CN1016677B - 含有层间氧化物的层状金属氧化物制备方法 - Google Patents

含有层间氧化物的层状金属氧化物制备方法

Info

Publication number
CN1016677B
CN1016677B CN87105161A CN87105161A CN1016677B CN 1016677 B CN1016677 B CN 1016677B CN 87105161 A CN87105161 A CN 87105161A CN 87105161 A CN87105161 A CN 87105161A CN 1016677 B CN1016677 B CN 1016677B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
oxide
compound
metal
dagger
metal oxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CN87105161A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN87105161A (zh
Inventor
布伦特·艾伦·奥德姆布林克
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Incomparable Oil Co
ExxonMobil Oil Corp
Original Assignee
Incomparable Oil Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Incomparable Oil Co filed Critical Incomparable Oil Co
Publication of CN87105161A publication Critical patent/CN87105161A/zh
Publication of CN1016677B publication Critical patent/CN1016677B/zh
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/049Pillared clays
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/14Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/145After-treatment of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. pulverising, drying, decreasing the acidity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/20Methods for preparing sulfides or polysulfides, in general
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/42Sulfides or polysulfides of magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B19/00Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • C01B19/007Tellurides or selenides of metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G23/00Compounds of titanium
    • C01G23/003Titanates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/02Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C2/04Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
    • C07C2/06Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C07C2/08Catalytic processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/02Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C2/04Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
    • C07C2/06Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C07C2/08Catalytic processes
    • C07C2/10Catalytic processes with metal oxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G45/00Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
    • C10G45/02Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
    • C10G45/04Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/02Amorphous compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/20Two-dimensional structures
    • C01P2002/22Two-dimensional structures layered hydroxide-type, e.g. of the hydrotalcite-type
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/74Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by peak-intensities or a ratio thereof only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/78Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by stacking-plane distances or stacking sequences
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/12Surface area
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/42Magnetic properties
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80Compositional purity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2521/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C07C2521/06Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2521/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C07C2521/06Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • C07C2521/08Silica
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2521/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C07C2521/12Silica and alumina

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

一种层状产品的制备方法,该产品包括层状金属氧化物和从元素周期表IB、IIB、IIIA、IIIB、IVA、IVB(C除外)、VA、VB(N、P除外)、VIA、VIIA和VIIIA族中选用至少一种元素的氧化物撑柱,此撑柱将金属氧化物的层片分开。金属氧化物的每一层其通式为[Mxy Z2-(x+y)O4]q-其中M为至少一种价数为n的金属,n为0至7之间的整数,□代表空位,Z为四价金属,还有其中
q=4y-x(n-4)
0<x+y<2。

Description

本发明是关于含有层间多聚氧化物的层状金属氧化物的制备方法。
现在已经知道许多种层状材料,它们呈现三维的结构,其中只是在二维上显示最强的化学键合作用。这类材料中,在二维平面上形成较强的化学键,而将这些平面一层一层堆叠起来就形成一个三维的固体,然而,平面之间的相互作用比起把各单个平面结合在一起的化学键来要弱。这些较弱的键一般是由于层间的吸引力,如范德华力、静电相互作用和氢键造成的。在电中性层片形成层状结构的情况下,这时各层之间只是通过范德华力相互作用,由于各平面之间相对滑动不会遇到象层间有强的键合时出现的能垒,所以呈现高度的润滑性。石墨就是此类材料中的一个实例。许多粘土材料的硅酸盐层片之间是由位于层片之间的离子提供的静电吸引作用而相互结合在一起的。此外,相邻层上互补部位之间直接会出现氢键相互作用,或者层间的桥连分子也能提供氢键相互作用。
诸如粘土之间的层状材料可以经过改性来增加它的表面积。特别是,可以通过吸附各种溶胀剂如水、乙二醇、胺类和酮类,进入层间空间把层片撑开,于是能大大增加层间的距离。可是,这些层状材料的层间空间当通过例如将粘土放在高温下的方法把占有该空间的分子除去后它就会容易塌陷。因而,已经增大了表面积的这类层状材料不适于用在即便条件只是中等苛刻的化学处理中。
估测层间分离的程度可以用标准的技术例如x-射线衍射法来测定基线间距,也称为“重复距离”或“d-间距”。这个数值是指这么一个距离,例如某层的最上部边缘和与其相邻的那一层最上部边缘之间的距离。如果层厚已知的话,则可以从基线间距减去层厚来测出层间间距。
曾用过各种方法来制备具有热稳定性的层间间距增大的层状材料。大多数方法是依据在层状材料的层片之间引入无机的“柱撑”剂。例如,美国专利第4,216,188号公开了一种粘土,它是由含完全分开的单层片的很稀的胶体溶液和含胶体金属氢氧化物溶液的交联剂制成的金属氢氧化物来将粘土进行交联制成的。可是这个方法需要一种很稀的粘土的生成液(小于1g/l),目的是在加入柱撑剂和荷正电的交联剂之前要把层片完全分开。
美国专利第4,248,739号是关于一种稳定的层间柱撑的粘土,这是由蒙脱土粘土与例如铝和锆之类金属的阳离子金属络合物相反应而制成的。得到的产物层间分得很开,还具备热稳定性。
美国专利第4,176,090号,这里列为参考文献,它公开了一种粘土组成,它的层间夹入了 铝、锆和钛之类金属的多聚阳离子金属氢氧基络合物。该文宣称层间间距可以达到16
Figure 87105161_IMG1
,尽管该文在烧结样品的实例说明中只达到9 左右。本质上,这些间距是不变的,它们与金属氢氧络合物的具体尺寸有关。
含硅的物质,由于它们有较高的热稳定特性,因而被认为很有希望作柱撑剂。美国专利第4,367,163号介绍了一种用氧化硅作夹层的粘土,其制备是将粘土基材用离子型硅络合物(例如乙酰丙酮硅)之类含硅的反应剂或SiCl4之类中性化合物来浸渍。在用适当的极性溶剂如二氯甲烷、丙酮、苯甲醛、三烷基-或四烷基-铵离子或二甲基亚砜来浸渍硅之前或浸渍期间,粘土会膨胀些。可是这个方法看来只形成单层的氧化硅夹层,得到的产物其层间间距较小,用x-射线衍射法测定为2-3
Figure 87105161_IMG3
左右。
本发明是关于一种层状产品的制备方法,该产品包括层状金属氧化物和从元素周期表(菲舍尔(Fishcr)科学公司,商品号5-702-10,1978年)的第ⅠB、ⅡB、ⅢA、ⅢB、ⅣA、ⅣB(c除外)、ⅤA、ⅤB(N、p除外)、ⅥA、ⅦA和ⅧA族中选用至少一种元素的氧化物作撑柱,此撑柱把金属氧化物层片分开,其中每层金属氧化物的通式为:
〔MxyZz-(x+y)O4q-
其中M是至少一种价数为n的金属,这里n为0至7之间的整数,最好为2或3,□代表空位,z为四价金属,最好是钛,还有其中
q=4y-x(n-4),最好等于0.6-0.9
0<x+y<2
本发明是关于制备前面一段所述的层状产品的一种方法,该方法包括从上述层状金属氧化物开始,在层状氧化物的层间阴离子位置处向层片之间引入有机阳离子化合物,因而把那里的层与层靠物理作用分开,然后在层状氧化物已被分开的层片之间引入能够转化为氧化物的化合物,最后把该化合物转化为氧化物,形成把层状氧化物的相邻层片之间分开的氧化物撑柱。
要注意的是这里采用“层状”金属氧化物这个词是用它通常被接受的含意,是指这么一种材料,它是由许多相互之间可以受物理作用互相位移离开而使相邻层片之间的间距增大的金属氧化物单层所组成的。这个位移可以用x-射线衍射技术和/或密度测量法来测定的。
本发明特别适用于能够制备面间间距(d-间距)比较大的柱撑氧化物产品,例如大于10
Figure 87105161_IMG4
左右以及更适合大于20
Figure 87105161_IMG5
、甚至高达超过30
Figure 87105161_IMG6
的情况。这类材料能够经受诸如灼烧时遇到的苛刻条件,例如在氮气或空气中450℃左右的温度下经受大约2小时或更长时间,例如4小时,而层间间距没有明显的缩短,例如缩短在大约10%以下。此外,制备这类柱撑氧化物不必作高倍的稀释,而后者对于用现有技术的夹层工艺夹入层间材料来说往往是必须的。最后一点是,在最终产品中层间氧化物的尺寸可以作较大范围的改动,这是因为该氧化物的前体化合物是以电中性形式引入的,于是层状的金属代钛酸盐内夹入的层间材料的量并不取决于原来层状氧化物的电荷密度。柱撑之前把层片分开的工序中要决定层间加入的阳离子化合物的适配性质时,应当考虑电荷密度。
本发明采用一种层状的金属氧化物,最好是一种金属代钛酸盐起始材料,其中阴离子位置处有相应的层间阳离子。这些层间阳离子可以是氢离子、水合氢离子和碱金属离子。
更具体地说,本发明采用一种层状金属氧化物起始材料,其中每一层的通式为:
〔MxyZz-(x+y)O4q-
其中M是至少一种价数为n的金属,这里n为0到7之间的整数,最好为2或3,□代表空位,z为四价金属,最好是钛,还有其中
q=4y-x(n-4),最好等于0.6-0.9
0<x+y<2
夹在氧化物层片之间的将是起着电荷平衡作用的电荷为m的阳离子A,这里m为1到3之间的整数,最好为1。A最好是选自Cs、Rb和K中的一种大体积的碱金属阳离子,M是从Mg、Sc、Mn、Fe、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、In、Ca和Al中选用的至少一种二价或三价金属的阳离子。例如,M可以是In和Ga。从结构上讲,这些金属氧化物是由多层八面体构成的,而后者在某一维方向上以反式共边相连,在另一维方向上以顺式共边相连,形成在第三维方向上被阳离子A隔开的双八面体层。在z用钛的推荐实例中,这些物质的制备可以用由1)金属氧化物、2)碱金 属碳酸盐或硝酸盐和3)二氧化钛组成的混合物进行高温熔融的办法;或用将碱金属的金属酸盐和二氧化钛的混合物熔融的办法。这样的熔融可以先把试剂研磨成均匀的混合物,然后在空气中用瓷坩埚在600到1100℃之间的温度下进行。得到的产物在送去进行有机物撑胀和夹入多聚氧化物之前,要先研磨成20到250目的大小,最好是100目左右。
关于层状金属代钛酸盐起始材料及其制备方法的进一步介绍可以在下列文献中找到:
Reid,A.F.;Mumme,W.G;Wadsley,A.D;Acta    Cryst(1968),B24,1228;Groult,D.;Mercy,C.;Raveau,B;J.Solid    State    Chem.1980,32    289;England,W.A.;Burkett,J.E.;Goodenough;J.B.;Wiseman,P.J.J;Solid    State    Chem.1983,49    300。
采用这些层状金属氧化物作为本发明中的层状起始材料,这就允许在被处理的层状起始材料中掺入不同的金属原子,使得在稳定的层片本身加入潜在的有催化活性的部位。还有,可以加入不同量的金属原子,成为对某一特定过程具有最佳活性的催化剂。再则,金属代钛酸盐呈现无限大反式共边的层状结构,而不是象例如Na2Ti3O7那样的截状3-体结构(Sheared 3-block structuye),这就可减少或消除夹层材料灼烧时由于热分解或水热分解而可能造成层片和断裂。这类金属代钛酸盐材料甚至可以比硅钛酸盐分子筛具备更高的热稳定性。此外,因为对于层状金属氧化物而言,由于其中金属氧化物有不同氧化态、掺杂了金属原子以及材料的化学配比也有变化,因而可能其中氧化物层片上电荷密度会有变化,从而会造成能够交换到材料里的有机阳离子化合物的量也有变化。这进而造成最终产物中层片之间氧化物撑柱的最终浓度也有变化。
本发明方法中,层状金属氧化物起始材料先用含有机阳离子如有机铵阳离子原料化合物的“柱撑”剂进行处理,目的在于与层间的阳离子发生交换将起始材料的层片撑开。适用的有机铵阳离子有如正十二烷基铵、辛铵、正庚铵、正己铵和正丙铵。在这柱撑或撑胀的一步里,重要的是要维持在较低的氢离子浓度,以防金属代钛酸盐的分解,同样也防止在柱撑剂上优先吸附了氢离子。用柱撑胀剂处理时,一般pH范围在6到10,最好在7到8.5。处理之后,发现用能溶解柱撑剂的试剂洗去过量的柱撑剂,然后再用水洗是有好处的。例如在用正辛胺作柱撑剂时,乙醇与它是溶解的故能适用。这么一经洗涤可以在层状金属氧化物中夹入更多的氧化物撑柱的前体化合物。用水处理可使水渗入层间空隙,有助于下面要接着进行的氧化物撑柱的前体化合物的水解过程。
以上处理产生了层间间距增大的层状金属氧化物,这种增大取决于夹入的有机阳离子的大小。有一个实施例中,进行了一系列有机阳离子的交换。例如,一种有机阳离子可以被更大的有机阳离子所交换。因而就逐级增加了层间间距。层状氧化物与柱撑剂的接触最好是在水相介质中进行,这样水就裹夹在被柱撑了的化合物层片之间了。
离子交换之后,被有机物柱撑了的化合物用一种化合物处理,这种化合物要能够,最好是通过水解作用,转化为氧化物撑柱,最好是转化成多聚氧化物。当涉及用水解法来处理时,可以用已经存在在被有机物柱撑了的材料内的水来进行。在这种情况下,可以在加入多聚氧化物的前体化合物之前,先将被有机物柱撑的材料干燥,改变干燥的程度就可调整水解的程度。
夹入在层片之间的有机阳离子最好能够从经过撑柱后的材料中清除出去,而同时不明显影响或除去层间的多聚氧化物。例如,正辛铵之类的有机阳离子可以放在氮气或空气氛的高温下,例如灼烧,来将它除去,或者用化学氧化的方法来除去,这一步最好在层间多聚氧化物的前体化合物已经转化成多聚氧化物撑柱之后进行,这是为了要制得本发明的层状产品。
本发明的产品尤其在灼烧之后表面积很大,例如大于200、300、400或甚至600m2/g,热稳定性和水热稳定性也很高,这使得它们非常适宜于在烃转化过程例如裂解和加氢裂解中做催化剂或催化剂的担体。
按照本发明的方法,层状金属氧化物起始材料先经过一步撑胀或柱撑,在这一步里将该材料用能够在氧化物层片之间生成有机鏻或有机铵之类阳离子的有机化合物来处理。在相邻层片之间夹入有机阳离子的作用是,通过物理作用把层片分开到使得该层状材料在其层片之间能夹入电中性的、可水解的、多聚氧化物的前体化合物。尤其是已经发现烷基铵阳离子适用于本发明。于是C3和更大的烷基 铵阳离子,例如正辛铵,很容易被夹入到层状金属氧化物的层间空间中去,起来把层片撑开的作用,以致能够引入多聚氧化物的前体化合物。层片分开的程度可以靠所采用的有机铵离子的大小来控制,因而采用正丙铵阳离子就可以得到2到5
Figure 87105161_IMG7
的层间间距,而若要得到10到20 的层间间距就需要用正辛铵阳离子或相同等效长度的阳离子。事实上,有机阳离子的大小和形状能在根本上影响到它是否能够被夹入到层状结构中去。例如,块状的阳离子如四丙基铵一般说来在本方法中是不合需要的,推荐用正烷基铵阳离子,例如从正烷基伯胺衍生来的化合物和R3R′N+型阳离子,其中R是甲基或乙基以及R′是至少有5个碳原子的正烷基基团。有机阳离子的处理最好是在水相介质中进行,这样以后就有水来将下一步加入在“柱撑”了的产物中的电中性、可以水解的多聚硫属化物的前体化合物进行水解。
然后在柱撑了的或撑胀了的金属氧化物起始材料的层片之间,就生成层间氧化物撑柱,它可以是锆或钛或更好是选自周期表(菲舍尔科学公司,商品号5-702-10,1978年)上除了碳之外的第ⅣB族元素即硅、锗、锡和铅的氧化物,最好是多聚氧化物。其它可用的氧化物有第ⅤA族如Ⅴ、Nb和Ta、第ⅡA族如Mg或第ⅢB族如B的氧化物。最好的撑柱为多聚的氧化硅。此外,氧化物撑柱可以包括了在撑柱上提供有催化活性的酸性部位的元素,合适的有铝。
氧化物撑柱是从前体化合物材料生成的,而后者最好是在被有机物“柱撑”了的材料的层片之间,以适用元素(如第ⅣB族元素)的阳离子或更好是电中性的可水解的化合物形式加入的。前体化合物材料最好是一种室温条件下是液态的有机金属化合物。尤其是适用作撑柱的元素的可水解化合物,如烷氧基化物,已被用作前体化合物。可用的多聚氧化硅前体化合物材料有硅酸四烷基酯,如原硅酸四丙基酯、原硅酸四甲基酯、还有最合适的原硅酸四乙基酯。在撑柱也要求含有多聚氧化铝的场合下,则可以在柱撑后的金属代钛酸盐与硅化物接触之前、之后或同时,用可水解的铝化物与被有机物“柱撑”了的材料相接触。采用的可水解的铝化物最好是烷氧基铝,如异丙氧基铝。如果撑柱要含有氧化钛,则可采用烷氧基钛之类可水解的钛化物,如异丙氧基钛。此外,氧化物的前体化合物中可以含有沸石的前体化合物,使得在转化的条件下就可以生成层间的沸石材料,至少是氧化物撑柱中的一部分。
通过水解生成氧化物撑柱,再灼烧除去有机的柱撑剂,此后得到的最终撑柱产品可能含有残余的可交换的阳离子。层状材料中的这些残余阳离子可以用已知的方法被其它阳离子交换,从而对撑柱产物提供或改变其催化活性。可用来置换的阳离子有铯、铈、钴、镍、铜、锌、锰、铂、镧、铝、铵、水合氢离子及它们的混合物。
最后得到的撑柱产品在500℃或甚至更高的温度下都具有热稳定性,同时呈现可观的吸附容量(对H2O和C6烃可高达10到25%(重量))。当产物中金属M用的是二价金属原子如Mg、Ni、Cu和Zn时,氧化硅撑柱产品的层间间距达到12
Figure 87105161_IMG9
以上,表面积大于250m2/g。夹入三价金属离子如Sc、Mn、Fe、Cr、In、Ga和Al的氧化硅撑柱产品,其层间间距能达到6到15
Figure 87105161_IMG10
。本发明的灼烧产品,尤其是用本发明的方法制成含有层间多聚氧化物的产品,由于它们的表面积大、层间间距大、热稳定性好以及其中夹入的金属原子可以多种多样,所以适宜作石油加工的催化剂。
当用作催化剂时,则希望本发明的撑柱产品中夹入其他能够耐受有机的转化过程中用的温度和其它条件的材料,即基体。这些材料包括活性的与非活性的材料和合成的或天然存在的沸石,同样也包括粘土、氧化硅和/或金属氧化物之类的无机材料。撑柱产品与基体结合起来用,就是它们的活性的结合体,会改进某些有机转化过程中的转化率和/或催化剂的选择性。非活性材料能够起到稀释剂的作用,在给定的过程中控制转化的量,因而可以经济地制造产物,而毋须用其它方法来控制反应速度。这些材料可以加在天然存在的粘土如膨润土和高岭土里,以改进在工厂操作条件下催化剂的抗碎强度。在催化剂中,上述材料即粘土、氧化物等起粘合剂的作用。因为在工业用途中希望防止催化剂破裂成粉样的物质,所以希望制成的催化剂有良好的抗碎强度。目前采用这类粘土粘合剂一般只是为了改进催化剂的抗碎强度用的。
能与撑柱产品复合的天然粘土有蒙脱土和高岭土类,这包括次膨润土和通常称为迪克西土 (Dixie)、麦克内米土(McNamee)、佐治亚土(Georgia)和弗罗里达土(Florida)的高岭土,或者其它各种主要矿物成分为埃洛石、高岭石、地开石、珍珠陶土或蠕陶土的粘土。这类粘土以原来开采出来时的原料状态就可以使用,或者先经过灼烧、酸处理或化学改性后使用。与撑柱产品复合用的基体材料又包括无机氧化物,尤其是氧化铝或氧化硅。
除以上材料外,本发明的撑柱产品可以与多孔的基体材料例如磷酸铝、氧化硅-氧化铝、氧化硅-氧化镁、氧化硅-氧化锆、含硅氧化钍、氧化硅-氧化铍、氧化硅-氧化钛,还有三元复合物如氧化硅-氧化铝-氧化钍、氧化硅-氧化铝-氧化锆、氧化硅-氧化铝-氧化镁和氧化硅-氧化镁-氧化锆进行复合。撑柱产品微粒与无机氧化物凝胶基体的相对比例可以作较大范围的变动,撑柱产品含量可以从1到90%(重量),更通常地说尤其是在制成珠状或挤出物形状的复合物的情况下撑柱产品可占复合物的2到80%(重量)。
本发明再用以下实例和所附实例3中撑柱后的金属代钛酸盐的x射线衍射图来作进一步的介绍。这些实例中,采用铜的Kα双重态辐射的标准方法得到的x射线衍射数据。
实例1
层状金属代钛酸盐的制备
将CsNO3(53.62g,0.2751摩尔)、Ni(NO32·6H2O(40.00g,0.1375摩尔)和TiO2(51.81g,0.6482摩尔)研磨成均匀的混合物。将此固体在空气中420℃下加热3小时,接着在1000℃下灼烧12小时。该产物的x射线粉末图符合于雷德(Reid)等人对同构化合物Rb0.7(Mn0.7Ti1.3)O4报导的文献。(层间间距=8.41
Figure 87105161_IMG11
)。
表1所列出的材料也是用金属氧化物的原料化合物、碱金属碳酸盐或硝酸盐和TiO2;或碱金属的金属酸盐和TiO2一起熔融的方法来合成的。(见表1)
还制备了另外一些层状金属代钛酸盐。所用的试剂、试剂的化学配比、反应温度和持续时间列于下面的表2。先将试剂研磨成均匀混合物,然后在瓷坩埚内灼烧来进行反应。在碱金属阳离子采用钾的情况下,需要作再次研磨和再次灼烧,以求继续反应得到的层状物相具有合理的纯度。在继续反应之前,将制得的粗硬粉末研磨成100目左右。(见表2)
实例2
用与辛基氯化铵进行离子交换
的方法柱撑层状金属代钛酸盐
将实例1中制得的材料用碱金属阳离子与辛铵离子交换的方法,把它的层间间距柱撑开来。在维持反应混合物温度在50℃以下的条件下,向一个12%HCl(4.9当量HCl/摩尔层状金属氧化物)溶液内缓慢加入过量辛胺(5摩尔当量/摩尔当量的层状金属氧化物)。然后在辛基氯化铵溶液中加入层状金属代钛酸盐,混合物再回流加热24小时。
将反应混合物冷却,过滤,热的蒸馏水(体积为1.5乘以反应溶液的体积)洗涤。室温下将固体在空气中干燥。下面表3列出了柱撑后材料的组成及其从x射线衍射图中最低的2θ峰测得的d-间距。(见表3)
实例3
用原硅酸四乙基酯处理
柱撑的金属代钛酸盐
接着将实例2中用辛铵交换过的固体在乙醇中搅拌2小时,过滤,再在室温和空气中干燥2小时。然后向固体中加H2O用混合器打浆,以保证该增水性固体与水有最大程度的混合。接着把浆液转移到烧杯,搅拌过夜。混合物经过过滤再在空气中干燥4小时。
得到的滤饼用原硅酸四乙基酯(TEOS)(5g TEOS/g固体)处理72小时。浆液经过过滤,将固体在空气中干燥,就得到柱撑了的材料。将柱撑后的材料在空气中500℃灼烧4小时,于是除去辛胺,制成了分子筛。如此处理后的材料的分析数据列于以下表4。还给出了柱撑后的Cs0.57(Ni0.32Ti1.70)O4材料的x射线衍射图。(见表4)
实例4
空位钛酸盐的柱撑
本实例中,层状起始材料是实验式为Cs0.7Ti1.83O4的钛酸盐。这种材料在层片上某个钛的部位处存在空位,因而可写成通式,其中□为空位,y等于0.18。层状空位钛酸盐的制备是利用Cs2CO3和TiO2 在化学配比为1∶5.2下的高温固体反应。将所用的Cs2CO3研磨成细粉(小于100目),再在真空炉180℃下干燥和存数。TiO2不作处理就可使用。把固体(50g Cs2CO3和63.93gTiO2)研磨成均匀的混合物,再在650℃下灼烧10小时,重新研磨后在950℃下再灼烧10小时。最后将得到的产物进行研磨。
然后将30g钛酸盐产物用辛铵/HCl(摩尔比为1钛酸盐∶5辛胺∶4.9HCl)置换撑胀处理14小时。产物用1000ml H2O洗涤之后放在空气中干燥过夜。
将25g撑胀后的钛酸盐在300ml乙醇中搅拌、过滤和在空气中干燥。干燥后的固体接着在500ml水中搅拌24小时,再进行柱撑和空气中干燥过夜。得到的固体(16.4g)与100g    TEOS一起搅拌24小时,混合物经过过滤再在空气中干燥,得到18.5g固体产物。将产物在空气中500℃灼烧4小时制得需要的多孔分子筛。
表1
试剂的化学配比    金属氧化物    熔融    最低的X射线谱线
的原料化合物 温度,℃ 2θ d(
Figure 87105161_IMG12
Cs0.7(Mn0.7Ti1.3)O4CsMnO41000 10.3 8.57
Cs0.7(Sc0.7Ti1.3)O4Sc2O31000 10.3 8.57
Cs0.7(Mg0.35Ti1.65)O4MgO 1000 10.3 8.57
Rb0.7(Mn0.7Ti1.3)O4RbMnO4900 11.10 7.97
K0.8(Ni0.4Ti1.6)O4Ni(NO321050 11.4 7.76
K0.8(Cu0.4Ti1.6)O4Cu(OH)21050 11.3 7.83
Figure 87105161_IMG13
表3
正辛铵交换后金属代钛酸盐的组成
组成a,b%N d(A)c
H3O+ 0.34Cs0.22(NH3R+0.16[Mg0.35Ti1.76]O40.98 25.2
H3O+ 0.30Rb0.07(NH3R+0.43[Mn0.79Ti1.39]O42.24 24.5
H3O+ 0.43Cs0.23(NH3R+0.10[Mn0.76Ti1.37]O40.60 23.2
H3O+ 0.33Cs0.12(NH3R+0.21[Al0.66Ti1.38]O41.25 24.5
H3O+ 0.11Cs0.14(NH3R+0.44[Ni0.35Ti1.75]O42.40 23.9
H3O+ 0.39K0.15(NH3R+0.37[Mg0.46Ti1.69]O42.04 25.2
H3O+ 0.33K0.03(NH3R+0.56[Zn0.46Ti1.75]O42.68 24.6
H3O+ 0.15K0.19(NH3R+0.43[Fe0.78Ti1.39]O42.31 24.5
H3O+ 0.31K0.17(NH3R+0.34[Mn0.82Ti1.30]O41.97 24.8
aR=C8H17
bH3O+含量的测定是从与金属-钛层片的负电荷平衡的总电荷中扣去Cs和NH3R含量后得到的。
cd-从X射线衍射图中最低的2θ峰得到的层间间距。
表4
含有    含有层间多聚氧化
硅的金属代钛酸盐
M 起始的层状 层间 %金属 %SiO2残余阳离
金属代钛酸盐 间距(
Figure 87105161_IMG14
a子Ab(%)
Ni Cs0.57(Ni0.32Ti1.70)O415.7 7.2 23.2 7.1
Mg K0.73(Mg0.39Ti1.62)O414.9 5.2 - 2.9
Zn K0.66(Zn0.35Ti1.49)O414.6 12.9 - 0.45
Al Cs0.72(Al0.53Ti1.42)O410.2 9.9 8.5 8.3
Fe K0.69(Fe0.73Ti1.28)O48.6 16.1 19.6 3.0
Mn K0.69(Mn0.79Ti1.23)O45.5 19.9 21.3 2.6
ad-粉末衍射法得到的间距减去金属氧化物层片的厚度
b分子筛中,A=碱金属原子的含量。

Claims (9)

1、一种层状产品的制备方法,该产品包括层状金属氧化物和从元素周期表的第ⅠB、ⅡB、ⅢA、ⅢB、ⅣA、ⅣB(C除外)、ⅤA、ⅤB(N、p除外)、ⅥA、ⅦA和ⅧA族中选用至少一种元素的氧化物撑柱,此撑柱将各金属氧化物的层片分开。其中每层金属氧化物的通式为:
其中M为至少一种价数为n的金属,n为0至7之间的整数,□代表空位,z为四价金属,并且其中
q=4y-x(n-4)
0<x+y<2
所述方法包括:
·借助于在层状金属氧化物的层间阴离子位置处层之间引入有机阳离子物质,从而把金属氧化物的层与层靠物理作用而分开;
·在层状氧化物已被分开的层之间引入能够转化为氧化物的化合物;
·将该化合物转化为氧化物,形成将层状氧化物的相邻层分开的氧化物撑柱。
2、按权利要求1的方法,其中n为2或3。
3、按权利要求1的方法,其中z是钛。
4、按权利要求3的方法,其中y为0。
5、按权利要求1的方法,其中q为0.6-0.9。
6、按权利要求1的方法,其中M选自Mg、Sc、Mn、Fe、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、In、Ca和Al。
7、按权利要求1的方法,其中所述化合物是转化成为包含多聚氧化物的撑柱。
8、按权利要求1的方法,其中所述化合物是转化成为包含多聚氧化硅的撑柱。
9、按权利要求1的方法,其中所述有机阳离子物质是烷基铵阳离子。
CN87105161A 1986-06-27 1987-06-27 含有层间氧化物的层状金属氧化物制备方法 Expired CN1016677B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US879,787 1986-06-27
US06/879,787 US4859648A (en) 1984-12-28 1986-06-27 Layered metal chalcogenides containing interspathic polymeric chalcogenides

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN87105161A CN87105161A (zh) 1988-02-24
CN1016677B true CN1016677B (zh) 1992-05-20

Family

ID=25374891

Family Applications (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN87105159A Expired CN1014233B (zh) 1986-06-27 1987-06-27 烯烃的齐聚
CN87105161A Expired CN1016677B (zh) 1986-06-27 1987-06-27 含有层间氧化物的层状金属氧化物制备方法
CN87105160A Expired CN1016772B (zh) 1986-06-27 1987-06-27 含有层间氧化物的层状金属氧化物制备方法
CN87105158A Expired CN1016771B (zh) 1986-06-27 1987-06-27 含有层间硫属化物的层状金属硫属化物的制备方法
CN87105162A Expired CN1016773B (zh) 1986-06-27 1987-06-27 层状硅酸盐制备方法

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN87105159A Expired CN1014233B (zh) 1986-06-27 1987-06-27 烯烃的齐聚

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN87105160A Expired CN1016772B (zh) 1986-06-27 1987-06-27 含有层间氧化物的层状金属氧化物制备方法
CN87105158A Expired CN1016771B (zh) 1986-06-27 1987-06-27 含有层间硫属化物的层状金属硫属化物的制备方法
CN87105162A Expired CN1016773B (zh) 1986-06-27 1987-06-27 层状硅酸盐制备方法

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US4859648A (zh)
EP (5) EP0271575B1 (zh)
JP (4) JP2554685B2 (zh)
CN (5) CN1014233B (zh)
AU (5) AU597394B2 (zh)
BR (4) BR8707359A (zh)
CA (5) CA1270001A (zh)
DK (5) DK171313B1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2004430A6 (zh)
IN (1) IN169964B (zh)
MY (1) MY102860A (zh)
NZ (4) NZ220619A (zh)
WO (5) WO1988000176A1 (zh)
ZA (5) ZA874646B (zh)

Families Citing this family (128)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ214538A (en) * 1984-12-28 1989-04-26 Mobil Oil Corp Layered product having layers separated by polymeric pillars
US4968652A (en) * 1985-11-12 1990-11-06 Mobil Oil Corporation Pillared layered silicate compositions containing pillars of silica and metal oxide and their preparation
US5128303A (en) * 1986-06-27 1992-07-07 Mobil Oil Corporation Layered metal oxides containing interlayer oxides and their synthesis
US4980047A (en) * 1987-03-05 1990-12-25 Uop Stable intercalated clays and preparation method
US4995964A (en) * 1987-03-05 1991-02-26 Uop Midbarrel hydrocracking process employing rare earth pillared clays
IN170688B (zh) * 1987-03-23 1992-05-02 Mobil Oil Corp
JP2519465B2 (ja) * 1987-08-05 1996-07-31 株式会社資生堂 複合粉体及びその製造方法
US4935573A (en) * 1987-09-02 1990-06-19 Mobil Oil Corporation Aromatization process and catalyst utilizing a mixture of shape-selective porous crystalline silicate zeolite and pillared layered metal oxide
US4933310A (en) * 1987-09-02 1990-06-12 Mobil Oil Corporation Aromatization process and catalyst utilizing a mixture of shape-selective porous crystalline silicate zeolite and pillared layered metal oxide
US4895638A (en) * 1987-12-30 1990-01-23 Mobil Oil Corporation Catalytic cracking process
US4929587A (en) * 1988-01-04 1990-05-29 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for intercalating organic-swelled layered metal chalcogenide with polymer chalcogenide by treatment with polymeric chalcogenide precursor in inert atmosphere
US5200378A (en) * 1988-01-11 1993-04-06 The Texas A&M University System Pillaring of layered compounds
US5017537A (en) * 1988-01-11 1991-05-21 The Texas A&M University System Pillaring of layered compounds
FR2632624B1 (fr) * 1988-06-10 1990-09-28 Rhone Poulenc Chimie Procede de fabrication d'oxydes metalliques a structure lamellaire pontee oxydes metalliques obtenus, oxyde de vanadium et son application comme catalyseur dans l'hydroxylation du phenol
AU610615B2 (en) * 1988-08-17 1991-05-23 Mobil Oil Corporation Aromatization process and catalysts utilizing mixture of shape-selective porous crystalline silicatezeolite and pillard layered titanometallate
US5012026A (en) * 1989-02-14 1991-04-30 Mobil Oil Corp. Turbulent fluid bed paraffin conversion process
WO1990011827A1 (en) * 1989-04-13 1990-10-18 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for intercalating organic-swelled layered metal chalcogenide with a polymeric chalcogenide by plural treatments with polymeric chalcogenide precursor
AU621381B2 (en) * 1989-04-27 1992-03-12 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for intercalating organic-swelled layered metal chalcogenide with polymer chalcogenide
US5105042A (en) * 1989-05-30 1992-04-14 Mobil Oil Corp. Sulfated layered titanium oxide catalysts in process for preparing long chain alkyl aromatic compounds
US5043508A (en) * 1989-05-30 1991-08-27 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for preparing long chain alkyl aromatic compounds
US4912277A (en) * 1989-05-30 1990-03-27 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for preparing long chain alkyl aromatic compounds
US5037530A (en) * 1989-08-22 1991-08-06 Mobil Oil Corporation Catalytic cracking with layered silicates
US5183559A (en) * 1989-08-22 1993-02-02 Mobil Oil Corp. Rare earth exchanged layered silicate catalysts
US5236681A (en) * 1989-11-30 1993-08-17 Mobil Oil Corp. Layered silicate
US5571508A (en) * 1989-12-18 1996-11-05 Amrad Corporation Limited Method for the treatment of thrombocytopenia and pharmaceutical compositions useful therefor
US4956517A (en) * 1989-12-29 1990-09-11 Mobil Oil Corporation Dehydrogenation process utilizing a pillared layered silicate plus a base metal or noble metal
US5008481A (en) * 1989-12-29 1991-04-16 Mobil Oil Corporation Aromatization process utilizing a pillared layered silicate plus a base metal or noble metal
US5026921A (en) * 1989-12-21 1991-06-25 Mobil Oil Corporation Aromatization process utilizing a pillared layered silicate plus gallium or zinc
US5068216A (en) * 1989-12-29 1991-11-26 Mobil Oil Corporation Pillaring layered silicates with a mixture of swelling agent and pillar precursor
US5300277A (en) * 1990-01-25 1994-04-05 Mobil Oil Corporation Synthesis of mesoporous crystalline material
US5215737A (en) * 1990-01-25 1993-06-01 Mobil Oil Corp. Synthesis of mesoporous aluminosilicate
US5183561A (en) * 1990-01-25 1993-02-02 Mobil Oil Corp. Demetallation of hydrocarbon feedstocks with a synthetic mesoporous crystalline material
US5174888A (en) * 1990-01-25 1992-12-29 Mobil Oil Corp. Catalytic conversion
US5108725A (en) * 1990-01-25 1992-04-28 Mobil Oil Corp. Synthesis of mesoporous crystalline material
US5370785A (en) * 1990-01-25 1994-12-06 Mobil Oil Corp. Hydrocarbon conversion process employing a porous material
US5102643A (en) * 1990-01-25 1992-04-07 Mobil Oil Corp. Composition of synthetic porous crystalline material, its synthesis
US5211934A (en) * 1990-01-25 1993-05-18 Mobil Oil Corp. Synthesis of mesoporous aluminosilicate
US5250282A (en) * 1990-01-25 1993-10-05 Mobil Oil Corp. Use of amphiphilic compounds to produce novel classes of crystalline oxide materials
US5196633A (en) * 1990-01-25 1993-03-23 Mobil Oil Corp. Catalytic conversion
US5304363A (en) * 1990-01-25 1994-04-19 Mobil Oil Corp. Porous materials
US5198203A (en) * 1990-01-25 1993-03-30 Mobil Oil Corp. Synthetic mesoporous crystalline material
US5057296A (en) * 1990-12-10 1991-10-15 Mobil Oil Corp. Method for synthesizing mesoporous crystalline material
US5334368A (en) * 1990-01-25 1994-08-02 Mobil Oil Corp. Synthesis of mesoporous oxide
DE69119759T2 (de) * 1990-03-20 1997-01-16 Amrad Corp Ltd Verfahren zur steuerung der neuronentwicklung und des neuronunterhalts
GR1000178B (el) * 1990-07-03 1992-01-20 Athanasios Lantavos Meθοδος παρενθεσης τεμαχιδιων περοβσκιτων υπο την μορφη στηλισκων σε φυλλομορφους πηλους.
US5137707A (en) * 1990-10-22 1992-08-11 Mobil Oil Corp. Removal of organic from pillared layered materials by acid treatment
US5155076A (en) * 1991-01-02 1992-10-13 Mobil Oil Corp. Vacancy titanates intercalated with cationic hydroxy aluminum complexes
US5256617A (en) * 1991-01-02 1993-10-26 Mobil Oil Corp. Vacancy titanates intercalated with cationic hydroxy aluminum complexes
US5250277A (en) * 1991-01-11 1993-10-05 Mobil Oil Corp. Crystalline oxide material
EP0566680B1 (en) * 1991-01-11 1998-04-29 Mobil Oil Corporation Layered oxide materials and swollen and pillared forms thereof
US5310715A (en) * 1991-01-11 1994-05-10 Mobil Oil Corp. Method for preparing a pillared layered oxide material
US5229341A (en) * 1991-01-11 1993-07-20 Mobil Oil Corp. Crystalline oxide material
US5364999A (en) * 1991-01-11 1994-11-15 Mobil Oil Corp. Organic conversion with a catalyst comprising a crystalline pillared oxide material
CA2098395A1 (en) * 1991-01-11 1992-07-12 Charles Theodore Kresge Method of preparing a pillared layered oxide material
US5296428A (en) * 1991-01-11 1994-03-22 Mobil Oil Corp. Catalyst comprising MCM-36 and a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component
JP3307406B2 (ja) * 1991-01-14 2002-07-24 株式会社豊田中央研究所 層状シリカ−金属酸化物多孔体の製造方法
US5236882A (en) * 1991-01-22 1993-08-17 Mobil Oil Corp. Catalyst comprising a hydrogenation metal and a delaminated layered silicate
US5137861A (en) * 1991-01-22 1992-08-11 Mobil Oil Corp. Catalyst comprising a hydrogenation metal and a delaminated layered silicate
US5191148A (en) * 1991-05-06 1993-03-02 Mobil Oil Corporation Isoparaffin/olefin alkylation
US5156828A (en) * 1991-07-18 1992-10-20 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for manufacturing synthetic mesoporous crystalline material
US5143879A (en) * 1991-07-18 1992-09-01 Mobil Oil Corporation Method to recover organic templates from freshly synthesized molecular sieves
US5146030A (en) * 1991-07-22 1992-09-08 Texaco Chemical Company Process for oligomerizing olefins using halogen-free titanium salts or halogen-free zirconium salts on clays
US5286367A (en) * 1991-09-03 1994-02-15 Uop Hydrocarbon conversion process using a gallium/germanium dioctahedral smectite clay
US5266541A (en) * 1991-12-20 1993-11-30 Mobil Oil Corp. Crystalline oxide material
US5283043A (en) * 1992-04-16 1994-02-01 Mobil Oil Corp. Direct crystallization of organic-swelled layered silicates and preparation of layered silicates containing interlayer polymeric chalcogenides therefrom
US5258565A (en) * 1992-05-04 1993-11-02 Mobil Oil Corp. Process for preparing short chain alkylaromatic compounds
US5278115A (en) * 1992-05-04 1994-01-11 Mobil Oil Corp. Method for preparing a pillared layered oxide material
US5231233A (en) * 1992-05-04 1993-07-27 Mobil Oil Corp. Process for the hydration of olefins
US5258566A (en) * 1992-05-04 1993-11-02 Mobil Oil Corp. Process for preparing long chain alkylaromatic compounds
US5278116A (en) * 1992-05-04 1994-01-11 Mobil Oil Corp. Method for preparing a pillared layered oxide material
US5231235A (en) * 1992-06-01 1993-07-27 Mobil Oil Corp. Process for preparing ethers
US5294330A (en) * 1992-08-12 1994-03-15 Mobil Oil Corp. Hydrocracking process with a catalyst comprising MCM-36
US5326922A (en) * 1992-08-13 1994-07-05 Mobil Oil Corp. Hydrogen transfer process
US5258569A (en) * 1992-08-13 1993-11-02 Mobil Oil Corp. Isoparaffin-olefin alkylation process with zeolite MCM-36
US5461182A (en) * 1992-08-13 1995-10-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Hydrogen transfer and isoparaffin-olefin alkylation process
US5462905A (en) * 1992-08-21 1995-10-31 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas purifying catalyst
US5243114A (en) * 1992-09-08 1993-09-07 Mobil Oil Corporation Oligomerization of alpha-olefins over layered silicate compositions containing pillars of silica and group VIB metal oxide
US5308602A (en) * 1992-10-13 1994-05-03 Mobil Oil Corp. Synthesis of crystalline ultra-large pore oxide materials
US5264641A (en) * 1992-12-14 1993-11-23 Mobil Oil Corp. Aromatics saturation with catalysts comprising crystalline ultra-large pore oxide materials
US5321190A (en) * 1992-12-17 1994-06-14 Mobil Oil Corp. Oligomerization of ethylene with a supported nickel catalyst
US5344553A (en) * 1993-02-22 1994-09-06 Mobil Oil Corporation Upgrading of a hydrocarbon feedstock utilizing a graded, mesoporous catalyst system
DE4326938A1 (de) * 1993-08-11 1995-02-16 Tridelta Gmbh Wabenförmiger keramischer Katalysator zur Oxidation von Kohlenwasserstoffen und halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen
US5583277A (en) * 1994-10-03 1996-12-10 Mobil Oil Corporation Removal of large molecules from a fluid
IT1285562B1 (it) * 1996-02-12 1998-06-18 Univ Bologna Composti ad attivita' di fissaggio di gas
AU710518B2 (en) * 1996-02-12 1999-09-23 Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche Catalysts for the full oxidation of volatile organic compounds
JP3899546B2 (ja) * 1996-03-11 2007-03-28 株式会社豊田中央研究所 層状有機チタノシリケートおよび層状有機チタノシリケートの成形体
US5726113A (en) * 1996-03-19 1998-03-10 Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University Porous clay heterostructures prepared by gallery templated synthesis
FR2769611B1 (fr) * 1997-10-13 1999-12-03 Inst Francais Du Petrole Phyllosilicates 2:1 dioctaedriques pontes a grande distance reticulaire
FR2769520B1 (fr) * 1997-10-13 1999-12-03 Inst Francais Du Petrole Catalyseur comprenant un phyllosilicate 2:1 dioctaedrique ponte a grande distance reticulaire et procede de conversion de charges petrolieres hydrocarbonees
EP0908233A1 (fr) * 1997-10-13 1999-04-14 Institut Français du Pétrole Phyllosilicate 2:1 dioctaedrique ponte à grande distance réticulaire, catalyseur et procédé de conversion
FR2771308B1 (fr) * 1997-11-25 1999-12-31 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede d'isomerisation des normales paraffines c5-c10 utilisant un phyllosilicate 2:1 dioctaedrique ponte a grande distance reticulaire
KR20010012693A (ko) * 1998-03-20 2001-02-26 가즈토 도미나가 올레핀 중합체 제조 촉매 및 올레핀 중합체의 제조 방법
US6656439B2 (en) 1998-07-31 2003-12-02 Université Catholique de Louvain Pillared trioctahedral micas and/or vermiculites
EP0976449A1 (en) * 1998-07-31 2000-02-02 Universite Catholique De Louvain Pillaring of triocthahedral micas and vermiculites
US6300269B1 (en) 1998-07-31 2001-10-09 Universite Catholique De Louvain Pillaring of trioctahedral micas and vermiculites
US6399535B1 (en) 1999-11-01 2002-06-04 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Coordination catalyst systems employing agglomerated metal oxide/clay support-activator and method of their preparation
US6559090B1 (en) 1999-11-01 2003-05-06 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Metallocene and constrained geometry catalyst systems employing agglomerated metal oxide/clay support-activator and method of their preparation
DE60003461T2 (de) 1999-11-23 2004-05-06 UNIVERSITé LAVAL Mesoporöses zeolithisches material mit mikroporösen kristallinen mesoporenwänden
US7063825B2 (en) * 2000-04-14 2006-06-20 The Dow Chemical Company Synthetic platy magadiite and octasilicate
US7479264B2 (en) * 2001-04-12 2009-01-20 The Dow Chmeical Company Synthetic platy magadiite and octasilicate
US6943224B2 (en) 2001-04-30 2005-09-13 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Process for preparing supported transition metal catalyst systems and catalyst systems prepared thereby
US6734131B2 (en) 2001-04-30 2004-05-11 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Heterogeneous chromium catalysts and processes of polymerization of olefins using same
US6927261B2 (en) 2001-04-30 2005-08-09 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Method of making supported transition metal polymerization catalysts and compositions formed therefrom
ATE337343T1 (de) 2001-04-30 2006-09-15 Grace W R & Co Geträgerte dualübergangsmetallkatalysatorsysteme
KR100880476B1 (ko) 2001-04-30 2009-01-28 더블유.알. 그레이스 앤드 캄파니-콘. 크롬 지지체-응집물을 사용하는 배위 촉매 시스템 및 그의제조방법
ATE423081T1 (de) 2001-08-20 2009-03-15 Otsuka Chemical Co Ltd Schichtförmige titansäure, lamellare titansäure, lamellares titanoxid und verfahren zur herstellung von lamellarer titansäure
PL375532A1 (en) * 2002-08-08 2005-11-28 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Benzimidazol-1-yl-thiophene compounds for the treatment of cancer
US7151073B2 (en) 2004-01-16 2006-12-19 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Mesoporous catalyst support, a catalyst system, and method of making and using same for olefin polymerization
FR2865725B1 (fr) * 2004-01-29 2006-03-17 Inst Francais Du Petrole Methode de synthese de solides lamellaires a partir d'un structurant organique de type amino-alcool
PL1577282T3 (pl) 2004-02-26 2011-11-30 Rimtec Corp Kompleksy metali do stosowania w metatezie olefin i reakcjach przeniesienia atomu lub grupy
FR2869894B1 (fr) * 2004-05-10 2007-02-23 Inst Francais Du Petrole Methode de synthese de metalloaluminosilicate cristallise par synthese directe
US7223831B2 (en) * 2004-10-26 2007-05-29 Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. Biodegradable resin composition
CA2620019A1 (en) 2005-08-22 2007-03-01 Viacatt N.V. Multicoordinated metal complexes for use in metathesis reactions
FR2909905B1 (fr) 2006-12-15 2009-02-06 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de preparation de magdiite ou kenyaite a partir d'un structurant orgnanique comp0rtant deux fonctions alcools terminales.
FR2909991B1 (fr) 2006-12-15 2009-02-06 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de preparation de magadiite a partir d'un structurant organique de type diammonium quaternaire.
FR2918049B1 (fr) * 2007-06-28 2009-10-16 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de preparation de magadiite a partir du structurant n,n,n',n',-tetramethyl-n,n'-dibenzylhexanediammonium.
US9365430B2 (en) 2007-10-26 2016-06-14 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Method of making M41S family molecular sieve
CN101676032B (zh) * 2008-09-16 2013-02-06 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 具有离子交换性能的锗-锑微孔硫化物及其制备方法和用途
GB2486202A (en) * 2010-12-06 2012-06-13 Cambridge Display Tech Ltd Adhesion layer for solution-processed transition metal oxides on inert metal contacts of organic thin film transistors.
US9249166B1 (en) 2011-12-02 2016-02-02 Sandia Corporation Delaminated sodium nonatitanate and a method for producing delaminated sodium nonatitanate
CN103204505B (zh) * 2012-01-13 2015-03-18 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种制备含铝层状水羟硅钠石的方法
CN105819460B (zh) * 2015-01-04 2018-09-14 神华集团有限责任公司 一种氢型层柱皂石及其制备方法和应用
CN105502422A (zh) * 2016-01-27 2016-04-20 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所 一种类蛭石结构纳米层状硅酸盐材料的制备方法
CN107185560B (zh) * 2017-06-02 2019-05-17 钦州学院 一种烯烃齐聚催化剂及制备方法
KR102121436B1 (ko) 2017-06-27 2020-06-10 주식회사 엘지화학 칼코겐 화합물, 이의 제조 방법, 및 이를 포함하는 열전소자
WO2019173287A1 (en) * 2018-03-05 2019-09-12 The Penn State Research Foundation Porous composites and methods of making and using the same
CN109174143B (zh) * 2018-10-26 2021-08-03 江苏大学 一种钙钛矿基复合纳米光催化材料及制备方法与用途
CN111744543B (zh) * 2020-06-08 2023-03-31 太原理工大学 烯烃叠合制备航空煤油催化剂及其制备工艺、烯烃叠合工艺

Family Cites Families (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3063807A (en) * 1960-02-23 1962-11-13 Glidden Co Purification of water-insoluble solids by ion exchange
US3244643A (en) * 1965-02-03 1966-04-05 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Method of preparing supported crystalline aluminosilicate composition
US3914383A (en) * 1966-08-25 1975-10-21 Sun Research Development Dy zeolite hydrocarbon conversion catalyst
US3677971A (en) * 1970-03-09 1972-07-18 Chevron Res Hydrotreating catalyst
BE840444A (fr) * 1975-04-08 1976-10-07 Compositions catalytiques d'oxyhalogenures de metaux ayant une structure de perovskite
CA1077011A (en) * 1975-04-08 1980-05-06 Elrey L. Mccann (Iii) Catalytic metal oxides on perovskite supports
US4065380A (en) * 1975-10-17 1977-12-27 Gulf Research & Development Company Hydrodenitrification using a tungsten containing Ni-SMM composite catalyst
GB1528982A (en) * 1976-06-11 1978-10-18 British Petroleum Co Desulphurisation catalysts
GB1604190A (en) * 1977-06-13 1981-12-02 Grace W R & Co Interlayered smectite clay for use as catalyst
JPS5429479A (en) * 1977-08-05 1979-03-05 Tamotsu Nose Prefabricated hopper
JPS5429435A (en) * 1977-08-08 1979-03-05 Delta Kogyo Kk Reclining device
US4248739A (en) * 1979-09-04 1981-02-03 W. R. Grace & Co. Stabilized pillared interlayered clays
IT1127311B (it) * 1979-12-21 1986-05-21 Anic Spa Materiale sintetico,cristallino,poroso costituito da ossidi di silicio e titanio,metodo per la sua preparazione e suoi usi
FR2496095B1 (fr) * 1980-12-15 1985-11-15 Shell Int Research Procede de preparation d'un melange hydrocarbone a partir d'un melange h2/co
US4367163A (en) * 1981-04-15 1983-01-04 Research Corporation Silica-clay complexes
US4599470A (en) * 1982-11-18 1986-07-08 The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. Process for the transalkylation or dealkylation of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons
GB8303740D0 (en) * 1983-02-10 1983-03-16 British Petroleum Co Plc Production of low molecular weight polymers
US4454244A (en) * 1983-03-28 1984-06-12 Ashland Oil, Inc. New compositions
DE3340569A1 (de) * 1983-11-09 1985-05-23 Sued Chemie Ag Katalysator zur herstellung von synthesegas bzw. von wasserstoff und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
US4528414A (en) * 1983-11-15 1985-07-09 Union Carbide Corporation Olefin oligomerization
US4515901A (en) * 1983-11-17 1985-05-07 Texaco Inc. Method of preparing pillared, interlayered clay catalyst using soluble carbohydrates
US4510257A (en) * 1983-12-08 1985-04-09 Shell Oil Company Silica-clay complexes
GB8400271D0 (en) * 1984-01-06 1984-02-08 British Petroleum Co Plc Treatment of layered clay
US4629713A (en) * 1984-01-20 1986-12-16 Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology Finely porous clay formed preponderantly of spectite type mineral and method for manufacture of said clay
GB2153902A (en) 1984-02-10 1985-08-29 Ronald Michael Tipene Securing devices
DE3405257C2 (de) 1984-02-15 1986-05-22 Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co Maschinenfabrik, 5210 Troisdorf Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Strangpressen einer mehrschichtigen Kunststoffbahn
JPS61501981A (ja) * 1984-04-26 1986-09-11 ユニオン カ−バイド コ−ポレ−シヨン チタン−シリケ−ト組成物
US4717513A (en) * 1984-04-27 1988-01-05 Shell Oil Company Silica intercalated crystalline zirconium phosphate-type materials
US4579832A (en) * 1984-10-10 1986-04-01 University Of Utah Class of hydroprocessing catalysts and preparation methods
US4637992A (en) * 1984-12-17 1987-01-20 Shell Oil Company Intercalated clay compositions
NZ214538A (en) * 1984-12-28 1989-04-26 Mobil Oil Corp Layered product having layers separated by polymeric pillars
US4600503A (en) * 1984-12-28 1986-07-15 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for hydrotreating residual petroleum oil
US4593013A (en) * 1985-03-26 1986-06-03 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Layered compounds of perovskite related oxides and organic bases
US4637991A (en) * 1985-06-10 1987-01-20 Phillips Petroleum Company Pillared interlayered clays
US4650779A (en) * 1985-07-15 1987-03-17 Mobil Oil Corporation Regeneration of pillared clays with gas containing a small amount of ammonia
ZA867945B (en) * 1985-11-12 1988-05-25 Mobil Oil Corp Layered silicates
US4980333A (en) 1986-06-27 1990-12-25 Mobil Oil Corporation Perovskite-related layered oxides containing interspathic polymeric oxide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1270001A (en) 1990-06-05
CA1283647C (en) 1991-04-30
DK101488D0 (da) 1988-02-26
WO1988000091A1 (en) 1988-01-14
CA1287611C (en) 1991-08-13
AU7782187A (en) 1988-01-29
CN1016773B (zh) 1992-05-27
AU598840B2 (en) 1990-07-05
AU7643687A (en) 1988-01-29
CN87105158A (zh) 1988-03-09
NZ220620A (en) 1989-09-27
EP0271575A1 (en) 1988-06-22
JPS63503539A (ja) 1988-12-22
WO1988000090A1 (en) 1988-01-14
EP0270659A1 (en) 1988-06-15
CN87105159A (zh) 1988-03-23
EP0270659B1 (en) 1990-08-29
CN87105161A (zh) 1988-02-24
EP0271563A4 (en) 1988-07-21
BR8707359A (pt) 1988-09-13
CA1287612C (en) 1991-08-13
BR8707357A (pt) 1988-09-13
DK101688A (da) 1988-03-18
CN87105162A (zh) 1988-02-17
JPH01500192A (ja) 1989-01-26
DK101688D0 (da) 1988-02-26
CN1016771B (zh) 1992-05-27
CA1283646C (en) 1991-04-30
AU7590087A (en) 1988-01-29
AU7587087A (en) 1988-01-29
EP0271575B1 (en) 1990-04-11
ZA874646B (en) 1989-02-22
DK101588D0 (da) 1988-02-26
IN169964B (zh) 1992-01-18
AU7641687A (en) 1988-01-29
NZ220617A (en) 1989-12-21
AU598295B2 (en) 1990-06-21
MY102860A (en) 1993-03-31
JPH01500186A (ja) 1989-01-26
EP0271575A4 (en) 1988-07-25
JP2554685B2 (ja) 1996-11-13
ZA874645B (en) 1989-02-22
DK101588A (da) 1988-02-26
EP0272306A4 (en) 1988-07-21
EP0272306A1 (en) 1988-06-29
EP0295269A4 (en) 1988-07-21
EP0270659A4 (en) 1988-07-21
US4859648A (en) 1989-08-22
ZA874647B (en) 1989-02-22
AU600498B2 (en) 1990-08-16
WO1988000093A1 (en) 1988-01-14
DK171313B1 (da) 1996-09-02
EP0271563B1 (en) 1990-08-29
ZA874644B (en) 1989-02-22
BR8707360A (pt) 1988-09-13
NZ220619A (en) 1989-07-27
DK171265B1 (da) 1996-08-19
CN1016772B (zh) 1992-05-27
DK171312B1 (da) 1996-09-02
AU597394B2 (en) 1990-05-31
WO1988000092A1 (en) 1988-01-14
EP0271563A1 (en) 1988-06-22
ES2004430A6 (es) 1989-01-01
DK101388A (da) 1988-02-26
BR8707362A (pt) 1988-09-13
DK101288D0 (da) 1988-02-26
DK101288A (da) 1988-02-26
DK101488A (da) 1988-02-26
CN87105160A (zh) 1988-03-09
JP2653805B2 (ja) 1997-09-17
EP0295269A1 (en) 1988-12-21
DK101388D0 (da) 1988-02-26
AU597395B2 (en) 1990-05-31
WO1988000176A1 (en) 1988-01-14
NZ220621A (en) 1989-10-27
EP0295269B1 (en) 1990-03-21
CN1014233B (zh) 1991-10-09
JPS63503538A (ja) 1988-12-22
EP0272306B1 (en) 1990-08-29
ZA874648B (en) 1989-02-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1016677B (zh) 含有层间氧化物的层状金属氧化物制备方法
Forster et al. Hybrid inorganic–organic solids: an emerging class of nanoporous catalysts
US4831005A (en) Method for intercalating organic-swelled layered metal chalcogenide with a polymeric chalcogenide by plural treatments with polymeric chalcogenide precursor
JP3322115B2 (ja) シリカ多孔体の製造方法
JP2008520537A (ja) Itq−27、新規結晶性微孔性材料
CN101863490B (zh) 晶粒大小小于5μm的全硅β沸石的合成方法
CN101239325B (zh) 蒙脱土/zsm-5分子筛复合材料及其制备方法
CN101172244A (zh) 蒙脱土/y分子筛复合材料及其制备方法
JP3902260B2 (ja) 金属ハロゲン化物担持メソポア材料、金属水酸化物担持メソポア材料、金属酸化物担持メソポア材料、金属担持メソポア材料およびこれらの製造方法
JPH0859226A (ja) 合成混合層ケイ酸塩及びその製造方法
JP2656778B2 (ja) 層間酸化物を含有する層状金属酸化物およびそれらの合成
CN1142826C (zh) 大晶格参数桥连蒙脱石2:1型双八面体层状构造硅酸盐,催化剂与转化方法
US5128303A (en) Layered metal oxides containing interlayer oxides and their synthesis
CN111099610B (zh) Stf沸石分子筛的制备方法
CN1092038A (zh) 合成二八面体蒙脱石粘土
NZ206144A (en) Titanium,zirconium and/or hafnium containing zeolites
JP4590552B2 (ja) 遷移金属含有メソポーラスシリカ及びその製造方法
JP2002507184A (ja) アクチニド含有モレキュラーシーブ
EP0419581A1 (en) Method for intercalating organic-swelled layered metal chalcogenide with a polymeric chalcogenide by plural treatments with polymeric chalcogenide precursor
JP3726124B2 (ja) ジアルキルカーボネートの製造方法
JP3726123B2 (ja) ジアルキルカーボネートの製造法
EP0411053A1 (en) Method for intercalating organic-swelled layered metal chalcogenide with polymer chalcogenide
Gowthami Preparation and characterization of amorphous silica and metal modified silica catalyst from rice husk
EP0422013A4 (en) Method for intercalating organic-swelled layered metal chalcogenide with polymer chalogenide by treatment with organic, hydrolyzable, polymeric chalcogenide precursor wherein organic hydrolysis by-products are removed

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C13 Decision
GR02 Examined patent application
AD01 Patent right deemed abandoned
C20 Patent right or utility model deemed to be abandoned or is abandoned