CN111345165A - Method for quickly cultivating four-season golden camellia bonsai - Google Patents
Method for quickly cultivating four-season golden camellia bonsai Download PDFInfo
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- CN111345165A CN111345165A CN202010257680.0A CN202010257680A CN111345165A CN 111345165 A CN111345165 A CN 111345165A CN 202010257680 A CN202010257680 A CN 202010257680A CN 111345165 A CN111345165 A CN 111345165A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly cultivating a four-season golden camellia bonsai, which comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting stock varieties; (2) transplanting bonsai stocks; (3) grafting; (4) and (3) management after grafting: after grafting, covering a layer of shading net to ensure that the shading degree is 75%; daily management: keeping soil moist and removing tillering in time; and (3) pest control: after grafting is finished for 20-30 days, a grafted seedling starts to sprout, monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.2-0.3% is sprayed every 10-15 days and sprayed until the leaf surface is wet, and carbendazim with the mass concentration of 0.1% and pyrethroid pesticides with the mass concentration of 0.1% can be simultaneously added when foliar fertilizer is sprayed for pest control and spraying until the leaf surface is wet. The grafting method has the advantages of high survival rate, quick bonsai forming, time and labor saving and labor cost saving, and can form and flower 1 to 2 years after grafting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant vegetative propagation, and particularly relates to a quick cultivation method of a four-season golden camellia bonsai.
Background
The golden camellia is a rare plant in the world, is called tea queen and is listed as a national first-grade protective plant. The camellia nitidissima is evergreen shrub or small arbor of camellia, the height of the camellia nitidissima is 2.5-5 m, the leaf leatheriness is that the flower grows singly or gathers in the axilla, and the flower is in a cup shape, a pot shape or a bowl shape when being opened. The corolla is golden yellow and has waxy luster and is nearly round. The tree trunk is grayish brown and smooth, the branches and leaves are luxuriant, the flowering period is long, particularly, the resistance to harmful gases is strong, and the leaves, the flowers and the roots can be applied to the industries of pharmacy, health care products and the like, so the method is popular with consumers. Most trunks of the golden camellia bonsai are upright, branches are hard and brittle, barks are fragile and not easy to climb and model, and the golden camellia bonsai is difficult to process by winding metal wires, is easy to sink into cortex and adding leaf widths. In order to increase the flower types in the bonsai and improve the ornamental value of the golden camellia, the manufacture of the golden camellia bonsai is carried out.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the quick cultivation method of the four-season golden camellia bonsai, and the method has the advantages of high survival rate, quick bonsai forming, time and labor saving and labor cost saving.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a quick cultivation method of a four-season golden camellia bonsai comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting stock varieties: selecting a camellia plant Hongluo treasure seed subjected to cuttage propagation as a stock;
(2) transplanting bonsai rootstocks: transplanting in winter or spring, simply trimming the stock before transplanting, selecting and reserving 3-5 branches with uniform branch angles for cutting, reserving the length of 15-20cm generally, dredging the rest branches, reserving soil balls according to 7.5 times of the ground diameter during transplanting, selecting a container with the height and the diameter of 10-15cm larger than those of the soil balls, firstly placing humus soil with the thickness of about 10cm at the bottom of the container, placing the stock with the soil balls in the middle of the container, filling yellow soil around the stock with the soil balls and compacting the soil layer by layer until the container is filled, then moving the stock to a greenhouse with the shading degree of 50% to place the stock in rows, reserving 50cm of row space between every two rows as a channel, and facilitating later-stage management;
(3) grafting: the stock can be grafted after the growth is recovered, and the best period is 5 months, at the moment, the stock grows vigorously, the scion is full, and the affinity of the stock and the scion is strong;
selection of scions: the four-season golden Camellia is Chonglev golden Camellia (Camellia chuanggtsoensis), and branches growing for 2-3 years are selected as scions at the middle upper part of a crown;
the grafting method comprises the following steps: by adopting a single-bud cutting and grafting method, because the current-year branches of the four-season golden camellia are thinner, the branches suitable for making bonsais are preferably adopted as scions, when grafting is carried out, the branches suitable for making bonsais are selected from the stock, the parts with the branches of more than 10cm are cut off, then a cutter is used for vertically downwards cutting a notch, the width of the notch is approximately equal to the diameter of the scions, namely when the scions are thicker, the notch is close to the center of the stock; when the scion is thinner, the cut is deviated to the outer side; the length of a cut is about 1.6cm, then a large inclined plane with the length of about 1.6cm is downwards cut at a position 0.3cm below a scion bud eye, a small inclined plane with the length of 0.5-1cm is cut at the back of the scion, the large inclined plane is inserted into the cut, cambiums of the stock and the scion are aligned, the upper part of the scion is exposed with 0.1-0.2cm, then the scion is fixed by winding a black electrical adhesive tape for 1-2 circles, then the grafting part is sequentially bound by using a film according to a common grafting method from bottom to top, and the remained leaves are spread and then wound on the stock to be bound together;
(4) and (3) management after grafting: after grafting, covering a layer of sunshade net to enable the shading degree to be about 75%;
daily management: proper watering is carried out to keep the soil moist and timely remove the tillering;
and (3) pest control: after grafting is finished for 20-30 days, a grafted seedling starts to sprout, monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.2-0.3% is sprayed every 10-15 days and sprayed until the leaf surface is wet, and carbendazim with the mass concentration of 0.1% and pyrethroid pesticides with the mass concentration of 0.1% can be simultaneously added when foliar fertilizer is sprayed for pest control and spraying until the leaf surface is wet.
Preferably, the Hongluozhen with the ground diameter of 3-6cm and the branch height of 20-50cm is selected as the rootstock in the step (1).
Preferably, the potted landscape rootstocks in the step (2) are transplanted and then further comprise management after transplantation and pest control, wherein the management after transplantation comprises watering rooting water once after transplantation and rooting agents (according to the use concentrations of different rooting agent specifications), and then keeping the soil not to be too dry or too wet;
the pest control is to spray pesticide for controlling the above pest to the stock in time when there are two diseases of black mold and anthracnose and pest control of aphid, lesser leafhopper and longicorn.
Preferably, the container in step (2) is a tree planting bag.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the grafting method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the golden camellia bonsai is manufactured by taking the cultivated adult camellia variety Hongluozhen as the stock and the four-season golden camellia as the scion, and the manufactured golden camellia bonsai can bloom in 4 seasons in one year due to the fact that the four-season golden camellia is grafted, so that the golden camellia bonsai has obvious advantages compared with other golden camellia bonsais;
(2) the grafting method has the advantages of high survival rate, quick bonsai forming, time and labor saving and labor cost saving, and can form and flower 1 to 2 years after grafting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a golden camellia rootstock transplanting diagram.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of rootstock scission in the method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the anvil of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view showing the scion cut by the method of the present invention, wherein a is the front side of the scion, b is the back side of the scion, and c is the lateral side of the scion.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of rootstock insertion scion according to the method of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows the electrical glue fixation after the grafting according to the method of the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows the film binding after the fixing by the electrical glue grafted by the method of the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows the four season golden camellia grafted by the method of the invention.
FIG. 9 shows the plant of the four season golden camellia grafted by the method of the invention after 2 years of planting.
FIG. 10 is a diagram of the flowering of plants 2 years after the four-season golden camellia grafted by the method disclosed by the invention is planted.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, but it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A method for quickly cultivating a four-season golden camellia bonsai comprises the following operation steps:
(1) selecting stock varieties: selecting a camellia plant Hongluozhen variety subjected to cuttage propagation as a stock, and selecting Hongluozhen with the ground diameter of 3-6cm and the branch height of 20-50cm as the stock, as shown in figure 1;
(2) transplanting bonsai rootstocks: transplanting in winter or spring, simply trimming the stock before transplanting, selecting and reserving 3-5 branches with uniform branch angles for cutting, generally reserving the length of 15-20cm, dredging out the rest branches, reserving soil balls according to 7.5 times of the ground diameter during transplanting, selecting a tree planting bag with the height and the diameter larger than the soil balls by 10-15cm, firstly placing humus soil with the thickness of about 10cm at the bottom of the tree planting bag, placing the stock with the soil balls in the middle of the tree planting bag, filling yellow soil around the tree planting bag and compacting layer by layer until the tree planting bag is filled, then moving the tree planting bag into a greenhouse with the shading degree of 50% to be placed in rows, reserving 50cm of row spacing between every two rows as a channel, and facilitating later-stage management;
managing after transplanting: after transplanting, watering rooting water and rooting agent (according to the use concentration of different rooting agent specifications) once, and keeping the soil not to be too dry or too wet;
and (3) pest control: when two diseases of black mold and anthracnose and insect pests of aphids, lesser leafhoppers and longicorn exist, the pesticide for preventing and controlling the insect pests is sprayed on the rootstock in time;
(3) grafting: the stock can be grafted after the growth is recovered, and the best period is 5 months, at the moment, the stock grows vigorously, the scion is full, and the affinity of the stock and the scion is strong;
selection of scions: the four-season golden Camellia is Chonglev golden Camellia (Camellia chuanggtsoensis), and branches growing for 2-3 years are selected as scions at the middle upper part of a crown;
the grafting method comprises the following steps: by adopting a single-bud cutting and grafting method, because the current-year branches of the four-season golden camellia are thinner, the branches suitable for making bonsais are preferably adopted as scions, when grafting is carried out, the branches suitable for making bonsais are selected from the stock, the parts with the branches of more than 10cm are cut off (as shown in figure 2), then a cutter is used for vertically downwards cutting a notch, the width of the notch is approximately equal to the diameter of the scions, namely when the scions are thicker, the notch is close to the center of the stock; when the scion is thinner, the cut is deviated to the outer side; cutting a large inclined plane with the length of about 1.6cm downwards at a position 0.3cm below a bud eye of the scion (as shown in figure 3), cutting a small inclined plane with the length of 0.5-1cm at the back of the scion (as shown in figures 4, a, b and c), inserting the large inclined plane into the cut to align cambiums of the stock and the scion, exposing white 0.1-0.2cm above the scion (as shown in figure 5), fixing the scion by winding a black electrical tape for 1-2 circles (as shown in figure 6), sequentially wrapping the grafting part from bottom to top by using a film according to a common grafting method, and wrapping the remained leaves on the stock after being stretched (as shown in figure 7);
(4) and (3) management after grafting: after grafting (as shown in fig. 8), a layer of sunshade net is additionally arranged to ensure that the shading degree is about 75 percent;
daily management: proper watering is carried out to keep the soil moist and timely remove the tillering;
and (3) pest control: after grafting is finished for 20-30 days, a grafted seedling starts to sprout, monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.2-0.3% is sprayed every 10-15 days and is sprayed until the leaf surface is wet, and carbendazim with the mass concentration of 0.1% and pyrethroid pesticides with the mass concentration of 0.1% can be added simultaneously when leaf fertilizer is sprayed for pest control and spraying until the leaf surface is wet; FIGS. 9-10 show plants planted 2 years after grafting.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A quick cultivation method of a four-season golden camellia bonsai is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting stock varieties: selecting a camellia plant Hongluo treasure seed subjected to cuttage propagation as a stock;
(2) transplanting bonsai rootstocks: transplanting in winter or spring, pruning the stock before transplanting, selecting and reserving 3-5 branches with uniform branch angles for cutting, reserving 15-20cm in length, dredging out the rest branches, reserving soil balls according to 7.5 times of the ground diameter during transplanting, selecting a container with the height and the diameter being 10-15cm larger than those of the soil balls, firstly placing humus soil with the thickness of 10cm at the bottom of the container, placing the stock with the soil balls in the middle of the container, filling yellow soil around the stock with the soil balls, compacting the stock layer by layer until the container is filled, and then moving the stock to a greenhouse with the shading degree of 50% to be placed in rows;
(3) grafting: grafting can be carried out after the stock is recovered to grow, and the optimal period is 5 months;
selection of scions: the four-season golden camellia variety is Chongleft golden camellia, and branches growing for 2-3 years are selected as scions at the middle upper part of a crown;
the grafting method comprises the following steps: by adopting a single-bud cutting and grafting method, because the current-year branches of the four-season golden camellia are thinner, the branches suitable for making bonsais are preferably adopted as scions, when grafting is carried out, the branches suitable for making bonsais are selected from the stock, the parts with the branches of more than 10cm are cut off, then a cutter is used for vertically downwards cutting a notch, the width of the notch is approximately equal to the diameter of the scions, namely when the scions are thicker, the notch is close to the center of the stock; when the scion is thinner, the cut is deviated to the outer side; the length of a cut is 1.6cm, then a large inclined plane with the length of 1.6cm is downwards cut at a position 0.3cm below a scion bud eye, a small inclined plane with the length of 0.5-1cm is cut at the back of the scion, the large inclined plane is inserted into the cut, cambiums of the stock and the scion are aligned, the upper part of the scion is exposed with 0.1-0.2cm, then the scion is wound by using an adhesive tape for 1-2 circles to fix the scion, then the grafting part is sequentially bound by using a film according to a common grafting method from bottom to top, and the remained leaves are stretched and then wound on the stock for binding;
(4) and (3) management after grafting: after grafting, covering a layer of shading net to ensure that the shading degree is 75%;
daily management: keeping soil moist and removing tillering in time;
and (3) pest control: after grafting is finished for 20-30 days, a grafted seedling starts to sprout, monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.2-0.3% is sprayed every 10-15 days and sprayed until the leaf surface is wet, and carbendazim with the mass concentration of 0.1% and pyrethroid pesticides with the mass concentration of 0.1% can be simultaneously added when foliar fertilizer is sprayed for pest control and spraying until the leaf surface is wet.
2. The method for rapidly cultivating the four-season golden camellia bonsai according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (1), Hongluozhen with the ground diameter of 3-6cm and the branch height of 20-50cm is selected as a stock.
3. The method for rapidly cultivating the four-season golden camellia bonsai according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the potted landscape rootstocks in the step (2) are transplanted and then further comprise management after transplantation and pest control, wherein the management after transplantation comprises watering rooting water and rooting agent once after transplantation, and the soil is kept not to be too dry or too wet;
the pest control is to spray pesticide for controlling the above pest to the stock in time when there are two diseases of black mold and anthracnose and pest control of aphid, lesser leafhopper and longicorn.
4. The method for rapidly cultivating the four-season golden camellia bonsai according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the container in the step (2) is a tree planting bag.
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| CN110622814A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-31 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating camellia bonsai by grafting camellia oleifera tree roots |
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