本的组件并且基于设备的类型可以预期适当的变型,例如设备100是否是小的手持计算设备,台式计算机,或计算机服务器。
尽管在这里示范性的实施例使用了硬盘160,但本领域技术人员应当明白,能够存储计算机可访问的数据的计算机可读介质的其它种类,例如磁带,闪存卡,数字多功能光盘,盒式磁盘,随机存取存储器(RAM)150,只读存储器(ROM)140,电缆或包括比特流的无线信号等,也可以被用在示范性操作环境中。非临时性计算机可读存储介质明确地排除例如能量,载波信号,电磁波和信号本身这样的介质。
为了实现用户与计算设备100之间的交互,输入设备190表示任何数目的输入机制,例如用于讲话的麦克风,用于手势或图形输入的触敏屏幕,键盘,鼠标,运动输入,语音等等。输出设备170也可以是本领域技术人员知道的许多输出机制中的一个或多个。如果该设备包括也接收触敏输入的图形显示器,那么输入设备190和输出设备170可以基本上是相同的元件或显示器。一些例子中,多模式系统使得用户能够提供多个类型的输入来与计算设备100通信。通信接口180总地支配和管理用户输入和系统输出。任何特定硬件布置上的操作是没有限制的,因而随着改进的硬件或固件布置的开发,这里的基本特征可以容易地取代它们。
为了清楚的说明,该示例系统实施例被呈现为包括独立的功能块,包括标记为“处理器”或者处理器120的功能块。这些块表示的功能可以通过使用共享或专用的硬件来提供,所述硬件包括但是不限于能够执行软件和诸如处理器120之类被专门构建来作为与在通用处理器上执行的软件的等同物而工作的硬件的硬件。例如,图1中呈现的一个或多个处理器的功能可以利用一个共享处理器或多个处理器来提供。(术语“处理器”不应当被解释为只涉及能够执行软件的硬件。)示例实施例可以包括微处理器和/或数字信号处理器(DSP)硬件,用于存储执行下面讨论的操作的软件的只读存储器(ROM)140,和用于存储结果的随机存取存储器(RAM)150。超大规模集成电路(VLSI)硬件实施例,以及结合通用DSP电路的定制VLSI电路也可被提供。
各实施例的逻辑操作可以如这样实施:(1)运行在一通用计算机中的可编程电路上的一系列计算机实施步骤,操作,或过程,(2)运行在专用可编程电路上的一系列计算机实施步骤,操作,或过程;和/或(3)可编程电路中的互连机器模块或程序引擎。图1中所示的系统100可以实现述及的方法的所有或部分,可以是述及系统的一部分,和/或可以根据述及的非临时性计算机可读存储介质中的指令来操作。这样的逻辑操作可被作为模块来实施,该模块被配置为控制处理器120根据模块的程序来执行特定的功能。例如,图1中说明的三个模块Mod1 162,Mod2 164和Mod3166是被配置来控制处理器120的模块。这些模块可被存储在存储设备160上和在运行时被加载到RAM 150或存储器130,或者可以象本领域知道的那样存储在其他的计算机可读存储单元中。
已经简要地讨论了示范性系统的实施例,本发明现在转向图2A,图2B,图2C和图2D和其他的用于管理通信会话的界面的图形示图。系统100,例如在图1中描述的系统,可被配置来显示图形用户界面200,例如在图2A-图2D中描述的界面,接收用于操控和管理通信会话的输入。一方面,系统100与通信设备交互来管理该通信会话,所述通信设备例如是电话,即时信使,个人或移动计算机或电子邮件设备。例如,用户可能有正与计算设备通信的桌上电话,该计算设备能够与该电话接口并呈现诸如图2A-图2D中示出的显示,从而使用电话管理通信会话。
图2A揭示不具有任何通信会话的初始视图的显示200。例如,该显示200可以包括一系列图标208,210,212,214,216,220和用于发起通信会话或与呼入通信会话交互的联系人列表218。图2A-图2D系列将要揭示通信会话管理特征,例如从图2A中示出的最初状态,建立和拆除通信会话,从会话中增加和移除参与者等等。
将要讨论,从图2A的上下文中,用户可以识别要联系的人,然后发起任何类型的通信,使用相同模式发起任何其它类型的通信。该系统在这个方面是不知道的。拖放,手势,敲击或这里描述的任何输入模式可被用来发起和建立电话呼叫,与一组个人的电信会议,IM或电子邮件会话等等。不同输入的多种实例将连同应用图标208,210,212,214,216,220而被描述,但是任何输入模式可以被用于从事任何应用。
图2B揭示呼入通信会话201的视图。该呼入通信会话201可以是任何类型的会话,例如呼入电话呼叫,呼入即时消息,呼入文本消息,对web会议的呼入请求或在这种情况下,呼入的视频会议。该呼入通信会话201示出图标206,象征请求者卡尔。该图标206可以包括子部分,例如姓名/头衔206a和通信模式图标206b,等等。该用户可以例如通过点击和拖动模式图标到该呼入通信会话201上而与该呼入通信会话201交互,从而接受来自卡尔206的呼入的视频会议请求。在这个实例中,用户点击和拖动250电话模式的图标208。该用户可以选择不同的图标。该用户也可以提供其它类型的输入来与通信会话交互,例如通过触摸屏或手写笔,轻弹的手势,鼠标的点击/移动,语音输入,键盘输入,在触敏表面上的挥击或敲打,非接触手势,和/或任何其它的适当的用户输入的组合来敲击图标。例如,在触摸情况下,不同持续时间或者压力的敲击可以执行不同的动作。用户输入可以包括鼠标移动,点击,右击,双击,拖动,轻弹,悬停,手势等等。设备可被摇晃或倾斜来接收加速计输入,或者表明某些动作的位置/方向输入。动作一般涉及将应用图标连接到一个或多个实体来执行功能,例如忽视,发送消息,接受呼入呼叫,创建通信会话,从会话中移除人等等。
尽管图2B示出呼入的通信会话的视图201,但用户可以以多种其他方式发起通信会话。例如,用户可以从联系人列表218中拖动一个联系人到通信模式图标208,210,212,214,216之一上。用户也可以在联系人列表218上滚动来定位和选择具有标识符204a的联系人204或期望联系人组,然后在选择的组上双击或轻敲来发起通信会话。该标识符204a也可以包括图形或图标,用于示出对于那个联系人的可用的通信模式(只有IM),在场(presence)信息(在他们的办公室中,但是正在通话)或者时间安排信息(例如这个人有空/没空,但是在1个小时内有一个空闲机会)。图形形式的信息也可以包括本地时间,通信会话主持人所在时区的时间,和/或生物时间。生物时间可以是上下文的一方面。例如,一个适应太平洋时区但是当前位于东部时区的人可以在本地时间晚上10:00接受电话呼叫通信会话,尽管在东部时区的其他人不能接受该通信会话。这个信息可以帮助用户知道是否寻求与该联系人通信。也可以结合表示通信会话中实体的任何图标或图形而呈现这种信息。其他用户界面的变型可被用于添加到或代替这些实例。
图2C示出用户接受该呼入通信会话201之后的视图。除了卡尔206的图标以外,用户自己的图标202(示例用户为弗兰克·格赖姆斯)出现在通信会话201中,作为连接到卡尔206的图标202。弗兰克的图标202是可选择的,并且可以包括子部分,例如姓名/头衔202a和通信模式图标202b。在这种情况下,由于该用户利用电话图标208响应了呼入的请求,因此弗兰克202在通信会话201中通过电话(通过较小的电话图标206b来表示)与卡尔206通信。卡尔的图标206包括视频图标206b,该图标可以表示视频会议能力。假设弗兰克202然后想从联系人列表218中增加马克思·鲍威尔204到通信会话201中。用户202直接从联系人列表218中点击和拖动252马克思·鲍威尔的图标204,并将其放到通信会话201上。如图2D中所示,系统100将马克思·鲍威尔增加到该通信会话中。
系统100可以给用户提供界面,使得用户可以使用多个不同的连接隐喻来建立或者操控通信会话。例如,系统100可以在屏幕上显示参与者图标,示出参与者之间的互连和允许用户放置模式图标在每个互连上来建立会话。系统100可以允许用户在屏幕上放置参与者图标,选择一模式并且点击例如“进行”或“连接”的按钮。系统100可以在屏幕上放置参与者图标,在每个参与者图标上覆盖通信模式图标,并且允许用户点击“进行”或“连接”。这些界面选项是示范性的。实际的界面可以在许多变型中的任何一个中实现。
一方面,参与者经由电话呼叫加入通信会话201。然而,该通信会话201关于各种通信模式是中立的,并且即使在用户寻求加入呼叫或其它的通信会话时也相同地对待每一种通信模式。
在另一个方面,系统100集成一个或多个通信设备的功能。在这种情况下,在图2D中示出的显示屏200可以表示计算设备100(例如一般地显示在图1中的),其包括麦克风和扬声器以及显示器。这个设备可以作为下面的两个来操作:(1)简单的电话,通过电话呼叫来将用户的声音传递到其他的呼叫者或者通信会话;和/或(2)通信会话管理系统,用于显示表示会话中涉及的不同参与方或实体的图像,并接收增加或移除个人,和以其他方式管理与通信会话200相关联的各种参数的指令。
系统100通过物理或屏幕键盘,鼠标,手写笔,触摸屏,语音命令,和/或单点触摸或多点触摸手势来接收输入。通信会话建立之前,系统100可以显示主页屏幕,其上示出的图形元素表示通信应用,例如208,210,212,214,216和220。在一个变型中,系统100显示摘要或欢迎页,用于示出新闻的简短摘要,消息,联系人,即将到来的日历事件,和/或配置选项。在另一个变型中,系统100显示默认的输入机制,例如用于拨打电话号码的十键数字键盘。
显示屏200示出三个连接的图形元素或实体202,204,206的通信会话201。这组图形元素可以包括图像,漫画,头像,文本,和/或到和与图形元素相关联的用户有关的另外的信息的超链接。可以呈现图形数据的任何组合来提供关于单独用户,连接模式,状态,在场,其它的模式能力等等的信息。文本可以包括姓名,头衔,职位,个人简历,电话号码,电子邮件地址,当前的状态,在场信息和位置。该系统可以基于被联系方的上下文(context),角色(persona),在场,和/或其它的因素来改变图形元素或使之运动。例如,元素可以示出头像或者这个人的脸,但是示出他们闭着眼睛。这可以意味着这个人在呼叫中不活跃或者未注意着呼叫。头像可以在侧边栏上等显示这个人在看别处或者看旁边或者将这个人显示为阴影,或者显示为其它的他们在呼叫中不活跃,或者他们将呼叫静音的某种其他图形表示。到通信会话的活动连接可以在视觉上表现为图形连接隐喻,其具有重叠的图形元素,连接图形元素的直线,连接图形元素的形状,具有连接图形元素的放射线的形状,和/或图形元素的共同放大外观。重叠或以其他方式编组的图形元素可以表示在一个位置的个体。在这种情况下,也可以提供关于位置的信息。此外,改变图形元素的颜色,粗细,激活,纹理和/或长度可以指示由图形元素表示的实体的关系或状态。
图2D中显示的通信会话201表示在会话中的实体的实时通信。在这个实例中,该实时通信是弗兰克·格赖姆斯202,马克思·鲍威尔204和卡尔206之间的三方通信会话201,由他们各自图标202,204,206之间的连线来示出。在图2A-图2D中假设弗兰克202注视着这个特定的屏幕,并且他是通信会话201的主持人或管理者。这样,显示屏200是系统呈现给他的图形显示。稍后的附图将从其他参与者观看的角度示出相同的通信会话。
下面将讨论呼叫建立或通信会话建立过程。为了建立通信会话201,用户可以从联系人列表218中或者从其它某种选择机制中拖放一联系人到空白区或某个指定地点,例如表示弗兰克·格赖姆斯的元素202上。通信会话201中每个参与者或联系人列表中的联系人可以具有多个相关的地址,电话号码或联系点,例如工作电话,家庭电话,移动电话,工作电子邮件,家庭电子邮件,AIM地址,诸如Facebook聊天地址之类的社交联网地址,等等。每个参与者也可以具有图标202b,204b,206b或修饰符,其不仅指示该参与方,而且还指示联系模式。在这个阶段,需要标识要呼叫的电话号码或用于替代模式的其它的通信地址。系统可以呈现界面或菜单,其使得用户可以通过任何种类的键盘来输入要拨打的电话号码或者从号码列表中选择用于该用户的号码,或者如果例如用户只可以通过电子邮件联系则键入电子邮件地址。该系统可以只有用于所选择的联系人的一个电话号码,并且自动拨打那个号码。该系统也可以基于任何标准,例如先前的历史,在场信息等,从可用的号码中自动的选择。图2D示出了过程中的阶段,在该阶段中用户弗兰克·格赖姆斯202已经如图2A,图2B和图2C示出和描述的那样,与马克思·鲍威尔204和卡尔206两者建立了通信会话。
通信会话201不限定为电话呼叫。界面200使得可以管理任何通信会话模式。当用户发起与另外一个用户的呼叫,即时消息,文本消息,视频会议等时,系统100建立到其它参与方的连接,并且在屏幕上显示与其它参与方的通信会话的图形表示。用户然后可以以相似的方式,增加另外的参与方到该通信会话中。用户可以通过以下方式从通信会话中移除参与者:拖动参与者的元素到一垃圾桶图标220,提供轻弹动作,点击与那个参与者相关的X,高亮显示参与者并摇动设备(如果该设备是具有加速计能力的移动设备的话),或者点击物理或图形的断开连接按钮。一方面当该通信会话是经由电话的时,当用户挂断电话接收器时,系统100将参与者从通信会话中移除。当参与者离开通信会话201时,系统100从该通信会话的图形表示中移除他们的图标。应当明白,增加单独参与者到该通信会话和从通信会话中移除单独参与者是通过相同的拖放或其它的用户输入而发生的。
图2A-图2D中的图形元素是图标,但是也可以包括图像,文本,视频,动画,声音,漫画和/或头像。例如,用户可以个性化他们自己的图形元素或者馈入来自照相机或摄像机的实况图像流。另外,图像元素可以具有相关的文本串202a,204a,206a。文本串可以包括姓名,头衔,职位,电话号码,电子邮件地址,当前状态,在场信息,位置和/或任何其它的可用信息。文本串可以与图形元素分离,但是与其相关,如图2A-图2D中所示。或者,系统100可以将文本串覆盖在图形元素的上面,或者将文本整合为图形元素的一部分。文本和/或图形元素的全部或部分可以是到与用户有关的另外信息的超链接,该用户与该文本或图形元素相关联,所述另外信息例如是例如博客或微博,电子邮件地址,在场信息等等。
系统100可以对于每个图标202,204,206包括各自的图形子元素202b,204b,206b,用于指示对于每个参与者的通信模式。例如,马克思·鲍威尔204通过即时消息(IM)客户端204b来参与;弗兰克·格赖姆斯202通过电话202b来参与;卡尔206通过视频会议客户端206b来参与。系统100是模式中立的,这意味着系统100相同地对待每个通信模式,例如电话,蜂窝电话,语音IP(VoIP),即时消息,电子邮件,文本消息和视频会议。当用户从一个模式改变到另一个模式时,子元素可以相应地改变。例如,如果弗兰克·格赖姆斯202在会议中间从座机改变到蜂窝电话,则该电话图标202b可以改变为移动电话图标。
因为系统使用户能够以不同的模式在会话中通信,所以系统也可以在会话中修改模式来将他们对准。为了模式之间的有效通信,来自马克思·鲍威尔的即时消息可被转换为语音,并且在电话会议中被朗读,语音也可以被转换为文本并且发送到马克思·鲍威尔204。
通过改变类型,大小,颜色,边界,亮度,位置等等,图形元素也可以传达关于通信会话的信息。例如,直线可以传达参与者之间的关系。用户可以手动地触发对于他或她自己的图标或其他人的图标的改变,或者系统100可以检测改变事件,并且相应地改变图形元素。改变事件可以基于被联系方,上下文,角色,和/或在场。例如,当一人正在讲话时,系统100可以放大表示那个人的图标。作为另外一个例子,系统100可以追踪通信会话中的每个人讲了多少,并且基于通信会话中的总讲话时间,上下移动图形元素。
在另一个变型中,系统100通过改变连接着图形元素202,204,206的链接的粗细,长度,颜色,类型和/或使链接运动,来修改链接。这些修改可以表示当前讲话的参与方,共享的资源,活动的通信会话的状态,保持的通信会话的状态,静音的通信会话的状态,未决的(pending)通信会话的状态,正连接的通信会话的状态,多参与方的线路,侧边栏谈话,受监控的传输,不受监控的传输,选择性转发,通信会话的选择性拆散成为多个通信会话等等。以这种方式,用户可以获得有关会话状态,正在发生的通信的类型和关于该通信会话的其它重要细节的知识。
一方面,用户提供比如手势(比如拖放,使用触摸屏敲击和拖动,或者执行任何其它的指导性用户输入)的输入来操控和管理通信会话。例如,用户可以点击通话图标208,视频会议图标210,IM图标212,图标按钮214或社交媒介图标216来邀请其它的用户加入通信会话。用户可以拖动这些图标,将它们放在联系人或当前通信会话中的参与者上。例如,如果呼入的通信会话处于一种模式(例如IM 212),则用户可以拖动该通话图标208到该呼入通信会话上,从而接受该呼入通信会话但是将它从IM转码到通话。
下面将提供用户如何能够与这些图标交互的一些基本实例。本发明将通过每个应用图标208,210,212,214,216和220的实例使用来进行。第一个实例将示出通话图标208的使用。假设用户卡尔206和弗兰克202如图2C所示存在于通信会话中,但是该会话是经由电子邮件而不是电话呼叫。弗兰克202可能期望简单地在电话中讲话。在这种情况下,弗兰克202可以提供指导性输入,例如在通话图标208上双击,这将指导该系统认识到,通信会话存在但是对于该会话请求新的通信模式。然后电话呼叫在弗兰克202和卡尔206之间建立,并且可选地,使用比如202b的电话图标将该电话呼叫图形化地示出在屏幕200上。
视频图标210的使用的例子接下来被呈现在图2A所示的初始显示的上下文中。弗兰克202用一个手指在视频图标210上敲击和保持,并且同时敲击联系人列表218中的马克思·鲍威尔204的图标。系统100认识到这两个输入,并且将它们解释为发起与马克思·鲍威尔204的视频会议通信会话的请求。系统100可以检索马克思·鲍威尔204的在场信息来确定马克思·鲍威尔204是否能够接受视频会议通信。信息204a可以表示马克思具有视频会议的能力并且当前有空。如果这样,则系统100通过视频在马克思204和弗兰克202之间建立通信会话,并且相应地更新显示屏200。如果不是这样,则系统100可以询问弗兰克202他是否期望选择另外的通信模式。弗兰克202然后可以敲击一个或多个可用的应用图标。
IM图标212的实例使用接下来被呈现在图2D的上下文中。弗兰克202将卡尔206拖动到IM图标212上,从而与该参与者建立IM侧边栏,卡尔已经是现有通信会话中的参与者。系统100在弗兰克202和卡尔206之间经由IM创建另外的通信会话,其与主要的通信会话201是分离的,但是与主要的通信会话201是并发的。系统100可选地给马克思·鲍威尔204示出弗兰克202和卡尔206之间的IM侧边栏的表示。
也在图2D的上下文中的电子邮件图标214的实例使用中,弗兰克202可以在触摸屏上的电子邮件图标214上挥击三个手指,从而将群发电子邮件发送到当前通信会话中的所有或一部分参与者。系统100可以识别显示屏200上表示的所有参与者,检索那些参与者的可用的电子邮件地址。如果一些参与者没有可用的电子邮件地址,则系统100可以基于一般的可用性或当前的在场信息或当前的模式智能地选择合适的替代,例如IM或SMS。系统100收集所有的电子邮件地址信息之后或期间,弗兰克202可以在弹出的窗口中输入消息并且点击发送。系统100然后将该消息发送到预期的收件人。
社交联网图标216在图2D的上下文中被讨论。弗兰克202双击该社交联网图标216。在一个变型中,系统100可视地识别哪些参与者不是弗兰克的社交网络的部分。弗兰克202然后可以在可视地识别的参与者上点击或敲击,从而快速的将他们添加到社交网络,例如LinkedIn或者Facebook。在另外的变型中,当弗兰克202在社交联网图标216上敲击一次和在别处敲击一次时,系统100可以记录与第二个敲击的位置相关的社交网络数据,例如音频剪辑,文档,视频文件,链接,文本,图像或任何其它的数据。社交媒介包括网站,例如Facebook,Twitter,LinkedIn,MySpace等等。
用户可以通过如下方式与垃圾桶图标220交互:在垃圾桶图标220的大方向轻弹参与者图标,在参与者的图标上或在整个通信会话上画上X,如果该设备是移动设备则摇动这个设备,或者通过其它的指导性的输入。系统100可以基于与垃圾桶图标220相关联的用户的交互来终止通信会话,删除联系人,从通信会话中移除参与者,或者执行其它的动作。当然垃圾桶图标220可以采取任何其它的图形图像来反映一个人或实体正在离开通信会话,例如门或者窗户。例如,窗户或门可以在显示屏上,并且主持人可通过将相应的图标移动到门或窗而从通信会话中移除实体。应当明白,与应用图标和通信会话中的至少一个实体的用户交互可以采取如上面讨论的多种形式。每个实例交互可以以类似的模式被应用到其它应用图标。
用户也可以通过将合适的图标拖放到联系人上来发起通信会话。或者,用户可以浏览联系人列表218,然后拖放一期望的联系人来将期望的联系人增加到通信会话中。系统100然后以他们期望的模式,发送者喜欢的模式,基于在场信息的当前可用的模式,或者以参与者之间的共同可用的模式,自动地联系该人并将该人加入到通信会话。系统100也可以显示其它的信息,例如日历,笔记,备忘录,个人在场信息和时间。用户可以在会话中途手动和无缝地从一个模式切换到另一模式。例如,通过蜂窝电话参与到一个通信会话的用户现在邻近摄像头,则他可以将视频会议图标拖动到通信会话上来从蜂窝电话转换为视频会议。系统100的显示可以是用户可配置的。
虽然在这些实例中主要使用拖放,但是可以提供任何的用户输入,例如敲击,手势轻弹等,来指示所选择实用图标208,210,212,214,216与一个或多个参与者(可以包括人和非人实体,如电话会议呼叫或日历项目)的链接。
一方面,用户偏好支配着由图形元素和相关文本传送的信息的量和类型。用户的偏好可以从观众的偏好和/或源端个人的偏好中提取。例如,观众设置偏好来在可获得其他人的电子邮件地址时示出之,但是源端个人将偏好设置为从不共享电子邮件地址。该源端个人的偏好(或者信息“所有者”的偏好)可以超驰(override)第三方的偏好。
已经讨论了图2A-2D的多个变型,现在讨论转向通信会话的网络视图300,如图3所示。网络302连接多种通信设备304,306,308,310,312,并且设备到设备地传送信息。该电信网络可以是以下网络中的一个或组合:普通的老式电话服务(POTS)网络,异步传输模式(ATM)网络,万维网,综合业务数字网(ISDN),帧中继网络,以太网络,令牌环网,和任何其它合适的有线或无线网络。该网络可以包括一个或多个互连的节点314,316,318,320,这些节点执行连接和传输功能的全部或部分,该功能位于GUI上通信会话的图形表示的下层。这样的网络节点314,316,318,320可以执行网络302中的所有功能,或者与端用户的通信设备304,306,308,312联合操作来操控通信会话。只示出对于设备304和306的显示组件。
一方面,诸如节点320的集中式实体控制该通信会话。该集中式实体320可以驻留于这个网络和/或经由这个网络来通信。该集中式实体320可以作为集中式企业智能服务器来操作。在另外一个方面,该通信会话的控制和功能被分布在网络或302中的多个服务器资源314,316,318,320之间。除了集中式智能和云中的分布式智能之外,网络302还可以利用具有智能端点312,308,306,304的对等模式来提供这个功能。一些变型包括在符合标准的服务器上提供标准化功能和在端点间分布非标准化功能。在某些方面,“系统”,“设备”,“通信设备”或其它执行特定步骤的硬件组件的表征可以被解释为图1和图3中所示的,作为端点或网络元件的各种设备中的一个或多个。
图3中的每个通信设备306,304,312,308示出相同通信会话的不同方面或视图。例如,设备304的显示屏示出与图2D中所示的相同参与者202,204,206相同的显示。设备306的显示屏示出从设备306的视角,在通信会话的不同视图中的相同的参与者202,204,206。同样,设备308和312在不同的视图中示出相同的参与者202,204,206,这些视图每个都可以适合于通信会话中的个体参与者。设备304可以表示通信会话的主持人或管理者,但是不被示出为正在参与通话。
一方面,移动设备308连接到基站310来连接到网络。移动设备308可以生成它自己的通信会话的视图,或者它可以生成另外一个设备的显示的完全相同的或伴生的视图。
一般,通信会话的管理涉及提供输入到图形界面用户,例如与设备304接口的用户。这里提及的输入涉及用于操控或管理该通信会话的动作步骤。相应的指令被提供给网络节点320或者活跃地提供通信链接到各参与者的网络节点。这样,该一个或多个网络节点将执行从管理设备接收到的指令,以使得恰当地执行这样的行动:通信会话桥接,从会话中移除人,建立侧边栏讨论,将通信会话分成多个较小的通信会话等等。
图3也可示出一个人或实体的视图,该人或实体试图在通信会话中联系某人。例如,假设玛丽具有设备304,想要呼叫弗兰克202。如果她想要,如果被授予了许可,则可以向她呈现示出202,204,206的弗兰克的通信会话的视图。这可以提供给她关于通信类型,谁在通话,通话的主题等的不同级别的细节。以这种方式,可以给玛丽呈现选项,因为她现在具有这个知识。也许她可能想要IM或电子邮件,而不是通话。她可以请求加入这个电话会议。她可能想要发送消息给弗兰克202:她注意到他在通话中,并且他能否在一个小时内给她回话。给玛丽呈现她正在呼叫的那个人的通信会话在场状态的图形图像,这使得她可以应用更加有效的机制来确定在与弗兰克202的通信中,如何最好的采取下一个步骤。
图4示出图2D中所示的相同通信会话的不同视图400,但是是从马克思·鲍威尔204的角度。在这种情况下,马克思·鲍威尔是主持人,因此与其余参与者的图标202,206相比较,马克思的图标204出现在中间的位置。每个参与者的图标具有相关联的文本202a,204a,206a,指示姓名和通信模式。文本202a,204a,206a也可以表示关于每个人的其它的数据,或者可以包括指示各种类型数据的图标,例如通信模式,在场,时间信息,日历信息,层次结构信息,雇主信息等等。系统100可以基于组织的层次结构,角色,位置,资历或者参数的其它组合,来安排图标。
图4中的界面400使用连接线和中央枢纽402,以及从参与者到该枢纽的辐条来表示三个参与者202,204,206在通信会话中。当系统100从事于另外的通信会话时,显示屏在不同的位置示出另外的并发会话。在一些情况中,例如即时消息,单个位置包括相同类型的多个通信会话。例如,多个IM通信会话可以显示为在单个位置上的一叠卡片。图4中的枢纽402和图2D中连接图标的直线也是示例性的活动连接的显示格局。其它图标,文本,和/或图形元素的格局可以代替这里显示的那些。
显示屏400可以包括标题栏404和多种控件,例如静音按钮406,退出按钮408,转录(transcription)按钮,和“增加参与者”按钮410。当用户点击该“增加参与者”按钮410时,系统100可以呈现给用户一个对话框,从而选择要增加的一个或多个参与者。标题栏404可以包括例如呼叫持续时间,呼叫主持人和优选的通信模式的信息。当用户点击该静音按钮406时,系统100可以将该用户的线路或者其它参与者的线路静音。对于参与者,点击该退出按钮408使得该参与者离开这个会议。主持人也可以使用点击或手势来高亮显示参与者中的一个,然后点击退出408来将他们从会议中移除。会议主持人也可以通过点击该退出按钮408,终止所有参与者的通信会话。
当用户点击转录按钮(没有示出)时,系统100可以使用语音识别模块来识别和转录语音。系统100可以实时地显示转录,例如显示为用户图标下方的文本收报机(ticker)。系统100也可以准备全部通信会话的完整转录,并且在该通信会话结束以后,将完整转录发送电子邮件到选择出的参与者。系统100可以通过自动语音识别(ASR),将来自电话呼叫的音频转码到用于文本消息会话的文本,并且可以通过文本到语音(TTS)而沿另一方向转换。从而,马克思204可以通过IM与弗兰克202和卡尔206在相同的会话中通信,但是在不同的模式中。这些不同可以在会话显示中被从视觉上呈现。
或者,用户可以从联系人列表中浏览和选择参与者,并且直接将期望的参与者拖动到会议的图形表示上。用户也可以将参与方增加到通信会话中,邀请参与方到该通信会话,从通信会话除去参与方,拆分通信会话,形成侧边栏通信会话,和合并两个通信会话。侧边栏通信会话是在主要通信会话中的两个或多个参与者之间的并发的会话,但是与该主要通信会话分开。例如,如果马克思·鲍威尔204提出一个想法,则弗兰克·格赖姆斯202和卡尔206可以形成侧边栏来讨论该提出的想法,而马克思·鲍威尔不聆听或者甚至不知道这个侧边栏。在一些情况下,其它的参与者可以知道侧边栏的存在,但是其它的参与者不知道正在侧边栏中传送的是什么。
已经讨论了图4的一些变型,现在转向讨论图5,它示出了马克思·鲍威尔204,弗兰克·格赖姆斯202和卡尔206之间的通信会话502的第三视图500,但是是从卡尔206的角度,并且具有另外的并发实时通信会话512和对于卡尔206的当前呼入呼叫514。通信会话502的活动连接在这里被示为通过三角形510连接。图5中示出的系统100可以显示重叠的图形元素,连接图形元素的直线,连接通信元素的形状,具有连接通信元素的放射线的形状,和/或图形元素的共同放大外观。系统可以在相同的位置成组聚集或者重叠对应于个人的图标。从而,根据个人,位置,人的分组等等,通信会话中的每个“参与者”的视觉表示可以不同。这个视觉图像让参与者容易理解谁在通信中,以及能够容易地图形化管理会话。
图5中的显示屏示出了三个单独的并发通信会话502,512,514。第一通信会话502在马克思204,弗兰克202和卡尔206之间。各自的元数据示为202a,204a,206a。第二个通信会话512中卡尔是参与者,该通话包括来自加利福尼亚的一组504,保罗506,罗布508,莱恩524和来自佛罗里达的一组522。这样,卡尔206是在两个通信会话中的同时参与者。系统100分别显示每个通信会话。除了这两个通信会话之外,系统100还显示来自约翰·马汉的呼入的通信514。该呼入通信图标514可以闪亮,弹跳,跳动,生长,收缩,摇摆,改变颜色,发送声音报警(例如铃声),和/或提供其它某种通知到该呼入呼叫的用户。卡尔206可以以与其它的当前通信会话相同的模式与这个呼入的请求进行交互并操控之。系统100不区分活动的通信会话和表示呼入呼叫的通信会话。例如,卡尔206可以将该呼入呼叫514拖放在通信会话512之上,直接将该呼入的呼叫添加到通信会话512或502。作为另一个例子,卡尔206可以将呼入的通信514拖放到垃圾桶图标来忽略这个呼叫,在呼入通信514上双击从而将呼入的呼叫者(如果它是通话)发送到语音信箱,或者敲击和保持来将该呼叫者置于保持状态。
如果卡尔206接受来自约翰·马汉的呼入通信514,则系统100创建和显示包括卡尔206和约翰·马汉的新的通信会话(图5中没有示出)。系统100可以将该新的通信会话放置在显示屏的其它地方。
系统100可以将活动的连接在视觉上表示为在一个位置重叠的个人的图形元素。例如,在第二通信会话512中,来自佛罗里达的参与者被重叠,这和来自加利福尼亚的参与者一样。用户可以操控这些重叠的图标,从而识别通信会话中的参与者或与之通信。
显示屏可以包括联系人列表520和日历事件522。用户与联系人的交互可以触发具有更多信息的扩大的视图或者弹出窗口。用户然后可以点击特定的联系人来查看对于该联系人的可用通信模式的列表。基于用户对可用通信模式的选择,系统100发起与该联系人的另外的通信会话。系统100连接该通信会话并将其与现有的三个会话502,512和新增加的与约翰·马汉的会话(没有示出)一起显示。
另外,系统100可以包括搜索能力。用户可以搜索联系人,日历事件,电子邮件地址,电话号码等等。对于具有非常大的联系人列表的用户,或者查找特定部门的所有成员,这个方法可以是有利的。
联系人常常将包括对于特定通信模式的几个联系人。例如,一个联系人可以包括4个电话号码,两个文本消息号码,三个电子邮件地址等等。在这些情况下,系统100可以从对于选定模式的可用地址或号码中智能地选择出一个,或者系统100可以呈现一解疑(disambiguation)对话框,这样用户可以选择期望的地址或号码。
在许多情况下,用户不具有用于所有其它的通信会话参与者的联系人条目。为了将通信会话参与者添加为联系人,用户可以将期望的图标拖放在联系人图标上。系统100可以自动地定位关于该参与者的可用信息来添加到联系人数据库。
一个可能的用户输入用来如图6A-2B中所示的那样划分通信会话。用户可以用鼠标拖动或者一个手指在触摸屏上画一条直线,将该通信会话分割成两组。然后系统100可以根据分组,将通信会话划分成两个独立并发的通信会话。一个方面,通信会话管理者可以在有限的时间期间将通信会话分开,之后通信会话被自动地合并在一起。例如,管理者可以说“A组,讨论策略A的优点和缺点。B组,讨论策略B的优点和缺点。五分钟后,我们将返回并且报告我们的讨论。”然后管理者画一条直线或者以其他方式为分组会话选择分组,并设置持续时间。当该通信会话被分割时,可以出现一对话框或图标,其呈现用于管理该分割的可用选项。系统100划分该通信会话,并且在设定的持续时间之后重新组合它们。管理者可以指示其它的设置,例如在分组会话期间禁止分组之间的侧边栏谈话。管理者可以独立于分组会话,并且通过音频,摘要和/或实时文本来监控每个分组会话。
图6示出了用户具有可信关系或具有针对单独参与者的各种信任级别的指示的通信会话600。该通信会话600包括用户卡尔602,来自加利福尼亚的参与者604,保罗606,罗布608,和来自佛罗里达的参与者610。中心枢纽形状626连接会话参与者,并且也可指示基本的,优选的,或者最小的通信模式。在这个例子中假设通信会话的视图600是对于卡尔602的。换句话说,界面600是卡尔的界面,并将呈现他的可信关系。其他的参与者如果具有他们自己的GUI,该GUI从他们的视角呈现通信会话的结构,那么将不示出卡尔的可信关系,而是将一般地示出参与这个呼叫的人并且可能示出他们与其他参与者的分别的可信关系。
同样,每个参与者看到可能独特的通信会话的图形表示。例如,图标的布局可能不同。基于背景因素,例如信任级别,通信会话的目的,位置,一天中的时间,星期几等等,图标的外观可能不同。例如,在与潜在客户的商务相关通信会话中,用户的上下文使得该用户给其他的参与者呈现正式的图标,例如用户穿着西服打着领带的图片。在一较休闲的上下文中,相同的用户可以呈现该用户身穿t恤和戴棒球帽的图片。在某些情况下,信任关系改变通信会话的其他人的图形表示中的该用户的外观。例如,彼此具有可信关系的两个用户之间的呈现可以与他们给通信会话中的非可信参与者的呈现不同。
GUI可以象一叠纸牌那样重叠或堆叠来自单个位置或机构的多个参与者,如来自加利福尼亚的参与者604和来自佛罗里达的参与者610所示。该GUI也可以利用链接轮比喻来描绘在单个位置的多个参与者。链接轮包括特定于位置的辅助枢纽,它连接到通信会话,并且在该位置的参与者通过该特定于位置的辅助枢纽连接到该通信会话。可信关系可以包括到调度器(scheduler),日历或其它个人数据的双向连接。在通信会话参与者之间的这种可信关系中,调度器之间的连接可以经由图标,连接线,边界,纹理和/或其它的图形元素来描述会议,该描述具有或不具有参与者,在场,上下文或角色的列表。调度器之间的连接甚至可以扩展到当符合信任阈值时,推送用户全部的日历。图6中,可信关系被描述为卡尔602和保罗606之间的粗线。当两个参与者具有可信关系并且需要安排事件时,系统100可以找出参与者之间的共同有空时间。在这个例子中,该可信关系使得双向链接能够将信息记入日历,以使得可以识别冲突和建立日后会面的时间。这个方法为图形隐喻,其示出涉及信任,调度器,和其它资源的时间的,上下文的,或角色的因素。
链接可以具有多种信任级别。不同的视觉隐喻可以表示不同的级别。例如,“商务合伙人”级可以共享商务联系人信息,包括公司地址,电子邮件地址和公司的电话号码。该级别的可信关系可以在通信会话界面600中被表示为蓝线,粗链接等。另一层信任可以包括时间信息,例如对于营业时间的日历信息,并被表示为不同的颜色,较粗的线等。较深的信任关系可以由较粗的线,另外的颜色等来表示,并且可以包括周末或夜晚的日历信息,生日/周年日期,个人的电子邮件地址和移动电话的号码等。
关于角色信息,在集中于商务角色的经验,商业成功等的通信中,用户可能期望描述商业角色。该角色可呈现在商务联系人条目中,如果某人下载他们的联系人信息,则他们将愿意共享所述商务联系人条目。其它的角色信息例如个人品位,爱好,个人兴趣等可以在其他可信关系中共享。经由这里公开的可信关系隐喻,用户可以管理在通信中呈现,提供或接收何种角色。这可以包括这样的信息,如什么类型的图标或元素被示出在通信会话中。例如,保罗606可能与卡尔602有亲近的朋友关系,并且希望在卡尔的显示屏600上具有在他的通信会话的图形表示中较休闲的图片606。这可以基于参与方之间关系的信任级别来确定。保罗606可能期望来自佛罗里达、加利福尼亚的其它参与者和罗布看到更加以商务为重点的图标606,即保罗穿着西服。他们会话的图形视图之间的这一区别可以是基于单独参与方之间的可信关系的。
联系人列表中的联系人的外观也可以符合通信会话中它们可信关系的外观。例如,如果粗的红线指示通信会话中的可信关系,那么联系人列表中的可信联系人可以具有粗的红色边界。
有各种用户卡尔602可以建立可信关系的方法。例如,卡尔602可以从通信会话的枢纽626(或者其它的地方)拖动或者以其他方式移动信任图标612,并且将它放下或者以其他方式放置在表示另外的通信会话参与者的图标上。图6将从卡尔602到保罗606的连接链接的图形表示显示为较粗的直线。系统100可以调整链接的粗细、动画、纹理、形状、方向、颜色、曲率、风格和/或长度,从而指示存在可信关系和/或信任的级别。例如,系统100可以利用周期性脉冲来使图标之间的链接或者图标本身运动,从而指示可信关系。相似地,系统100可以添加涉及可信关系的文本标签和/或控件。系统也可以修改可信用户的图形元素,例如在可信用户的图标上覆盖绿色的对号或者其它的标记。这些变型也可以提供信息隐射,该信息隐射关于可信关系的持续时间、信任级别、什么正在经由该可信关系而被共享和其它有关的可信关系信息。
一方面,系统100将信任描述改变为两方之间发展出的实际的关系。例如,在单个通信会话中(或者在多个通信会话的持续时间中)随着两个用户获得彼此的信任,该直线可以改变颜色、粗细等来指示新兴的信任关系。同样,随着信任关系的结束,系统100可以自动地更新链接的图形描述,返回到正常或非可信状态。
当用户建立了可信关系时,该可信关系中的至少一个用户可以设置信任级别。图6示出弹出框616,用于设置对于该可信关系的信任级别618和可选的持续时间620。不同的级别可以允许不同类别的对多个资源的访问。例如,第一信任级别允许只读地访问用户的日历,而第二信任级别允许读写地访问用户的日历。第三信任级别允许部分地查看用户的联系人,而第四信任级别允许全部查看用户的联系人。对于资源的组合,信任级别可以是许可的组合,例如全部地访问联系人和只读地访问时间信息,例如日历,或者夜晚和周末访问该日历。信任级别也可以在其它的资源中改变。例如,用户可以通过可信关系共享对接下来的30天的日历的只读访问,并且不允许访问过去的日历事件和超过30天的将来的日历事件。作为另外一个例子,用户可以通过可信关系共享对地址簿中的商务联系人的全部访问,但是不允许访问该地址簿中的个人联系人。
可信关系可以共享多个资源,例如日历、联系人、在场信息,文档、证书、资金、电子邮件(包括收件箱,发件箱和/或已发送项目)、IM数据、相片、视频、角色信息和其它可能直接或不直接地涉及该通信会话的信息。卡尔602可以随时点击与到保罗606的粗线相关的X 622来终止该可信关系。相似地,随着关系的发展,用户可以手动升高和降低信任级别,例如通过点击与信任级别相关的加或减的图标,或者向上或向下移动滑块。在位于单个位置的一组参与者中的一个参与者具有可信关系的情况下,例如加利福尼亚组604和佛罗里达组610,系统100可以从组中分离出该一个参与者,以更清楚地图形化示出可信关系。可选择地,在通信中的卡尔602和保罗606之间存在可信关系的情况下,也可以在保罗606的GUI上向他呈现该可信关系的视觉描述。
作为另外的好处,添加联系人到联系人列表可以利用这种可信关系的概念的优势。例如,如果卡尔602不具有保罗的联系人信息,一旦建立了可信关系,则卡尔可以以任何合适的级别,容易地接收到保罗的联系人信息。例如,卡尔在他的界面600上可以将保罗的图标606拖放到联系人图标(例如图5所示的520)。这个操作将导致系统接收通过双向链接共享的关于保罗的联系人信息,并且在卡尔的联系人列表中填充一个新的联系人。关于保罗,关于通信会话600等的电子邮件地址、电话号码、家庭/公司地址和其它元数据的合适的级别和数量也会被自动地存储在联系人列表中或其它的位置。这个方法提供了简单的基于可信关系添加联系人信息的机制。
接下来讨论通信会话600的其它方面。关于建立侧边栏通信,下面的实例说明可如何建立侧边栏。图6中所示的电话会议600可以发展到一个点,在这里罗布608和保罗606想要进行一个单独的“离线”讨论,但是不被完全地从该通话中移除。具有能够管理通信会话600的界面的主持人602或其它用户可以提供用户输入,例如通过图标标识罗布608和保罗606以用于侧边栏讨论。这可以包括这样的机制,例如提供一个手势来圈定这两个图标,连接这两个人的线,用户按下shift键并且点击这两个图标,将这两个图标拖动到侧边栏标识的位置等等。这个交互使得通信管理者在侧边栏中建立参与者之间直接的通信链接。也可以出现对于该通信会话的另一组调整。
例如,从视觉上参与方和会议之间的通信链接可被示为虚线或者他们部分地连接到该通信会话的某种其它的视觉表示,而侧边栏中的这两个参与方之间的通信链接可以揭示活动的通信链接。侧边栏参与者的图标可被移动到界面600的角落或其它的位置,用来表明他们正出去进行单独的讨论。关于音频,通信管理者或者由枢纽626表示的会议服务器可以降低基本通信会话的音量,以使得侧边栏讨论将在背景中听到该基本通信会话。在这个方面,通话的主持人卡尔602可以更大声点讲话以通知侧边栏中的罗布和保罗,他们应当重新参加这个会议。换句话说,如果主持人602更大声点说“罗布和保罗,你们准备好加入回来了吗?!”
在这种情况下,基本通信会话中的参与者将不能听到侧边栏中的声音,但如果罗布和保罗能提高他们回应的声音,则该通信管理者或会议桥可以使那个响应能够被会议听到。这个方法可以仿真如下机制:在实际在一起的参与方中,两个参与方为了一个更私人的讨论而移动到角落,但是仍然与基本通信会话具有一定级别的可用通信。
或者,侧边栏可以是完全单独的链接。主持人602可以通过文本或其它模式通知侧边栏的参与者重新加入该通信会话。主要的会议桥将继续,系统100在子组之间建立单独的侧边栏。一个方面,任何的参与方可以建立该(一个或多个)侧边栏,不只是主持人。
在这个侧边栏实例的其它方面,(一个或多个)侧边栏的物理上分开的连接可由主要会议中的任何成员建立。此外,其他模式的通信,例如IM或电子邮件可以自动地变成在侧边栏和主要会议之间是可用的,来通知状态消息,例如重新加入的时间,关于如何进行的问题等。例如,罗布608和保罗606被分离到侧边栏讨论中,并且建立了对于通信会话的各种调整,可以呈现自动菜单或图标,其辅助对该通信会话的进一步修改。例如,可以呈现一些图标,这些图标使得主持人602或不在(一个或多个)侧边栏中的另外的参与方能够拖动或以其他方式移动,然后放下或以其他方式放置一图标到罗布和保罗的侧边栏会话中,其自动地发送一个即时消息来询问“你们准备好返回了吗?”。罗布和/或保罗可以通过说出类似于“是的,我们准备好了”的即时消息来响应。在这种情况下,主持人602或者另外的参与方将主持人的GUI上的表示具有罗布和保罗的侧边栏的图标拖动或者以其他方式移动回该通信会话,在该通信会话中,保罗606和罗布608将恢复到他们先前的状态,成为整个通信会话600中的常规参与者。用于侧边栏的另外的图标或通信装置然后将消失,因为不再需要它们。一方面,罗布和保罗自己决定重新加入该通信会话,并且不需要来自主持人的干预,甚至不需要该主持人知道该侧边栏通信会话。
此外关于侧边栏,侧边栏的参与者之间的可信关系可被自动地或手动地建立。例如,如果罗布608和保罗606建立了侧边栏,并且这些参与者中的每一个具有与卡尔602的高级别可信关系,则系统可以自动地使他们能够在他们的侧边栏中具有高级别的可信关系。例如卡尔可以说“罗布和保罗,你们两个都位于和我的亲密朋友可信级别中,但是我知道你们不太认识彼此。我将为你们两个建立一个侧边栏,来谈话一会儿并且共享可信信息。我们将在5分钟后带你们回到通话中。”卡尔602然后可以建立具有罗布和保罗的侧边栏,并且他们可以通过拖放或其它的操作来将彼此作为可信联系人添加到他们的联系人列表中,从而共享可信信息。
在一可信侧边栏中,图标608和606还可以改变来显示每个个体的角色。例如,在他们各自的GUI中,他们可以给侧边栏中的参与方显示一个视图,该视图比另外将给会话中的其它参与者示出的视图要更加轻松。我们可以看到,基于可信关系,可以以各种方式与各种个体参与者共享上下文,角色和时间信息。
可信关系可以允许可信参与方超出通信会话的范围而查看彼此的在场信息。例如,如果卡尔和罗布具有一可信关系,那么卡尔可以看到罗布的工作场所之外和工作日结束以后的在场信息。在这个和其它的变型中,可信关系可以是非对称的。在非对称可信关系的一个例子中,卡尔信任罗布,并且与罗布共享全部的日历访问和24小时的在场信息。另一方面罗布信任卡尔,但是只授权卡尔受限制地访问日历(即在工作日的上午9点到中午之间,全部地访问日历事件)和工作时间的在场信息。
在图7的示例性方法实施例中示出的用于建立侧边栏的基本步骤包括下面的动作:与标识出的实体建立侧边栏通信会话(702),修改通信会话,使得该通信会话和该侧边栏通信会话之间能够通信(704),接收标识该侧边栏通信会话中的实体的第二用户输入,该第二用户输入指示出一旦接收到第二用户通信就消除该侧边栏通信会话,将侧边栏通信会话中的参与者重新加入到该通信会话中(706),并且删除该侧边栏通信会话(708)。当参与者涉及在一更大的通信会话中时,例如角色,时间和上下文信息的可信信息可与其它可用的通信选项分开地在侧边栏参与者之间开放和通信。这些其它的可信关系可被视觉上表示在示出给侧边栏参与者的侧边栏会话表示中。
本发明现在转向图8所示的示例性方法实施例。为清楚起见,依照配置用来实施该方法的例如图1中示出的示例性系统或者图3中示出的网络节点的组合来讨论这个方法。
图8示出了在通信会话中链接参与者的计算机实现方法。系统100在图形用户界面(GUI)上呈现一组相连接的图形元素,其表示该通信会话的结构和该通信会话中的第一参与者和第二参与者之间的可信关系(802)。该通信会话可以是两个用户之间的电话通话或者三个或更多用户之间的电话会议。该通信会话可以是模式中立的,从而会话中的用户可以使用许多通信模式中的任何一个来通信,通信模式例如电话、蜂窝电话、语音IP(VoIP)、视频会议、文本消息、即时消息、基于网络的聊天、电子邮件等等。GUI允许用户快速和直观地操控该通信会话。具有不同能力的设备可以给它们的用户呈现符合这些能力的合适的GUI。例如,与移动设备相比,桌上电话可以具有较强的处理器和图形能力、较大的屏幕、更多的内存、较高的带宽等等。这样一个桌上电话可以显示具有完整交互和动画的GUI,而移动设备可能仅提供适合于它自己能力的全部功能的一个子集。
图形元素可以包括图像、漫画、头像、文本和到关于与图形元素相关联用户的另外信息的超链接。该文本可以包括姓名、头衔、职位、电话号码、电子邮件地址、当前的状态、在场信息和位置。系统可以基于被联系方的上下文,角色和在场,来改变图形元素或使之运动。到通信会话的活动连接可从视觉上表示为图形连接隐喻,该隐喻具有重叠的图形元素、连接图形元素的线、连接图形元素的形状、具有连接图形元素的放射线的形状、和/或图形元素共同放大的外观。重叠的图形元素可以表示在一个位置的多个个体。而且,改变图形元素的颜色、粗细、动画、纹理和/或长度可以指示由该图形元素表示的实体的关系或状态。与第一参与者和第二参与者相关联的图形元素可以描述在场,上下文和角色信息中的一个或多个。一方面,系统100显示第一参与者和第二参与者之间的涉及在场,上下文和角色信息的可信选项的仪表盘(dashboard)。
系统100在第一参与者和第二参与者之间建立双向链接,其中通信设备在该第一参与者和第二参与者之间交换可信信息(804)。系统100或者用户中的一个可以从具有层次结构的多个类型中选择双向链接,每个类型指示信任和访问的不同级别。系统100可以基于选择的类型,更新该双向链接的外观。交换的可信信息可以包括日历事件、上下文数据、角色信息等等。可选地,系统100可以基于该可信信息,通过该双向链接,与第二参与者协商日历事件。应当明白,可以利用由于这里公开的图形地管理一个或多个通信会话的能力而可用的基本选项,在可信参与方或者可信参与方的其它参与方之间,以各种方式交换各种类型的可信信息。例如,图5揭示呼入通信514。该通信可以表示通话、对于用户加入所安排事件的自动化请求、来自其它的电话会议通话或者通信会话的让用户加入的请求等等。可信通信会话的原理可以应用到这个场景。图6中用户卡尔602可以设置一个参数:只有在一特定信任级别以上的人应当经由进入(barge-in)请求而被呈现。呼入通信514可以包括图形表示,用于表示如果连接已经建立,那么卡尔602和呼入通信之间的信任级别应当是什么。
其它的实例也适用于图5。假设知道有关通信会话502中的每个参与者和通信会话512中的每个参与者之间的信任级别的信息。假设主持人想要组合这些通信会话并且想要确定这样是否合适。在确定中可起帮助作用的一个参数是所有参与者之间的组合的信任级别。也许弗兰克·格赖姆斯504与卡尔508和马克思·鲍威尔506之间具有一个非常低的信任级别。该信任级别可能排除通信会话的组合,因为所有参与者的组合的信任级别不够安全。当主持人尝试组合这些指示该信任级别的通信会话时,初步的图形视图能够被呈现给主持人或者可以呈现一个警告。随后可以是一个对话框,其中主持人确认组合会话或者提供不完成组合的输入。这样,这里公开的通信会话管理的各个方面可以具有视觉上添加的信任级别,从而改进可用的通信特征。
本发明范围内的实施例也可以包括有形的和/或非临时性的计算机可读存储介质,用于承载或者具有存储在其上的计算机可执行指令或者数据结构。这样的非临时性计算机可读存储介质可以是任何可用的介质,其可以被通用或专用的计算机访问,包括上面讨论的任何专用处理器的功能性设计。通过举例的方式,并且不做限制,这样的非临时性计算机可读介质可以包括RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或者其它的光盘存储、磁盘存储或者其它的磁存储设备,或者任何其它的可被用于承载或存储计算机可执行指令、数据结构或处理器芯片设计形式的所需程序码装置的介质。当信息在网络上或者另外的通信连接(硬连线,无线,或者及其组合)上被传送或提供给一个计算机时,该计算机适当地认为该连接是计算机可读介质。这样,任何这种连接适当地被称为计算机可读介质。上面的组合也应当包括在计算机可读介质的范围内。
计算机可执行指令例如包括导致通用计算机,专用计算机,或专用处理设备执行某一功能或功能组的指令和数据。计算机可执行指令也包括在单机或网络环境中,由计算机执行的程序模块。一般地,程序模块包括例程、程序、组件、数据结构、对象和专用处理器的设计中的内在功能等,它们执行特定的任务或者实施特定的抽象的数据类型。计算机可执行指令,相关的数据结构和程序模块表示用于执行这里公开的方法的步骤的程序码装置的实例。这种可执行指令或相关数据结构的特定序列表示相应的动作,这些动作用于执行在这些步骤中描述的功能。
本领域技术人员将会明白本发明的其它实施例可以在具有许多类型的计算机系统配置的网络计算环境中实施,所述计算机系统配置包括个人计算机,手持设备,多处理器系统,基于微处理器或可编程的消费类电子产品,网络个人计算机,小型机,大型计算机等。实施例也可以在分布式计算环境中实施,其中任务由通过通信网络链接(经由硬线链接,无线链接,或者经由它们的组合)的本地和远端的处理设备来实施。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块可以位于本地和远端的记忆存储设备中。
上面描述的不同实施例仅为了说明而提供,不应当被解释为对发明保护范围的限制。本领域的技术人员将很容易认识到,对这里描述的原理所做出的没有遵循对这里揭示和描述的实例实施例和应用的多种修改和改变没有背离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种在通信会话中链接参与者的计算机实现方法,该方法使得通信设备来执行如下步骤,包括:
在图形用户界面上呈现一组相连接的图形元素,其表示所述通信会话的结构和该通信会话中的第一参与者和任一第二参与者之间的可信关系;
在所述第一参与者和所述第二参与者之间建立双向链接,其中该通信设备在所述第一参与者和所述第二参与者之间交换可信信息;和
将该双向链接的描述显示给所述通信会话中的至少一个参与者。
2.权利要求1的计算机实现方法,其中与所述第一参与者和所述第二参与者关联的图形元素描述以下信息中的一个或多个:在场、上下文和角色信息。
3.权利要求1的计算机实现方法,其中该可信信息包括日历事件。
4.权利要求1的计算机实现方法,其中所述双向链接是从具有层次结构的多个类型中的一个类型中选择的,每个类型指示信任和访问的不同级别。
5.权利要求4的计算机实现方法,其中该双向链接的外观象征着所述具有层次结构的多个类型中所选择的一个类型。
6.一种用于在通信会话中链接参与者的系统,该系统包括:
处理器;
第一模块,用于控制所述处理器来在图形用户界面上呈现一组相连接的图形元素,其表示所述通信会话的结构和该通信会话中的第一参与者和任一第二参与者之间的可信关系;
第二模块,用于控制所述处理器在所述第一参与者和所述第二参与者之间建立双向链接,其中该通信设备在所述第一参与者和所述第二参与者之间交换可信信息;和
第三模块,用于控制所述处理器将该双向链接的描述显示给所述通信会话中的至少一个参与者。
7.权利要求6的系统,其中与所述第一参与者和所述第二参与者关联的图形元素描述以下信息中的一个或多个:在场,上下文和角色信息。
8.一种存储有指令的非临时性计算机可读存储介质,所述指令当被计算设备执行时,使得该计算设备连接通信会话中的参与者,该指令包括:
在图形用户界面上呈现一组相连接的图形元素,其表示所述通信会话的结构和该通信会话中的第一参与者和任一第二参与者之间的可信关系;
在所述第一参与者和所述第二参与者之间建立双向链接,其中该通信设备在所述第一参与者和所述第二参与者之间交换可信信息;和
将该双向链接的描述显示给所述通信会话中的至少一个参与者。
9.权利要求8的非临时性计算机可读存储介质,其中与所述第一参与者和所述第二参与者关联的图形元素描述以下信息中的一个或多个:在场,上下文和角色信息。
10.权利要求9的非临时性计算机可读存储介质,其中所述描述在场,上下文和角色信息中的一个或多个的图形元素包括所述第一参与者和所述第二参与者之间的可信选项的仪表盘。
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JP5620134B2 (ja) 2014-11-05
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