CN1016677B - 含有层间氧化物的层状金属氧化物制备方法 - Google Patents
含有层间氧化物的层状金属氧化物制备方法Info
- Publication number
- CN1016677B CN1016677B CN87105161A CN87105161A CN1016677B CN 1016677 B CN1016677 B CN 1016677B CN 87105161 A CN87105161 A CN 87105161A CN 87105161 A CN87105161 A CN 87105161A CN 1016677 B CN1016677 B CN 1016677B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- compound
- metal
- dagger
- metal oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 13
- -1 cationic metal complex Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102000040350 B family Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108091072128 B family Proteins 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000951 Aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- CGCVKWAPMFFGIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C(=O)C(=O)C.[Si] Chemical compound C(C)C(=O)C(=O)C.[Si] CGCVKWAPMFFGIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910002552 Fe K Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003110 Mg K Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007643 Phytolacca americana Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIFVJYNWLCNYGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si]=O.[Zr] Chemical compound [Si]=O.[Zr] YIFVJYNWLCNYGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNKHQQXFHLJHHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zr+4].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Si+2]=O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2] Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Si+2]=O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2] YNKHQQXFHLJHHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical group O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001649 dickite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009881 electrostatic interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021321 essential mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OTUXRAAQAFDEQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxosilicon(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2].[Si+2]=O.[O-2] OTUXRAAQAFDEQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FMLYSTGQBVZCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxosilicon(2+) oxygen(2-) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Si+2]=O.[O-2].[O-2] FMLYSTGQBVZCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropylammonium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/049—Pillared clays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/14—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/145—After-treatment of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. pulverising, drying, decreasing the acidity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/20—Methods for preparing sulfides or polysulfides, in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/42—Sulfides or polysulfides of magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium
-
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Abstract
一种层状产品的制备方法,该产品包括层状金属氧化物和从元素周期表IB、IIB、IIIA、IIIB、IVA、IVB(C除外)、VA、VB(N、P除外)、VIA、VIIA和VIIIA族中选用至少一种元素的氧化物撑柱,此撑柱将金属氧化物的层片分开。金属氧化物的每一层其通式为[Mx□y Z2-(x+y)O4]q-其中M为至少一种价数为n的金属,n为0至7之间的整数,□代表空位,Z为四价金属,还有其中
q=4y-x(n-4)
0<x+y<2。
Description
本发明是关于含有层间多聚氧化物的层状金属氧化物的制备方法。
现在已经知道许多种层状材料,它们呈现三维的结构,其中只是在二维上显示最强的化学键合作用。这类材料中,在二维平面上形成较强的化学键,而将这些平面一层一层堆叠起来就形成一个三维的固体,然而,平面之间的相互作用比起把各单个平面结合在一起的化学键来要弱。这些较弱的键一般是由于层间的吸引力,如范德华力、静电相互作用和氢键造成的。在电中性层片形成层状结构的情况下,这时各层之间只是通过范德华力相互作用,由于各平面之间相对滑动不会遇到象层间有强的键合时出现的能垒,所以呈现高度的润滑性。石墨就是此类材料中的一个实例。许多粘土材料的硅酸盐层片之间是由位于层片之间的离子提供的静电吸引作用而相互结合在一起的。此外,相邻层上互补部位之间直接会出现氢键相互作用,或者层间的桥连分子也能提供氢键相互作用。
诸如粘土之间的层状材料可以经过改性来增加它的表面积。特别是,可以通过吸附各种溶胀剂如水、乙二醇、胺类和酮类,进入层间空间把层片撑开,于是能大大增加层间的距离。可是,这些层状材料的层间空间当通过例如将粘土放在高温下的方法把占有该空间的分子除去后它就会容易塌陷。因而,已经增大了表面积的这类层状材料不适于用在即便条件只是中等苛刻的化学处理中。
估测层间分离的程度可以用标准的技术例如x-射线衍射法来测定基线间距,也称为“重复距离”或“d-间距”。这个数值是指这么一个距离,例如某层的最上部边缘和与其相邻的那一层最上部边缘之间的距离。如果层厚已知的话,则可以从基线间距减去层厚来测出层间间距。
曾用过各种方法来制备具有热稳定性的层间间距增大的层状材料。大多数方法是依据在层状材料的层片之间引入无机的“柱撑”剂。例如,美国专利第4,216,188号公开了一种粘土,它是由含完全分开的单层片的很稀的胶体溶液和含胶体金属氢氧化物溶液的交联剂制成的金属氢氧化物来将粘土进行交联制成的。可是这个方法需要一种很稀的粘土的生成液(小于1g/l),目的是在加入柱撑剂和荷正电的交联剂之前要把层片完全分开。
美国专利第4,248,739号是关于一种稳定的层间柱撑的粘土,这是由蒙脱土粘土与例如铝和锆之类金属的阳离子金属络合物相反应而制成的。得到的产物层间分得很开,还具备热稳定性。
美国专利第4,176,090号,这里列为参考文献,它公开了一种粘土组成,它的层间夹入了
铝、锆和钛之类金属的多聚阳离子金属氢氧基络合物。该文宣称层间间距可以达到16
,尽管该文在烧结样品的实例说明中只达到9
左右。本质上,这些间距是不变的,它们与金属氢氧络合物的具体尺寸有关。
本发明是关于一种层状产品的制备方法,该产品包括层状金属氧化物和从元素周期表(菲舍尔(Fishcr)科学公司,商品号5-702-10,1978年)的第ⅠB、ⅡB、ⅢA、ⅢB、ⅣA、ⅣB(c除外)、ⅤA、ⅤB(N、p除外)、ⅥA、ⅦA和ⅧA族中选用至少一种元素的氧化物作撑柱,此撑柱把金属氧化物层片分开,其中每层金属氧化物的通式为:
〔Mx□yZz-(x+y)O4〕q-
其中M是至少一种价数为n的金属,这里n为0至7之间的整数,最好为2或3,□代表空位,z为四价金属,最好是钛,还有其中
q=4y-x(n-4),最好等于0.6-0.9
0<x+y<2
本发明是关于制备前面一段所述的层状产品的一种方法,该方法包括从上述层状金属氧化物开始,在层状氧化物的层间阴离子位置处向层片之间引入有机阳离子化合物,因而把那里的层与层靠物理作用分开,然后在层状氧化物已被分开的层片之间引入能够转化为氧化物的化合物,最后把该化合物转化为氧化物,形成把层状氧化物的相邻层片之间分开的氧化物撑柱。
要注意的是这里采用“层状”金属氧化物这个词是用它通常被接受的含意,是指这么一种材料,它是由许多相互之间可以受物理作用互相位移离开而使相邻层片之间的间距增大的金属氧化物单层所组成的。这个位移可以用x-射线衍射技术和/或密度测量法来测定的。
本发明特别适用于能够制备面间间距(d-间距)比较大的柱撑氧化物产品,例如大于10
左右以及更适合大于20
、甚至高达超过30
的情况。这类材料能够经受诸如灼烧时遇到的苛刻条件,例如在氮气或空气中450℃左右的温度下经受大约2小时或更长时间,例如4小时,而层间间距没有明显的缩短,例如缩短在大约10%以下。此外,制备这类柱撑氧化物不必作高倍的稀释,而后者对于用现有技术的夹层工艺夹入层间材料来说往往是必须的。最后一点是,在最终产品中层间氧化物的尺寸可以作较大范围的改动,这是因为该氧化物的前体化合物是以电中性形式引入的,于是层状的金属代钛酸盐内夹入的层间材料的量并不取决于原来层状氧化物的电荷密度。柱撑之前把层片分开的工序中要决定层间加入的阳离子化合物的适配性质时,应当考虑电荷密度。
本发明采用一种层状的金属氧化物,最好是一种金属代钛酸盐起始材料,其中阴离子位置处有相应的层间阳离子。这些层间阳离子可以是氢离子、水合氢离子和碱金属离子。
更具体地说,本发明采用一种层状金属氧化物起始材料,其中每一层的通式为:
〔Mx□yZz-(x+y)O4〕q-
其中M是至少一种价数为n的金属,这里n为0到7之间的整数,最好为2或3,□代表空位,z为四价金属,最好是钛,还有其中
q=4y-x(n-4),最好等于0.6-0.9
0<x+y<2
夹在氧化物层片之间的将是起着电荷平衡作用的电荷为m的阳离子A,这里m为1到3之间的整数,最好为1。A最好是选自Cs、Rb和K中的一种大体积的碱金属阳离子,M是从Mg、Sc、Mn、Fe、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、In、Ca和Al中选用的至少一种二价或三价金属的阳离子。例如,M可以是In和Ga。从结构上讲,这些金属氧化物是由多层八面体构成的,而后者在某一维方向上以反式共边相连,在另一维方向上以顺式共边相连,形成在第三维方向上被阳离子A隔开的双八面体层。在z用钛的推荐实例中,这些物质的制备可以用由1)金属氧化物、2)碱金
属碳酸盐或硝酸盐和3)二氧化钛组成的混合物进行高温熔融的办法;或用将碱金属的金属酸盐和二氧化钛的混合物熔融的办法。这样的熔融可以先把试剂研磨成均匀的混合物,然后在空气中用瓷坩埚在600到1100℃之间的温度下进行。得到的产物在送去进行有机物撑胀和夹入多聚氧化物之前,要先研磨成20到250目的大小,最好是100目左右。
关于层状金属代钛酸盐起始材料及其制备方法的进一步介绍可以在下列文献中找到:
Reid,A.F.;Mumme,W.G;Wadsley,A.D;Acta Cryst(1968),B24,1228;Groult,D.;Mercy,C.;Raveau,B;J.Solid State Chem.1980,32 289;England,W.A.;Burkett,J.E.;Goodenough;J.B.;Wiseman,P.J.J;Solid State Chem.1983,49 300。
采用这些层状金属氧化物作为本发明中的层状起始材料,这就允许在被处理的层状起始材料中掺入不同的金属原子,使得在稳定的层片本身加入潜在的有催化活性的部位。还有,可以加入不同量的金属原子,成为对某一特定过程具有最佳活性的催化剂。再则,金属代钛酸盐呈现无限大反式共边的层状结构,而不是象例如Na2Ti3O7那样的截状3-体结构(Sheared 3-block structuye),这就可减少或消除夹层材料灼烧时由于热分解或水热分解而可能造成层片和断裂。这类金属代钛酸盐材料甚至可以比硅钛酸盐分子筛具备更高的热稳定性。此外,因为对于层状金属氧化物而言,由于其中金属氧化物有不同氧化态、掺杂了金属原子以及材料的化学配比也有变化,因而可能其中氧化物层片上电荷密度会有变化,从而会造成能够交换到材料里的有机阳离子化合物的量也有变化。这进而造成最终产物中层片之间氧化物撑柱的最终浓度也有变化。
本发明方法中,层状金属氧化物起始材料先用含有机阳离子如有机铵阳离子原料化合物的“柱撑”剂进行处理,目的在于与层间的阳离子发生交换将起始材料的层片撑开。适用的有机铵阳离子有如正十二烷基铵、辛铵、正庚铵、正己铵和正丙铵。在这柱撑或撑胀的一步里,重要的是要维持在较低的氢离子浓度,以防金属代钛酸盐的分解,同样也防止在柱撑剂上优先吸附了氢离子。用柱撑胀剂处理时,一般pH范围在6到10,最好在7到8.5。处理之后,发现用能溶解柱撑剂的试剂洗去过量的柱撑剂,然后再用水洗是有好处的。例如在用正辛胺作柱撑剂时,乙醇与它是溶解的故能适用。这么一经洗涤可以在层状金属氧化物中夹入更多的氧化物撑柱的前体化合物。用水处理可使水渗入层间空隙,有助于下面要接着进行的氧化物撑柱的前体化合物的水解过程。
以上处理产生了层间间距增大的层状金属氧化物,这种增大取决于夹入的有机阳离子的大小。有一个实施例中,进行了一系列有机阳离子的交换。例如,一种有机阳离子可以被更大的有机阳离子所交换。因而就逐级增加了层间间距。层状氧化物与柱撑剂的接触最好是在水相介质中进行,这样水就裹夹在被柱撑了的化合物层片之间了。
离子交换之后,被有机物柱撑了的化合物用一种化合物处理,这种化合物要能够,最好是通过水解作用,转化为氧化物撑柱,最好是转化成多聚氧化物。当涉及用水解法来处理时,可以用已经存在在被有机物柱撑了的材料内的水来进行。在这种情况下,可以在加入多聚氧化物的前体化合物之前,先将被有机物柱撑的材料干燥,改变干燥的程度就可调整水解的程度。
夹入在层片之间的有机阳离子最好能够从经过撑柱后的材料中清除出去,而同时不明显影响或除去层间的多聚氧化物。例如,正辛铵之类的有机阳离子可以放在氮气或空气氛的高温下,例如灼烧,来将它除去,或者用化学氧化的方法来除去,这一步最好在层间多聚氧化物的前体化合物已经转化成多聚氧化物撑柱之后进行,这是为了要制得本发明的层状产品。
本发明的产品尤其在灼烧之后表面积很大,例如大于200、300、400或甚至600m2/g,热稳定性和水热稳定性也很高,这使得它们非常适宜于在烃转化过程例如裂解和加氢裂解中做催化剂或催化剂的担体。
按照本发明的方法,层状金属氧化物起始材料先经过一步撑胀或柱撑,在这一步里将该材料用能够在氧化物层片之间生成有机鏻或有机铵之类阳离子的有机化合物来处理。在相邻层片之间夹入有机阳离子的作用是,通过物理作用把层片分开到使得该层状材料在其层片之间能夹入电中性的、可水解的、多聚氧化物的前体化合物。尤其是已经发现烷基铵阳离子适用于本发明。于是C3和更大的烷基
铵阳离子,例如正辛铵,很容易被夹入到层状金属氧化物的层间空间中去,起来把层片撑开的作用,以致能够引入多聚氧化物的前体化合物。层片分开的程度可以靠所采用的有机铵离子的大小来控制,因而采用正丙铵阳离子就可以得到2到5
的层间间距,而若要得到10到20
的层间间距就需要用正辛铵阳离子或相同等效长度的阳离子。事实上,有机阳离子的大小和形状能在根本上影响到它是否能够被夹入到层状结构中去。例如,块状的阳离子如四丙基铵一般说来在本方法中是不合需要的,推荐用正烷基铵阳离子,例如从正烷基伯胺衍生来的化合物和R3R′N+型阳离子,其中R是甲基或乙基以及R′是至少有5个碳原子的正烷基基团。有机阳离子的处理最好是在水相介质中进行,这样以后就有水来将下一步加入在“柱撑”了的产物中的电中性、可以水解的多聚硫属化物的前体化合物进行水解。
然后在柱撑了的或撑胀了的金属氧化物起始材料的层片之间,就生成层间氧化物撑柱,它可以是锆或钛或更好是选自周期表(菲舍尔科学公司,商品号5-702-10,1978年)上除了碳之外的第ⅣB族元素即硅、锗、锡和铅的氧化物,最好是多聚氧化物。其它可用的氧化物有第ⅤA族如Ⅴ、Nb和Ta、第ⅡA族如Mg或第ⅢB族如B的氧化物。最好的撑柱为多聚的氧化硅。此外,氧化物撑柱可以包括了在撑柱上提供有催化活性的酸性部位的元素,合适的有铝。
氧化物撑柱是从前体化合物材料生成的,而后者最好是在被有机物“柱撑”了的材料的层片之间,以适用元素(如第ⅣB族元素)的阳离子或更好是电中性的可水解的化合物形式加入的。前体化合物材料最好是一种室温条件下是液态的有机金属化合物。尤其是适用作撑柱的元素的可水解化合物,如烷氧基化物,已被用作前体化合物。可用的多聚氧化硅前体化合物材料有硅酸四烷基酯,如原硅酸四丙基酯、原硅酸四甲基酯、还有最合适的原硅酸四乙基酯。在撑柱也要求含有多聚氧化铝的场合下,则可以在柱撑后的金属代钛酸盐与硅化物接触之前、之后或同时,用可水解的铝化物与被有机物“柱撑”了的材料相接触。采用的可水解的铝化物最好是烷氧基铝,如异丙氧基铝。如果撑柱要含有氧化钛,则可采用烷氧基钛之类可水解的钛化物,如异丙氧基钛。此外,氧化物的前体化合物中可以含有沸石的前体化合物,使得在转化的条件下就可以生成层间的沸石材料,至少是氧化物撑柱中的一部分。
通过水解生成氧化物撑柱,再灼烧除去有机的柱撑剂,此后得到的最终撑柱产品可能含有残余的可交换的阳离子。层状材料中的这些残余阳离子可以用已知的方法被其它阳离子交换,从而对撑柱产物提供或改变其催化活性。可用来置换的阳离子有铯、铈、钴、镍、铜、锌、锰、铂、镧、铝、铵、水合氢离子及它们的混合物。
最后得到的撑柱产品在500℃或甚至更高的温度下都具有热稳定性,同时呈现可观的吸附容量(对H2O和C6烃可高达10到25%(重量))。当产物中金属M用的是二价金属原子如Mg、Ni、Cu和Zn时,氧化硅撑柱产品的层间间距达到12
以上,表面积大于250m2/g。夹入三价金属离子如Sc、Mn、Fe、Cr、In、Ga和Al的氧化硅撑柱产品,其层间间距能达到6到15
。本发明的灼烧产品,尤其是用本发明的方法制成含有层间多聚氧化物的产品,由于它们的表面积大、层间间距大、热稳定性好以及其中夹入的金属原子可以多种多样,所以适宜作石油加工的催化剂。
当用作催化剂时,则希望本发明的撑柱产品中夹入其他能够耐受有机的转化过程中用的温度和其它条件的材料,即基体。这些材料包括活性的与非活性的材料和合成的或天然存在的沸石,同样也包括粘土、氧化硅和/或金属氧化物之类的无机材料。撑柱产品与基体结合起来用,就是它们的活性的结合体,会改进某些有机转化过程中的转化率和/或催化剂的选择性。非活性材料能够起到稀释剂的作用,在给定的过程中控制转化的量,因而可以经济地制造产物,而毋须用其它方法来控制反应速度。这些材料可以加在天然存在的粘土如膨润土和高岭土里,以改进在工厂操作条件下催化剂的抗碎强度。在催化剂中,上述材料即粘土、氧化物等起粘合剂的作用。因为在工业用途中希望防止催化剂破裂成粉样的物质,所以希望制成的催化剂有良好的抗碎强度。目前采用这类粘土粘合剂一般只是为了改进催化剂的抗碎强度用的。
能与撑柱产品复合的天然粘土有蒙脱土和高岭土类,这包括次膨润土和通常称为迪克西土
(Dixie)、麦克内米土(McNamee)、佐治亚土(Georgia)和弗罗里达土(Florida)的高岭土,或者其它各种主要矿物成分为埃洛石、高岭石、地开石、珍珠陶土或蠕陶土的粘土。这类粘土以原来开采出来时的原料状态就可以使用,或者先经过灼烧、酸处理或化学改性后使用。与撑柱产品复合用的基体材料又包括无机氧化物,尤其是氧化铝或氧化硅。
除以上材料外,本发明的撑柱产品可以与多孔的基体材料例如磷酸铝、氧化硅-氧化铝、氧化硅-氧化镁、氧化硅-氧化锆、含硅氧化钍、氧化硅-氧化铍、氧化硅-氧化钛,还有三元复合物如氧化硅-氧化铝-氧化钍、氧化硅-氧化铝-氧化锆、氧化硅-氧化铝-氧化镁和氧化硅-氧化镁-氧化锆进行复合。撑柱产品微粒与无机氧化物凝胶基体的相对比例可以作较大范围的变动,撑柱产品含量可以从1到90%(重量),更通常地说尤其是在制成珠状或挤出物形状的复合物的情况下撑柱产品可占复合物的2到80%(重量)。
本发明再用以下实例和所附实例3中撑柱后的金属代钛酸盐的x射线衍射图来作进一步的介绍。这些实例中,采用铜的Kα双重态辐射的标准方法得到的x射线衍射数据。
实例1
层状金属代钛酸盐的制备
将CsNO3(53.62g,0.2751摩尔)、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O(40.00g,0.1375摩尔)和TiO2(51.81g,0.6482摩尔)研磨成均匀的混合物。将此固体在空气中420℃下加热3小时,接着在1000℃下灼烧12小时。该产物的x射线粉末图符合于雷德(Reid)等人对同构化合物Rb0.7(Mn0.7Ti1.3)O4报导的文献。(层间间距=8.41
)。
表1所列出的材料也是用金属氧化物的原料化合物、碱金属碳酸盐或硝酸盐和TiO2;或碱金属的金属酸盐和TiO2一起熔融的方法来合成的。(见表1)
还制备了另外一些层状金属代钛酸盐。所用的试剂、试剂的化学配比、反应温度和持续时间列于下面的表2。先将试剂研磨成均匀混合物,然后在瓷坩埚内灼烧来进行反应。在碱金属阳离子采用钾的情况下,需要作再次研磨和再次灼烧,以求继续反应得到的层状物相具有合理的纯度。在继续反应之前,将制得的粗硬粉末研磨成100目左右。(见表2)
实例2
用与辛基氯化铵进行离子交换
的方法柱撑层状金属代钛酸盐
将实例1中制得的材料用碱金属阳离子与辛铵离子交换的方法,把它的层间间距柱撑开来。在维持反应混合物温度在50℃以下的条件下,向一个12%HCl(4.9当量HCl/摩尔层状金属氧化物)溶液内缓慢加入过量辛胺(5摩尔当量/摩尔当量的层状金属氧化物)。然后在辛基氯化铵溶液中加入层状金属代钛酸盐,混合物再回流加热24小时。
将反应混合物冷却,过滤,热的蒸馏水(体积为1.5乘以反应溶液的体积)洗涤。室温下将固体在空气中干燥。下面表3列出了柱撑后材料的组成及其从x射线衍射图中最低的2θ峰测得的d-间距。(见表3)
实例3
用原硅酸四乙基酯处理
柱撑的金属代钛酸盐
接着将实例2中用辛铵交换过的固体在乙醇中搅拌2小时,过滤,再在室温和空气中干燥2小时。然后向固体中加H2O用混合器打浆,以保证该增水性固体与水有最大程度的混合。接着把浆液转移到烧杯,搅拌过夜。混合物经过过滤再在空气中干燥4小时。
得到的滤饼用原硅酸四乙基酯(TEOS)(5g TEOS/g固体)处理72小时。浆液经过过滤,将固体在空气中干燥,就得到柱撑了的材料。将柱撑后的材料在空气中500℃灼烧4小时,于是除去辛胺,制成了分子筛。如此处理后的材料的分析数据列于以下表4。还给出了柱撑后的Cs0.57(Ni0.32Ti1.70)O4材料的x射线衍射图。(见表4)
实例4
空位钛酸盐的柱撑
本实例中,层状起始材料是实验式为Cs0.7Ti1.83O4的钛酸盐。这种材料在层片上某个钛的部位处存在空位,因而可写成通式,其中□为空位,y等于0.18。层状空位钛酸盐的制备是利用Cs2CO3和TiO2
在化学配比为1∶5.2下的高温固体反应。将所用的Cs2CO3研磨成细粉(小于100目),再在真空炉180℃下干燥和存数。TiO2不作处理就可使用。把固体(50g Cs2CO3和63.93gTiO2)研磨成均匀的混合物,再在650℃下灼烧10小时,重新研磨后在950℃下再灼烧10小时。最后将得到的产物进行研磨。
然后将30g钛酸盐产物用辛铵/HCl(摩尔比为1钛酸盐∶5辛胺∶4.9HCl)置换撑胀处理14小时。产物用1000ml H2O洗涤之后放在空气中干燥过夜。
将25g撑胀后的钛酸盐在300ml乙醇中搅拌、过滤和在空气中干燥。干燥后的固体接着在500ml水中搅拌24小时,再进行柱撑和空气中干燥过夜。得到的固体(16.4g)与100g TEOS一起搅拌24小时,混合物经过过滤再在空气中干燥,得到18.5g固体产物。将产物在空气中500℃灼烧4小时制得需要的多孔分子筛。
表1
试剂的化学配比 金属氧化物 熔融 最低的X射线谱线
Cs0.7(Mn0.7Ti1.3)O4CsMnO41000 10.3 8.57
Cs0.7(Sc0.7Ti1.3)O4Sc2O31000 10.3 8.57
Cs0.7(Mg0.35Ti1.65)O4MgO 1000 10.3 8.57
Rb0.7(Mn0.7Ti1.3)O4RbMnO4900 11.10 7.97
K0.8(Ni0.4Ti1.6)O4Ni(NO3)21050 11.4 7.76
K0.8(Cu0.4Ti1.6)O4Cu(OH)21050 11.3 7.83
表3
正辛铵交换后金属代钛酸盐的组成
组成a,b%N d(A)c
H3O+ 0.34Cs0.22(NH3R+)0.16[Mg0.35Ti1.76]O40.98 25.2
H3O+ 0.30Rb0.07(NH3R+)0.43[Mn0.79Ti1.39]O42.24 24.5
H3O+ 0.43Cs0.23(NH3R+)0.10[Mn0.76Ti1.37]O40.60 23.2
H3O+ 0.33Cs0.12(NH3R+)0.21[Al0.66Ti1.38]O41.25 24.5
H3O+ 0.11Cs0.14(NH3R+)0.44[Ni0.35Ti1.75]O42.40 23.9
H3O+ 0.39K0.15(NH3R+)0.37[Mg0.46Ti1.69]O42.04 25.2
H3O+ 0.33K0.03(NH3R+)0.56[Zn0.46Ti1.75]O42.68 24.6
H3O+ 0.15K0.19(NH3R+)0.43[Fe0.78Ti1.39]O42.31 24.5
H3O+ 0.31K0.17(NH3R+)0.34[Mn0.82Ti1.30]O41.97 24.8
aR=C8H17
bH3O+含量的测定是从与金属-钛层片的负电荷平衡的总电荷中扣去Cs和NH3R含量后得到的。
cd-从X射线衍射图中最低的2θ峰得到的层间间距。
表4
含有 含有层间多聚氧化
硅的金属代钛酸盐
M 起始的层状 层间 %金属 %SiO2残余阳离
Ni Cs0.57(Ni0.32Ti1.70)O415.7 7.2 23.2 7.1
Mg K0.73(Mg0.39Ti1.62)O414.9 5.2 - 2.9
Zn K0.66(Zn0.35Ti1.49)O414.6 12.9 - 0.45
Al Cs0.72(Al0.53Ti1.42)O410.2 9.9 8.5 8.3
Fe K0.69(Fe0.73Ti1.28)O48.6 16.1 19.6 3.0
Mn K0.69(Mn0.79Ti1.23)O45.5 19.9 21.3 2.6
ad-粉末衍射法得到的间距减去金属氧化物层片的厚度
b分子筛中,A=碱金属原子的含量。
Claims (9)
1、一种层状产品的制备方法,该产品包括层状金属氧化物和从元素周期表的第ⅠB、ⅡB、ⅢA、ⅢB、ⅣA、ⅣB(C除外)、ⅤA、ⅤB(N、p除外)、ⅥA、ⅦA和ⅧA族中选用至少一种元素的氧化物撑柱,此撑柱将各金属氧化物的层片分开。其中每层金属氧化物的通式为:
其中M为至少一种价数为n的金属,n为0至7之间的整数,□代表空位,z为四价金属,并且其中
q=4y-x(n-4)
0<x+y<2
所述方法包括:
·借助于在层状金属氧化物的层间阴离子位置处层之间引入有机阳离子物质,从而把金属氧化物的层与层靠物理作用而分开;
·在层状氧化物已被分开的层之间引入能够转化为氧化物的化合物;
·将该化合物转化为氧化物,形成将层状氧化物的相邻层分开的氧化物撑柱。
2、按权利要求1的方法,其中n为2或3。
3、按权利要求1的方法,其中z是钛。
4、按权利要求3的方法,其中y为0。
5、按权利要求1的方法,其中q为0.6-0.9。
6、按权利要求1的方法,其中M选自Mg、Sc、Mn、Fe、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、In、Ca和Al。
7、按权利要求1的方法,其中所述化合物是转化成为包含多聚氧化物的撑柱。
8、按权利要求1的方法,其中所述化合物是转化成为包含多聚氧化硅的撑柱。
9、按权利要求1的方法,其中所述有机阳离子物质是烷基铵阳离子。
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US4637991A (en) * | 1985-06-10 | 1987-01-20 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Pillared interlayered clays |
US4650779A (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1987-03-17 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Regeneration of pillared clays with gas containing a small amount of ammonia |
ZA867945B (en) * | 1985-11-12 | 1988-05-25 | Mobil Oil Corp | Layered silicates |
US4980333A (en) | 1986-06-27 | 1990-12-25 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Perovskite-related layered oxides containing interspathic polymeric oxide |
-
1986
- 1986-06-27 US US06/879,787 patent/US4859648A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1987
- 1987-06-09 NZ NZ220619A patent/NZ220619A/xx unknown
- 1987-06-09 NZ NZ220620A patent/NZ220620A/xx unknown
- 1987-06-09 NZ NZ220621A patent/NZ220621A/xx unknown
- 1987-06-09 NZ NZ220617A patent/NZ220617A/xx unknown
- 1987-06-11 WO PCT/US1987/001443 patent/WO1988000176A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-06-11 EP EP87905013A patent/EP0271575B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-06-11 BR BR8707359A patent/BR8707359A/pt unknown
- 1987-06-11 WO PCT/US1987/001442 patent/WO1988000091A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-06-11 WO PCT/US1987/001447 patent/WO1988000092A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-06-11 JP JP62504651A patent/JP2554685B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1987-06-11 JP JP62503963A patent/JP2653805B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-06-11 AU AU75870/87A patent/AU597394B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-06-11 CA CA000539457A patent/CA1287612C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-06-11 JP JP62504095A patent/JPH01500186A/ja active Pending
- 1987-06-11 BR BR8707360A patent/BR8707360A/pt unknown
- 1987-06-11 AU AU75900/87A patent/AU597395B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-06-11 WO PCT/US1987/001444 patent/WO1988000090A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-06-11 AU AU76416/87A patent/AU598840B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-06-11 BR BR8707357A patent/BR8707357A/pt unknown
- 1987-06-11 AU AU77821/87A patent/AU598295B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-06-11 CA CA000539453A patent/CA1283647C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-06-11 EP EP87904346A patent/EP0295269B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-06-11 AU AU76436/87A patent/AU600498B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-06-11 JP JP62504096A patent/JPH01500192A/ja active Pending
- 1987-06-11 CA CA000539455A patent/CA1283646C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-06-11 BR BR8707362A patent/BR8707362A/pt unknown
- 1987-06-11 EP EP87904444A patent/EP0272306B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-06-11 EP EP87904445A patent/EP0270659B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-06-11 WO PCT/US1987/001445 patent/WO1988000093A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-06-11 EP EP87904443A patent/EP0271563B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-06-19 MY MYPI87000853A patent/MY102860A/en unknown
- 1987-06-22 IN IN448/MAS/87A patent/IN169964B/en unknown
- 1987-06-26 ZA ZA874646A patent/ZA874646B/xx unknown
- 1987-06-26 ES ES8701865A patent/ES2004430A6/es not_active Expired
- 1987-06-26 ZA ZA874645A patent/ZA874645B/xx unknown
- 1987-06-26 ZA ZA874647A patent/ZA874647B/xx unknown
- 1987-06-26 ZA ZA874648A patent/ZA874648B/xx unknown
- 1987-06-26 ZA ZA874644A patent/ZA874644B/xx unknown
- 1987-06-27 CN CN87105159A patent/CN1014233B/zh not_active Expired
- 1987-06-27 CN CN87105161A patent/CN1016677B/zh not_active Expired
- 1987-06-27 CN CN87105160A patent/CN1016772B/zh not_active Expired
- 1987-06-27 CN CN87105158A patent/CN1016771B/zh not_active Expired
- 1987-06-27 CN CN87105162A patent/CN1016773B/zh not_active Expired
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1988
- 1988-02-26 DK DK101388A patent/DK171313B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-26 DK DK101688A patent/DK101688A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-02-26 DK DK101488A patent/DK171265B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-26 DK DK101288A patent/DK171312B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
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