CN101347017B - 用于ofdm中的共享信令信道的资源分配 - Google Patents

用于ofdm中的共享信令信道的资源分配 Download PDF

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CN101347017B
CN101347017B CN2006800488324A CN200680048832A CN101347017B CN 101347017 B CN101347017 B CN 101347017B CN 2006800488324 A CN2006800488324 A CN 2006800488324A CN 200680048832 A CN200680048832 A CN 200680048832A CN 101347017 B CN101347017 B CN 101347017B
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阿莫德·卡恩德卡尔
阿列克谢·戈罗霍夫
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
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    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
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    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H04L5/0012—Hopping in multicarrier systems
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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Abstract

可在正交频分多址(OFDMA)通信系统中使用共享信令信道将信令、确认及功率控制消息提供到所述系统内的接入终端。所述共享信令信道可包括可指派到副载波、OFDM符号或其组合的保留逻辑资源。

Description

用于OFDM中的共享信令信道的资源分配
根据35U.S.C.§120主张优先权
本申请案主张2005年10月27日申请的标题为“共享信令信道(SHAREDSIGNALING CHANNEL)”的第11/261,158号美国专利申请案的优先权，所述申请案在此以引用方式明确并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信领域。更确切地说，本发明涉及无线通信系统中的共享信令信道的资源分配。
背景技术
无线通信系统可经配置为多址通信系统。在所述系统中，通信系统可在一组预定义的资源上一同支持多个用户。通信装置可通过请求接入及接收接入准予来在通信系统中建立链路。
无线通信系统准予给请求通信装置的资源在很大程度上取决于所实施的多址系统的类型。举例来说，多址系统可基于时间、频率、码空间或若干因素的某组合而分配资源。
无线通信系统需要传送所分配资源且跟踪所述资源以确保不会为两个或两个以上通信装置分配重叠的资源，使得到所述通信装置的通信链路不会降级。此外，无线通信系统需要跟踪所分配资源以便跟踪当通信链路终止时被释放或以其它方式可用的资源。
无线通信系统通常以集中方式(例如从集中通信装置)将资源分配到通信装置及对应的通信链路。经分配的资源及(在一些情况下)经解除分配的资源需要传送到通信装置。通常，无线通信系统将一个或一个以上通信信道专用于资源分配及相关开销的传输。
然而，分配到开销信道的资源量通常会减损无线通信系统的资源及对应容量。资源分配是通信系统的重要方面且需要小心以确保分配到资源分配的信道是稳固的。然而，无线通信系统需要使对于稳固资源分配信道的需要与对于最小化对通信信道的不利影响的需要平衡。
需要配置提供稳固通信但仍引入系统性能的最小降级的资源分配信道。
发明内容
共享信令信道可在无线通信系统中用以将信令消息提供到所述系统内的接入终端。所述共享信令信道可指派到任何帧内的预定数目的副载波。预定数目的副载波到共享信令信道的指派产生所述信道的固定带宽开销。指派到信道的实际副载波可周期性地变化，且可根据预定的跳频调度而变化。分配到信令信道的信号功率量可视通信链路的功率要求而定在每符号的基础上变化。共享信令信道可将信道上携载的每一消息引导到一个或一个以上接入终端。单播(Unicast)或以其它方式引导的消息允许按个别通信链路的需要来控制信道功率。
本发明包含在无线通信系统中产生控制信道消息的方法。所述方法包括将逻辑控制信道资源指派到物理信道资源，其中所述逻辑控制信道资源不同于经指派用于数据传输的逻辑业务信道资源，且所述物理信道资源对应于副载波与OFDM符号的组合。所述方法还包括产生及编码至少一个消息，及随后在所述物理信道资源的至少一部分上传输所述至少一个消息。以上方法还可实施于分离的装置结构中。
本发明还包含经配置以产生信令信道消息的设备，所述设备包括经配置以将逻辑信令信道资源指派到物理信道资源的调度器，其中所述逻辑控制信道资源不同于经指派用于数据传输的指派到业务信道的逻辑业务信道资源，且所述物理信道资源对应于副载波与OFDM符号的组合。所述设备还包含经配置以产生至少一个信令消息的信令模块，及经配置以利用指派到所述逻辑信令信道资源的副载波及OFDM符号中的至少一些来传输所述至少一个信令消息的发射器。
附图说明
本发明各方面的特征、目的和优点将从以下结合附图陈述的详细描述中变得更显而易见，其中相同元件用相同参考符号表示。
图1为具有共享信令信道的通信系统的各方面的简化功能框图。
图2为支持共享信令信道的发射器的各方面的简化功能框图。
图3为共享信令信道的各方面的简化时间频率图。
图4说明在具有共享信令信道的通信系统中产生信令消息的方法的各方面。
图5说明在具有共享信令信道的通信系统中产生信令消息的另一方法的各方面。
图6说明用于在具有共享信令信道的通信系统中产生信令消息的简化设备的各方面。
具体实施方式
OFDMA无线通信系统中的共享信令信道(SSCH)可用以传送实施于所述系统内的各种信令及反馈消息。无线通信系统可实施SSCH作为多个前向链路通信信道中的一者。可在通信系统内的多个接入终端之间同时或一同共享所述SSCH。
无线通信系统可在前向链路SSCH中传送各种信令消息。举例来说，无线通信系统可包含接入准予消息、前向链路指派消息、反向链路指派消息，以及可在前向链路信道上传送的任何其它信令消息。
SSCH还可用以将反馈消息传送到接入终端。反馈消息可包含证实接入终端传输的成功接收的确认(ACK)消息。反馈消息还可包含用以指示传输接入终端改变传输功率的反向链路功率控制消息。
SSCH中利用的实际信道可为上述信道的全部或一些。此外，其它信道可另外包含在SSCH中或代替以上信道的任一者。
无线通信系统可将预定数目的副载波、OFDM符号或其组合分配到SSCH。将预定数目的副载波、OFDM符号或其组合指派到SSCH产生信道的带宽开销。指派到SSCH的实际副载波、OFDM符号或其组合可周期性地变化，且可根据预定的跳频调度而变化。在某些方面中，指派到SSCH的副载波、OFDM符号或其组合的识别可在每一帧上变化。
分配到SSCH的功率量可取决于携载SSCH消息的通信链路的要求而变化。举例来说，在SSCH消息传输到远距接入终端时，SSCH功率可增加。相反地，在SSCH消息传输到邻近接入终端时，SSCH功率可减小。如果不存在待传输的SSCH消息，则SSCH不必分配有任何功率。因为在实施单播消息传递时，分配到SSCH的功率可在每用户的基础上变化，所以SSCH要求相对低的功率开销。分配到SSCH的功率仅在特定通信链路需要时增加。
SSCH对用于各种接入终端的数据信道造成的干扰量可基于指派到SSCH的副载波及接入终端以及SSCH及数据信道的相对功率电平而变化。SSCH对于许多通信链路实质上不造成干扰。
图1为在前向链路上实施SSCH的无线通信系统100的各方面的简化功能框图。所述系统100包含可与一个或一个以上接入终端110a-110b通信的一个或一个以上固定元件。虽然对图1的系统100的描述大体描述无线电话系统或无线数据通信系统，但系统100并不限于实施为无线电话系统或无线数据通信系统，且系统100也不限于具有图1中所示的特定元件。
接入终端110a通常与一个或一个以上基站120a或120b(此处绘示为分区蜂窝式塔)通信。系统100的其它方面可代替基站120a及120b包含若干接入点。在所述系统100中，可省略BSC 130及MSC 140，且可用一个或一个以上交换器、集线器或路由器替代BSC 130及MSC 140。
如本文中所使用，基站可为用于与终端通信的固定站，且还可被称作接入点、节点B或某其它术语，且包含接入点、节点B或某其它术语的一些或所有功能性。接入终端还可被称作用户设备(UE)、无线通信装置、终端、移动台或某其它术语，且包含用户设备(UE)、无线通信装置、终端、移动台或某其它术语的一些或所有功能性。
接入终端110a通常将与在接入终端110a内的接收器处提供最强信号强度的基站(例如，120b)通信。第二接入终端110b也可经配置以与同一基站120b通信。然而，第二接入终端110b可远离基站120b，且可在基站120b所服务的覆盖区域的边缘上。
所述一个或一个以上基站120a-120b可经配置以对用于前向链路、反向链路或两个链路中的信道资源进行调度。每一基站120a-120b可传送副载波指派、确认消息、反向链路功率控制消息及使用SSCH的其它开销消息。
基站120a及120b中的每一者可耦合到基站控制器(BSC)130，所述基站控制器路由通信信号到适当的基站120a及120b且从适当的基站120a及120b路由通信信号。BSC130耦合到移动交换中心(MSC)140，所述移动交换中心可经配置以作为接入终端110a-110b与公共交换电话网络(PSTN)150之间的接口操作。在其它方面中，系统100可代替PSTN 150实施或另外实施分组数据服务节点(PDSN)。所述PDSN可操作以介接分组交换网络(例如网络160)与系统100的无线部分。在某些方面中，系统100不必利用PSTN 150，且MSC 140可直接耦合到网络160。在额外方面中，MSC 140与PSTN150均可省略，且BSC 130及/或基站120可直接耦合到基于分组的或电路交换网络160。
MSC 140还可经配置以作为接入终端110a-110b与网络160之间的接口操作。网络160可为(例如)局域网络(LAN)或广域网络(WAN)。在某些方面中，网络160包含因特网。因此，MSC 140耦合到PSTN 150及网络160。MSC 140还可经配置以使系统间越区切换与其它通信系统(未图示)协调。
无线通信系统100可经配置为利用OFDM通信的在前向链路与反向链路中均具有通信的OFDMA系统。术语“前向链路”是指从基站120a或120b到接入终端110a-110b的通信链路，且术语“反向链路”是指从接入终端110a-110b到基站120a或120b的通信链路。基站120a及120b与接入终端110a-110b均可为信道及干扰估计分配资源。
基站120a及120b以及接入终端110可经配置以出于信道及干扰估计的目的而广播导频信号。所述导频信号可包含宽带导频、跨越总频谱的窄带导频集合或其组合。
无线通信系统100可包含跨越OFDMA系统的操作带宽的一组副载波(或者被称作音调(tone))。通常，所述副载波是等间隔的。无线通信系统100可分配一个或一个以上副载波作为保护带，且系统100可不利用所述保护带内的副载波来与接入终端110a-110b通信。
在某些方面中，无线通信系统100可包含跨越20MHz的操作频带的2048个副载波，所述副载波可分成独立载波，每一独立载波以其自身SSCH及其它资源覆盖20MHz的固定部分。具有实质上等于一个或一个以上副载波所占用带宽的带宽的保护带可分配于操作带的每一端上。
无线通信系统100可经配置以频分双工(FDD)前向及反向链路。在FDD方面中，前向链路从反向链路频率偏移。因此，前向链路副载波从反向链路副载波频率偏移。通常，频率偏移是固定的，使得前向链路信道以预定频率偏移与反向链路副载波分离。前向链路及反向链路可使用FDD同时或并行通信。
在另一方面中，无线通信系统100可经配置以时分双工(TDD)前向及反向链路。在所述方面中，前向链路及反向链路可共享相同的副载波，且无线通信系统100在预定时间间隔内可在前向与反向链路通信之间交替。在TDD中，所分配频率信道在前向与反向链路之间是相同的，但分配到前向及反向链路的时间是不同的。对前向或反向链路信道执行的信道估计由于互反性对于互补的反向或前向链路信道通常是准确的。
无线通信系统100还可在前向及反向链路的一者或两者中实施交错格式。交错是时分多路复用的形式，其中通信链路时序被循环指派到预定数目的交错周期中的一者。到接入终端中的一者(例如，110a)的特定通信链路可被指派到所述交错周期中的一者，且在特定经指派通信链路上的通信仅在经指派交错周期期间发生。举例来说，无线通信系统100可实施一为六的交错周期。识别为1-6的每一交错周期具有预定持续时间。每一交错周期以一为六的周期周期性地发生。因此，指派到特定交错周期的通信链路每六个周期现用一次。
交错的通信在实施(例如)混合自动重复请求(HARQ)算法等自动重复请求架构的无线通信系统100中尤其有用。无线通信系统100可实施HARQ架构以处理数据再传输。在所述系统中，发射器可以第一数据速率发送初始传输且可在未接收到确认消息时自动再传输数据。发射器可以较低数据速率发送后续再传输。HARQ递增冗余再传输方案可在提供早期终止增益及稳固性方面改进系统性能。
交错格式允许充分时间用于在下一发生的所指派交错周期之前对ACK消息的处理。举例来说，接入终端110a可接收所传输数据且传输确认消息，且基站120b可及时接收且处理所述确认消息以在下一发生的交错周期时防止再传输。或者，如果基站120b未能接收ACK消息，则基站120b可在指派到接入终端110a的下一发生的交错周期时再传输数据。
基站120a-120b可在每一交错中传输SSCH消息，但可将在每一交错中发生的消息限制为指派到所述特定现用交错的既定用于接入终端110a-110b的那些消息。基站120a-120b可限制需在每一交错周期中调度的SSCH消息的量。
无线通信系统100可在前向链路中实施频分多路复用(FDM)SSCH以用于传送信令及反馈消息。每一基站120a-120b可将预定或可变数目的副载波、OFDM符号或其组合分配到SSCH。在其它方面中，仅逻辑资源可经指派到SSCH且那些资源随后根据可与用于业务信道的映射方案相同或不同的映射方案予以映射。无线通信系统100可经配置以将固定或可变的带宽开销分配到SSCH。每一基站120a-120b可将预定百分比(具有最小值及最大值)的其物理信道资源(例如，副载波、OFDM符号或其组合)分配到SSCH。此外，每一基站120a或120b可将不同的一组物理信道资源分配到SSCH。举例来说，每一基站120a或120b可经配置以将大致10％的物理信道资源分配到SSCH。
每一基站(例如，120b)可将呈来自信道树的多个节点形式的逻辑资源分配到SSCH。所述信道树是可包含最终终止于叶或基本节点中的多个分支的信道模型。树中的每一节点可加以标记，且每一节点识别在其之下的每一节点及基本节点。树的叶或基本节点可对应于最小可指派逻辑资源，例如单一副载波、OFDM符号或副载波与OFDM符号的组合。因此，信道树提供用于在无线通信系统100中指派并跟踪可用物理信道资源的逻辑映射。
基站120b可将来自信道树的节点映射到用于前向及反向链路中的物理信道资源。举例来说，基站120b可通过指派来自信道树的对应数目的基本节点到SSCH来将预定数目的资源分配到SSCH。基站120b可将逻辑节点指派映射到最终由基站120b传输的物理信道资源指派。
在物理信道资源指派可改变时，使用逻辑信道树结构或某其它逻辑结构来跟踪指派到SSCH的资源可为有利的。举例来说，基站120a-120b可针对SSCH以及其它信道(例如数据信道)实施跳频算法。基站120a-120b可针对每一经指派副载波实施伪随机跳频方案。基站120a-120b可使用跳频算法来将来自信道树的逻辑节点映射到对应的物理信道资源指派。
跳频算法可在符号基础或块基础上执行跳频。除了没有两个节点指派到同一物理副载波之外，符号速率跳频可对不同于任何其它副载波的每一个别副载波跳频。在块跳频中，副载波的相连块可经配置成以维持所述相连块结构的方式跳频。就信道树来说，高于叶节点的分支节点可指派到跳频算法。在所述分支节点之下的基本节点可遵循应用到所述分支节点的跳频算法。
基站120a-120b可在周期基础上(例如每一帧、一数目的帧或某其它预定数目的OFDM符号)执行跳频。如本文中所使用，帧是指OFDM符号的预定结构，其可包含一个或一个以上前置符号(preamble symbol)及一个或一个以上数据符号。接收器可经配置以利用相同跳频算法来确定将哪些副载波指派到SSCH或对应的数据信道。
基站120a-120b可用SSCH消息来调制指派到SSCH的副载波中的每一者。所述消息可包含信令消息及反馈消息。信令消息可包含接入准予消息、前向链路指派块消息及反向链路块指派消息。反馈消息可包含确认(ACK)消息及反向链路功率控制消息。在SSCH中利用的实际信道可为以上所述信道中的全部或一些。此外，其它信道可另外包含在SSCH中或代替以上信道的任一者。
接入准予消息由基站120b用以确认接入终端110a的接入企图且指派一媒体接入控制识别(MACID)。接入准予消息还可包含一初始反向链路信道指派。可根据由接入终端110a传输的先前接入探针(access probe)的指数而扰乱对应于接入准予的调制符号的序列。此扰乱使接入终端110a能够仅响应于对应于其所传输的探针序列的接入准予块。
基站120b可使用前向及反向链路接入块消息来提供前向或反向链路副载波指派。所述指派消息还可包含例如调制格式、编码格式及分组格式的其它参数。基站通常提供信道指派到特定接入终端110a，且可使用经指派MACID来识别目标接收者。
基站120a-120b通常响应于传输的成功接收而将ACK消息传输到特定接入终端110a-110b。每一ACK消息可如指示肯定或否定确认的一位消息一样简单。ACK消息可(例如)通过使用信道树中的与用于所述接入终端的其它(节点)相关的节点而链接到每一副载波，或可链接到一特定MACID。另外，可出于分集的目的而在多个分组上编码ACK消息。
基站120a-120b可传输反向链路功率控制消息以控制来自接入终端110a-110b中的每一者的反向链路传输的功率密度。基站120a-120b可传输反向功率控制消息以命令接入终端110a-110b增加或减小其功率密度。
基站120a-120b可经配置以个别地将SSCH消息中的每一者单播到特定接入终端110a-110b。在单播消息传递中，每一消息独立于其它消息得以调制及功率控制。或者，引导到特定用户的消息可得以组合且独立地调制及功率控制。
在另一方面中，基站120a-120b可经配置以组合用于多个接入终端110a-110b的消息且将经组合消息多播到多个接入终端110a-110b。在多播中，用于多个接入终端的消息可以经联合编码及功率控制的组而加以分组。对于经联合编码的消息的功率控制需要以具有最差通信链路的接入终端为目标。因此，如果用于两个接入终端110a及110b的消息得以组合，则基站120b设定经组合消息的功率控制以确保具有最差链路的接入终端110a接收传输。然而，确保满足最差通信链路所需的功率电平可实质上大于对于极靠近基站120b处的接入终端110b所需的功率电平。因此，在一些方面中，对于具有实质上类似的信道特性(例如，SNR、功率偏移等)的那些接入终端，SSCH消息可经联合编码及功率控制。
在另一方面中，基站120a-120b可将用于由基站(例如，120b)服务的所有接入终端110a-110b的所有消息信息分组，且将经组合消息广播到所有接入终端110a-110b。在广播方法中，所有消息经联合编码且调制，而功率控制以具有最差前向链路信号强度的接入终端为目标。
单播信令在其中多播及广播需要显著功率开销以到达用于大量位的小区边缘的那些情形中可为有利的。单播消息可得益于经由功率控制在具有不同前向链路信号强度的接入终端之间的功率共享。单播消息传递还得益于许多反向链路基本节点可在任何给定时间点处未被指派以使得不必消耗能量来报告用于那些节点的ACK的事实。
从MAC逻辑观点，单播设计使无线通信系统100能够扰乱具有目标MACID的ACK消息，从而防止(经由例如遗漏解除指派的指派信令错误)被ACK定为目标的错误地认为其经指派有相关资源的接入终端错误地解译实际上既定用于另一MACID的ACK。因此，所述接入终端在单一分组之后将从错误指派状态恢复，由于所述分组不可得到肯定地确认，且接入终端将使错误指派期满。
从链路性能观点，广播或多播方法的主要优点为归因于联合编码的编码增益。然而，功率控制的增益实质上超过用于实际几何分布的编码增益。并且，单播消息传递与经联合编码及CRC保护的消息相比可展示出较高错误率。然而，实际上可实现的0.01％到0.1％的错误率是令人满意的。
基站120a-120b多播或广播一些消息同时单播其它(消息)可为有利的。举例来说，指派消息可经配置以自动解除指派来自当前使用指派消息中所指示的对应于副载波的资源的接入终端的资源。因此，经常多播指派消息，由于其以指派的既定接收者与指派消息中所规定的资源的任何当前用户为目标。
图2为例如可并入图1的无线通信系统的基站内的OFDMA发射器200的一方面的简化功能框图。发射器200经配置以将一个或一个以上OFDMA信号传输到一个或一个以上接入终端。发射器200包含SSCH模块230，所述SSCH模块经配置以在前向链路中产生且实施SSCH。
发射器200包含数据缓冲器210，所述数据缓冲器经配置以存储指定用于一个或一个以上接入终端的数据。数据缓冲器210可经配置(例如)以保持指定用于在对应的基站所支持的覆盖区域中的接入终端中的每一者的数据。
数据可为(例如)原始未经编码数据或经编码数据。通常，存储于数据缓冲器210中的数据未经编码，且耦合到编码器212，在所述编码器中根据所要编码速率对其编码。编码器212可包含用于错误检测及前向错误校正(FEC)的编码。可根据一个或一个以上编码算法来编码数据缓冲器210中的数据。所述编码算法及所得编码速率中的每一者可与多格式混合自动重复请求(HARQ)系统的特定数据格式相关联。所述编码可包含(但不限于)卷积编码、块编码、交错、直接序列扩展、循环冗余编码等或某其它编码。
待传输的经编码数据耦合到串行到并行转换器及信号映射器214，其经配置以将来自编码器212的串行数据流转换为多个并行数据流。信号映射器214可基于由调度器(未图示)提供的输入而确定用于每一接入终端的副载波的数目及副载波的识别。分配到任何特定接入终端的载波的数目可为所有可用载波的一子组。因此，信号映射器214将指定用于特定接入终端的数据映射到对应于分配到彼接入终端的数据载波的那些并行数据流。
SSCH模块230经配置以产生SSCH消息、编码所述消息且提供经编码消息到信号映射器214。SSCH模块230还可提供指派到SSCH的副载波的识别。SSCH模块230可包含调度器252，所述调度器经配置以确定来自信道树的节点且将其指派到SSCH。调度器252的输出可耦合到跳频模块254。跳频模块254可经配置以将调度器252所确定的经指派信道树节点映射到物理副载波指派。跳频模块254可实施预定跳频算法。
信号映射器214接收SSCH消息符号及副载波指派，且将SSCH符号映射到适当的副载波。在某些方面中，SSCH模块230可经配置以产生串行消息流，且信号映射器214可经配置以将所述串行消息映射到经指派副载波。
在某些方面中，信号映射器214可经配置以在所有经指派副载波上交错来自SSCH消息的每一调制符号。交错用于SSCH的调制符号为SSCH信号提供最大频率及干扰分集。
信号映射器214的输出耦合到导频模块220，所述导频模块经配置以将副载波的预定部分分配到导频信号。在某些方面中，所述导频信号可包含跨越实质上整个操作带的多个等间隔副载波。导频模块220可经配置以用对应的数据或导频信号来调制OFDMA系统的载波中的每一者。
在某些方面中，SSCH符号用以BPSK调制经指派副载波。在另一方面中，SSCH符号用以QPSK调制经指派副载波。虽然实际上可适应任何调制类型，但使用具有可由旋转相量表示的群集的调制格式可为有利的，因为量值不根据符号而变化。由于SSCH可因而具有不同偏移但具有相同导频基准，且从而较易于解调，所以此可为有益的。
导频模块220的输出耦合到快速傅立叶逆变换(IFFT)模块222。IFFT模块222经配置以将OFDMA载波变换为对应的时域符号。当然，快速傅立叶变换(FFT)实施并非要求，且离散傅立叶变换(DFT)或某其它类型的变换可用以产生所述时域符号。IFFT模块222的输出耦合到并行到串行转换器224，所述转换器经配置以将并行时域符号转换为串行流。
串行OFDMA符号流从并行到串行转换器224耦合到收发器240。在图2中所示的方面中，收发器240是经配置以传输前向链路信号且接收反向链路信号的基站收发器。
收发器240包含前向链路发射器模块244，所述前向链路发射器模块经配置成以适当频率将串行符号流转换到模拟信号以便经由天线246广播到接入终端。收发器240还可包含反向链路接收器模块242，所述反向链路接收器模块耦合到天线246且经配置以接收由一个或一个以上远程接入终端传输的信号。
SSCH模块230经配置以产生SSCH消息。如之前所述，SSCH消息可包含信令消息。此外，SSCH消息可包含反馈消息，例如ACK消息或功率控制消息。SSCH模块230耦合到接收器模块242的输出且部分地分析所接收信号以产生信令及反馈消息。
SSCH模块230包含信令模块232、ACK模块236及功率控制模块238。信令模块232可经配置以产生所要信令消息且根据所要编码而对其编码。举例来说，信令模块232可针对接入请求分析所接收信号且可产生被引导到发端接入终端的接入准予消息。信令模块232还可产生且编码任何前向链路或反向链路块指派消息。
同样地，ACK模块236可产生被引导到接入终端(成功为其接收了传输)的ACK消息。ACK模块236可经配置以视系统配置而定产生单播、多播或广播消息。
功率控制模块238可经配置以部分地基于所接收信号而产生任何反向链路功率控制消息。功率控制模块238还可经配置以产生所要功率控制消息。
功率控制模块238还可经配置以产生控制SSCH消息的功率密度的功率控制信号。SSCH模块230可基于目的地接入终端的需要而功率控制个别单播消息。此外，SSCH模块230可经配置以基于由接入终端报告的最弱前向链路信号强度而功率控制多播或广播消息。功率控制模块238可经配置以缩放来自SSCH模块230内的模块中的每一者的经编码符号。在另一方面中，功率控制模块238可经配置以将控制信号提供到导频模块220以缩放所要SSCH符号。功率控制模块238因此允许SSCH模块230根据其需要而功率控制SSCH消息中的每一者。此导致SSCH的功率开销减少。
应注意，绘示于图2中的一个或一个以上元件可集成到具有集成或及外部存储器模块的处理器中。
图3为共享信令信道的一方面的简化时间频率图300，所述信道由图2的发射器的SSCH模块产生。时间频率图300详述对于两个连续帧310及320的SSCH副载波分配。两个连续帧310及320可表示FDM系统或TDM系统的连续帧，尽管TDM系统中的连续帧可具有分配到反向链路接入终端传输的一个或一个以上插入帧(未图示)。
第一帧310包含三个频带312a-312c，所述三个频带可表示在特定帧中指派到SSCH的三个单独的副载波。三个副载波指派312a-312c展示为在帧310的整个持续时间内得以维护。在一些方面中，副载波指派可在帧310的过程期间改变。副载波指派可在帧310的过程期间改变的次数由跳频算法定义，且通常小于帧310中的OFDM符号的数目。
在图3中所示的方面中，副载波指派在帧边界上改变。第二连续帧320还包含与第一帧310中相同数目的指派到SSCH的副载波。在某些方面中，指派到SSCH的副载波的数目是预定的且是固定的。举例来说，SSCH带宽开销可固定到某预定电平。在另一方面中，指派到SSCH的副载波的数目是可变的，且可由系统控制消息指派。通常，指派到SSCH的副载波的数目并不以高速率变化。
映射到SSCH的副载波可通过将逻辑节点指派映射到物理副载波指派的跳频算法来确定。在图3中所示的方面中，三个副载波物理指派322a-322c在第二连续帧320中是不同的。如前文所述，所述方面将副载波指派绘示为对于帧320的整个长度是稳定的。
应注意，虽然图3绘示用于一个或一个以上副载波的指派到一数目的相连OFDM符号的SSCH，但此不必为所述情况，且SSCH可以任何方式(例如，以符号速率跳频方式或用于一个或一个以上符号的相邻副载波、OFDM符号或其组合的块)映射。应注意，如图3中所绘示，用于分配资源的方案对于数据及SSCH信道可不同。另外，在将数据传输指派到逻辑控制信道资源的情况下，那些指派可被丢弃或以其它方式在基站处不被执行。
图4说明在具有共享信令信道的通信系统中产生信令消息的方法400的各方面。具有如图2中所示的SSCH模块的发射器可经配置以执行方法400。方法400绘示SSCH消息的一个帧的产生。可对额外帧重复方法400。
方法400开始于框410处，其中SSCH模块产生信令消息。SSCH模块可响应于请求而产生信令消息。举例来说，SSCH模块可响应于接入请求而产生接入准予消息。同样地，SSCH模块可响应于链路请求或对传输数据的请求而产生前向链路或反向链路指派块消息。
SSCH模块进行到框412且编码信令消息。SSCH可经配置以产生用于特定消息类型(例如，接入准予)的单播消息。SSCH模块可经配置以在格式化单播消息时识别目的地接入终端的MACID。SSCH模块可编码所述消息且可产生CRC码并将CRC附加到所述消息。此外，SSCH可经配置以将用于若干接入终端的消息组合成单一多播或广播消息且编码经组合消息。SSCH可(例如)包含指定用于广播消息的MACID。SSCH可为经组合消息产生CRC且将CRC附加到经编码消息。
SSCH模块可(尽管不必)进行到框414以功率控制信令消息。在某些方面中，SSCH可调整或以其它方式缩放经编码消息的振幅。在另一方面中，SSCH模块可引导调制器缩放符号的振幅。
SSCH模块随后可(尽管不必)执行类似操作以产生ACK及反向链路功率控制反馈消息。在框420处，SSCH模块基于所接收接入终端传输而产生所要ACK消息。SSCH模块进行到框422且将ACK消息编码为(例如)单播消息。SSCH模块进行到框424且调整ACK符号的功率。
SSCH模块进行到框430且(例如)基于每一个别接入终端传输的所接收信号强度而产生反向链路功率控制消息。SSCH模块进行到框432且通常将功率控制消息编码为单播消息。SSCH模块进行到框434且调整反向链路功率控制消息符号的功率。
SSCH进行到框440且确定将哪些逻辑资源(例如信道树)指派到SSCH。SSCH模块进行到框450且将物理信道资源指派映射到经指派节点。SSCH模块可使用跳频算法来将逻辑节点指派映射到物理信道资源指派。跳频算法可如此，使得同一节点指派对于不同帧可产生不同物理信道资源指派。跳频器可因此提供频率分集的电平，以及干扰分集的某电平。
SSCH进行到框460且将消息符号映射到经指派物理信道资源。SSCH模块可经配置以在经指派物理信道资源之间交错消息符号以便向信号引入分集。
符号调制OFDM副载波，且将经调制副载波变换为传输到各种接入终端的OFDM符号。SSCH模块允许将固定带宽FDM信道用于信令及反馈消息，同时允许专用于所述信道的功率开销量的灵活性。
应注意，虽然图4说明产生SSCH传输包含信令、确认、功率控制及指派消息，但可代替所述布置利用这些消息中的一个或以上消息以及一个或一个以上其它消息类型。
图5说明在具有共享信令信道的通信系统中产生信令消息的另一方法500的各方面。所述方法500可开始于框510处，其中将逻辑控制信道资源指派到物理信道资源。逻辑控制信道资源不同于用于数据传输的指派到物理信道资源的逻辑业务信道资源。在某些方面中，可通过将逻辑资源仅指派到信令信道来提供差别。在其它方面中，可保留这些逻辑资源用于信令信道，但允许系统(例如，调度器)将保留到信令信道的任何未使用逻辑资源指派到数据传输。另外，逻辑资源可为信道树的节点、跳频算法的跳频端口(hopport)，或其它逻辑资源。在某些方面中，物理信道资源对应于副载波、OFDM符号或副载波与OFDM符号的组合。
资源的指派可根据所利用的一个或一个以上跳频算法而变化。这些跳频算法对于指派到信令及数据信道的逻辑资源可变化，例如，对于逻辑信令信道资源及逻辑数据信道资源可利用不同信道树。另外，不同类型的信令信道资源(例如，信令、确认、功率控制及指派)中的每一者可具有不同的逻辑资源或全部可任意或确定地映射到指派到信令资源的逻辑或(指派后)物理资源。
可随后产生(框520)且编码(框530)信令消息。随后基于对应于消息的符号到指派到逻辑信令信道资源的物理信道资源的映射而传输消息(框540)。信令消息可为信令、确认、功率控制、指派或其它类型。另外，单一消息可具有多个信令消息类型，例如，单播消息可具有用于特定用户的信令、确认及功率控制信息。
此外，可由SSCH模块通过调整或以其它方式缩放经编码消息或符号的振幅来执行对信令消息或其符号的功率控制。
虽然图5绘示发生于符号调制及编码之前的指派，但三个功能的次序相对于三个其它功能可为独立的，例如，颠倒或同时的。
应注意，在一些情况(例如，其中对于信令(例如，SSCH)逻辑资源与数据逻辑资源两者使用同一信道树)下，调度器可为数据信道指派经保留用于信令的逻辑资源。在所述情况下，将从指派到终端的传输资源丢弃逻辑资源。或者，当将数据信道指派到保留用于信令的逻辑资源时，重新指派也是可可能的，例如，保留用于信令的逻辑资源的每一指派具有一个或一个以上相关逻辑资源(数据指派传递到其)。
图6说明用于在具有共享信令信道的通信系统中产生信令消息的简化设备600的各方面。所述设备包含用于将逻辑控制信道资源指派到物理信道资源的装置610。逻辑控制信道资源不同于用于数据传输的指派到物理信道资源的逻辑业务信道资源。在某些方面中，可提供差别从而将逻辑资源仅指派到信令信道。在其它方面中，可保留这些资源用于信令信道，但允许系统(例如，调度器)将保留到信令信道的任何未使用逻辑资源指派到数据传输。另外，逻辑资源可为信道树的节点、跳频算法的跳频端口，或其它逻辑资源。在某些方面中，物理信道资源对应于副载波、OFDM符号或副载波与OFDM符号的组合。
资源的指派可根据所利用的一个或一个以上跳频算法而变化。这些跳频算法对于指派到信令及数据信道的逻辑资源可变化，例如，对于逻辑信令信道资源及逻辑数据信道资源可利用不同信道树。另外，不同类型的信令信道资源(例如，信令、确认、功率控制及指派)中的每一者可具有不同的逻辑资源或全部可任意或确定地映射到指派到信令资源的逻辑或(指派后)物理资源。
设备600包含用于产生信令消息的装置620及用于编码所述信令消息的装置630。随后通过发射器640基于对应于消息的符号到指派到逻辑信令信道资源的物理信道资源的映射而传输消息。信令消息可为信令、确认、功率控制、指派或其它类型。另外，单一消息可具有多个信令消息类型，例如，单播消息可具有用于特定用户的信令、确认及功率控制信息。
此外，可通过例如功率控制模块238的装置来执行对信令消息或其符号的功率控制。
可用通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、精简指令集计算机(RISC)处理器、特殊应用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或经设计以执行本文中所述的功能的其它可编程逻辑装置、离散门或晶体管逻辑、离散硬件组件或其任何组合来实施或执行结合本文中所揭示的方面而描述的各种说明性逻辑块、模块及电路。通用处理器可为微处理器，但在替代实施例中，处理器可为任何处理器、控制器、微控制器或状态机。处理器还可实施为计算装置的组合，例如，DSP与微处理器的组合、多个微处理器的组合、一个或一个以上微处理器与DSP核心的联合，或任何其它所述配置。
结合本文中所揭示的方面而描述的方法、过程或算法的步骤可直接实施于硬件中、由处理器执行的软件模块中，或两者的组合中。
软体模块可驻留于RAM存储器、快闪存储器、非易失性存储器、ROM存储器、EPROM存储器、EEPROM存储器、寄存器、硬盘、可移除盘、CD-ROM或此项技术中已知的任何其它形式的存储媒体中。示范性存储媒体耦合到处理器，以致处理器可从存储媒体读取信息且写入信息到存储媒体。在替代实施例中，存储媒体可与处理器成一体。另外，可以各方面中所示的次序执行各种方法或可使用步骤的经修改次序执行各种方法。此外，可省略一个或一个以上过程或方法步骤，或可添加一个或一个以上过程或方法步骤到所述方法及过程。可在方法及过程的开始、结束或插入的现存元件中添加额外的步骤、块或动作。
提供所揭示方面的以上描述以使所属领域的任何技术人员能够进行或使用本发明。对于所属领域的技术人员将易于了解对这些方面的各种修改，且在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，本文中定义的一般原理可应用于其它方面。因此，本发明无意限于本文中所示的方面，而应符合与本文中所揭示的原理及新颖特征一致的最广范围。

Claims (29)

1.一种在无线通信系统中产生控制信道消息的方法，所述方法包括：
向共享信令信道分配逻辑控制信道资源，其中，所述逻辑控制信道资源不同于分配用于数据传输的逻辑业务信道资源；
将所述逻辑控制信道资源指派到物理信道资源以获得用于所述共享信令信道的经指派物理信道资源，其中，所述经指派的物理信道资源对应于副载波与正交频分复用（OFDM）符号的组合；
产生至少一个消息；
编码所述至少一个消息以产生至少一个消息符号；及
在所述经指派物理信道资源的至少一部分上传输所述至少一个消息。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括：
控制所述至少一个消息的功率密度；
将包含所述经指派物理信道资源内的至少一个副载波的多个副载波变换为OFDM符号；及
在无线通信链路上传输所述OFDM符号。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中指派包括部分地基于跳频算法来指派。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述逻辑控制信道资源包括信道树的节点，且其中，指派包括将所述节点映射到副载波及OFDM符号。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中映射包括部分地基于跳频算法来映射所述节点。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述逻辑控制信道资源包括在最小逻辑资源数量与最大逻辑资源数量之间的可变数量的逻辑资源，且其中所述分配包括在所述最小逻辑资源数量与所述最大逻辑资源数量之间选择特定数量的逻辑资源用于所述逻辑控制信道资源。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其进一步包括释放所述最大逻辑资源数量与所选择的逻辑资源的数量之间的逻辑资源以供分配到业务信道。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其进一步包括：向所述业务信道中的至少之一分配所释放的逻辑资源中的至少之一。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中产生至少一个消息包括产生被引导到多个接入终端的至少一个指派块消息。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述至少一个指派块消息包括广播媒体接入控制识别MACID。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中产生至少一个消息包括响应于来自接入终端的所接收传输产生至少一个确认(ACK)消息。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中产生至少一个消息包括产生被引导到特定接入终端的反向链路功率控制消息。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括确定至少一个逻辑控制信道资源是否被指派用于数据传输，且如果所述至少一个逻辑控制信道资源被指派用于数据传输，则取消对用于数据传输的所述至少一个逻辑控制信道资源的指派。
14.一种经配置以在无线通信系统中产生控制信道消息的设备，所述设备包括：
调度器，其经配置以：
向共享信令信道分配逻辑控制信道资源，其中，所述逻辑控制信道资源不同于分配用于数据传输的逻辑业务信道资源；
将所述逻辑控制信道资源指派到物理信道资源以获得用于所述共享信令信道的经指派物理信道资源，其中，所述经指派物理信道资源对应于副载波与正交频分复用（OFDM）符号的组合；
信令模块，其经配置以产生至少一个消息；及
发射器，其耦合到所述信令模块，所述发射器经配置以利用所述经指派物理信道资源中的至少一些来传输所述至少一个消息。
15.根据权利要求14所述的设备，其中所述调度器经配置以部分地基于跳频算法来将所述逻辑控制信道资源指派所述物理信道资源。
16.根据权利要求14所述的设备，其中所述逻辑控制信道资源包括信道树的节点，且其中所述调度器经配置以将所述节点映射到副载波及OFDM符号。
17.根据权利要求14所述的设备，其中所述至少一个消息包括被引导到多个接入终端的广播消息。
18.根据权利要求14所述的设备，还包括：
功率控制模块，其经配置以控制所述至少一个消息的功率密度。
19.根据权利要求14所述的设备，其中所述逻辑控制信道资源包括在最小逻辑资源数量与最大逻辑资源数量之间的可变数量的逻辑资源，且其中所述调度器经配置以选择特定数量的逻辑资源用于所述逻辑控制信道资源。
20.根据权利要求19所述的设备，其中所述调度器经配置以释放所述最大逻辑资源数量与所选择的逻辑资源的数量之间的逻辑资源以供分配到业务信道。
21.根据权利要求20所述的设备，其中所述调度器经配置以向所述业务信道中的至少之一分配所释放的逻辑资源中的至少之一。
22.一种用于在无线通信系统中产生控制信道消息的设备，所述设备包括：
用于向共享信令信道分配逻辑控制信道资源的装置，其中，所述逻辑控制信道资源不同于分配用于数据传输的逻辑业务信道资源；
用于将所述逻辑控制信道资源指派到物理信道资源以获得用于所述共享信令信道的经指派物理信道资源的装置，其中，所述经指派物理信道资源对应于副载波与正交频分复用（OFDM）符号的组合；
用于产生至少一个消息的装置；
用于编码所述至少一个消息以产生至少一个消息符号的装置；及
用于在所述经指派物理信道资源的至少一部分上传输所述至少一个消息的装置。
23.根据权利要求22所述的设备，其进一步包括用于控制所述至少一个消息的功率密度的装置。
24.根据权利要求22所述的设备，其中所述用于指派的装置包括用于部分地基于跳频算法来指派的装置。
25.根据权利要求22所述的设备，其中所述逻辑控制信道资源包括信道树的节点，且所述用于指派的装置包括将所述节点映射到副载波及OFDM符号的装置。
26.根据权利要求25所述的设备，其中所述用于映射的装置包括用于部分地基于跳频算法来映射所述节点的装置。
27.根据权利要求22所述的设备，其中所述逻辑控制信道资源包括在最小逻辑资源数量与最大逻辑资源数量之间的可变数量的逻辑资源，且其中用于分配的装置包括用于选择特定数目的逻辑资源用于所述逻辑控制信道资源的装置。
28.根据权利要求27所述的设备，还包括：用于释放所述最大逻辑资源数量与所选择的逻辑资源的数量之间的逻辑资源以供分配到业务信道的装置。
29.根据权利要求28所述的设备，还包括：用于向所述业务信道中的至少之一分配所释放的逻辑资源中的至少之一的装置。
CN2006800488324A 2005-10-27 2006-10-27 用于ofdm中的共享信令信道的资源分配 Active CN101347017B (zh)

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