BR9806991A - Aparelho de mandril de largura ajustável automático para sistemas de teste de pneu. - Google Patents

Aparelho de mandril de largura ajustável automático para sistemas de teste de pneu.

Info

Publication number
BR9806991A
BR9806991A BR9806991-8A BR9806991A BR9806991A BR 9806991 A BR9806991 A BR 9806991A BR 9806991 A BR9806991 A BR 9806991A BR 9806991 A BR9806991 A BR 9806991A
Authority
BR
Brazil
Prior art keywords
chuck
stem
assembly
mandrel
tire
Prior art date
Application number
BR9806991-8A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Frank R Jellison
Francis J Bormet
Richard Cukelj
David W Lees Sr
Keith A Neiferd
Dennis Allyn Reynolds
Christy Quinn
Original Assignee
Illinois Tool Works
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Illinois Tool Works filed Critical Illinois Tool Works
Publication of BR9806991A publication Critical patent/BR9806991A/pt

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
    • G01M17/02—Tyres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C25/00—Apparatus or tools adapted for mounting, removing or inspecting tyres
    • B60C25/01—Apparatus or tools adapted for mounting, removing or inspecting tyres for removing tyres from or mounting tyres on wheels
    • B60C25/05—Machines
    • B60C25/132—Machines for removing and mounting tyres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
    • G01M17/02—Tyres
    • G01M17/021—Tyre supporting devices, e.g. chucks

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Testing Of Balance (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)

Abstract

"APARELHO DE MANDRIL DE LARGURA AJUSTáVEL AUTOMáTICO PARA SISTEMAS DE TESTE DE PNEU". Um aparelho de mandril de largura ajustável, automático, para posicionar com segurança pneus em uma máquina de teste de pneu inclui um mandril inferior na forma de uma montagem de haste e um mandril superior na forma de uma montagem de mandril móvel. A montagem de haste inclui uma haste rotativa possuindo uma parte afunilada e uma montagem de mandril inclui um elemento de mandril possuindo um recesso afunilado correspondente. A montagem de haste e a montagem de mandril sustentam um meio-aro para engatar os frisos inferior e superior do pneu. A montagem de mandril inteira é móvel na direção e para longe da montagem de haste sob a força de um cilindro hidráulico e pode ser parado em qualquer ponto entre as posições completamente elevada e completamente abaixada. Em adição, o elemento de mandril é independentemente móvel por cilindros pneumáticos para engatar o elemento de haste em várias posições relativas das montagens de haste e mandril. O mandril móvel possui um comprimento de percurso aumentado para acomodar pneus de várias dimensões. Os cilindros pneumáticos mantém a força com a qual o elemento de mandril engata a haste substancialmente constante. Um mecanismo separador de pneu é fornecido para forçosamente remover o pneu do aro de montagem de mandril na conclusão do teste.
BR9806991-8A 1997-01-24 1998-01-22 Aparelho de mandril de largura ajustável automático para sistemas de teste de pneu. BR9806991A (pt)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US3671997P 1997-01-24 1997-01-24
PCT/US1998/001326 WO1998034801A2 (en) 1997-01-24 1998-01-22 Automatic adjustable width chuck apparatus for tire testing systems

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BR9806991A true BR9806991A (pt) 2000-03-14

Family

ID=21890231

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BR9806991-8A BR9806991A (pt) 1997-01-24 1998-01-22 Aparelho de mandril de largura ajustável automático para sistemas de teste de pneu.

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US5992227A (pt)
EP (1) EP0956213B1 (pt)
JP (3) JP4011632B2 (pt)
KR (1) KR100313735B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN1096967C (pt)
AU (1) AU718582B2 (pt)
BR (1) BR9806991A (pt)
CA (1) CA2278543C (pt)
DE (1) DE69828384T2 (pt)
ES (1) ES2234093T3 (pt)
WO (1) WO1998034801A2 (pt)

Families Citing this family (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6834559B1 (en) 1999-07-09 2004-12-28 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Vibration compensation system for tire testing systems
US6584877B1 (en) * 2001-05-07 2003-07-01 Akron Special Machinery, Inc. Tire uniformity machine drive assembly
US6915684B2 (en) * 2002-04-22 2005-07-12 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Tire uniformity testing
EP1612534B1 (en) * 2003-04-09 2015-05-20 Bridgestone Corporation Divided rim for tire, method of assembling rim/tire assembly, and method and device for installing rim/tire assembly
US7240543B2 (en) * 2004-02-27 2007-07-10 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Tire positioning sensor
KR100617110B1 (ko) * 2004-04-09 2006-08-31 엘지전자 주식회사 건조겸용 드럼세탁기
JP4331091B2 (ja) * 2004-07-16 2009-09-16 横浜ゴム株式会社 タイヤ保持装置
US7197920B2 (en) * 2005-04-05 2007-04-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Test apparatus for accelerated wheel and suspension component structural durability
JP4005618B2 (ja) * 2006-04-14 2007-11-07 株式会社神戸製鋼所 タイヤの制動特性試験装置
ITRE20070091A1 (it) * 2007-07-30 2009-01-31 Corghi Spa '' macchina smontagomme perfezionata "
WO2010061845A1 (ja) * 2008-11-28 2010-06-03 株式会社神戸製鋼所 タイヤ検査装置のリム装着装置、磁石取付方法、リム交換装置、並びにタイヤ検査装置
JP5357081B2 (ja) * 2010-02-19 2013-12-04 三菱重工マシナリーテクノロジー株式会社 タイヤ試験機のタイヤインフレート方法
WO2011112811A1 (en) * 2010-03-10 2011-09-15 Micro-Poise Measurement Systems Llc. Tire testing apparatus having adjustable bead width
JP5956456B2 (ja) 2010-11-23 2016-07-27 マイクロ−ポイズ メジャーメント システムズ，リミティド ライアビリティ カンパニー タイヤ・ユニフォーミティ試験システム
US9046444B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2015-06-02 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Tire testing device
JP5801686B2 (ja) * 2011-10-25 2015-10-28 住友ゴム工業株式会社 タイヤ剥がし装置
US8881586B2 (en) * 2011-10-27 2014-11-11 Mobile Awareness, Llc Tire-condition-ascertaining cartridge
JP5752012B2 (ja) * 2011-11-11 2015-07-22 三菱重工マシナリーテクノロジー株式会社 リム組立体、タイヤ試験機及びリム組立体交換方法
JP5851848B2 (ja) 2012-01-12 2016-02-03 三菱重工マシナリーテクノロジー株式会社 タイヤ試験装置
JP5752068B2 (ja) 2012-02-17 2015-07-22 三菱重工マシナリーテクノロジー株式会社 タイヤ試験装置
JP6094007B2 (ja) * 2012-12-04 2017-03-15 株式会社長浜製作所 動釣合い試験機用タイヤ保持装置
DE112014000787B4 (de) 2013-03-15 2021-02-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) Reifenprüfmaschine und -verfahren
CN103234425A (zh) * 2013-04-02 2013-08-07 深圳市元征科技股份有限公司 轮胎平衡机轮辋测量卡尺
US10359333B2 (en) 2013-07-11 2019-07-23 Android Industries Llc Balancing device, uniformity device and methods for utilizing the same
KR101966029B1 (ko) 2013-07-11 2019-04-04 안드로이드 인더스트리즈 엘엘씨 밸런싱 디바이스, 균일성 디바이스 및 이들을 이용하기 위한 방법
CN103438776B (zh) * 2013-09-16 2017-02-08 上海新世纪机器人有限公司 外胎跳动度检测设备
CN103722981B (zh) * 2014-01-21 2016-06-22 长沙伍扬工业设备科技有限公司 用于轮胎总成装配自动化生产系统
JP6386247B2 (ja) * 2014-04-01 2018-09-05 株式会社神戸製鋼所 タイヤ試験機
JP6057942B2 (ja) 2014-04-22 2017-01-11 三菱重工マシナリーテクノロジー株式会社 タイヤ保持装置、該タイヤ保持装置を備えるタイヤ試験システム
CN103954457B (zh) * 2014-04-24 2016-08-24 南京航空航天大学 一种车轮横向固定夹具
CA2969126C (en) 2014-12-02 2023-07-04 Micro-Poise Measurement Systems, Llc Tire uniformity testing system
KR101549682B1 (ko) * 2015-04-16 2015-09-04 (주)함코 타이어 균일성 측정장치
US10414219B2 (en) 2015-08-11 2019-09-17 Performance Ag, Llc Apparatus, systems and methods for tire mounting and inflation
JP6692181B2 (ja) * 2016-02-29 2020-05-13 国際計測器株式会社 動釣合い試験装置
MX2019001865A (es) * 2016-08-16 2019-08-29 Android Ind Llc Dispositivo de balanceo, dispositivo de uniformidad y metodos de utilizacion de los mismos.
CN106441699B (zh) * 2016-08-30 2022-05-17 重庆长安民生物流股份有限公司 一种汽车轮胎气压检测装置
JP6780107B2 (ja) * 2017-06-06 2020-11-04 三菱重工機械システム株式会社 タイヤ保持装置、これを備えるタイヤ試験システム、及びタイヤ保持装置の制御方法
DE112017007612B4 (de) * 2017-06-06 2024-04-11 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Machinery Systems, Ltd. Reifenfördervorrichtung, damit ausgestattetes Reifeninspektionssystem sowie Reifenförderverfahren
JP2019174448A (ja) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-10 株式会社神戸製鋼所 タイヤ試験機
WO2019188108A1 (ja) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-03 株式会社神戸製鋼所 タイヤ試験機
US10809157B2 (en) * 2018-04-20 2020-10-20 Akron Special Machinery, Inc. Auto-adjust cylinder used with bead width adjusting apparatus
US11333569B2 (en) * 2018-09-14 2022-05-17 Akron Special Machinery, Inc. Dynamic balancer with a frameless motor drive
CN109225729B (zh) * 2018-11-12 2023-10-03 中信戴卡股份有限公司 一种用于车轮喷涂强化的工装
US12083835B2 (en) * 2020-06-30 2024-09-10 Hennessy Industries, Inc. Dampening system for a tire-bead loosener
CN112475858A (zh) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-12 华明娟 一种轮胎自动组装设备
US11733126B2 (en) 2021-07-07 2023-08-22 Paul E. Hawkinson Company Tire defect detection system that images localized cooling at a defect
CN115540714B (zh) * 2022-11-30 2023-03-10 湖南旺坤管业有限公司 一种不锈钢分水器检测装置

Family Cites Families (62)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2781119A (en) * 1954-05-13 1957-02-12 Jl Ferguson Co Package aligning apparatus
US2771176A (en) * 1955-02-25 1956-11-20 United States Steel Corp Conditioning device for bundles of coiled material
US3102627A (en) * 1956-03-29 1963-09-03 Internat Staple And Machine Co Apparatus for centering cartons
US2901085A (en) * 1958-12-08 1959-08-25 Carando Machine Works Elevating and centering device for cylindrical bodies
US3081959A (en) * 1960-02-03 1963-03-19 Akron Standard Engineers Ltd Machines for feeding stock to type building machines
US3089576A (en) * 1960-12-16 1963-05-14 Signode Steel Strapping Co Locating device
US3221364A (en) * 1962-06-29 1965-12-07 Akron Standard Mold Co Take-off mechanism
US3244575A (en) * 1962-07-30 1966-04-05 Akron Standard Mold Co Tire building apparatus
US3346434A (en) * 1964-06-09 1967-10-10 Akron Standard Mold Co Tire building drum
US3552200A (en) * 1966-02-16 1971-01-05 Goodrich Co B F Tire uniformity machine
CA1025695A (en) * 1967-02-01 1978-02-07 Clarence Hofelt (Jr.) Means for correcting non-uniformity in tires
US3687260A (en) * 1971-01-20 1972-08-29 Potlatch Forests Inc Edging picker
US3817003A (en) * 1972-04-05 1974-06-18 Gen Tire & Rubber Co Harmonic composite grinding of tires
US3849942A (en) * 1972-04-05 1974-11-26 Gen Tire & Rubber Co Harmonic composite grind
US3837689A (en) * 1973-08-28 1974-09-24 Akron Standard Telescoping tube assembly
DE2408164A1 (de) * 1974-02-20 1975-08-28 Dunlop Ag Vorrichtung zum zentrieren und verriegeln einer zweiteiligen felge zur aufnahme eines fahrzeugreifens
US4024372A (en) * 1975-12-19 1977-05-17 Akron Standard, Division Of Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Method of making a load cell
US4023407A (en) * 1976-01-19 1977-05-17 Akron Standard, Division Of Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Chuck for tire uniformity machine
DE2614852B2 (de) * 1976-04-06 1978-04-13 Gebr. Hofmann Gmbh & Co Kg, Maschinenfabrik, 6100 Darmstadt Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung des Laufverhaltens von Kraftfahrzeugrädern
US4241300A (en) * 1977-03-24 1980-12-23 Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Circuit responsive to rate change in amplitude of analog electrical signal for use in tire processing apparatus
US4191055A (en) * 1978-07-25 1980-03-04 Ransburg Corporation Dynamic imbalance determining system
JPS6212970Y2 (pt) * 1980-09-16 1987-04-03
JPS587338A (ja) * 1981-07-07 1983-01-17 Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The 空気タイヤのインフレ−トチヤツキング装置
GB2104010A (en) * 1981-08-20 1983-03-02 Froude Eng Ltd >Tyre testing apparatus
US4458527A (en) * 1981-11-27 1984-07-10 Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Apparatus for measuring the rolling resistance of tires
US4434652A (en) * 1982-01-18 1984-03-06 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Automated tire measurement techniques
JPS59109436A (ja) * 1982-12-15 1984-06-25 Shin Meiwa Ind Co Ltd ダンプカ−の煽戸自動開閉装置
US4489598A (en) * 1983-05-09 1984-12-25 Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Tire rolling resistance measurement system
US4576040A (en) * 1983-06-29 1986-03-18 Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Device for measuring extraneous losses in apparatus for measuring the rolling resistance of tires
DE3406719A1 (de) * 1984-02-24 1985-08-29 Collmann GmbH & Co, Spezialmaschinenbau KG, 2400 Lübeck Vorrichtung zum positionieren von reifen
JPS6186219A (ja) * 1984-10-04 1986-05-01 Toyo Tire & Rubber Co Ltd 自動車用タイヤの加硫方法およびその装置
JPS61152320A (ja) * 1985-06-06 1986-07-11 Howa Mach Ltd 数値制御歯車面取盤
US4723563A (en) * 1986-07-29 1988-02-09 Allied Automation Systems, Inc. Wheel soaper
US4704900A (en) * 1986-08-19 1987-11-10 Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for imposing a desired average radial force on a tire
US4702287A (en) * 1986-08-22 1987-10-27 Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling the automatic inflation of tires for testing
US4815004A (en) * 1986-10-17 1989-03-21 Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method for predicting fore/aft forces generated by tires
KR960000995B1 (ko) * 1987-06-12 1996-01-15 이글 피쳐 인더스트리즈 인코포레이티드 물체 균일 측정 장치 및 방법
US4785864A (en) * 1988-02-26 1988-11-22 Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Rim mount for tire uniformity machine
US4846334A (en) * 1988-02-29 1989-07-11 Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Conveyor for tire uniformity measurement machine
EP0522667A1 (en) * 1988-03-09 1993-01-13 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Tire chuck
US4852398A (en) * 1988-03-09 1989-08-01 Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Tire testing machine having adjustable bead width
DE3825505C2 (de) * 1988-07-27 1994-12-22 Hofmann Gmbh & Co Kg Maschinen Vorrichtung zur Überwachung und Steuerung eines Reifenfülldruckes bei einer Reifenprüfmaschine
US4885936A (en) * 1988-09-26 1989-12-12 Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Automatic loadwheel cleaner
US4896531A (en) * 1988-10-11 1990-01-30 Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Sidewall appearance monitor
US4870858A (en) * 1988-10-21 1989-10-03 Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Tire testing machine
DE3919450A1 (de) * 1989-06-14 1990-12-20 Hofmann Gmbh & Co Kg Maschinen Messvorrichtung zum messen von periodisch sich aendernden kraeften und/oder momenten an sich drehenden rotoren
DE3922288C2 (de) * 1989-07-06 1997-04-10 Hofmann Gmbh & Co Kg Maschinen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Prüfen der Gleichförmigkeit von Luftreifen, insbesondere Fahrzeugreifen
JPH03150142A (ja) * 1989-11-06 1991-06-26 Kobe Steel Ltd タイヤユニフォミティマシン用リム装着装置
JPH03188348A (ja) * 1989-12-18 1991-08-16 Kobe Steel Ltd タイヤユニフオミテイマシンのリム幅自動調節装置
US4976141A (en) * 1990-03-05 1990-12-11 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Stepped rim for tire testing machine
US5029467A (en) * 1990-03-12 1991-07-09 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Hydraulic apparatus for tire uniformity machine
JPH088432B2 (ja) * 1990-06-01 1996-01-29 ソマール株式会社 基板搬送装置
US5033003A (en) * 1990-06-01 1991-07-16 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Wheel measuring machine
JPH0518865A (ja) * 1991-07-12 1993-01-26 Kobe Steel Ltd タイヤ測定装置のタイヤチヤツキング装置
US5390540A (en) * 1992-01-31 1995-02-21 Akron Special Machinery, Inc. Control apparatus for the uniformity machine
US5257561A (en) * 1992-05-11 1993-11-02 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Tire holding fixture for tire processing machine
JPH06317504A (ja) * 1993-05-10 1994-11-15 Kobe Steel Ltd タイヤ試験機
JPH0727649A (ja) * 1993-06-23 1995-01-31 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd タイヤのダイナミックバランサにおけるタイヤ保持装置
US5481907A (en) * 1993-12-13 1996-01-09 Mts Systems Corporation Tire testing system having focused links reducing cosine errors
JP2736736B2 (ja) * 1994-03-31 1998-04-02 功 庄田 工作機の回転かんなの支持装置
US5566816A (en) * 1994-10-11 1996-10-22 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Conveying and centering apparatus
JPH0958231A (ja) * 1995-08-18 1997-03-04 Kobe Steel Ltd タイヤ試験機

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4011632B2 (ja) 2007-11-21
EP0956213B1 (en) 2004-12-29
ES2234093T3 (es) 2005-06-16
JP2010243502A (ja) 2010-10-28
AU5929298A (en) 1998-08-26
US5992227A (en) 1999-11-30
CN1244161A (zh) 2000-02-09
DE69828384T2 (de) 2005-12-22
JP2001512566A (ja) 2001-08-21
KR100313735B1 (ko) 2001-11-16
AU718582B2 (en) 2000-04-13
EP0956213A2 (en) 1999-11-17
EP0956213A4 (en) 2002-04-17
JP2007271633A (ja) 2007-10-18
CN1096967C (zh) 2002-12-25
CA2278543A1 (en) 1998-08-13
KR20000070082A (ko) 2000-11-25
JP4917480B2 (ja) 2012-04-18
WO1998034801A2 (en) 1998-08-13
WO1998034801A3 (en) 1998-10-22
DE69828384D1 (de) 2005-02-03
CA2278543C (en) 2004-01-20
JP4917659B2 (ja) 2012-04-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
BR9806991A (pt) Aparelho de mandril de largura ajustável automático para sistemas de teste de pneu.
US6240995B1 (en) Tire removal machine and relative accessories
US8376018B2 (en) Chuck for a tyre changing machine
JP2002029231A (ja) タイヤ取り外し機用の自動ビード解放装置及びそれを具備したタイヤ取り外し機
EP2338705B1 (en) Bead breaking unit for tyre changing machines
US20130025797A1 (en) Device for locking wheel rims for vehicles on repair workshop machines, particularly tyre-changing machines or the like
CN219684649U (zh) 一种制动鼓加工用定位夹紧装置
CN109279423A (zh) 一种极片收放卷装置
GB791572A (en) Tire removing tool
US1959081A (en) Chuck
US2547976A (en) Tire mounting and demounting machine of the type having relative travel between a tire and a tire tool
CN108515327B (zh) 汽车座椅滑轨自动装配柔性夹具
DE60002946D1 (de) Reifendemontiergerät mit manuell oder automatisch positionierbarem Turm
CA2174378C (en) Tire bead breaking tool
CN113334279B (zh) 一种新能源汽车电机端盖的夹持工装
US2892491A (en) Power operated bead breaker
DE50210803D1 (de) Mehrfachschraubeinrichtung zum Befestigen eines Kfz-Rades an einer Radnabe oder dergleichen
US2316355A (en) Clamping apparatus for optical frames
CN207241326U (zh) 轮胎更换夹具
CN214081056U (zh) 一种汽车检测用轮胎限位机构
FR3099407B1 (fr) Tambour expansible pour la conformation de bandages pneumatiques comprenant un dispositif extenseur a parallélogramme pour le maintien de la tringle
EP0987130A2 (en) Device for tyre removal machines
CN214643079U (zh) 一种汽车轴生产用检测工装
CN221677052U (zh) 一种可拆卸的轮胎翻新用固定装置
CN107379905A (zh) 轮胎更换夹具

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
B09A Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]
B16A Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]
B25A Requested transfer of rights approved

Owner name: MICRO-POISE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS, LLC (US)

Free format text: TRANSFERIDO DE: ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS, INC.

B21A Patent or certificate of addition expired [chapter 21.1 patent gazette]