CN101454035A - 注射装置 - Google Patents

注射装置 Download PDF

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CN101454035A
CN101454035A CNA200780020035XA CN200780020035A CN101454035A CN 101454035 A CN101454035 A CN 101454035A CN A200780020035X A CNA200780020035X A CN A200780020035XA CN 200780020035 A CN200780020035 A CN 200780020035A CN 101454035 A CN101454035 A CN 101454035A
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J·P·科里根
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    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
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    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
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    • A61M5/20Automatic syringes, e.g. with automatically actuated piston rod, with automatic needle injection, filling automatically
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    • A61M5/20Automatic syringes, e.g. with automatically actuated piston rod, with automatic needle injection, filling automatically
    • A61M2005/206With automatic needle insertion
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/20Automatic syringes, e.g. with automatically actuated piston rod, with automatic needle injection, filling automatically
    • A61M2005/2073Automatic syringes, e.g. with automatically actuated piston rod, with automatic needle injection, filling automatically preventing premature release, e.g. by making use of a safety lock
    • A61M2005/208Release is possible only when device is pushed against the skin, e.g. using a trigger which is blocked or inactive when the device is not pushed against the skin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M5/31Details
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    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/31Details
    • A61M5/32Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/3243Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel
    • A61M5/326Fully automatic sleeve extension, i.e. in which triggering of the sleeve does not require a deliberate action by the user

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Abstract

本发明描述了一种注射装置(110),其包括用于容纳带有针(118)的注射器(114)的外壳(112),其中,所述注射器支撑在注射器托架(150)中。所述注射器(114)和注射器托架(150)通过复位弹簧(126)从伸出位置偏压到缩回位置,在伸出位置,针(118)经由出口孔(128)从外壳(112)伸出,在缩回位置,针不从外壳伸出。驱动弹簧(130)通过驱动器作用,将注射器(114)从其缩回位置推进到其伸出位置,并通过针(118)排出其内容物;以及当驱动器已到达名义复位位置时被置于工作的复位弹簧(126)使注射器(114)回到其缩回位置。注射器托架(150)被设计用来限制注射器向后运动,从而同以前的装置相比,可以使注射装置更不易出现部件故障和损坏。

Description

注射装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种注射装置,该注射装置容纳注射器,通过出口孔伸出注射器,排出注射器的内容物,并且然后将注射器自动地缩回。
背景技术
具有该一般性描述的装置已在WO 95/35126和EP-A-0 516 473中示出了,且这些装置往往是采用驱动弹簧和某种形式的释放机构,一旦认定注射器的内容物已经被排出,该释放机构将注射器从驱动弹簧的作用中释放,以允许注射器通过复位弹簧缩回。
通常,这类注射装置需要与最初为手动操作设计的预充式玻璃注射器一起使用。这种玻璃注射器具有位于其底部的凸缘,以方便使用者抓紧注射器,还具有针,通过该针可喷射注射器的内容物。使用前,针通常用塑料或橡胶材料制成的针罩覆盖。针罩本身可被容纳刚性外壳中,该刚性外壳被紧嵌在注射装置上的帽中。于是,当注射装置的帽被使用者取掉后,针罩也被取掉,以允许装置被操作来伸出并暴露针。针罩起到保护针免于机械损坏和保持其无菌的作用。
实际上,注射器在注射装置内可能没有牢固地保持就位,例如这是由于注射器和注射装置中的制造公差。尤其是,注射器可能能够在注射装置中向后移动,也就是,远离出口孔。由于针罩紧嵌于在被牢固地在注射装置前端上保持就位的装置帽中,如果该装置跌落或受到反向外部加载时,注射器就可能向后移动,使得针罩从注射器针脱落。这是不希望的,因为这样导致针暴露于可能不是无菌的环境。针也可能由于脱离针罩的保护而损坏。
发明内容
本发明的注射装置被设计来解决上述问题。
依照本发明的第一个方面,本发明提供一种注射装置,该注射装置包括:
适于容纳注射器的外壳,该注射器在其第一末端具有排出喷嘴,注射器能够在缩回位置和伸出位置之间移动,在缩回位置,排出喷嘴容纳在外壳内,在伸出位置,排出喷嘴通过出口孔伸出外壳;
驱动器,该驱动器作用在注射器上以将注射器从其缩回位置推进到其伸出位置并通过排出喷嘴排出其内容物;以及
注射器托架,该注射器托架在注射器被推进时支撑注射器,该注射器托架具有第一末端以及与第一末端相反的第二末端,排出喷嘴通过第一末端延伸出,
其中,注射器托架适于限制注射器相对于注射器托架在从注射器托架的第一末端到注射器托架的第二末端的方向上的运动。
这样,注射器和其排出喷嘴能避免由于在注射装置内向后移动而引起的损坏。
在与注射器第一末端相反的注射器第二末端处,注射器可以包括凸缘。
注射器托架在其第二末端处可以包括用于限制注射器相对于注射器托架在从注射器托架的第一末端到注射器托架的第二末端的方向上的运动的装置。
用于限制运动的装置可以包括位于注射器托架上的至少一个凸耳,以用来限制注射器相对于注射器托架的运动。凸耳可以是可变形的。
这样,注射器能够在制造期间容易地插入注射器托架中且随后在其凸缘处被牢固地保持以阻止向后移动。
每个凸耳适于与注射器上的凸缘并列设置。
可选择地,限制运动的装置包括至少一个阻尼元件。
这样,注射器在注射器托架中的运动被衰减和限制,以使冲击力的震动不会沿着注射器传输从而造成对注射器的损坏。
阻尼元件被设置为沿着从注射器托架的第二末端到第一末端的方向偏压注射器。因此,如果冲击力来自于注射装置的末端,则注射器向后移动能被阻尼元件吸收。
阻尼元件可以包括由弹性材料形成的弹性偏压装置。特别的是,弹性偏压装置可以是弹性材料弧形件的形式,
其中,弧形件的每一端被连接到注射器托架上,且弧形件的外凸表面与注射器的凸缘并列设置。
这样,偏压装置可与注射器托架整体模制而成,以方便制造。
优选地,注射器托架包括解锁机构,用于在注射器的内容物已经排出后,从对注射器的作用中释放驱动器,其中,弧形件的每一端都连接到解锁机构上。
解锁机构可以采用环形部分形式,该环形部分适于与驱动元件联接,以将驱动元件从驱动器分离。
排出喷嘴包括皮下注射针,且注射器包括位于针上的可移去的针罩。在该实施例中,当注射装置受到冲击力时,注射器托架适于阻止注射器向后运动,从而避免针罩从注射器脱落。例如,如果注射装置跌落到坚硬表面上,这可以防止注射器的排出喷嘴暴露在非无菌的环境中。除此之外,如果发生注射器的向后运动,排出喷嘴连接到注射器上的整体密封会被破坏。本发明克服了这个问题。
附图说明
现在参照附图将以示例的形式对本发明进行描述,其中:
图1a和1b显示了根据本发明的注射装置的侧视图;以及
图2a显示了图1中所示注射装置去掉其外部的外壳后的局部放大侧视图;
图2b显示了图1所示注射装置去掉所示注射装置的部分内部部件后的局部放大侧视图;
图3a和3b显示了本发明第一种实施方式中的注射器托架的透视图;以及
图4a和4b显示了本发明第二种实施方式中的注射器托架的一种实施方式的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1a和1b显示了注射装置110,其具有注射装置外壳112。注射装置110具有可移去的帽190。如图2所示,去掉帽190后,可以看到外壳112的末端具有出口孔128,套管119的末端可通过该出口孔露出。注射装置110也具有触发器180。
如图2a和2b所示,外壳112包括传统类型的皮下注射器114,该皮下注射器包括注射器主体116,该主体限定储液器,且其一端终于皮下注射针(没有显示),而另一端终于凸缘120。皮下注射针由针罩118覆盖。针罩118被固定在帽190内部。
注射器主体116沿储液器长度具有基本恒定的直径,并且在接近注射器终于皮下注射针的末端处的直径显著地缩小。驱动元件134(注射器活塞)通过注射器的塞子作用,将注射器114的内容物经过针118排出。该驱动元件134将待注射的药物(容纳于注射器中)限制在由注射器主体116所限定的储液器内。虽然图示的注射器是皮下注射类型的,但也不是必需如此。经皮的或冲击皮肤的以及皮下的注射器也可以用在本发明的注射装置上。
外壳112包括与套管160一体形成的壳前端113。套管160环绕注射器托架50,注射器托架150能够在套管160中沿其轴向轴线移动。
如图所示,注射器114容纳在注射器托架150内。注射器托架150具有第一末端151和直径缩小部分151a。注射器托架的部分151a支撑注射器114最接近皮下注射针的末端。注射器托架150包括支撑表面153,复位弹簧126的末端设置在该支撑表面上。复位弹簧126经由注射器托架150将注射器114从针118延伸出位于外壳112中的孔128的伸出位置偏压到针118容纳于外壳112内的缩回位置。
如果注射器坏了或打破了,沿其长度基本环绕注射器114的注射器托架150可以容纳注射器碎片,并减少它们漏出注射装置的可能性。
外壳112还包括触发器180和在这里采用压缩驱动弹簧130形式的驱动器。驱动弹簧130的驱动经由多部件驱动器(118a)传送到注射器114的驱动元件134以将注射器由其缩回位置推进到其伸出位置,并通过针118排出内容物。驱动器通过直接作用在注射器114和注射器内的药物上来完成这个任务。在驱动元件134和注射器主体116之间的静摩擦在最初时确保注射器114和塞子两者一起前进,直到当注射器托架150上的支撑表面153碰到套管160上的相对支撑表面161时复位弹簧126压缩到最短。
触发器180设置于外壳112上,远离出口孔128。操作触发器时,触发器用于从外壳112分离受到驱动弹簧130作用的驱动套管131,以允许驱动套管在驱动弹簧130的作用下相对于外壳112移动。随后,装置的操作如下。
使用者可以用拧拔动作或是仅仅通过拔帽的方式去除帽190。所需的确切动作取决于所使用的注射器114的类型。在一种实施方式中,注射器114将包括刚性针罩118,其包括橡胶套(未示出),针容纳在橡胶套(未示出)中。在该实施方式中,只需沿着装置110的纵向轴线拔出帽190就可拔掉针罩118。在替代实施方式中,注射器114包括塑料针罩118,该塑料针罩118通过易碎连接保持到注射器114上。为了破坏该易碎连接,首先必须拧动帽190,然后沿着装置110的纵向轴线拔下帽190。端盖113上的导向元件191用于引导帽190按照所要求的拔出针罩118的方式拔出。
由于针罩118保持在帽190内,去除帽190导致针罩被去除,由此将位于注射装置内的注射器114的针暴露出来。此时,针仍然被外壳112围住。
最初,注射器托架150和注射器114被弹性锁紧部件162阻止运动。通过使套管119沿着进入外壳112的方向运动,锁紧部件162向外运动,脱离注射器托架150。一旦锁紧部件162已脱离注射器托架150,注射器114和注射器托架150就可以自由移动了。
然后,使用者就可以压下触发器180,并且驱动弹簧130被释放。驱动弹簧130使驱动套管131、活塞134运动,并借助于静摩擦力和通过待注射的药物作用的流体静力,使注射器主体114运动以抵抗复位弹簧126的作用。注射器主体114使注射器托架150运动,该注射器托架压缩复位弹簧126。皮下注射针118从外壳112的出口孔128延伸出。这一直持续直到复位弹簧126被压缩到最短或注射器主体116遇到阻碍其运动的其他障碍(未示出)。由于第二驱动元件134与注射器主体116之间的静摩擦力和通过待注射的药物124作用的流体静力不足以抵抗驱动弹簧130产生的全部驱动力,在这时,第二驱动元件134开始在注射器主体116内移动,药物开始被排出。
图3a和3b中描述了本发明的一种实施方式。所示的注射器托架具有两个臂172,其从注射器托架150与其第一末端151相反的第二末端158延伸出。如图3b所示,注射器114在其与注射器主体116连接的后端上具有凸缘120。凸缘120的下表面175与设置在臂172上的一个或多个支撑凸耳170并列设置,其中每个支撑凸耳设有用于凸缘120的下表面175的支撑界面,以在装置操作期间阻止注射器向前运动。
每个臂172也包括限制凸耳172,限制凸耳172的尺寸和形状被设计成具有限制表面173,以防止注射器114相对于注射器托架150在向后方向R上运动(例如,在从注射器托架150的第一末端151到其第二末端158的方向上的运动)。每个限制表面173通过与凸缘的上表面176相互作用而阻止向后运动。在制造期间,在将注射器114插入注射器托架150之后,在限制表面173和凸缘120的上表面176之间可以存在名义间隔。该名义间隔允许注射器114在向后方向R上的少许运动,以缓冲排出喷嘴在使用期间当其变成完全伸出时的冲击,藉此减少装置操作者的痛苦。
在制造装置110期间,通过先将注射器114的排出喷嘴经由注射器托架150的第二末端158上的开口插入,将注射器114插入注射器托架150内。凸缘120的下表面175名义上是不能通过凸耳171的。凸耳171的顶面是倾斜的,这就意味着,当凸缘120的下表面175被推过凸耳171时,臂172就被撑开,从而最终凸耳171不再阻碍注射器114进入注射器托架150的运动,并且凸缘的限制表面173阻止注射器114在注射器托架150内向后运动。
在图4a和4b所示的是本发明的一种可替代的实施方式。在该实施方式中,如前面所述,注射器托架150包括臂172以及支撑凸耳170。注射器托架也包括释放机构250,当驱动套管131运动越过释放机构250后,并且当注射器114到达其伸出位置时,释放机构250起到将驱动套管131从活塞134释放的作用。采用这种方式,当注射器到达其伸出位置时,将注射器114上的驱动弹簧130的力释放,从而使注射器114然后可以缩回。
释放机构250通过突起260连接到注射器托架150的臂172上,突起260与臂172上的开口(未示出)啮合。
释放机构260包括两个阻尼元件270,每个阻尼元件270是弹性材料弧形件的形式,该弧形件的每一端在枢轴点P处与释放机构250连接。阻尼元件270位于释放机构250相对的两侧。由于材料的弹性和在点P形成的杠杆臂,每个阻尼元件270可以弹性地围绕点P枢转。阻尼元件270能在朝向释放机构250主体的R方向上弹性地枢转,提供相反方向上的偏压。利用该方式,当释放机构250通过突起260牢固地连接到臂172上时,在制造期间在插入注射器114之后,每个弧形件的凸部C与凸缘120的上表面176并列设置。这样衰减了注射器114在注射器托架150内在R方向上的运动。
这样,由冲击力所引起的注射器114的突然运动被阻尼元件270吸收。由于阻尼元件270逐渐地吸收注射器的此类运动,就降低了凸缘120破裂的可能性。另外,由于注射器114的突然向后运动被衰减,这样针罩118在排出喷嘴上保持在原位,同时排出喷嘴连接到注射器上的整体密封不被破坏。
应理解为,以上通过实例的方式清楚地描述了本发明,对细节所做的修改在本发明的范围内。

Claims (14)

1.一种注射装置,包括:
适于容纳注射器的外壳,该注射器在第一末端上具有排出喷嘴,注射器能够在缩回位置和伸出位置之间移动,在缩回位置,排出喷嘴容纳在外壳内,且在伸出位置,排出喷嘴通过出口孔延伸出外壳;
驱动器,该驱动器作用在注射器上以将注射器从其缩回位置推进到其伸出位置,并通过排出喷嘴排出其内容物;以及
注射器托架,该注射器托架在注射器被推进时支撑注射器,注射器托架具有排出喷嘴通过其延伸出的第一末端和与第一末端相反的第二末端,
其中,所述注射器托架适于限制所述注射器相对于所述注射器托架在从注射器托架的第一末端到注射器托架的第二末端的方向上的运动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置,其中,所述注射器包括位于与所述注射器的第一末端相反的所述注射器的第二末端处的凸缘。
3.根据权利要求2所述的注射装置,其中,所述注射器托架在注射器托架的第二末端上包括用于限制注射器相对于注射器托架在从注射器托架的第一末端到注射器托架的第二末端的方向上的运动的装置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的注射装置,其中,所述用于限制运动的装置包括位于所述注射器托架上的至少一个凸耳,用来阻止注射器相对于注射器托架运动超出名义距离。
5.根据权利要求4所述的注射装置,其中,每个所述凸耳适于与所述注射器上的凸缘并列设置,藉此防止注射器相对于注射器托架的所有运动。
6.根据权利要求4所述的注射装置,其中,每个所述凸耳的下表面以名义距离设置在凸缘之上。
7.根据权利要求3所述的注射装置,其中,所述用于限制运动的装置包括至少一个阻尼元件。
8.根据权利要求3所述的注射装置,其中,所述阻尼元件用于在从注射器托架的第二末端到注射器托架的第一末端的方向上偏压注射器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的注射装置,其中,所述阻尼元件包括由弹性材料形成的偏压装置。
10.根据权利要求9所述的注射装置,其中,所述偏压装置是弹性材料弧形件的形式,
其中,所述弧形件的每一端连接到所述注射器托架上,且弧形件的外凸表面与所述注射器的凸缘并列设置。
11.根据权利要求7到10中任一所述的注射装置,其中,所述注射器托架包括解锁机构,该解锁机构用于在注射器内容物已被排出之后,从对注射器的作用中释放驱动器;以及所述阻尼元件设置在所述解锁机构上。
12.根据权利要求11所述的注射装置,其中,所述解锁机构采用环形部分的形式,该环形部分适于与驱动元件联接以实现驱动元件从驱动器分离。
13.根据前述任一权利要求所述的注射装置,其中,所述排出喷嘴包括皮下注射针,且所述注射器包括位于针上的可去除的针罩。
14.一种基本如上参照附图所述且如附图所示的注射装置。
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