CN100511710C - 薄膜晶体管的多晶硅层及其显示器 - Google Patents

薄膜晶体管的多晶硅层及其显示器 Download PDF

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CN100511710C
CN100511710C CNB021524327A CN02152432A CN100511710C CN 100511710 C CN100511710 C CN 100511710C CN B021524327 A CNB021524327 A CN B021524327A CN 02152432 A CN02152432 A CN 02152432A CN 100511710 C CN100511710 C CN 100511710C
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李基隆
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种薄膜晶体管(TFT)的多晶硅层及其显示器。该多晶硅层包括一有源沟道区,其中,最大数量的主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率P不为0.5,该几率由以下等式获得:P=(D-(Nmax-1)·Gs)/(Gs),其中,D=L·cosθ+W·sinθ,L为有源沟道区的沟道长度,W为有源沟道区的宽度,Nmax为有源沟道区上存在的主晶界的最大数目,Gs为晶粒尺寸,而θ为主晶界的倾角。

Description

薄膜晶体管的多晶硅层及其显示器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多晶硅层及具有该多晶硅层的器件,尤其涉及一种薄膜晶体管(TFT)的多晶硅层及具有该多晶硅层的器件。
背景技术
薄膜晶体管(TFT)的有源沟道区通常由多晶硅材料制成,因而包括有晶界。在晶界中,存在诸如悬空键(dangling bond)和变形键(strained bond)的缺陷,且这些缺陷作为电荷载流子的陷井。
因此,诸如晶粒尺寸、晶粒尺寸均匀度、晶粒数量、晶界位置和晶界倾角的参数影响TFT的特性,诸如阈值电压、亚阈值斜率(sub-thresholdslope)、电荷载流子迁移率、漏电流和器件稳定性等。尤其是,晶界倾角影响TFT特性的一致性。
对TFT的性能有不利影响的晶界被称作主晶界(primary boundary)。存在于有源沟道区上的主晶界的数量取决于晶粒尺寸和晶界倾角“θ”以及有源沟道区的大小(即长度L和宽度W),如图1所示。
假设可在具有给定沟道长度的有源沟道区上存在的主晶界的最大数量为“Nmax”,则在具有同样沟道长度的任意有源沟道区上存在的主晶界的数量可以是“Nmax”或“Nmax-1”。
参照图2A和2B,图2A的TFT具有两个主晶界,且图2B的TFT具有三个主晶界。
在显示器中,随着具有同样数量主晶界的TFT变得更占优势,可以获得具有良好TFT性能一致性的显示器。然而,当具有Nmax个主晶界的TFT和具有“Nmax-1”个主晶界的TFT在数量上相等时,则显示器具有最差的TFT性能一致性。
同时,具有大的硅晶粒的有源沟道区可利用顺序横向凝固(sequentiallateral solidification)(SLS)技术形成。采用这种有源沟道区制造的TFT呈现出与利用单晶硅制造的TFT的性能相似的性能。
然而,显示器包括上百万个像素。液晶显示器(LCD)在每个像素上包括一个TFT,且有机电致发光(EL)显示器在每个像素上包括至少两个TFT。因此,不可能制造上百万个在有源沟道区上存在的主晶界数量上和晶粒生长方向上均相等的TFT。
国际专利申请WO97/45827公开了一种使用SLS技术形成具有大的硅晶粒的有源沟道区的技术。利用PECVD技术、LPCVD技术或溅射技术沉积非晶硅层。之后,非晶硅层的整个部分或选定部分利用SLS技术晶化,如图3A和3B所示。
在非晶硅层的整个部分或选定部分的晶化过程中,激光束或台阶(stage)可以上升或下降、或偏移。因此,在激光束扫描的各区域之间发生未对准,导致TFT与TFT之间有源沟道区中主晶界数量的不同。虽然在晶化过程中未在整个面板上发生非对准误差,但是根据面板上TFT的位置和大小,TFT与TFT之间主晶界的数量总是不同,除非TFT的位置和大小被设计来控制主晶界的数量和位置,这使得TFT的设计和制造工艺均变复杂。于是,包括在各TFT的有源沟道区中的主晶界的数量可以彼此不同,导致TFT性能的低劣的一致性。
美国专利6,177,391公开了一种制造TFT的方法,其中,TFT的具有大的硅晶粒的有源沟道区利用SLS技术形成。当沟道方向平行于晶粒生长方向时,如图4A所示,晶界对电荷载流子方向的阻挡作用最小,因此,TFT可以具有与单晶硅相似的特性。然而,当沟道方向垂直于晶粒生长方向时,如图4B所示,晶界用作电荷载流子的陷井,因此,TFT的特性大大降低。
实际上,可以制造其沟道方向垂直于晶粒生长方向的TFT。此时,通过将沟道方向相对于晶粒生长方向的角度倾斜30°至60°,TFT的特性一致性可以提高,而不会大幅降低TFT的性能。然而,此方法不能从有源沟道区将主晶界完全去除,因此TFT特性因主晶界的数量不同导致的非均匀性依然存在。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种多晶硅层,其可提供具有均匀特性的薄膜晶体管。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种具有均匀特性的显示器。
本发明的其它目的和优点将在以下的说明中部分阐明,且将由该说明而清晰,或者可从本发明的实施中得到启示。
本发明的前述和其它目的通过提供一种包括有源沟道区的薄膜晶体管(TFT)的多晶硅层实现,其中,最大数量的主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率不为0.5,该几率由以下等式获得:
P = D - ( N max - 1 ) · Gs Gs
其中,D=L·cosθ+W·sinθ,L为有源沟道区的沟道长度,W为有源沟道区的宽度,Nmax为有源沟道区上存在的主晶界的最大数目,Gs为晶粒尺寸,而θ为主晶界的倾角,该倾角为主晶界与源电极和漏电极之间的假想法线形成的角。
本发明还提供一种器件,包括:具有多晶硅层的薄膜晶体管,其中,所述多晶硅层包括有源沟道区,其中,最大数量的主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率P不为0.5,该几率P由以下等式获得:
P = D - ( N max - 1 ) · Gs Gs ,
其中,D=L·cosθ+W·sinθ,L为有源沟道区的沟道长度,W为有源沟道区的宽度,Nmax为有源沟道区上存在的主晶界的最大数目,Gs为晶粒尺寸,而θ为主晶界的倾角,该倾角为主晶界与源电极和漏电极之间的假想法线形成的角。
本发明的前述和其它目的还可通过提供包括有源沟道区的薄膜晶体管(TFT)的一种多晶硅层实现,其中,有源沟道区的长度为晶粒尺寸的整数倍。
本发明的前述和其它目的还可通过提供包括有源沟道区的薄膜晶体管(TFT)的一种多晶硅层实现,其中,最大数目的主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率定义成一距离与晶粒纵向长度之比,且该几率不为0.5,在该距离中,有源沟道在晶粒纵向方向上的长度减去“最大数目-1”个主晶界占据的距离。
本发明的前述和其它目的还通过提供一种具有一种薄膜晶体管的器件而实现,该薄膜晶体管包括根据本发明的一种多晶硅层的多晶硅层。
附图说明
通过参照附图对实施例进行的以下说明,本发明的这些和其它目的和优点将变得清晰且更易于理解,图中:
图1示出现有技术中,存在于有源沟道区上的主晶界数量取决于晶粒大小和晶界倾角、以及有源沟道区的尺寸;
图2A和2B示出现有技术的具有不同主晶界数目的TFT;
图3A和3B示出现有技术的TFT,其具有包括由SLS技术形成的大硅晶粒的有源沟道;
图4A至4C是横截面视图,示出现有技术的TFT的有源沟道区;
图5A至5C示出了横截面视图,该视图说明了根据本发明的TFT的有源沟道区,该区具有倾斜的主晶界;
图6A和6B是说明本发明获得最大数量或最大数量-1的倾斜主晶界存在于有源区上的几率的等式的视图;
图7A至8B是一系列视图,说明本发明获得最大数量或最大数量-1的主晶界存在于有源区上的几率的等式;以及
图9A至11B是一系列视图,说明通过某参数值获得几率的示例。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参照本发明的实施例,该实施例的示例示于附图中,其中,相同的附图标记表示相同的元件。以下描述实施例以参照附图说明本发明。
为了确定诸如硅晶粒大小、主晶界倾斜角和有源沟道区尺寸的参数的优选条件,为了制造性能一致的薄膜晶体管(TFT),将Nmax主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率P归纳为晶粒大小、晶界倾角和有源沟道区尺寸的函数。
参照图5A至5C,由主晶界与源电极和漏电极之间的假想法线NN形成的角“θ”在-45°和45°之间。即,“-45°≤θ≤45°”成立。
参照图6A和6B,假设有源沟道区的长度和宽度为L和W,两条假想线之间的距离为D,该假想线自有源沟道区的两个尖角点延伸、平行于主晶界、且垂直于次晶界(second grain boundary)。因此,以下等式成立:
D=(L+x)×cosθ,
其中,“x”为“W×tanθ”。
“D=(L+W·tanθ)×cosθ=L·cosθ+W·tanθ·cosθ”成立。因为“tanθ·cosθ”为“sinθ”,所以“D”为“L·cosθ+W·sinθ”。
因此,距离D可以定义为长度L、宽度W和倾角θ的函数。
假设晶粒纵向长度为Gs。有源沟道区上存在的主晶界的最大数量Nmax可以如下定义:
Nmax=ξ(D/Gs)。
此处,函数ξ可以如下定义:
ξ(x)为≥x的数中的最小整数,其中,“x”为任意数。
例如,当“x”为“2”时,“Nmax”为“2”;当x为“2.3”时,“Nmax”为“3”。
同时,Nmax主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率P可如下定义:
P = a + b Gs ,
其中,“a+b”为距离D减去“Nmax-1”个晶粒占据的距离后的距离:“a+b”=D-(Nmax-1)·Gs。
因此, P = D - ( N max - 1 ) · Gs Gs .
同时,Nmax-1个主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率Q可以如下定义:
由于P+Q=1,Q=1-P。
所以, Q = 1 - D - ( N max - 1 ) · Gs Gs = - D + N max - 1 · Gs Gs .
如上所述,TFT的有源沟道区具有Nmax个主晶界或Nmax-1个主晶界。该几率具有如下含义。
P=0:Nmax个主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率为“0”,因此,Nmax-1个主晶界存在于有源沟道区上。
0<P<0.5:Nmax个主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率小于Nmax-1个主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率。
P=0.5:Nmax个主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率等于Nmax-1个主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率。
0.5<P<1:Nmax个主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率大于Nmax-1个主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率。
P=1:Nmax个主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率为“1”,因此,Nmax个主晶界存在于有源沟道区上。
因此,当“P”为“0.5”时,TFT性能的一致性最差。另外,当“P”为“0”或“1”时,TFT性能的一致性最佳。
然而,由于诸如例如栅极金属的湿法或干法蚀刻过程中工艺容限(process margin)的原因,难以制造具有“0”或“1”几率的多晶硅。优选的是,多晶硅层基于0≤P≤0.25或0.75≤P≤1的几率而制造,这是显示器中所需要的TFT性能一致性的范围。
参见图7A至7C,主晶界平行于假想法线NN。即主晶界的倾角θ为“0°”。在此情形下,当同样数量的主晶界存在于有源沟道区上时,与倾角θ不为“0°”的情形相比,次晶界对TFT性能的影响减小,因此可以理解TFT性能得以提高。
参见图8A和8B,在主晶界的倾角θ为“0°”的情形下,距离D等于长度L,因此几率可以如下定义:
P = L - ( N max - 1 ) &CenterDot; Gs Gs
此外,几率Q可如下定义:
Q = 1 - L - ( N max - 1 ) &CenterDot; Gs Gs .
= - L + N max &CenterDot; Gs Gs
参见图9A,长度L为9μm,且晶粒大小Gs为2μm。在这种情况下,Nmax为5。因此,在图9A的有源沟道区上存在4或5个主晶界。结果,P和Q分别为0.5。因此,可以理解,TFT性能一致性最差。
参见图9B,长度L为9μm,且晶粒大小Gs为4μm。此时,Nmax为3。因此,在图9B的有源沟道区上存在2或3个主晶界。结果,P和Q分别为0.25和0.75。因此,可以理解,与具有图9A所示有源沟道区的相比,TFT性能一致性提高。
参见图10A,长度L为10μm,且晶粒大小Gs为2μm。在这种情况下,Nmax为5。因此,在图10A的有源沟道区上存在4或5个主晶界。结果,P和Q分别为1和0。因此,可以理解,TFT性能一致性最优。
参见图10B,长度L为10μm,且晶粒大小Gs为4μm。此时,Nmax为3。因此,在图10B的有源沟道区上存在2或3个主晶界。结果,P和Q分别为0.5和0.5。因此,可以理解,与具有图10A所示有源沟道区的相比,TFT性能一致性变差。
参见图11A,长度L为4μm,且晶粒大小Gs为8μm。此时,Nmax为1。因此,在图11A的有源沟道区上存在1个主晶界或没有主晶界。结果,P和Q分别为0.5。因此,可以理解,TFT性能一致性最差。
参见图11B,长度L为4μm,且晶粒大小Gs为16μm。此时,Nmax为1。因此,在图11B的有源沟道区上存在1个主晶界或没有主晶界。结果,P和Q分别为0.25和0.75。因此,可以理解,与具有图11A所示有源沟道区的相比,TFT性能一致性提高。
如上所述,通过获得主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率,可以预计TFT的性能一致性。因此,硅晶化加工的工艺参数可以调整以获得具有优异一致性的TFT。
以下的表1至4示出了与晶粒大小和有源沟道区尺寸相应的几率P。
表1
Figure C02152432D00101
表1中,宽度W为10μm。
表2
表2中,宽度为10μm。
表3
Figure C02152432D00112
Figure C02152432D00121
表3中,倾角θ为0°。可理解的是,当有源沟道区的长度相对于主晶界的最大数量之比等于晶粒大小时,几率P为1。
表4
Figure C02152432D00122
Figure C02152432D00131
表4中,倾角θ为0°。可理解的是,当主晶界的最大数量等于有源沟道长度除以晶粒大小时,几率P为1。
如上所述,通过根据几率调整诸如晶粒大小、晶界倾角和有源沟道区尺寸的参数,可制造具有一致性能的TFT。
虽然已经显示和说明了本发明的若干实施例,但是对本领域技术人员显然的是,在不脱离本发明的原理和精髓的情况下,可对这些实施例作各种更改,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物确定。

Claims (13)

1.一种薄膜晶体管(TFT)的多晶硅层,包括:
有源沟道区,
其中,最大数量的主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率P不为0.5,该几率P由以下等式获得:
P = D - ( N max - 1 ) &CenterDot; Gs Gs ,
其中,D=L·cosθ+W·sinθ,L为有源沟道区的沟道长度,W为有源沟道区的宽度,Nmax为有源沟道区上存在的主晶界的最大数目,Gs为晶粒尺寸,而θ为主晶界的倾角,该倾角为主晶界与源电极和漏电极之间的假想法线形成的角。
2.如权利要求1所述的多晶硅层,其中,多晶硅层用在设置于显示区内的TFT中。
3.如权利要求1所述的多晶硅层,其中,多晶硅层用在设置于驱动电路部分内的TFT中。
4.如权利要求1所述的多晶硅层,其中,P大于0.75或小于0.25。
5.如权利要求1所述的多晶硅层,其中,θ为-45°≤θ≤45°。
6.如权利要求1所述的多晶硅层,其中,晶粒尺寸大于0.2μm。
7.如权利要求1所述的多晶硅层,其中,(Nmax-1)个主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率Q如下定义:Q=1-P。
8.如权利要求1所述的多晶硅层,其中,Nmax=ξ(D/Gs),此处,ξ(x)为≥x的数中的最小整数,且“x”为任意数。
9.如权利要求1所述的多晶硅层,其中,Nmax为1到10中的一个。
10.如权利要求1所述的多晶硅层,其中,当θ为0°时,有源沟道区长度相对于Nmax之比等于晶粒尺寸。
11.一种器件,包括:
具有多晶硅层的薄膜晶体管,其中,所述多晶硅层包括有源沟道区,
其中,最大数量的主晶界存在于有源沟道区上的几率P不为0.5,该几率P由以下等式获得:
P = D - ( N max - 1 ) &CenterDot; Gs Gs
其中,D=L·cosθ+W·sinθ,L为有源沟道区的沟道长度,W为有源沟道区的宽度,Nmax为有源沟道区上存在的主晶界的最大数目,Gs为晶粒尺寸,而θ为主晶界的倾角,该倾角为主晶界与源电极和漏电极之间的假想法线形成的角。
12.如权利要求11所述的器件,其中,所述器件为显示器或半导体器件。
13.如权利要求12所述的器件,其中,所述显示器包括液晶显示器(LCD)和有机电致发光显示器中的一种。
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