CN108901577B - Method for making Buddhist relic dried plum blossom bonsai - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for making a dry plum blossom bonsai, which comprises the following steps: (1) variety selection, (2) root pile selection and self-culture, (3) root pile rapid-prototyping, (4) modeling, (5) dry cutting, (6) secondary trimming, and (7) dry cutting maintenance and pest control. The invention clarifies the key technology for manufacturing the pruned dried plum blossom bonsai, so that the pruned dried plum blossom bonsai is manufactured with recyclable stamps, has strong operability and generalization, solves the problem of quick root stump manufacturing of the pruned dried plum blossom bonsai, and is suitable for large-scale production.

Description

Method for making Buddhist relic dried plum blossom bonsai

Technical Field

The present invention belongs to the field of potted landscape making technology.

Background

Plum (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc) originally produced in the southwest of China and belongs to deciduous trees of Prunus of Rosaceae, and occupies the head of the ten major flowers in China.

Plum blossom is divided into two major classes of plum blossom and plum blossom, and plum blossom is divided into white plum and green plum. The flower and plum have large variation and multiple varieties due to long-term cultivation, and the flower and plum are divided into four types: prunus mume, prunella vulgaris, and prunus mume. Wherein, the straight foot plums have upright or oblique branches which are divided into seven types according to the flower type and the flower color: jiangmei type, uterus powder type, scarlet type, cinnabar type, jade butterfly type, green calyx type, gold spraying type, etc. The branches of the prunes droop to form a unique umbrella-shaped tree posture which is divided into six types: single powder water type, double powder water type, bone red water type, residual snow water type, white water type, five-treasure water type, etc. Long you Mei, the branches are naturally curved like you Long. The branches and leaves of the apricot and plum are similar to those of the wild apricot, the flowering phase is late, and the cold resistance is strong.

In general, plum blossom enjoys warm and humid environment, has sufficient sunlight and good ventilation, and can resist cold and drought. The diseases damaging plum blossom mainly comprise dead branch disease, leaf roll disease, yellowing disease, anthracnose, plaster disease, root knot nematode disease, wood rot disease and the like, and the insect pests damaging plum blossom mainly comprise aphid, scale insect, red spider, prodigious moth, longicorn and the like.

The traditional plum bonsai has a plurality of shapes, which are common: a Huipang dragon type, a three-table type and a basket type, wherein the Huipang dragon type is that the main stem is coiled from the top of the base to form an S-shaped curve, such as a dragon shape; the plum blossom branches are in a raised pimple type, a downwind type and a drop type, wherein in the pimple type, when the plum blossom branches are young, the main stems are knotted or wound in a circle, and the pimple shape is formed after a long time; and (3) a Supai splitting method, namely splitting the thick and large plum pile stems, removing part of xylem, and engraving. In addition, there are various forms such as dry pile type, cliff type, pneumatic type, curved dry type, jungle type, etc.

The potted landscape root pile acquisition mode has two kinds:

(1) excavating root piles: the field has fewer root stakes meeting the requirements of the dried Chinese dwarf bonsai shape and cannot meet the requirement of commercial scale production. The field root pile is cut and shaped in winter, the main root and partial side roots are cut off, and the field is cut and potted after one year of culture.

(2) Self-ridging pile: selecting plum blossom variety seedlings suitable for making the bonsai, designing, carrying out directional cultivation, and controlling the trunk height, the lateral branch direction, the length and the thickness of each level to obtain the root stump of the tree posture required for making the house trunk bonsai. The self-rooting pile grows in a man-made environment, can be continuously adjusted and controlled according to modeling requirements, enables the pile body to gradually present the characteristics of nature, harmonious proportion, beautiful lines and the like, and is suitable for large-scale commodity production.

During the creation of potted landscape, several dead branches are used for creation and named as Sheli trunk and Shenzhi branch. The Sheli trunk is firstly found in old trees which are destroyed by lightning, wind, frost, snow and rain, rockfall and diseases in nature, partial crowns, branches and trunks wither, barks of the old trees are peeled off, xylem is ossified, and the trunk with the xylem of the trunk part being ossified is called as the Sheli trunk; the bark of the branches or branch ends is peeled off, and the branches or branch ends are called as 'Shenzhi'.

Part of the 'prune stem' in the plum blossom bonsai is derived from the xylem ossification of the trunk naturally formed in the nature; the other part of the 'shuli dry' is made by modern technology, and barks are peeled off in an artificial processing mode to make artificial 'Shenzhi' or 'shuli dry'; the tree trunk is manufactured by a modern process by using a manufacturing method of a 'Sheli trunk' due to a plurality of defects of the tree trunk.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a manufacturing method for manufacturing a Buddhist dry plum blossom bonsai, which is economical and effective, strong in reference and easy to operate, and solves the problem that the Buddhist dry plum blossom bonsai is not manufactured with stamps and can be recycled.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a method for making a dry plum blossom bonsai comprises the following steps:

(1) variety selection: selecting "TIEGU red", "Pink Cinnabaris", "YINHONGTAIGU", and "HONGLINDIHONG" from single petal or multiple petal plum blossom;

(2) root pile selection and self-culture: digging root piles or self-culture root piles in the field; firstly, selecting field root stumps according to the requirements of bonsai modeling, cutting off main roots after leaves fall and before flower buds expand after the variety is determined, reserving more lateral roots, trimming and shaping the stumps, and transplanting the stumps into pots after field culture for one year;

secondly, designing a self-bacon pile according to the requirement of the bonsai shape, wherein the transplanting time of the self-bacon pile is from leaf falling to flower bud expansion, and after trimming and shaping the stump, transplanting the stump into a pot;

(3) quick construction of the root pile: after the variety is determined, open field cultivation is adopted, and according to the designed tree shape, a directional rapid-growing cultivation measure is adopted to self-cultivate the root piles conforming to the tree shape;

(4) modeling: cutting in winter after leaf falling and before flower bud sprouting, and cutting off dense, unorganized, straight and unorganized branches, and reserving branches with beautiful shapes and good appearance;

(5) carving dried Sertoli: the carving time is that 1-3 water absorption lines are reserved after leaves fall and before flower buds expand, and the total width of the water absorption lines exceeds 1/2 of the girth; if 2 water absorption lines are reserved, the water absorption lines are positioned at the left and right parts of the front side of the Buddhist relic drying machine; if 3 water absorption lines are reserved, one water absorption line is positioned behind the sertoli trunk and forms a triangle with the two water absorption lines on the front side; when the water sucking line is initially carved, the transverse rotation is forbidden;

(6) and (3) secondary trimming: bud picking is carried out in the first ten days of 4 months, excessive buds with bad positions of attachment are picked off, and the tender branches are pruned and pinched for the second time in the last ten days of 4 months and the last ten days of 5 months;

(7) drynaria maintenance and pest control: the Buddhist dry plum blossom bonsai is placed in a place with sufficient sunlight and air circulation, and the pot soil is kept moist without water accumulation; washing the dried bean curd with clear water in late 2 and early 10 months, polishing the rotten part with bacterial plaque and moss along the wood grain with wood sand paper after drying, and brushing lime-sulfur mixture with small palm for 2-3 times; removing immature wood rot fungus fruiting body in 10 months, and spraying 0.3 degree lime sulfur mixture in the spore emission period of wood rot fungus.

In the step (3):

(1) applying 10 kg/mu, 15 kg/mu, 8 kg/mu and 8 kg/mu of urea in the middle ten days of 3 months, the last ten days of 4 months, the last ten days of 5 months and the last ten days of 8 months respectively every year; respectively applying 10 kg/mu and 20 kg/mu of potassium oxide in 3 and 5 months, applying the potassium oxide in all weather, and applying the potassium oxide before the urea rains and ensuring the potassium oxide to be dissolved in the soil;

(2) applying base fertilizer in the middle of 9 to 10 months, and applying phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and boron fertilizers together when applying the base fertilizer;

(3) picking off young fruits in the middle ten days of the month 4;

(4) thinning and pruning are carried out in 4 months and 5 months, and the growth and thickness speed of each level of lignification branches is controlled;

(5) during the long period of the plum and peanut, no rain is needed for replenishing water and preserving soil moisture for one week, and field water accumulation is avoided in rainy seasons;

(6) spraying 1000 times of 40% thiophanate methyl every other week in the late spring and early summer of each year at the peak stage of fungal spore emission; spraying 2000 times of 52.25% agricultural land green emulsifiable solution when aphids or scale insects exist; in 5-month middle ten days each year, 3-4 kg of 90% trichlorfon crystals are scattered after each mu of fine soil is mixed before rain;

(7) the number, direction and length of branches at all levels are controlled by winter pruning.

The engraving process in the step (5) is specifically as follows:

(1) determining the front face of the bonsai, namely determining the front face according to the width of the branch face and the bending angle, wherein the water absorption line can be seen from the front face after carving;

(2) bonsai modeling picture composition, selecting proper modeling according to tree shape, marking on branches before engraving, determining water absorption line position, angle and trend along wood grain, and then determining engraving depth and torsion;

(3) roughly carving, namely cutting by digging a hole or carving by a rough ditch in advance by using a saw, a chisel or a cone, and particularly sawing and shortening the over-long branches; forming grooves and cavities on the over-thick branches by a chiseling method; forming grooves with different widths at a longer place by a pulling method;

(4) finishing carving, namely modifying by using an electric rotary tool, and digging small holes to form fine groove lines;

(5) fine grinding, namely, grinding and polishing the carved wooden surface by using wood sand paper.

In the step (6), the tender branches are trimmed or pinched in the last ten days of 4 months and the last ten days of 5 months, and the length of the remained branches is 25-35 cm.

By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the key technologies of the Sheligan plum blossom bonsai manufacturing variety selection, root pile selection or self-culture, modeling selection, Sheligan manufacturing, Sheligan maintenance and the like are solved;

2. the problem of quick root stump manufacturing of the plum blossom bonsai trunk is solved, and the method is suitable for large-scale production. According to the design requirements of the bonsai shape, the ground cultivation is adopted, the main root is cut off during the planting, and after the planting, the bonsai root pile which meets the shape requirements is cultivated by controlling the height of the main trunk, the branch direction, the number, the size and the length of the branches;

3. the plum blossom twigs are secondarily trimmed, so that the forming of the potted landscape is facilitated, the formation of flower buds is facilitated, and the ornamental value of the plum blossom potted landscape can be obviously improved;

4. the best carving time of the plum blossom shrub trunk is from fallen leaves to bud before the bud of the flower buds are shown, and the method is suitable for manufacturing the plum blossom miniascapes in the nationwide shrub trunk; the root pile selection, modeling selection and dry-leaving manufacturing technology of the invention is less influenced by regions and phenological periods;

5. solves the problem of the synergistic control of the major pests and diseases of plum blossom.

Detailed Description

The method for making the Buddhist dry plum blossom bonsai comprises the following steps:

1. variety selection

The method mainly comprises the following steps of selecting single-petal varieties which are light in pest and disease damage, strong in growth potential, easy to form flower buds, dense in flower arrangement and long in flowering period, wherein the single-petal varieties comprise: the Chinese medicinal composition is of a powder type, a cinnabar type, a calyx shaped green type, a plump plum type and the like; the compound petal variety is auxiliary, such as iron bone red, pink cinnabar, silver red pavilion, Honglin scarlet and the like; the variety with even flower-bearing on long branches is better.

2. Root pile selection and self-culture

And (3) digging a root pile in the field: the field excavated root piles are selected according to the requirements of bonsai modeling, but the quantity is small, and the requirement of commercialized production cannot be met. Digging field root piles after leaf falling and before flower bud expansion, cutting off main roots, reserving more lateral roots, trimming and shaping stumps, culturing for one year, transplanting into a pot, growing new branches after root systems survive, climbing and tying, pruning and pinching tender branches for two times, and making the house stems after one year.

Self-ridging pile: according to the design requirements of potted landscape, the ground cultivation is adopted, the main root is cut off during transplantation, and after transplantation, the root pile meeting the modeling requirements is cultivated by controlling the height of the main trunk, the direction of the branches, the number, the size, the length and the like of the branches. After the seedling is transplanted and fallen leaves are formed, the flower bud is enlarged. Pruning and shaping the stumps, transplanting the stumps into pots, climbing, pruning the twigs for the second time and pinching after the root systems survive and sprout new branches, and then transplanting the stumps for one year to make the branch for the trunk.

3. Quick construction of root pile

After the variety is determined, open field cultivation is adopted, and according to the designed tree shape, the target root stump is promoted to be formed as soon as possible by strengthening directional cultivation measures such as reasonable pruning, fertilizer and water management, young fruit removal, disease and pest control and the like.

(1) Reasonably pruning, namely controlling the quantity, direction, length and thickness of lignified branches at all levels of root piles by winter pruning; the length and thickness speeds of different lignified branches of the root pile are controlled through summer shearing, so that the root pile is shaped;

(2) fertilizer and water management, namely applying 10 kg/mu, 15 kg/mu, 8 kg/mu and 8 kg/mu of urea in the middle 3 th, late 4 th, late 5 th and late 8 th of each year; applying 10 kg/mu and 20 kg/mu of potassium oxide respectively in 3 months and 5 months. The potassium oxide is applied in a broadcast manner all day long, and the urea is applied before rain and is ensured to be dissolved into the soil. Applying base fertilizer in the middle of 9 to 10 months, and applying phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and boron fertilizers together when applying the base fertilizer;

(3) picking off young fruits-4 mid-month old young fruits;

(4) disease and pest control-every year, in the early spring summer spore emergence period, 40% thiophanate methyl is sprayed 1000 times every other week; spraying 2000 times of 52.25% agricultural land green emulsifiable solution when aphids or scale insects exist; thinning and pruning are carried out in 4 months and 5 months, and the growth and thickness speed of each level of lignification branches is controlled; in 5-month middle ten days each year, 3-4 kg of 90% dipterex crystals are scattered after each mu of fine soil is mixed before rain.

4. Moulding

The traditional plum bonsai has a plurality of shapes, and often: dragon tour style, three desk style, basket style of Huipai; raised pimple type, downwind type, drooping branch type; split-dry type of Supai, and different shapes such as dry pile type, cliff type, pneumatic type, curved dry type, jungle type, etc.

The modeling of the plum blossom bonsai is to determine a modeling mode according to the appearance of a plum blossom tree. The plum blossom bonsai is shaped mainly after leaves fall and before flower buds sprout, a trimming and climbing mode is selected according to design, branch strength and the like during shaping, dense, unimorph, straight and unimorph branches are trimmed by taking trimming as a main mode and climbing as an auxiliary mode, the branches with beautiful shapes and good appearance are reserved, and the proportion of stems, branches and flowers is coordinated and harmonious and uniform.

5. Sheligan carving

Before carving, the trunk is designed according to the tree shape and the integral shape of the plum blossom potted landscape, so that the height of the peak valley, the width and the length of the groove, the size and the depth of the cavity reach reasonable proportion, and the trunk is coordinated with the tree shape and beautiful.

Engraving:

(1) determining the front face of the bonsai, namely determining the front face according to the width of the branch face and the bending angle, wherein the water absorption line can be seen from the front face after carving;

(2) bonsai modeling picture composition, selecting proper modeling according to tree shape, marking on branches before engraving, determining water absorption line position, angle and trend along wood grain, and then determining engraving depth and torsion;

(3) roughly carving, namely cutting by digging a hole or carving by a rough ditch in advance by using a saw, a chisel or a cone, and particularly sawing and shortening the over-long branches; forming preliminary grooves and cavities on the over-thick branches by a chiseling method; forming grooves with different widths at a longer place by a pulling method;

(4) finishing carving, namely modifying by using an electric rotary tool, and digging small holes to form fine groove lines;

(5) fine grinding, namely grinding and polishing the carved wooden surface by using wood sand paper after the carving is basically finished.

Engraving notes:

(1) carving is carried out after leaves fall and before flower buds expand, and is not good in summer so as to avoid influencing healing;

(2) the engraving is performed from bottom to top and from big to small;

(3) the bonsai which just changes the pot soil is not required to be carved, the root function is not recovered, and the survival rate is influenced;

(4) after the carving is finished, the carving tool is placed in a shade place to reduce water loss;

(5) when the xylem is not completely dried, no lime sulfur mixture is coated;

(6) during carving, the retention and the arrangement of the water absorption line are noticed. The carving time is that 1-3 water absorption lines are reserved after leaves fall and before flower buds expand, and the total width of the water absorption lines exceeds 1/2 of the girth; if 2 water absorption lines are reserved, the water absorption lines are positioned at the left and right parts of the front surface of the Buddhist relic drying machine; if 3 water absorption lines are reserved, one water absorption line is positioned behind the sertoli trunk and forms a triangle with the two water absorption lines on the front side; when the water line is initially carved, the transverse rotation is forbidden.

6. Second pruning

Bud picking is carried out in the last ten days of 4 months, excessive buds with bad positions of attachment are removed, and the tender branches are pruned and pinched for the second time in the last ten days of 4 months and the last ten days of 5 months.

7. Sertoli drying maintenance and pest control

(1) Drying and maintaining. The Buddhist relics 'dried plum blossom bonsai should be placed in the place where sunshine is sufficient and air circulates, keep ponding in the moist basin of basin soil, the Buddhist relics' dried maintenance should accomplish:

cleaning-washing the trash dry with clear water in the late 2 th and the early 10 th months to ensure that no water is accumulated in the grooves, cavities and other parts of the trash dry, and then polishing the parts which are rotten and are attached with bacterial plaques and moss along the wood grains with wood sand paper.

The dry-Buddhist relic dry plum blossom bonsai is required to be placed in an environment with sufficient illumination and good ventilation, the Buddhist relic dry state is concerned all the time, and the pot soil is kept moist without water accumulation.

After maintenance, namely drying, cleaning and drying, uniformly coating the lime sulfur mixture for 2-3 times by using a small palm brush until the color is uniform and is greenish.

(2) The disease and pest control of the Serpentis Stem. Spraying 1000 times of 40% thiophanate methyl solution every other week from last ten days of 4 months for 3 times continuously; spraying 2000 times of 52.25% agricultural land green emulsifiable solution when aphids or scale insects exist, and preventing and treating various plum blossom branch and leaf diseases and pests such as aphids, scale insects, whiteflies and the like; spreading 90% crystal trichlorfon 3-4 kg per mu before raining in late 5 months to prevent and control root-knot nematode, leaf eating pests between 5-6 months, newly-eaten trunk eating pests and red spiders; after 7 months, selecting proper pesticide for prevention and treatment according to the occurrence condition of diseases and pests; removing immature wood rot fungus fruiting body in 10 months, and spraying 0.3 degree lime sulfur mixture in the spore emission period of wood rot fungus.

Claims (3)

1. A method for making a dry plum blossom bonsai comprises the following steps:

(1) variety selection: selecting "TIEGU red", "Pink Cinnabaris", "YINHONGTAIGU", and "HONGLINDIHONG" from single petal or multiple petal plum blossom;

(2) root pile selection and self-culture: firstly, selecting field root stumps according to the requirements of bonsai modeling, cutting off main roots after leaves fall and before flower buds expand after the variety is determined, reserving more lateral roots, trimming and shaping the stumps in winter, and transplanting the stumps into pots after the stumps are cultured for one year in the field;

designing a self-bacon pile according to the requirements of the bonsai shape, wherein the transplanting time of the self-bacon pile is from leaf falling to flower bud expansion, and transplanting the tree pile into a pot after winter pruning and shaping;

transplanting the field root piles and the self-culture root piles for one year before the shed trunk is produced;

(3) quick construction of the root pile: after the variety is determined, open field cultivation is adopted, and according to the designed tree shape, a directional quick cultivation measure is adopted to cultivate root piles conforming to the tree shape;

in the step (3):

1) applying 10 kg/mu, 15 kg/mu, 8 kg/mu and 8 kg/mu of urea in the middle ten days of 3 months, the last ten days of 4 months, the last ten days of 5 months and the last ten days of 8 months respectively every year; respectively applying 10 kg/mu and 20 kg/mu of potassium oxide in 3 and 5 months, applying the potassium oxide in all weather, and applying the potassium oxide before the urea rains and ensuring the potassium oxide to be dissolved in the soil;

2) applying base fertilizer in the middle of 9 to 10 months, and applying phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and boron fertilizers together when applying the base fertilizer;

3) picking off young fruits in the middle ten days of the month 4;

4) carrying out branch thinning and summer shearing on the self-ridging root piles which are not potted for 4 months and 5 months, and controlling the growing speed of each level of lignification branches;

5) during the long period of the plum and peanut, no rain is needed for replenishing water and preserving soil moisture for one week, and field water accumulation is avoided in rainy seasons;

6) spraying 1000 times of 40% thiophanate methyl solution every other week in the late spring and early summer of each year at the peak stage of fungal spore emission; spraying 2000 times of 52.25% agricultural land green emulsifiable solution when aphids or scale insects exist; in 5-month middle ten days each year, 3-4 kg of 90% trichlorfon crystals per mu before rain are uniformly mixed with fine soil and then are applied;

7) the number, direction, length and thickness of each level of lignified branches are controlled by carrying out winter pruning on self-bacon piles which are not potted;

(4) modeling: cutting the potted plum blossom into leaves and before the buds of the flowers, and cutting off dense, unimorph, straight and posture-free branches to retain branches with beautiful shapes and good appearance;

(5) carving dried Sertoli: the carving time is that 1-3 water absorption lines are reserved after leaves fall and before flower buds expand, and the total width of the water absorption lines exceeds 1/2 of the girth; when 2 water absorption lines are reserved, the water absorption lines are positioned at the left and right parts of the front surface of the Buddhist relic drying machine; when 3 water absorption lines are reserved, one water absorption line is positioned behind the shaley trunk and forms a triangle with the two water absorption lines on the front side; when the water sucking line is initially carved, the transverse rotation is forbidden;

(6) summer shearing: bud picking is carried out on the potted girdling plum blossom potted landscape which is completely drained after the potted girdling in the late 4 months, excessive buds with bad positions of attachment are removed, and the tender branches are respectively subjected to secondary summer pruning and pinching in the late 4 months and the late 5 months, and are simultaneously climbed;

(7) drynaria maintenance and pest control: the Buddhist dry plum blossom bonsai is placed in a place with sufficient sunlight and air circulation, and the pot soil is kept moist without water accumulation; washing the dried bean curd with clear water in late 2 and early 10 months, polishing the rotten part with bacterial plaque and moss along the wood grain with wood sand paper after drying, and brushing lime-sulfur mixture with small palm for 2-3 times; removing immature wood rot fungus fruiting body in 10 months, and spraying 0.3 degree lime sulfur mixture in the spore emission period of wood rot fungus.

2. The method for making the dry plum blossom bonsai according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the engraving process in the step (5) is specifically as follows:

(1) determining the front face of the bonsai, namely determining the front face according to the width of the branch face and the bending angle, wherein the water absorption line can be seen from the front face after carving;

(2) bonsai modeling picture composition, selecting proper modeling according to tree shape, marking on branches before engraving, determining water absorption line position, angle and trend along wood grain, and then determining engraving depth and torsion;

(3) roughly carving, namely cutting by digging a hole or carving by a rough ditch in advance by using a saw, a chisel or a cone, and particularly sawing and shortening the over-long branches; forming grooves and cavities on the over-thick branches by a chiseling method; forming grooves with different widths at a longer place by a pulling method;

(4) finishing carving, namely modifying by using an electric rotary tool, and digging small holes to form fine groove lines;

(5) fine grinding, namely, grinding and polishing the carved wooden surface by using wood sand paper.

3. The method for making the dry plum blossom bonsai according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (6), the twigs are pruned or pinched in the last 4 th and last 5 th months, and the length of the remaining twigs is 25-35 cm.