CN101352078A - 共用信令信道 - Google Patents

共用信令信道 Download PDF

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CN101352078A
CN101352078A CNA2006800497145A CN200680049714A CN101352078A CN 101352078 A CN101352078 A CN 101352078A CN A2006800497145 A CNA2006800497145 A CN A2006800497145A CN 200680049714 A CN200680049714 A CN 200680049714A CN 101352078 A CN101352078 A CN 101352078A
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subcarriers
channel
ssch
signaling channel
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CN101352078B (zh
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A·坎得卡尔
A·格洛科夫
D·A·高尔
E·H·提格
董民
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

可在正交频分多址(OFDMA)通信系统中使用共用信令信道来向系统内的接入终端提供信令、确认、及功率控制消息。该共用信令信道可被指派给任意帧内预定数目的副载波。预定数目的副载波向该共用信令信道的指派为该信道建立了固定带宽的开销。指派给该信道的实际副载波可周期性变化，并且可根据预定跳频调度来变化。指派给信令信道的信号功率的量可根据通信链路的功率要求在每码元基础上变化。共用信令信道可将该信道上携带的每个消息定向至一个或多个接入终端。单播消息允许按照单个通信链路的需求对信道功率进行控制。

Description

共用信令信道
公开领域
本公开涉及无线通信领域。特别地，本公开涉及无线通信系统中的共用信令信道。
相关技术的描述
无线通信系统可被配置成多址通信系统。在这种系统中，通信系统可并发地支持预定资源集上的多个用户。通信设备可通过请求接入和接收接入准予在该通信系统中建立链路。
无线通信系统准予该请求通信设备的资源很大程度上取决于所实现的多址系统的类型。例如，多址系统可在时间、频率、码空间、或各因素的组合的基础上分配资源。
无线通信系统需要传达所分配的资源并跟踪它们以确保两个或多个通信设备不被分配到重叠的资源，从而使得到各通信设备的通信链路不会退化。另外，无线通信系统需要跟踪所分配的资源以跟踪在通信链路被终止时被释放或可用的资源。
无线通信系统通常以集中方式——诸如从一中央通信设备向通信设备和相应的通信链路分配资源。分配的资源以及在一些情形中解除分配的资源需要被传达给这些通信设备。通常，无线通信系统将一个或多个通信信道专门用于资源分配及相关联的开销的传输。
然而，分配给开销信道的资源的量通常减损了无线通信系统的资源和相应容量。资源分配是通信系统中的一个重要方面并且需要顾及以确保分配给资源分配的信道是稳健的。然而，无线通信系统需要在稳健资源分配信道的需求和最小化对通信信道的不利影响的需求之间进行平衡。
因此需要配置提供稳健通信又对系统性能引入最小退化的资源分配信道。
概要
可在无线通信系统中使用共用信令信道来向系统内的接入终端提供信令消息。该共用信令信道可被指派给任意帧内预定数目的副载波。预定数目的副载波向该共用信令信道的指派为该信道建立了固定带宽的开销。指派给该信道的实际副载波可周期性变化，并且可根据预定跳频调度来变化。指派给信令信道的信号功率的量可根据通信链路的功率要求在每码元基础上变化。共用信令信道可将该信道上携带的每个消息定向至一个或多个接入终端。单播或其它定向消息允许按照单个通信链路的需求对信道功率进行控制。
本公开包括一种在包括横跨工作频带的至少一部分的多个副载波的无线通信系统中生成信令信道消息的方法。该方法包括：指派对应于分配给信令信道的预定带宽的资源；生成至少一个消息；将该至少一个消息编码以生成至少一个消息码元；控制该至少一个消息码元的功率密度；以及调制分配给信令信道的资源的至少一部分。
本公开还包括一种方法，包括：生成至少一个消息；将该至少一个消息编码以生成多个消息码元；调节与这多个消息码元相关联的功率密度；从这多个副载波中确定指派给信令信道的副载波子集；以及用这多个消息码元当中的至少一个码元调制该副载波子集中的每一个。
本公开包括一种配置成在包括横跨工作频带的多个副载波的无线通信系统中生成信令信道消息的装置。该装置包括：调度器，被配置成向信令信道指派这多个副载波的子集；信令模块，被配置成生成至少一个信令消息；功率控制模块，被配置成调节该至少一个信令消息的功率密度；以及信号映射器，被耦合至调度器和信令模块并被配置成将来自该至少一个信令消息的码元映射到这多个副载波的上述子集。
本公开包括一种装置，包括：用于生成至少一个消息的装置；用于将该至少一个消息编码以生成多个消息码元的装置；用于调节与这多个消息码元相关联的功率密度的装置；用于从这多个副载波中确定指派给信令信道的副载波子集的装置；以及用于用这多个消息码元当中的至少一个码元调制该副载波子集中的每一个的装置。
附图简述
本公开的特征、目的、和优点将因以下结合其中相同要素带有相同标号的附图阐述的具体描述而变得更加显而易见。
图1是具有共用信令信道的通信系统的实施例的简易功能框图。
图2是支持共用信令信道的发射机的实施例的简化功能框图。
图3是共用信令信道的实施例的简易时频图。
图4是生成共用信令信道消息的方法的实施例的简易流程图。
图5是生成共用信令信道消息的方法的实施例的简易流程图。
发明实施例的具体描述
OFDMA无线通信系统中的共用信令信道(SSCH)可被用于传达该系统内实现的各种信令和反馈消息。无线通信系统可将SSCH作为多个前向链路通信信道中的一个来实现。该SSCH可以在该通信系统内的多个接入终端之间同时或并发地共用。
无线通信系统可在前向链路SSCH中传达各种信令消息。例如，无线通信系统可包括接入准予消息、前向链路指派消息、反向链路指派消息、以及可在前向链路信道上传达的任何其它信令消息。SSCH还可被用于向接入终端传达反馈消息。反馈消息可包括确认对接入终端传输的成功接收的确认(ACK)消息。反馈消息还可包括被用来指令发射接入终端改变其发射功率的反向链路功率控制消息。
SSCH中利用的实际信道可以是上述信道的全部或部分。此外，在以上任意信道之外或作为以上任意信道的代替，可在SSCH中包括其它信道。
无线通信系统可向SSCH分配预定数目的副载波。向SSCH指派预定数目的副载波为该信道建立了固定带宽的开销。指派给SSCH的实际副载波可周期性地变化，或可根据预定的跳频调度变化。在一个实施例中，指派给SSCH的副载波的本体可在每一帧上变化。
分配给SSCH的功率的量可根据携带SSCH消息的通信链路的要求而变化。例如，当SSCH消息被传送到一较远接入终端时可增大SSCH功率。相反，当SSCH消息被传送至一较近接入终端时可减小SSCH功率。如果没有SSCH消息要传送，则SSCH无需被分配任何功率。由于在实现单播消息接发时分配给SSCH的功率可在每用户的基础上变化，所以SSCH要求相对较低的功率开销。分配给SSCH的功率仅根据特定通信链路的需要而增加。
SSCH对各个接入终端的数据信道造成的干扰的量可基于指派给SSCH和接入终端的副载波、以及SSCH与数据信道的相对功率电平而变化。SSCH对许多通信链路基本不造成干扰。
图1是在前向链路上实现SSCH的无线通信系统100的实施例的简易功能框图。系统100包括可与一个或多个接入终端110a-110b通信的一个或多个固定要素。虽然对图1的系统100的描述一般性地描述了无线电话系统或无线数据通信系统，但系统100并不限于被实现为无线电话系统或无线数据通信系统，且系统100也并不限于具有图1中所示的特定要素。
每个接入终端110a-110b可以是例如配置成根据一个或多个通信标准工作的无线电话。接入终端110a可以是便携式单元、移动单元、或固定单元。接入终端110a-110b中的每一个还可被称为移动单元、移动终端、移动站、用户终端、用户装备、便携式设备、电话等。虽然图1中仅示出了两个接入终端110a-110b，但应该理解的是典型无线通信系统100具有与多个接入终端110a-110b通信的能力。
接入终端110a通常与在此被描绘为扇区化的蜂窝塔的一个或多个基站120a或120b通信。系统100的其它实施例可包括接入点以代替基站120a和120b。在这样的系统100实施例中，BSC 130和MSC 140可以省略并可用一个或多个交换机、集线器、或路由器来代替。
如在此所使用的，基站可以是用于与终端通信的固定站并且还可被称为接入点、B节点、或其它一些术语和包括它们的部分或全部功能。接入终端还可被称为用户装备(UE)、无线通信设备、终端、移动站或一些其它术语、和包括它们的部分或全部功能。
接入终端110a通常将与例如在接入终端110a内的接收机处提供最强信号强度的示例120b的基站通信。第二接入终端110b也可被配置成与同一基站120b通信。然而，第二接入终端110b可能距离基站120b较远，并且可能处在基站120b所服务的覆盖区的边缘。
一个或多个基站120a-120b可被配置成调度前向链路、反向链路、或两个链路中使用的信道资源。每个基站120a-120b可使用SSCH传达副载波指派、确认消息、反向链路功率控制消息、以及其它开销消息。
基站120a和120b中的每一个可被耦合至基站控制器(BSC)140，后者路由去往和来自恰当基站120a和120b的通信信号。BSC 140被耦合至移动交换中心(MSC)150，后者可被配置成用作接入终端110a-110b与公共交换电话网(PSTN)150之间的接口。在另一实施例中，用以代替PSTN 150或在其之外，系统100可实现分组数据服务节点(PDSN)。PDSN可用以将诸如网络160等分组交换网与系统100的无线部分接口。
MSC 150也可被配置成用作接入终端110a-110b与网络160之间的接口。网络160可以是例如局域网(LAN)或广域网(WAN)。在一个实施例中，网络160包括因特网。因此，MSC 150被耦合至PSTN 150和网络160。MSC 150也可被配置成协调与其它通信系统(未示出)的系统间换手。
无线通信系统100可被配置成利用OFDM通信在前向链路和反向链路这两者中通信的OFDMA系统。术语前向链路是指从基站120a或120b到接入终端110a-110b的通信链路，而术语反向链路是指从接入终端110a-110b到基站120a或120b的通信链路。基站120a和120b以及接入终端110a-110b都可分配资源用于信道和干扰估计。
出于信道和干扰估计的目的，基站120a和120b、以及接入终端110可被配置成广播导频信号。导频信号可包括诸如多个CDMA波形的宽带导频或跨度整个频谱的窄带导频的集合。宽带导频还可以是在时间和频率上交错的窄带导频的集合。
在一个实施例中，导频信号可包括选自OFDM频率集的多个频调。例如，导频信号可由选自OFDM频率集的均匀隔开的频调形成。均匀隔开构造可被称为交错的导频信号。
无线通信系统100可包括副载波集——或者称为横跨该OFDMA系统的工作带宽的频调。通常，各副载波是等距隔开的。无线通信系统100可分配一个或多个副载波作为保护带，而系统100可能不会利用保护带内的副载波与接入终端110a-110b通信。
在一个实施例中，无线通信系统100可包括横跨20MHz的工作频带的2048个副载波。可在该工作频带的每一端分配带宽基本等于一个或多个副载波所占据的带宽的保护带。
无线通信系统100可被配置成对前向和反向链路进行频分双工(FDD)。在FDD实施例中，前向链路与反向链路在频率上有所偏移。因此，前向链路副载波与反向链路副载波在频率上有所偏移。通常，该频率偏移量是固定的，以使得前向链路信道与反向链路副载波相距一预定频率偏移量。前向链路和反向链路可使用FDD同时或并发地通信。
在另一实施例中，无线通信系统100可被配置成对前向和反向链路进行时分双工(TDD)。在这种实施例中，前向链路和反向链路可共用相同副载波，并且无线通信系统100可在预定时间区间上在前向和反向链路通信之间交替。在TDD中，所分配的频率信道在前向与反向链路之间是相同的，而分配给前向和反向链路的时间是不同的。由于互易性，在前向或反向链路信道上执行的信道估计对于互补的反向或前向链路信道通常是准确的。
无线通信系统100还可在前向和反向链路之一或这两者中实现交织格式。交织是其中通信链路时基被循环地指派到预定数目股的交织段之一的一种时分复用形式。到接入终端之一(例如110a)的一特定通信链路可被指派到数股交织段中的一股，并且所指派的该特定通信链路上的通信仅在该指派的交织段期间发生。例如，无线通信系统100可实现周期为6的交织。标识为1-6的每交织段具有一预定持续时长。每股交织段以6为周期周期性地出现。因此，指派给一特定股交织段的通信链路每6个段活跃一次。
经交织的通信在实现诸如混合自动重复请求(HARQ)算法等自动重复请求架构的无线通信系统100中尤其有用。无线通信系统100可实现HARQ架构来处理数据重传。在这种系统中，发射机可以第一数据率发送初始传输并可在未接收到确认消息的情况下自动重传该数据。发射机可以较低的数据率来发送后续重传。HARQ递增冗余重传方案可改善在提供提早终止增益和稳健性方面的系统性能。
交织格式允许在下一指派的交织段出现之前有充分的时间来处理ACK消息。例如，接入终端110a可接收所传送的数据并传送一确认消息，而基站120b可及时接收和处理该确认消息以防止在下一出现的交织段进行重传。或者，如果基站120b不能接收到ACK消息，则基站120b可在指派给接入终端110a的下一出现的交织段上重传该数据。
基站120a-120b可在每股交织中传送SSCH消息，但可将出现在每股交织中的消息限于要送往被指派给该特定活跃交织的接入终端110a-110b的那些消息。基站120a-120b可限制需要在每股交织段中调度的SSCH消息的量。
无线通信系统100可在前向链路中实现频分复用(FDM)SSCH消息以传达信令和反馈消息。每个基站120a-120b可向SSCH分配预定数目的副载波。无线通信系统100可被配置成向SSCH分配固定带宽的开销。每个基站120a-120b可向SSCH分配其副载波的预定百分比。另外，每个基站120a或120b可向SSCH分配一不同的副载波集或者该副载波集可重叠另一基站的SSCH副载波指派。例如，每个基站120a或120b可被配置成向SSCH分配带宽的近似10％。因此，在具有至多2000个可被分配给SSCH的副载波的通信系统100中，每个基站120a或120b向SSCH分配200个副载波。当然其它无线通信系统100可配置有其它带宽开销目标。例如，基于计划信道负载，无线通信系统100可具有为2％、5％、7％、15％、20％或一些其它数值的目标SSCH带宽分配。
每个基站(例如120b)可向SSCH分配来自信道树的多个节点。信道树是可包括最终终止于叶或基节点的多个分支的信道模型。树中的每一节点可被标记，并且每一节点标识在其之下的每个节点和基节点。树的叶或基节点可对应诸如单个副载波的最小可指派资源。因此，信道树提供了用于指派和跟踪无线通信系统100中的可用副载波资源的逻辑映射。
基站120b可将来自信道树的节点映射到前向和反向链路中使用的物理副载波。例如，基站120b可通过向SSCH指派来自信道树的预定数目的基节点来向该SSCH指派相应数目的资源。基站120b可将逻辑节点指派映射到最终由基站120b传送的物理副载波指派。
在物理副载波指派可改变时，使用逻辑信道树结构或一些其它逻辑结构跟踪指派给SSCH的资源是有利的。例如，基站120a-120b可对SSCH以及诸如数据信道等其它信道实现跳频算法。基站120a-120b可对每个指派的副载波实现伪随机跳频方案。基站120a-120b可使用该跳频算法来将来自信道树的逻辑节点映射到相应的物理副载波指派。
跳频算法可在码元基础上或在块基础上执行跳频。除了没有两个节点被指派到同一物理副载波之外，码元级跳频可在各单个副载波与副载波之间跳频。在块跳跃中，一连续副载波块可被配置成以维持连续块结构的方式跳频。就信道树而言，高于一叶节点的分支节点可被指派至一跳跃算法。该分支节点下的各基节点可遵循应用到该分支节点的跳跃算法。
基站120a-120b可在周期性——诸如每一帧、数帧、或一些其它预定数目的OFDM码元基础上执行跳频。如在此使用的，一帧表示OFDM码元的预定结构，它可包括一个或多个前同步码码元和一个或多个数据码元。接收机可被配置成利用同一跳频算法来确定哪些副载波被指派至SSCH或相应的数据信道。
基站120a-120b可用SSCH消息来调制指派给该SSCH的每个副载波。这些消息可包括信令消息和反馈消息。信令消息可包括接入准予消息、前向链路指派块消息、以及反向链路块指派消息。反馈消息可包括确认(ACK)消息和反向链路功率控制消息。SSCH中利用的实际信道可以是上述信道的全部或部分。另外，在上述任意信道之外或者作为其替代，可在SSCH中包括其它信道。
接入准予消息被基站120b用来确认接入终端110a的接入尝试和指派媒体接入控制标识(MACID)。接入准予消息还可包括初始反向链路信道指派。对应该接入准予的调制码元序列可根据接入终端110a传送的先前接入探测的索引来加扰。该加扰使得接入终端110a能够仅对对应它所传送的探测序列的接入准予块作出响应。
基站120b可使用前向和反向链路接入块消息来提供前向或反向链路副载波指派。这些指派消息还可包括诸如调制格式、编码格式、以及分组格式等其它参数。基站通常向一特定接入终端110a提供信道指派，并可使用所指派的MACID来标识该目标接收方。
基站120a-120b通常响应于对一传输的成功接收向特定接入终端110a-110b传送ACK消息。每个ACK消息可以简单如指示肯定或否定确认的1比特消息。ACK消息可被链接到每个副载波——例如通过使用信道树中的相关节点到该接入终端的其它节点，或者可被链接到一特定MACID。此外，出于分集的目的，ACK消息可在多个分组上编码。
基站120a-120b可传送反向链路功率控制消息以控制来自接入终端110a-110b中每一个的反向链路传输的功率密度。基站120a-120b可传送反向功率控制消息来命令接入终端110a-110b增大或减小其功率密度。
基站120a-120b可被配置成将SSCH消息中的每一个个别地单播至特定接入终端110a-110b。在单播消息接发中，每个消息独立于其它消息进行调制和功率控制。或者，定向至一特定用户的消息可被组合并独立地调制和功率控制。
在另一实施例中，基站120a-120b可被配置成将给多个接入终端110a-110b的消息相组合并将该经组合的消息多播至这多个接入终端110a-110b。在多播中，给多个接入终端的消息可被分组在经联合编码和功率控制的集合中。对经联合编码的消息的功率控制需要针对具有最差通信链路的接入终端。因此，如果给两个接入终端110a和110b的消息被组合，基站120b设置该经组合的消息的功率控制以确保具有最差链路的接入终端110a能接收到该传输。然而，确保满足最差通信链路所需的功率电平可能显著大于距离基站120b较近的接入终端110b所需的功率电平。因此，在一些实施例中，可联合编码和功率控制那些具有基本相似信道特性——例如SNR、功率偏移量等的接入终端的SSCH消息。
在另一实施例中，基站120a-120b可将给一基站——例如120b所服务的所有接入终端110a-110b的所有消息信息分组，并将该经组合的消息广播至所有接入终端110a-110b。在该广播方法中，所有消息被联合编码和调制而功率控制针对具有最差前向链路信号强度的接入终端。
单播信令在其中多播和广播为了相当数目的比特要求相当大的功率开销来到达蜂窝小区边缘的情形中会是有利的。单播消息可通过功率控制而受益于具有不同前向链路信号强度的接入终端之间的功率共用。单播消息接发还受益于在任意给定时间点上许多反向链路基节点可能未被指派这一事实从而使得无需花费能量为这些节点报告ACK。
从MAC逻辑的观点来看，单播设计使得无线通信系统100能够用目标MACID来加扰ACK消息，从而防止错误地认为其被指派了ACK所针对的相关资源(通过诸如丢失的解除指派等指派信令差错)的接入终端不实地解释实际打算给另一MACID的ACK。因此，该接入终端将在单个分组之后从错误指派状态恢复——因为该分组不能被肯定确认，并且该接入终端将终止该错误指派。
从链路性能的观点来看，广播或多播方法的主要优点是由于联合编码而得到的编码增益。然而，对于实际几何分布，功率控制的增益显著超过了编码增益。同时，单播消息接发相比于经联合编码和受CRC保护的消息可呈现更高的出错率。然而，实际上0.01％到0.1％的可实现出错率已令人满意。
基站120a-120b多播或广播一些消息而单播其它消息可能是有利的。例如，指派消息可被配置成自动从当前正在使用对应该指派消息中指示的副载波的资源的接入终端解除指派资源。因此，指派消息通常是多播的，因为它们针对该指派的预期接收方以及该指派消息中指定资源的任何当前用户。
图2是诸如可整合在图1的无线通信系统的基站内的OFDMA发射机200的实施例的简易功能框图。发射机200被配置成向一个或多个接入终端发射一个或多个OFDMA信号。发射机200包括配置成在前向链路中生成并实现SSCH的SSCH模块230。
发射机200包括配置成存储要送往一个或多个接入终端的数据的数据缓冲器210。数据缓冲器210可被配置成例如保存要送往相应基站所支持的覆盖区中每个接入终端的数据。
该数据可以是例如原始未编码数据或已编码数据。通常，存储在数据缓冲器210中的数据是未编码的，并且被耦合至在其处根据所需的编码率被编码的编码器212。编码器212可包括用于检错和前向纠错(FEC)的编码。数据缓冲器210中的数据可根据一个或多个编码算法被编码。每个编码算法和结果编码率可与多格式混合自动重复请求(HARQ)系统的一特定数据格式相关联。编码可包括但并不限于卷积编码、块编码、交织、直接序列扩展、循环冗余编码等或一些其它编码。
要传送的已编码数据被耦合至串并转换器和信号映射器214，后者被配置成将来自编码器212的串行数据流转换为多个并行数据流。信号映射器214可基于调度器提供的输入(未示出)来确定对应每个接入终端的副载波的数目和这些副载波的本体。分配给任何特定接入终端的副载波的数目可以是所有可用副载波的子集。因此，信号映射器214将要送往一特定接入终端的数据映射到对应指派给该接入终端的数据载波的那些并行数据流。
SSCH模块230被配置成生成SSCH消息、编码这些消息、并将经编码的消息提供给信号映射器214。SSCH模块230还可提供指派给该SSCH的副载波的本体。SSCH模块230可包括配置成为SSCH确定和指派来自信道树的节点的调度器252。调度器252的输出可被耦合至跳频模块254。跳频模块254可被配置成将调度器252确定的指派的信道树节点映射到物理副载波指派。跳频模块254可实现预定的跳频算法。
信号映射器214接收SSCH消息码元和副载波指派，并将这些SSCH码元映射到恰当的副载波。在一个实施例中，SSCH模块230可被配置成生成串行消息流而信号映射器214可被配置成将该串行消息映射到所指派的副载波。
在一个实施例中，信号映射器214可被配置成将来自SSCH消息的每个调制码元在所有指派的副载波上进行交织。交织SSCH的调制码元为SSCH信号提供了最大的频率和干扰分集。
串并转换器/信号映射器214的输出被耦合至导频模块220，后者被配置成将副载波的预定部分分配给导频信号。在一个实施例中，导频信号可包括基本上横跨整个工作带的多个等距隔开的副载波。导频模块220可被配置成用相应的数据或导频信号来调制OFDMA系统的每个副载波。
希望使用所可能的最高谱效率传送信令块以最小化信令消息的带宽开销。然而，高谱效率的不利方面是需要更高的每比特能量(Eb/N0)，这驱动了功率开销。介于0.5bps/Hz到1bps/Hz之间的谱效率被发现是一较好的折衷，因为其在实现最小(Eb/N0)需求的同时允许较低的带宽开销。然而，其它谱效率也可适用于一些系统。
在一个实施例中，SSCH码元被用来BPSK调制所指派的副载波。在另一实施例中，SSCH码元被用来QPSK调制所指派的副载波。尽管实际上可容许任何调制类型，但使用具有可由旋转向量表示的星座图的调制格式是有利的，因为幅度不会根据码元而变化。由于SSCH可能具有不同的偏移量但同一导频参考并由此更易于解调，所以这会是有利的。
导频模块220的输出被耦合至快速傅立叶逆变换(IFFT)模块222。IFFT模块222被配置成将OFDMA载波变换为对应的时域码元。当然，快速傅立叶变换(FFT)实现并不是一项要求，也可使用离散傅立叶变换(DFT)或一些其它类型的变换来生成时域码元。IFFT模块222的输出被耦合至并串转换器224，后者被配置成将并行时域码元转换为串行流。
串行OFDMA码元流从并串转换器224被耦合至收发机240。在图2所示的实施例中，收发机240是配置成发射前向链路信号和接收反向链路信号的基站收发机。
收发机240包括配置成将串行码元流转换为一恰当频率的模拟信号以经由天线246广播至接入终端的前向链路发射机模块244。收发机240还可包括被耦合至天线246并被配置成接收一个或多个远程接入终端发射的信号的反向链路接收机模块242。
SSCH模块230被配置成生成SSCH消息。如早先所述，SSCH消息可包括信令消息。另外，SSCH消息可包括诸如ACK消息或功率控制消息等反馈消息。SSCH模块230被耦合至接收机模块242的输出并部分地分析接收到的信号以生成信令和反馈消息。
SSCH模块230包括信令模块232、ACK模块236、以及功率控制模块238。信令模块232可被配置成生成所需的信令消息并根据所需的编码来将它们编码。例如，信令模块232可分析对应一接入请求的收到信号并可生成定向至该始发接入终端的接入准予消息。信令模块232还可生成和编码任何前向链路或反向链路块指派消息。
类似地，ACK模块236可生成定向至其传输被成功接收的接入终端的ACK消息。取决于系统配置，ACK模块236可被配置成生成单播、多播、或广播消息。
功率控制模块238可被配置成部分基于接收到的信号来生成任何反向链路功率控制消息。功率控制模块238还可被配置成生成所需的功率控制消息。
功率控制模块238还可被配置成生成控制SSCH消息的功率密度的功率控制信号。SSCH模块230可基于目的接入终端的需求来对各个单播消息进行功率控制。另外，SSCH模块230可被配置成基于各接入终端所报告的最弱前向链路信号强度来对多播或广播消息进行功率控制。功率控制模块238可被配置成对来自SSCH模块230内每个模块的已编码码元进行定标。在另一实施例中，功率控制模块238可被配置成向导频模块220提供控制信号以对所需的SSCH码元定标。功率控制模块238由此允许SSCH模块230根据需要对每一个SSCH消息进行功率控制。这导致降低的SSCH功率开销。
图3是诸如图2中发射机的SSCH模块生成的信道的共用信令信道的实施例的简易时-频图300。该时频图300详述了对应两个相继帧310和320的SSCH副载波分配。这两个相继帧310和320可表示TDM系统的FDM系统的相继帧，尽管TDM系统中的相继帧可能具有分配给反向链路接入终端传输的一个或多个中间帧(未示出)。
第一帧310包括3个频带312a-312c，它们可表示在该特定帧中指派给SSCH的三个单独副载波。这三个副载波指派312a-312c被示为维持在帧310的整个持续时间上。在一些实施例中，副载波指派可在帧310过程期间改变。副载波指派在帧310过程期间可改变的次数是由跳频算法定义的，并且通常少于该帧310中OFDM码元的数目。
在图3所示的实施例中，副载波指派在帧边界上改变。第二相继帧320也包括与第一帧310中相同数目的指派给SSCH的副载波。在一个实施例中，指派给SSCH的副载波的数目是预定和固定的。例如，SSCH带宽开销可被固定至某一预定水平。在另一实施例中，指派给SSCH的副载波的数目是可变的，并且可由系统控制消息指派。通常，指派给SSCH的副载波的数目不以较高速率改变。
映射到SSCH的副载波可由将逻辑节点指派映射到物理副载波指派的跳频算法确定。在图3所示的实施例中，3个副载波物理指派322a-322c在第二相继帧320中不同。和之前一样，该实施例将副载波指派描绘为在帧320的整个长度上稳定。
图4是生成共用信令信道消息的方法400的实施例的简易流程图。具有图2中所示的SSCH模块的发射机可被配置成执行方法400。方法400描绘了一帧SSCH消息的生成。方法400可被重复以得到其它帧。
方法400始于块410，其中SSCH模块生成信令消息。SSCH模块可响应于请求生成信令消息。例如，SSCH模块可响应于接入请求而生成接入准予消息。类似地，SSCH模块可响应于链路请求或传送数据请求而生成前向链路或反向链路指派块消息。
SSCH模块行进到块412并将信令消息编码。SSCH可被配置成针对特定消息类型——例如接入准予生成单播消息。SSCH模块可被配置成在格式化单播消息时标识目的接入终端的MACID。SSCH模块可编码该消息并可生成CRC码并将该CRC附加到该消息。另外，SSCH可被配置成将给若干接入终端的消息组合在单个多播或广播消息中并编码该经组合的消息。SSCH可包括例如为广播消息指定的MACID。SSCH可为该经组合的消息生成CRC并将该CRC附加到经编码的消息。
SSCH模块可行进到块414以对信令消息进行功率控制。在一个实施例中，SSCH可调节或定标经编码的消息的振幅。在另一实施例中，SSCH模块可指示调制器对码元的振幅进行定标。
SSCH模块随后执行类似步骤以生成ACK和反向链路功率控制反馈消息。在块420，SSCH模块基于接收到的接入终端传输生成所需的ACK消息。SSCH模块行进到块420并将ACK消息编码为例如单播消息。SSCH模块行进到步骤424并调节ACK码元的功率。
SSCH模块行进到块430并例如基于每一单个接入终端传输的收到信号强度生成反向链路功率控制消息。SSCH模块行进到块432并通常将功率控制消息编码为单播消息。SSCH模块行进到块434并调节反向链路功率控制消息码元的功率。
SSCH行进到步骤440并确定诸如信道树等逻辑结构当中的哪些节点被指派给SSCH。SSCH模块行进到块450并将物理副载波指派映射到指派的节点。SSCH模块可使用跳频器算法来将逻辑节点指派映射到副载波指派。跳频器算法可以使得同一节点指派对于不同帧可产生不同的物理副载波指派。跳频器由此可提供一频率分集水平以及一定水平的干扰分集。
SSCH行进到块460并将消息码元映射到指派的副载波。SSCH模块可被配置成在所指派的副载波之间交织消息码元以向该信号引入分集。
对OFDM副载波进行码元调制并且经调制的副载波被变换为传送至各接入终端的OFDM码元。SSCH模块允许一固定带宽的FDM信道被用于信令和反馈消息同时允许在专用于该信道的功率开销的量上具有灵活性。
图5是生成共用信令信道消息的方法500的另一实施例的简易流程图。方法500可以例如由具有图2中所示的SSCH模块的发射机来实现。
方法500始于块510，其中发射机向SSCH指派预定带宽。发射机可指派OFDM副载波集当中基本等于该预定带宽的数个副载波。例如，发射机可向SSCH指派近似可用带宽的10％。
发射机行进到块520并基于该预定带宽向SSCH指派资源。在一个实施例中，该发射机可被配置成从诸如信道树的逻辑资源模型指派资源。信道树可被组织为在节点处分裂直至到达最终基节点或——称为叶节点的数个分支。发射机可通过向SSCH指派一个或多个节点来指派资源。在从信道树指派节点之后，发射机可将逻辑节点映射到OFDM系统中的物理副载波。在物理映射可随时间改变的系统中，发射机可基于逻辑模型来指派节点。例如，发射机可在SSCH的副载波中实现跳频。发射机可维持初始逻辑节点指派并可基于预定跳频算法确定物理副载波映射。
发射机行进到块530并生成将在SSCH上携带的消息。这些消息可以近乎是任意类型的信令或开销消息。例如，这些消息可包括定向至接入终端的信道指派消息、ACK消息、和反向链路功率控制消息、以及其它类型的开销消息。这些消息可以被定向至单个接入终端或可被定向至多个接入终端。在一个实施例中，这些消息中的部分或全部可以是定向至该SSCH所服务的覆盖区内的所有接入终端的广播消息。
在生成消息之后，发射机行进到块540并编码这些消息。这些消息可被组合并与为该经组合的消息生成的单个CRC进行联合编码。在另一实施例中，这些消息中的一些可以是各自被定向至单个接入终端的单播消息并且该消息可包括一基于该单播消息内容的CRC。SSCH消息可包括经组合的消息与单播消息的组合。发射机编码这些消息以生成SSCH码元。在一个实施例中，每个码元被配置为一对应副载波的调制码元。
发射机行进到块550并调节与每个经编码的消息相关联的功率密度。在单播消息的情况下，发射机可基于发射机与所需的接入终端之间通信链路的质量来调节该消息的功率密度。在多播或广播消息的情况下，发射机可基于最差通信链路——其通常对应于处在该SSCH所支持的覆盖区的边缘上的接入终端——来调节消息的功率密度。
发射机行进到块560并用消息码元调制所指派的资源。在一个实施例中，发射机通过以循环方式将消息的各码元映射到所指派的副载波来交织所指派的副载波上的消息码元。发射机用消息码元来调制副载波。
在一个实施例中，发射机可基于消息使用不同调制格式来调制副载波。例如，发射机可使用第一调制格式来调制诸如前向链路和反向链路块指派消息等信令消息，并可使用第二调制格式来调制ACK消息或一些其它消息。发射机可实现各种调制格式，包括但并不限于开关键控、二进制相移键控(BPSK)、四相移键控(QPSK)、或一些其它调制格式。
发射机行进到块570并将副载波变换至OFDM码元。在一个实施例中，调制和副载波变换可由同一模块执行。在其它实施例中，调制和变换是分离的。发射机可以例如实现将OFDM副载波的全部集合映射到同等大小的时域码元集的IFFT模块。
发射机行进到块580并传送包括SSCH的OFDM码元。发射机可例如在传送OFDM码元之前将OFDM码元上变频至预定工作带。
这里已描述了为OFDM无线通信系统生成共用信令信道(SSCH)的方法和装置。SSCH可以是被指派预定带宽的FDM信道。该预定带宽建立了该SSCH所使用的开销带宽。该开销带宽可以通过固定指派给SSCH的副载波的数目来固定。
应该注意的是，这里信道的概念是指接入点或接入终端可传送的信息或传输类型。并不要求或利用固定或预定的副载波块、时间段、或专用于此类传输的其它资源。
SSCH使用的功率开销可以是可变的。SSCH内的消息可被功率控制至满足链路要求所必需的电平。SSCH消息可以是单播消息并且单播消息的功率可被控制为到所希望的接入终端的通信链路所指定的电平。当包括多播或广播消息时，SSCH可控制经组合的消息的功率以满足各目的接入终端体验到的最差情形通信链路。FDM SSCH配置允许在需要被分配以支持该信道的功率资源上有大得多的灵活性。
结合在此公开的实施例描述的各种示例性逻辑块、模块、和电路可用通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、精简指令集计算机(RISC)处理器、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或其它可编程逻辑组件、分立的门或晶体管逻辑、分立的硬件组件、或其设计成执行这里所描述的功能的任何组合来实现或执行。通用处理器可以是微处理器，但是在替换方案中，处理器可以是任何常规处理器、控制器、微控制器或状态机。处理器也可被实现为计算组件的组合，例如DSP与微处理器的组合、多个微处理器、与DSP核心协作的一个或多个微处理器、或任何其它此类配置。
结合在此公开的实施例描述的方法、过程、或算法的步骤可直接以硬件、以处理器执行的软件、或以这两者的组合来体现。
软件模块可驻留在RAM存储器、闪存、非易失性存储器、ROM存储器、EPROM存储器、EEPROM存储器、寄存器、硬盘、可移动盘、CD-ROM或本领域中所知的任何其它形式的存储介质中。存储介质可被耦合到处理器，以使得该处理器可从/向该存储介质读取和写入信息。在替换方案中，存储介质可整合到该处理器。此外各种方法可以这些实施例中所示的次序执行或可使用经修改的步骤次序执行。另外，一个或多个过程或方法步骤可被省略或者一个或多个过程或方法步骤可被添加到这些方法和过程。可在这些方法和过程的现有要素的开头、结尾、或中间添加其它步骤、块、或动作。
提供所公开的实施例的先前描述旨在使本领域的任何技术人员皆能够制作或使用本发明。对于本领域的技术人员对这些实施例的各种修改将是显而易见的，并且在此所定义的一般性原理可适用于其它实施例而不会背离本发明的精神实质或范围。因此，本发明无意被限于这里所示的实施例，而应根据与在此所公开的原理和新颖特征相一致的最宽范围来授权。

Claims (32)

1.一种在包括横跨工作频带的至少一部分的多个副载波的无线通信系统中生成信令信道消息的方法，所述方法包括：
指派对应于分配给信令信道的预定带宽的资源；
生成至少一个消息；
将所述至少一个消息编码以生成至少一个消息码元；
控制所述至少一个消息码元的功率密度；以及
调制分配给所述信令信道的所述资源的至少一部分。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
将包括分配给所述信令信道的所述预定带宽内的至少一个副载波的所述多个副载波变换成OFDM码元；以及
在无线通信链路上传送所述OFDM码元。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述指派资源包括：
从所述多个副载波中确定对应所述预定带宽的数个副载波；以及
将所述多个副载波的等于所述数个副载波的子集指派给所述信令信道。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述指派资源包括：
向所述信令信道指派对应于所述预定带宽的逻辑资源集；以及
将所述逻辑资源集映射到所述多个副载波的相应子集。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述映射逻辑资源集包括部分地基于跳频算法将所述逻辑资源集映射到所述多个副载波的所述相应子集。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述生成至少一个消息包括生成定向至一特定接入终端的至少一个接入准予消息。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个接入准予消息包括对应所述特定接入终端的MACID。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述生成至少一个消息包括生成定向至多个接入终端的至少一个链路指派块消息。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个链路指派块消息包括广播MACID。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述生成至少一个消息包括响应于接收自接入终端的传输生成至少一个确认(ACK)消息。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述生成至少一个消息包括生成定向至一特定接入终端的至少一个反向功率链路控制消息。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述编码至少一个消息包括：
生成对应于单个消息的循环冗余码(CRC)；以及
将所述CRC附加到所述单个消息。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述编码至少一个消息包括：
聚集多个消息以生成组合的消息；
将所述组合的消息编码；以及
将对应于所述组合的消息的循环冗余校验(CRC)附加到所述组合的消息。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述调制资源的至少一部分包括：
用来自所述至少一个消息码元的第一消息码元调制分配给所述信令信道的第一副载波；以及
用来自所述至少一个消息码元的第二消息码元调制分配给所述信令信道的第二副载波。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述调制资源的至少一部分包括跨分配给所述信令信道的至少两个副载波地交织所述至少一个消息码元。
16.一种在包括横跨工作频带的至少一部分的多个副载波的无线通信系统中生成信令信道消息的方法，所述方法包括：
生成至少一个消息；
将所述至少一个消息编码以生成多个消息码元；
调节与所述多个消息码元相关联的功率密度；
从所述多个副载波中确定指派给信令信道的副载波子集；以及
用来自所述多个消息码元的至少一个码元调制所述副载波子集中的每一个。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述生成至少一个消息包括生成定向至一特定接入终端的单播消息。
18.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述生成至少一个消息包括生成定向至一特定接入终端群的多播消息。
19.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述生成至少一个消息包括生成定向至所述信令信道所服务的覆盖区内的任何接入终端的广播消息。
20.如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
将所述多个副载波变换成OFDM码元；以及
在无线信道上传送所述OFDM码元。
21.一种配置成在包括横跨工作频带的至少一部分的多个副载波的无线通信系统中生成信令信道消息的装置，所述装置包括：
调度器，被配置成向信令信道指派所述多个副载波的子集；
信令模块，被配置成生成至少一个信令消息；
功率控制模块，被配置成调节所述至少一个信令消息的功率密度；以及
信号映射器，被耦合至所述调度器和所述信令模块并被配置成将来自所述至少一个信令消息的码元映射到所述多个副载波的所述子集。
22.如权利要求21所述的装置，其特征在于，所述调度器被配置成部分地基于跳频算法来指派所述多个副载波的所述子集。
23.如权利要求21所述的装置，其特征在于，所述调度器被配置成从所述多个副载波指派固定数目的副载波。
24.如权利要求21所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个信令消息包括定向至多个接入终端的广播信令消息。
25.如权利要求21所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个信令消息包括定向至由相应MACID标识的特定接入终端的单播信令消息。
26.如权利要求21所述的装置，其特征在于，所述功率控制模块被配置成调节来自所述至少一个信令消息的每个码元的振幅。
27.如权利要求21所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括耦合至所述信号映射器并被配置成将所述多个副载波变换成时域OFDM码元的快速傅立叶逆变换(IFFT)模块。
28.一种配置成在包括横跨工作频带的至少一部分的多个副载波的无线通信系统中生成信令信道消息的装置，所述装置包括：
用于生成至少一个消息的装置；
用于将所述至少一个消息编码以生成多个消息码元的装置；
用于调节与所述多个消息码元相关联的功率密度的装置；
用于从所述多个副载波中确定指派给信令信道的副载波子集的装置；以及
用于用来自所述多个消息码元的至少一个码元调制所述副载波子集中的每一个的装置。
29.如权利要求28所述的装置，其特征在于，所述用于生成至少一个消息的装置包括用于生成广播信令消息的装置。
30.如权利要求28所述的装置，其特征在于，所述用于生成至少一个消息的装置包括用于生成单播确认消息的装置。
31.如权利要求28所述的装置，其特征在于，所述用于生成至少一个消息的装置包括用于生成单播反向链路功率控制消息的装置。
32.如权利要求28所述的装置，其特征在于，所述用于确定指派给信令信道的副载波子集的装置包括用于部分地基于跳频算法来确定所述副载波子集的装置。
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CN104012142A (zh) * 2012-12-18 2014-08-27 华为技术有限公司 公共操作处理方法及装置

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