CN101121533B - 具有微孔、中孔结构的sapo-34分子筛及合成方法 - Google Patents

具有微孔、中孔结构的sapo-34分子筛及合成方法 Download PDF

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CN101121533B
CN101121533B CN2006101610734A CN200610161073A CN101121533B CN 101121533 B CN101121533 B CN 101121533B CN 2006101610734 A CN2006101610734 A CN 2006101610734A CN 200610161073 A CN200610161073 A CN 200610161073A CN 101121533 B CN101121533 B CN 101121533B
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molecular sieve
sapo
mesopore
micropore
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CN101121533A (zh
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许磊
田鹏
刘中民
杨立新
孟霜鹤
何长青
袁翠峪
齐越
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种同时具有微孔、中孔结构的SAPO-34分子筛及合成方法。该分子筛内中孔的孔径范围2-10nm,中孔容积0.03-0.3cm3/g。其合成方法是采用三乙胺作为模板剂,同时在合成凝胶中加入孔道调节剂,使得所制备的分子筛晶粒除有微孔外,还具有中孔分布。以本发明合成的SAPO-34分子筛可以用作含氧化合物转化制低碳烯烃反应的催化剂。

Description

具有微孔、中孔结构的SAPO-34分子筛及合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种同时具有微孔、中孔结构的SAPO-34分子筛,其中孔孔径范围2-10nm,中孔容积0.03-0.3cm3/g,及该分子筛的合成方法,该方法制备的分子筛用于含氧化合物转化制低碳烯烃反应中的催化。
背景技术
微孔-中孔复合分子筛具有微孔和中孔双级孔道,结合了中孔材料的孔道优势与微孔分子筛的强酸性和高水热稳定性,可使两种材料优势互补、协同作用。而且孔径和酸性均可调变,即通过选择不同孔道结构和酸性质的两种材料进行优化复合,可制备出不同孔配置和酸性分布的复合材料。以组装为特征的多级孔分子筛材料的成功制备和多样化模式,将在更多的领域具有广阔的应用前景(Nature,417(2002)813)。
微孔-中孔复合分子筛的合成始于Kloets tra等(Micro.Meso.Mater.6(1996),287)报道的MCM-41/FAU复合材料的制备。随后众多研究者投入到这一研究领域中,开创了许多新的微孔-中孔分子筛复合方法。根据结构特征的不同,微孔-中孔复合分子筛有两大类复合模式:(1)微孔分子筛和中孔分子筛两种材料的复合。此类复合模式中,微孔分子筛与中孔分子筛两种材料常呈包覆结构、镶嵌结构,或为两种结构的复杂组合。此时两种材料之间存在明显的连接界面(过渡层),X射线衍射(XRD)表征结果会同时出现两种材料各自对应的衍射峰;(2)中孔孔道与微孔孔道在一种分子筛材料中的复合,此类复合模式包含两种形式:具有中孔孔道的微孔分子筛,即微孔分子筛中引入中孔,在保留微孔分子筛的强酸性和稳定性的同时,有利于分子的扩散;具有微孔沸石分子筛部分性质的中孔分子筛,即在中孔材料的无定形孔壁中引入沸石的初级或次级结构单元,实现孔壁在纳米范围。关于这方面的详细研究进展在《石油化工》(02(2005)188)中有所描述。到目前为止,所有报道的中孔微孔复合分子筛均是硅铝组成的分子筛体系,而对于由硅磷铝组成的分子筛体系,由于合成体系较为复杂,还未见有公开文献报道。
SAPO-34分子筛是美国专利USP4,440,871于1984年公布的。按照IUPAC对孔径大小的界定,SAPO-34属于小孔分子筛(<2nm)。SAPO-34分子筛由于在甲醇转化制烯烃反应(MTO)中显示了优良的催化性能而受到关注。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有微孔中孔结构的SAPO-34分子筛及其合成方法,该分子筛用作MTO反应的催化剂,可以降低或消除扩散传质的限制,减少二次反应的发生,从而有可能延长催化剂寿命并提高乙烯丙烯的选择性。
为达到上述目的,本发明的技术解决方案是提供一种具有微孔、中孔结构的SAPO-34分子筛,其分子筛的中孔孔径2-10nm,中孔容积0.03-0.3cm3/g。
所述的SAPO-34分子筛,其立方型分子筛晶粒表面粗糙或有破损。
一种所述的SAPO-34分子筛的合成方法,其采用三乙胺作为模板剂,同时在合成凝胶中加入孔道调节剂。
所述的合成方法,其步骤为:
a)配制合成SAPO-34分子筛的初始凝胶混合物;
b)向步骤a)中得到的初始凝胶混合物中加入计量的孔道调节剂并充分搅拌;
c)将步骤b)中得到的初始凝胶混合物装入内衬聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢合成釜中,密闭,然后加热到晶化温度,在自生压力下,进行恒温晶化;待晶化完全后,固体产物经离心分离,用去离子水洗涤至中性,在120℃空气中干燥,得到SAPO-34分子筛原粉;
d)将步骤c)得到的SAPO-34分子筛原粉在空气中焙烧去除原粉所含的有机物,得到同时具有微孔、中孔的SAPO-34分子筛。
所述的合成方法,其所述初始合成凝胶混合物中各组分氧化物摩尔配比为:
SiO2/Al2O3=0.1~2.0;
P2O5/Al2O3=0.5~15;
H2O/Al2O3=10~100;
TEA/Al2O3=1~5(TEA为三乙胺)。
T/TEA=0.01~2(T为孔道调节剂)
所述的合成方法,其所述的孔道调节剂为氨水、四甲基氢氧化铵、二乙胺、三丙胺、二正丙胺、正丙胺、正丁胺、环己胺其中一种或几种的混合物。
所述的合成方法,其步骤c)中晶化温度为100-250℃,较佳的晶化温度为160-230℃。
所述的合成方法,其步骤c)中的晶化时间为0.5~100小时,较佳的晶化时间为2-48小时。
所述的SAPO-34分子筛,其用作含氧化合物转化制低碳烯烃反应的催化剂。
本发明所合成的具有微孔中孔结构的SAPO-34分子筛用作MTO反应的催化剂,由于两级孔结构的存在大大降低或消除扩散传质的影响,减少二次反应的发生,从而有可能延长催化剂的寿命并提高乙烯丙烯的选择性。
附图说明
图1:本发明实施例1,3,4,5中加入孔道调节剂和对比例1中不加入孔道调节剂合成SAPO-34的XRD谱图;
图2:其中图2a、图2b、图2c、图2d、图2e为本发明实施例1、3、4、5及对比例1中样品的SEM照片;
图3:其中图3a、图3b为本发明实施例2中编号MSP34-1和SP34样品的氮气吸附等温线和中孔分布示意图(吸附线分支,BJH法)。
图4:其中图4a、图4b为本发明实施例6中编号MSP34-2,-3,-4样品的氮气吸附等温线和中孔分布示意图(吸附线分支,BJH法)。
具体实施方式
本发明的特点在于所合成的SAPO-34分子筛具有中孔孔径2-10nm,中孔容积0.03-0.3cm3/g。
本发明的特点在于所合成的SAPO-34分子筛的立方型晶粒表面可以是粗糙的或有破损。
本发明的特点在于采用三乙胺作为模板剂,同时在合成凝胶中加入孔道调节剂。
本发明提供的具有微孔中孔结构SAPO-34分子筛的合成方法,其制备过程如下:
a)配制合成SAPO-34分子筛的初始凝胶混合物,各组分氧化物摩尔配
比为
SiO2/Al2O3=0.1~2.0;
P2O5/Al2O3=0.5~15;
H2O/Al2O3=10~100;
TEA/Al2O3=1~5;
T/TEA=0.01-2
孔道调节剂为氨水、四甲基氢氧化铵、二乙胺、三丙胺、二正丙胺、正丙胺、正丁胺、环己胺中一种或几种的混合物。
b)将步骤a)中得到的凝胶混合物装入内衬聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢合成釜中,密闭,然后加热到晶化温度,在自生压力下,进行恒温晶化,晶化温度100-250℃,晶化时间5-100小时。待晶化完全后,固体产物经离心分离,用去离子水洗涤至中性,在120℃空气中干燥,得到SAPO-34分子筛原粉;
c)将步骤b)得到的SAPO-34分子筛原粉在空气中焙烧除去有机物即可得到同时具有微孔中孔分布的SAPO-34分子筛。
下面通过实施例详述本发明。
实施例1
以初始凝胶摩尔比例3.0TEA∶0.4SiO2∶P2O5∶Al2O3∶50H2O∶1.0T(T=正丙胺)将计量原料按一定顺序混合,充分搅拌成凝胶,装入内称聚四氟乙烯的合成釜中,密闭加热到200℃,在自生压力下,进行恒温晶化12小时。然后,固体产物经离心分离,用去离子水洗涤至中性,在120℃空气中干燥后,得到SAPO-34分子筛原粉,原粉经600℃焙烧4h除去模板剂后即得同时具有微孔中孔结构的SAPO-34分子筛(编号为MSP34-1)。原粉样品的XRD谱图示于图1,SEM照片示于图2。可以看到,MSP34-1样品的立方型晶粒表面粗糙或有破损。
对比例1
以初始凝胶摩尔比例3.0TEA∶0.4SiO2∶P2O5∶Al2O3∶50H2O,将计量原料按一定顺序混合,充分搅拌成凝胶,装入内称聚四氟乙烯的合成釜中,密闭加热到200℃,在自生压力下,进行恒温晶化12小时。然后,固体产物经离心分离,用去离子水洗涤至中性,在120℃空气中干燥后,得到SAPO-34分子筛原粉,原粉经600℃焙烧4h除去模板剂后即得SAPO-34分子筛(编号为SP34)。样品的XRD谱图示于图1,SEM照片示于图2。可以看到,SP34样品的晶粒呈立方型,表面光滑。
实施例2
将实施例1得到的编号MSP34-1样品和对比例1得到的编号SP34样品进行氮气物理吸附表征,测定分子筛的比表面积和孔道结构。氮气吸附等温线及中孔分布示于图3,比表面积及孔容见表1。结果显示,SP34样品中不存在中孔结构,其比表面积和孔容均由微孔部分所贡献产生。MSP34-1样品中存在中孔分布,中心孔径2.3nm,中孔容积0.07cm3/g。
实施例3
以初始凝胶摩尔比例3.OTEA∶0.4SiO2∶P2O5∶Al2O3∶50H2O∶0.3T(T=氨水)将计量原料按一定顺序混合,充分搅拌成凝胶,装入内称聚四氟乙烯的合成釜中,密闭加热到200℃,在自生压力下,进行恒温晶化12小时。然后,固体产物经离心分离,用去离子水洗涤至中性,在120℃空气中干燥后,得到SAPO-34分子筛原粉,原粉经600℃焙烧4h除去模板剂后即得具有微孔中孔结构的SAPO-34分子筛(编号为MSP34-2)。原粉样品的XRD谱图示于图1,SEM照片示于图2。可以看到,MSP34-2样品的立方型晶粒表面粗糙或有破损。
实施例4
以初始凝胶摩尔比例3.0TEA∶0.4SiO2∶P2O5∶Al2O3∶50H2O∶1.5T(T=二乙胺)将计量原料按一定顺序混合,充分搅拌成凝胶,装入内称聚四氟乙烯的合成釜中,密闭加热到200℃,在自生压力下,进行恒温晶化12小时。然后,固体产物经离心分离,用去离子水洗涤至中性,在120℃空气中干燥后,得到SAPO-34分子筛原粉,原粉经600℃焙烧4h除去模板剂后即得具有微孔中孔结构的SAPO-34分子筛(编号为MSP34-3)。XRD谱图示于图1,SEM照片示于图2。可以看到,MSP34-3样品的立方型晶粒表面粗糙。
实施例5
以初始凝胶摩尔比例3.0TEA∶0.6SiO2∶P2O5∶Al2O3∶50H2O∶1.6T(T=三丙胺+正丁胺,三丙胺/正丁胺=1∶1)将计量原料按一定顺序混合,充分搅拌成凝胶,装入内衬聚四氟乙烯的合成釜中,密闭加热到200℃,在自生压力下,进行恒温晶化12小时。然后,固体产物经离心分离,用去离子水洗涤至中性,在120℃空气中干燥后,得到SAPO-34分子筛原粉,原粉经600℃焙烧4h除去模板剂后即得具有微孔中孔结构的SAPO-34分子筛(编号为MSP34-4)。原粉样品的XRD谱图示于图1,SEM照片示于图2。可以看到,MSP34-4样品的立方型晶粒表面粗糙或有破损。
实施例6
将实施例3,4,5得到的编号MSP34-2,-3,-4样品行氮气物理吸附表征,测定分子筛的比表面积和孔道结构。氮气吸附等温线及中孔分布示于图4,比表面积及孔容见表1。结果显示,MSP34-2,-3,-4样品中存在中孔分布,其中MSP34-3样品中还存在两种不同孔径,分别为2nm和3nm。三个样品的中孔容积分别为0.09,0.06,0.14cm3/g。
表1样品的比表面积和孔容
a:采用t-plot方法算得
b:BJH方法算得,2-50nm范围累积脱附孔容
实施例7
将实施例1得到的编号为MSP34-1和对比例1得到的编号SP34的样品于600℃下通入空气焙烧4小时,然后压片、破碎至20~40目。称取1.0g样品装入固定床反应器,进行MTO反应评价。在550℃下通氮气活化1小时,然后降温至450℃进行反应。甲醇由氮气携带,氮气流速为40ml/min,甲醇重量空速4.0h-1。反应产物由在线气相色谱进行分析。结果示于表2。
实施例8
将实施例3,4,5得到的编号为MSP34-2,-3,-4于600℃下通入空气焙烧4小时,然后压片、破碎至20~40目。称取1.0g样品装入固定床反应器,进行MTO反应评价。在550℃下通氮气活化1小时,然后降温至450℃进行反应。甲醇由氮气携带,氮气流速为40ml/min,甲醇重量空速4.0h-1。反应产物由在线气相色谱进行分析。结果示于表2。
表2样品的甲醇转化制烯烃反应结果*
Figure G2006101610734D00111
Figure G2006101610734D00121
*100%甲醇转化率时最高(乙烯+丙烯)选择性。

Claims (6)

1.一种同时具有微孔、中孔结构的SAPO-34分子筛,其特征在于,分子筛的中孔孔径2-10nm,中孔容积0.03-0.3cm3/g。
2.按照权利要求1所述的SAPO-34分子筛,其特征在于,其立方型分子筛晶粒表面粗糙或有破损。
3.一种按照权利要求1所述的SAPO-34分子筛的合成方法,其特征在于,采用三乙胺作为模板剂,同时在合成凝胶中加入孔道调节剂,其步骤为:
a)配制合成SAPO-34分子筛的初始凝胶混合物;
b)向步骤a)中得到的初始凝胶混合物中加入计量的孔道调节剂并充分搅拌;
c)将步骤b)中得到的凝胶混合物装入内衬聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢合成釜中,密闭,然后加热到晶化温度,在自生压力下,进行恒温晶化;待晶化完全后,固体产物经离心分离,用去离子水洗涤至中性,在120℃空气中干燥,得到SAPO-34分子筛原粉;
d)将步骤c)得到的SAPO-34分子筛原粉在空气中焙烧去除原粉所含的有机物,得到同时具有微孔、中孔的SAPO-34分子筛;
所述合成凝胶混合物中各组分氧化物、三乙胺和孔道调节剂的摩尔配比为:
SiO2/Al2O3=0.1~2.0;
P2O5/Al2O3=0.5~15;
H2O/Al2O3=10~100;
TEA/Al2O3=1~5,TEA为三乙胺;
T/TEA=0.01~2,T为孔道调节剂;
所述的孔道调节剂为氨水、四甲基氢氧化铵、二乙胺、三丙胺、二正丙胺、正丙胺、正丁胺、环己胺其中一种或几种的混合物;
步骤c)中晶化温度为100-250℃;
步骤c)中的晶化时间为0.5~100小时。
4.按照权利要求3所述的SAPO-34分子筛的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤c)中晶化温度为160-230℃。
5.按照权利要求3所述的SAPO-34分子筛的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤c)中的晶化时间为2-48小时。
6.按照权利要求1所述的SAPO-34分子筛,其特征在于,用作甲醇转化制低碳烯烃反应的催化剂。
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