CN101421448B - 用于连续制造碳纤维的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于连续制造碳纤维的方法,其中借助于高频电磁波使稳定的原纤碳化和石墨化,其特征在于,所述稳定的原纤作为包括内导体和外导体的同轴导体的内导体连续地引导通过所述同轴导体和处理区;在所述处理区中用高频电磁波照射所述稳定原纤,所述原纤吸收高频电磁波从而被加热并转变成碳纤维;而且所述稳定的原纤或碳纤维在保护气体氛围下被引导通过所述同轴导体和所述处理区。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于连续制造碳纤维的方法,其中借助于高频电磁波使稳定的原纤/原丝(Precursorfasern)碳化和石墨化。
背景技术
稳定的原纤是通过已知工艺技术已被转变成不溶性纤维的纤维。只有这种类型的不溶性纤维才适用于对于制造碳纤维所必需的后续碳化步骤。
从US4197282中已知借助于微波用沥青制造碳纤维的这种类型的方法。但是,根据该方法,微波处理只能在预先热处理之后进行。根据US4197282,该热处理将原纤转变至可被微波的高频激活的程度(在沥青纤维的情况下,这种转变包括转变成中间相)。该专利说明书没有说明微波在稳定的原纤上的作用机制。
由稳定原纤组成的纤维、纱线和纤维束是不良导电体以及例如微波的高频电磁波的较好吸收体。用高频电磁波照射引发朝完全碳化的转变并增加石墨化,这使得处理后的纤维的导电性显著提高。
当石墨化完成后,纤维的性能如同波导管中的电线,并且导致波导管或者谐振器设备中电场较大的畸变/失真和干扰。如果不加以控制,则会导致影响石墨化均匀度和工艺稳定性的非均匀性和干扰,则或者会在极端的情况下引发放电或电弧,或者会导致纤维热蒸发。
用微波能量进行均匀的和连续的纤维处理的工艺控制以前需要复杂的测量设备和控制技术。这可能是该方法到目前为止还没有以工业规模使用的原因。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于连续制造碳纤维的简单方法,其中借助于高频电磁波使稳定的原纤碳化和石墨化,该方法本身经济并且能以有关于工艺控制的可接受的代价来实施。
上述目的通过一种上述类型的方法实现,其中稳定的原纤作为同轴导体——该同轴导体包括外导体和内导体——的内导体被连续地引导通过该同轴导体和处理区;在该处理区中用高频电磁波照射该稳定的原纤,高频电磁波由原纤吸收,由此导致原纤被加热并被转变成碳纤维;并且使所述稳定的原纤或碳纤维在保护气体氛围中被引导通过所述同轴导体和所述处理区。
高频电磁波优选为微波。
在实施本发明的方法时,惊奇地观察到在高频电磁波的能量或者微波的能量被输出耦合(auskoppeln)的输出耦合区域中,形成有长度通常为几厘米的短的反应区域,转变成碳纤维的反应至少主要在该反应区域中发生。
从例如DE102004021016A1中已知微波能量从矩形波导管中的输出耦合,其中,外导体和内导体都是同轴导体的固定组成部件。由于微波能量可借助于同轴导体高能量密度地传递,所以这种类型的耦合装置用于将微波能量传递到热处理区。在此,从波导管供应的微波能量通过合适的装置——例如耦合锥形体——被输出耦合到同轴导体中。
通过例如在同轴导体的外导体内和在处理区内设置能让高频电磁波或者微波的能量透过的管子,并且将作为内导体的稳定原纤以及保护气体引导穿过该管子,可以容易地在输出耦合区域内和同轴导体内的稳定原纤周围保持保护气体氛围。
惊奇地发现,当使用这种类型的耦合装置时——即同轴导体的内导体由运动穿过该同轴导体的待碳化的稳定原纤所代替,这些稳定原纤可以容易地转变成碳纤维。由于稳定原纤的导电性很低,所以微波能量使得稳定原纤通过吸收作用而在输出耦合区域中被加热。随着热量的增加,稳定原纤被转变成这样的材料:其首先更好地吸收、并由此更好地被加热、从而还由于此增加的热量碳化和石墨化,从而由稳定的原纤获得碳纤维。由于这种转变,所形成的碳纤维的导电性逐渐增加,由此使得微波能量越来越多地输出耦合至同轴接合部并防止碳纤维的进一步处理。被输出耦合的微波能量在同轴导体中引发对稳定原纤的处理,从而在稳定原纤导引通过同轴导体时形成一种自调节系统。
本发明方法的突出特征在于,稳定原纤以这样的速度被引导通过同轴导体,即在离开同轴导体时稳定原纤已经碳化或者石墨化并因此是碳纤维。
使用预碳化的原纤来执行本发明的方法也是有利的。虽然实践中任何已知的稳定原纤都可以用于本发明的方法,但是由聚丙烯腈制成的稳定原纤最适于本目的。此外,用氮气来形成稳定原纤在同轴导体中被引导穿过的保护气体氛围也被证实是有利的。
通过测量所形成的碳纤维的电阻来控制稳定原纤被引导通过同轴导体的速度是特别有利的。已经发现,从电阻值可以得出关于碳纤维质量的结论。在执行本发明方法的过程中,可以发现,已经预碳化的原纤的电阻落在30兆欧的范围内,而在强度、延伸率和模量方面具有良好特性的碳纤维的电阻的量级为几欧姆,例如落在10-50欧姆的范围内。在此通过在纤维上相隔50cm距离设置的两个铜电极来测量电阻。
在保护气体氛围中添加少量的氧气是特别有利的。这使得通常在碳化或石墨化完成之后进行的氧化处理步骤可以在本发明的方法中直接在碳化过程中进行。可以通过例如在原纤被引入同轴导体之前不去除存在于原纤之间的空气来实现氧的添加。但是,以特定的、一致的量将氧定量供给到保护气体氛围中也无疑是可行的。
如果稳定原纤被引导通过两个或多个接续设置的、每个都包括同轴导体和处理区的反应器,则本发明的方法能够特别有利地实施。
下面将详细说明适于执行本发明的方法的装置。
附图说明
图1是通过耦合锥形体进行微波能量的输出耦合的装置的示意性图示;
图2是使用空腔谐振器以输出耦合微波能量的装置的示意性图示;
图3是使用同轴的微波供给以输出耦合微波的装置的示意性图示。
具体实施方式
为了实施本发明的方法,稳定的原纤1作为内导体2被引导穿过具有外导体3的同轴导体。在内导体2的周围以及外导体3和谐振器9的内部设置能让高频电磁波或者微波透过的管子4,在该管子中充入用于形成保护气体氛围的保护气体。被供给到波导管5中的微波能量通过耦合锥形体6(图1)或者通过空腔谐振器9(图2)传递到位于所形成的处理区10中的包括内导体2和外导体3的同轴导体中,并且由于往碳纤维的转变而被输出耦合到同轴导体2、3中。在图3中,微波供给通过同轴导体进行,该同轴导体的内导体11设计成T形并且是导电的,由此所述微波被转向到达处理区10。这种内导体11可以例如设计成管形。当稳定的原纤在接合处12离开内导体11时,稳定的原纤承担起同轴导体的内导体2的功能,该同轴导体的外导体的附图标记是3。
在离开处理区10时,稳定的原纤1已经转变成碳纤维7。通过同轴的终端装置8在同轴导体中实现驻波形式的微波能量场分布。适于实施本发明方法的其它实施形式例如在DE2616217、EP0508867和WO00/075955中说明。
下面结合下述示例对本发明进行详细的说明。
使用已经预碳化的由聚丙烯腈制造的稳定的原纤作为稳定原纤,该稳定原纤被捆扎成含有12000根单丝的束。
使用Muegge电子有限公司(Muegge Electronics GmbH)制造的类似于图2的具有铝壁的筒式谐振器来输入耦合(Einkoppelung)微波能量。该谐振器的直径为100mm,并且设计成将R26型矩形波导管连接至微波输出功率为3kW的微波发生器。所产生的微波能量被输出耦合到外壳内径为100mm的同轴导体中。
预碳化的稳定原纤在使用氮气的保护气体氛围下被引导通过上述设备,其中以不同的速度将所获得的碳纤维从所述设备中抽出。使用的微波能量设为2kW。所获得的碳纤维具有以下特性:
抽取速度 拉伸强度 模量 延伸断裂率
(m/h) (Mpa) (Gpa) (%)
50 3200 220 1.4
150 3100 218 1.4
240 3500 217 1.5
420 2700 180 1.4
Claims (9)
1.一种用于连续制造碳纤维的方法,其中借助于高频电磁波使稳定的原纤碳化和石墨化,其特征在于,所述稳定的原纤作为包括内导体和外导体的同轴导体的内导体连续地引导通过所述同轴导体和处理区;在所述处理区中用高频电磁波照射所述稳定原纤,所述原纤吸收高频电磁波从而被加热并转变成碳纤维;而且所述稳定的原纤或碳纤维在保护气体氛围下被引导通过所述同轴导体和所述处理区。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,使用微波作为高频电磁波。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述稳定原纤以这样的速度被引导穿过所述同轴导体,即所述稳定原纤在离开同轴导体时已经碳化或者石墨化并因此是碳纤维。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述原纤为预碳化的原纤。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述稳定的原纤由聚丙烯腈制成。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,用于形成所述稳定的原纤被引导通过的保护气体氛围的气体是氮气。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,通过测量所形成的碳纤维的电阻来控制所述稳定的原纤被引导穿过同轴导体的速度。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述保护气体氛围中加入少量的氧气。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述稳定的原纤被引导通过两个或多个接续设置的、每个都包括同轴导体和处理区的反应器。
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PCT/EP2007/002909 WO2007118596A1 (de) | 2006-04-15 | 2007-03-31 | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen herstellung von kohlenstofffasern |
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BRPI0710157B1 (pt) | 2016-12-13 |
ES2348590T3 (es) | 2010-12-09 |
ATE475728T1 (de) | 2010-08-15 |
AU2007237521B2 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
EP1845179B1 (de) | 2010-07-28 |
JP2009533562A (ja) | 2009-09-17 |
AU2007237521A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
CN101421448A (zh) | 2009-04-29 |
TW200745395A (en) | 2007-12-16 |
EP1845179A1 (de) | 2007-10-17 |
US20090277772A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
DE502006007528D1 (de) | 2010-09-09 |
AU2007237521A8 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
CA2649131A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
TWI372798B (en) | 2012-09-21 |
CA2649131C (en) | 2013-03-12 |
BRPI0710157A2 (pt) | 2011-08-23 |
WO2007118596A1 (de) | 2007-10-25 |
AR060505A1 (es) | 2008-06-25 |
JP5191004B2 (ja) | 2013-04-24 |
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