CN100512624C - Method for culturing golden camellia tree stool potted-landscape - Google Patents
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- CN100512624C CN100512624C CNB2007100517874A CN200710051787A CN100512624C CN 100512624 C CN100512624 C CN 100512624C CN B2007100517874 A CNB2007100517874 A CN B2007100517874A CN 200710051787 A CN200710051787 A CN 200710051787A CN 100512624 C CN100512624 C CN 100512624C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a cultivation method of camellia chrysantha stump bonsai. Said cultivation method mainly includes the following steps: selecting and using quinquennial camellia oleifera species as stump; training stump root portion and stump head portion; transplanting the trained stump into a proper pot; sunshading, sprinkling and retaining moisture; after the stump is survived, using the stump as stock; selecting optimum grafting time, making camellia chrysantha graftage; after the graft is survived, making fertilize application, sprinkling, controlling disease and pests, and properly pruning and trimming so as to obtain the invented camellia chrysantha stump bonsai.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of breeding method of flower landscape, particularly a kind of golden camellia tree stool potted-landscape.
Background technology
Camellia nitidissima is the Camellia Cultivars of the extremely strong sight of tool, is subjected to numerous Gardener author and consumer's favor deeply.But the propagation method of Camellia nitidissima mainly adopts sexual propagation all the time, growth rate is slow, cultivation period is long, and can not fundamentally change the distinctive form characteristics of Camellia nitidissima, sagging as bud, and be born in the form that axil, integrity are long, the tree type is not compact and all influence ornamental value, therefore still be difficult in common people family, popularize with the potted landscape form.In recent years, people constantly inquire into Camellia nitidissima stub grafting quick propagating technology and how to improve the ornamental plantation value of Camellia nitidissima, the staff who is engaged in the Camellia plant research as Wenzhou and Kunming, through experimental study, obtained the success of Camellia nitidissima quick propagating technology in 2005, but the stock of this Technology Need is to obtain by the bough cuttage, treat just can be used for the Camellia nitidissima grafting after stock cutting survival and the moulding, not only the time is long but also making potted landscape difficulty is big, the production cost height is difficult for promoting.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the golden camellia tree stool potted-landscape breeding method that a kind of cultivation period is short, cost is low.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above with following technical scheme: breeding method carries out according to the following steps:
(1) builds cool canopy: put up cool canopy in order to shading before excavating stub;
(2) excavate stub: choose the above oil tea species of life in 5 years and make stub;
(3) stub moulding: the stub after will excavating is placed in the frescade, and stub suitably is completely cured, is cut and do, prune and handle, and high 30cm～60cm is stayed in whole stake;
(4) go up basin: the stub of handling well is planted in the good basin body of the suitable size that is placed with nutrition soil and permeability, the back compacting nutrition soil of planting, and drench sufficient normal root water;
(5) stub management: regularly water and preserve moisture, treat that stub recovers to be used for grafting after the growing way (i.e. plantation survives);
(6) grafting: with the stub is stock, carries out grafting in the suitable phenophase of Camellia nitidissima, and scion usefulness Camellia nitidissima will be preserved moisture after the grafting to annual lignification branch half a year;
(7) managing after grafting: the timely benefit that grafting does not survive connects, and behind the grafting survival, removes and sprouts, separates and tie up and fertilising, trickle, extermination of disease and insect pest work;
(8) pruning: form by the pruning of Camellia nitidissima bonsai ideal form.
Nutrition soil in the described basin body can be formulated by mass percentage by following raw material: yellow soil 60%～70%, wood chip 15%～20%, turf plaster 5%～10%, decomposed dung or the bran cake fertilizer 7% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate 3%.
Preferably executed the bran cake liquid manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1～2 time behind the grafting survival in every month, at Camellia nitidissima growth animated period, foliage fertilization was 1 time in per 10～15 days, be that 0.2%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1%～2% auximone spray blade simultaneously with concentration, and in conjunction with foliar application, with 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000 times～1200 times liquid sprayings of 72% tpn wetting powder prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
The bran cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed can be mixed the system of macerating and form to fully becoming thoroughly decomposed by the raw material of following mass percent: bran cake fertilizer 75%, phosphate fertilizer 20%, bone meal 5%; March～June and September～October every year apply fertilizer, and look the every basin of basin stake size and execute bran cake dilution liquid manure 1kg～1.5kg of 5%.
The breeding method of golden camellia tree stool potted-landscape of the present invention, not only have the characteristics that cultivation period is short, cost is low, but also can solve effectively that the propagation by grafiting survival rate is low, the bonsai production difficulty greatly, the technical problem of easy-formation not, can also change the distinctive morphological feature of Camellia nitidissima preferably, the ornamental plantation that improves Camellia nitidissima is worth.
Embodiment
The oil tea species that breeding method of the present invention adopts are the oil species that have higher productive value in the general reference Camellia, mainly comprise kinds more than 20 such as common oil tea, the big fruit oil tea of Bobai, fruitlet oil tea.Camellia nitidissima also belongs to one of oil tea species, and itself and common oil tea, the big fruit oil tea of Bobai have nearer affiliation, the graft survival rate height, and also the conventional oil tea resource is abundant, draws materials easily.
Below incubation step of the present invention is done detailed explanation:
1, builds cool canopy: excavate and to put up cool canopy before the stub and shade, can build simple and easy cool canopy or green house, the high general 1.8m～2.0m of canopy; Like inclined to one side the moon because of Camellia nitidissima and avoid burning sun, so degree of shading preferably reaches 85%～90%, specifically according to adjusting in season and weather condition, torridity summer and arid dry season are high, and spring, plum rain season can suitably be opened shading screen.
2, excavate stub: choose the oil tea species such as the big fruit oil tea of common oil tea, Bobai that life in 5 years is above, vigorous, the anosis worm of growth endangers and make stub, be preferably in January November to next year during excavate stub, root can be with soil or not be with soil, and the stub that digs can not tan by the sun in the sun.
3. stub moulding: must be placed in the frescade after stub is excavated, amputate with the sharp handsaw root that root is long then, simultaneously tree crown be made disconnected anvil, pruned and handle, it is level and smooth that saw kerf is wanted, and high 30cm～60cm is stayed in whole stake.
4. go up basin: according to the stub size, select suitable size and the good potter's clay basin of permeability to make the basin device, the stub of handling well is planted in the basin body that is placed with nutrition soil, generally require the depth of planting to be advisable to surpass stub original ground rhizosphere 1cm～1.5cm, nutrition soil by following raw material by mass percentage mixed preparing form: yellow soil 60%～70%, wood chip 15%～20%, turf plaster 5%～10%, decomposed dung or the bran cake fertilizer 7% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate 3%.Wherein yellow soil adopts preferably that loose, moistening, draining is good, the Indian yellow cubsoil of pH value 5～6; Want compacting nutrition soil after planting, and drench sufficient normal root water.
5, stub management: preserving moisture is to guarantee one of key measure that stub survives, and can put plastic sack by basin and preserve moisture, and regularly open the cover of preserving moisture and water, and waters basin soil water 1 time in every month, but humidity will suit, in case mashed root and stub blackout are rotted; Stub recovers promptly to can be used for grafting after the growing way (i.e. plantation survives).
6, grafting: select best grafting time to carry out grafting.The time of the suitable grafting of Camellia nitidissima is annual April～May and September～November.Grafting method mainly contain be abutted against, cut-grafting or draw the bark graft method, scion with Camellia nitidissima half a year to annual lignification branch, the leaf bud of scion is full.Earlier the both sides of scion lower end are whittled into the lozenges of 1cm～2cm during grafting, each blade can cut off 1/2～2/3 blade face, stock and scion are cut mouth and are wanted level and smooth, when stock is inserted in scion, the face of connecing is close to, and makes the cambium alignment of stock and scion, uses the plastic tape colligation of wide 1.5cm～2.0cm then, the degree of tightness appropriateness, and preserve moisture.
7, managing after grafting: (1) is mended and connect: survive condition survey about 30 days after the grafting, the timely Camellia nitidissima fringe bar with same breed that does not survive is mended and is connect; (2) in good time except that sprouting, separating and tie up: the grafting mouth is in time untied binding strap after healing fully, in case bandage is with the pile ankle injury; (3) fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest: use by the raw material of following mass percent and mix bran cake fertilizer that the system of macerating makes to fully the becoming thoroughly decomposed usefulness of topdressing: bran cake fertilizer 75%, phosphate fertilizer 20%, bone meal 5%; According to the growth period of Camellia nitidissima, apply fertilizer the March～June and September～October in every year, every month 1 time～2 times, look the every basin of basin stake size and execute bran cake dilution liquid manure 1kg～1.5kg of 5%.At Camellia nitidissima growth animated period, foliage fertilization was 1 time in per 10～15 days, was that the auximone of 0.2%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1%～2% sprays blade with concentration; In conjunction with foliar application, with 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000 times～1200 times liquid sprayings of 72% tpn wetting powder prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
To carry out blade face water spray, every day 2 times～3 times in hot arid or dry season.
8, pruning: major measure has pinching, bud picking, dredges branch, draws branch etc.Behind the grafting survival, when newly growing 20cm～30cm slightly, begin typing, because Camellia nitidissima kind difference, morphological features such as its crown type are different, and plasticity is very strong, so it mainly is the flexible Application such as interest of growing state, tree type characteristics and raiser according to Camellia nitidissima that the concrete integer of Camellia nitidissima requires, generally after the annual Camellia nitidissima spring tip and autumn growth branch lignification, carry out, require in principle to make the potted landscape structure can make full use of the space by pruning, tree body ventilation and penetrating light, the plant type grace.
Below be that the inventor uses the example that the inventive method is carried out the cultivation of Camellia nitidissima potted landscape:
It is stub that example 1:2006 adopts common oil tea February, high 50cm is stayed in whole stake, stub is planted in the basin body that is placed with nutrition soil, and nutrition soil is become by the mixed raw material of following mass percent: yellow soil 70%, wood chip 15%, turf plaster 5%, the paulownia bran 7% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate 3%.Basin was cultivated after 6 months on the stub, with common Camellia nitidissima living lignification branch half a year is scion, adopt inarching method to carry out grafting, grafting survived investigation after 40 days, survival rate reaches 88.8%, carry out foliar application, the extermination of disease and insect pest then, remove sprout, management work such as pruning, cultivate after 5 months, potted landscape becomes blank, and the hat width of cloth has 35cm.
It is stub that example is adopted the big fruit oil tea of Bobai in January, 2.2004, high 60cm is stayed in whole stake, last basin is cultivated, and the nutrition soil in the basin body is formed by the raw material mixed preparing of following mass percent: yellow soil 60%, wood chip 20%, turf plaster 10%, decomposed dung 7%, superphosphate 3%.Cultivating after 13 months with annual concave veins Camellia nitidissima lignification branch is scion, adopts and draws pico farad to carry out grafting, survival rate 85.3%, after management work with example 1, in in December, 2006 investigation (promptly cultivating 1 year 08 months), the potted landscape hat width of cloth reaches 1.2m, crown height 55cm.
It is stub that example in early January, 3.2007 is adopted the common oil tea of 20 strains, and every is stayed high 30cm, and last basin is cultivated, and the nutrition soil in the basin body is become by the mixed raw material of following mass percent: yellow soil 70%, wood chip 20%, the paulownia bran 7% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate 3%.Cultivate and carry out grafting after 1 month, scion is the Pingguo Camellia nitidissima, and grafting method is an inarching method, investigation on March 10th, 2007, and the grafting mouth heals substantially.
Claims (6)
1. the breeding method of a golden camellia tree stool potted-landscape is characterized in that incubation step is as follows:
(1) builds cool canopy: put up cool canopy in order to shading before excavating stub;
(2) excavate stub: choose the above oil tea species of life in 5 years and make stub;
(3) stub moulding: the stub after will excavating is placed in the frescade, and stub suitably is completely cured, is cut and do, prune and handle, and high 30cm～60cm is stayed in whole stake;
(4) go up basin: the stub of handling well is planted in the good basin body of the suitable size that is placed with nutrition soil and permeability, the back compacting nutrition soil of planting, and drench sufficient normal root water;
(5) stub management: regularly water and preserve moisture, treat that stub recovers to be used for grafting after the growing way;
(6) grafting: with the stub is stock, carries out grafting at the grafting time of suitable Camellia nitidissima growth, scion with Camellia nitidissima half a year to annual lignification branch, in interface plastic tape colligation, degree of tightness appropriateness, and preserving moisture;
(7) managing after grafting: will in time mending that grafting does not survive connects, and behind the grafting survival, remove and sprout, separates and tie up and fertilising and extermination of disease and insect pest work;
(8) pruning: form by the pruning of Camellia nitidissima bonsai ideal form.
2. the breeding method of golden camellia tree stool potted-landscape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the high 1.8m～2.0m of the cool canopy of building, degree of shading reaches 85%～90%.
3. the breeding method of golden camellia tree stool potted-landscape according to claim 1 is characterized in that: excavate stub and carry out during January November to next year.
4. the breeding method of golden camellia tree stool potted-landscape according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the nutrition soil in the basin body by following raw material by mass percentage mixed preparing form: yellow soil 60%～70%, wood chip 15%～20%, turf plaster 5%～10%, decomposed dung or the bran cake fertilizer 7% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate 3%.
5. the breeding method of golden camellia tree stool potted-landscape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that behind the grafting survival executing in every month the bran cake liquid manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1～2 time, at Camellia nitidissima growth animated period, foliage fertilization was 1 time in per 10～15 days, be that 0.2%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1%～2% auximone spray blade simultaneously with concentration, and in conjunction with foliar application, with 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000 times～1200 times liquid sprayings of 72% tpn wetting powder prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
6. according to the breeding method of claim 4 or 5 described golden camellia tree stool potted-landscapes, it is characterized in that: the bran cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is extremely fully become thoroughly decomposed by the raw material mixing system of macerating of following mass percent and forms: bran cake fertilizer 75%, phosphate fertilizer 20%, bone meal 5%; March～June and September～October every year apply fertilizer, and look the every basin of basin stake size and execute bran cake dilution liquid manure 1kg～1.5kg of 5%.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN107711267A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-02-23 | 广西宝树金花茶有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of Camellia nitidissima |
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