WO2021166367A1 - イオン交換装置 - Google Patents
イオン交換装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021166367A1 WO2021166367A1 PCT/JP2020/044921 JP2020044921W WO2021166367A1 WO 2021166367 A1 WO2021166367 A1 WO 2021166367A1 JP 2020044921 W JP2020044921 W JP 2020044921W WO 2021166367 A1 WO2021166367 A1 WO 2021166367A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- treated
- ion
- ion exchange
- raw water
- ions
- Prior art date
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- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 408
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 223
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 151
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 61
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 57
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 44
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 43
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 42
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- KZMAWJRXKGLWGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-n-(3-methoxypropyl)acetamide Chemical compound S1C(N(C(=O)CCl)CCCOC)=NC(C=2C=CC(OC)=CC=2)=C1 KZMAWJRXKGLWGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-cyano-4-methylpentan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(C#N)CC(C)C WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940039748 oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007785 strong electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4616—Power supply
- C02F2201/4617—DC only
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ion exchange device capable of removing impurity ions in a liquid to be treated.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an ion exchange device capable of increasing an ion exchange capacity without requiring an expensive ion exchanger.
- the invention according to claim 1 is a raw water unit containing a liquid to be treated, which is a liquid containing impurity ions, and a processing unit, which contains a processing substance containing exchange ions composed of ions that can be exchanged with the impurity ions.
- An ion exchange device including an ion exchanger that allows the impurity ions to pass from the raw water portion to the processing unit and the exchanged ions from the treated portion to the raw water portion, and is covered with the raw water portion.
- the treated substance in the treated portion has a higher molar concentration than the treated liquid.
- the invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the ion exchange apparatus according to claim 1, the molar concentration of the treated substance in the treated portion is 2 mol / L or more.
- the invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in the ion exchange device according to claim 1 or 2, the raw water portion can circulate the liquid to be treated.
- the invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in the ion exchange device according to claim 3, the processing unit can distribute the processing substance in a direction facing the liquid to be processed.
- the invention according to claim 5 includes an sub-treatment unit filled with a granular ion exchanger in the ion exchange device according to claim 3 or 4, and the sub-treatment unit is on the downstream side of the raw water unit.
- the liquid to be treated which is connected to the raw water portion and has flowed through the raw water portion, can flow into the sub-treatment portion.
- the invention according to claim 6 is the ion exchange device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the raw water portion contains a filled ion exchanger filled in a state of being in contact with the ion exchanger. It is characterized by that.
- the invention according to claim 7 is characterized in that, in the ion exchange device according to claim 6, the packed ion exchanger is composed of a spherical or fibrous ion exchanger.
- the invention according to claim 8 is the ion exchange device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the processing unit is provided with a stirring means capable of stirring the processed substance. ..
- the invention according to claim 9 is the ion exchange apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the joint portion between the raw water portion and the ion exchanger, and the processing portion and the ion exchanger. It is characterized in that a sealing means for sealing at least one of the joints with and is provided.
- the invention according to claim 10 is the ion exchange device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the exchange ion is composed of a group 1 element ion or a hydroxide ion.
- the invention according to claim 11 is characterized in that, in the ion exchange device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, the treated substance contains a weak acid or a weak base.
- the invention according to claim 12 is characterized in that, in the ion exchange device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, the processing substance is a solution containing Group 1 element ions.
- the invention according to claim 13 is the ion exchange apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the exchange ion is a first treatment unit composed of Group 1 element ions, and the exchange ion is a hydroxide. It is characterized in that it includes a second treatment unit made of ions, and these first treatment unit and second treatment unit are connected to the raw water unit via the ion exchanger, respectively.
- the invention according to claim 14 is characterized in that, in the ion exchange apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13, the processed substance contained in the processing unit comprises a substance having a molecular weight of 80 g / mol or more. And.
- the invention according to claim 15 is characterized in that, in the ion exchange device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the ion exchanger has a tubular shape, a flat membrane shape, or a hollow fiber shape. ..
- the invention according to claim 16 is the ion exchange device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the ion exchanger is made of an ion exchange resin film.
- the invention according to claim 17 is the ion exchange device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the ion exchanger is made of a double network gel.
- the invention according to claim 18 is characterized in that, in the ion exchange device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, the ion exchanger is formed on a support made of a sheet-like fiber layer. ..
- a raw water portion containing a liquid to be treated composed of a liquid containing impurity ions, a processing portion containing a processing substance containing exchange ions composed of ions exchangeable with impurity ions, and impurities. It is provided with an ion exchanger that allows the passage of ions from the raw water part to the treatment part and the passage of exchanged ions from the treatment part to the raw water part. Since it is characterized by being expensive, it is possible to provide an inexpensive ion exchange device without using a large amount of expensive ion exchangers. Further, since the amount of exchangeable ions (density) contained in the treated substance is higher than that of the existing ion exchange resin, the ion exchange capacity per volume can be increased.
- Schematic diagram showing an ion exchange device according to the first embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram showing another ion exchange device according to the same embodiment
- Schematic diagram showing another ion exchange device according to the same embodiment Schematic diagram showing another ion exchange device according to the same embodiment
- Schematic diagram showing another ion exchange device according to the same embodiment Schematic diagram showing another ion exchange device according to the same embodiment
- Schematic diagram showing another ion exchange device according to a second embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram showing an ion exchange device according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- Schematic diagram showing an ion exchange device according to still another embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram showing an ion exchange device according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- Schematic diagram showing an ion exchange device according to still another embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram showing an ion exchange device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. A graph showing the technical effect of the ion exchange device according to the same embodiment. Schematic diagram showing an ion exchange device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. A graph showing the technical effect of the ion exchange device according to the same embodiment. Schematic diagram showing an ion exchange device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram showing an ion exchange device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram showing an ion exchange device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram showing an ion exchange device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Table showing ion exchange capacities of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Example 1 according to the present invention Table showing ion exchange capacities of Examples 9 to 15 according to the present invention Table showing ion exchange capacities of Examples 16 and 17 according to the present invention A table showing the ion exchange capacities of Examples 18 to 21 according to the present invention. A table showing the ion exchange capacities of Examples 22 to 28 according to the present invention. Table showing ion exchange capacities of Examples 29 and 30 according to the present invention A table showing the ion exchange capacities of Examples 31 to 33 according to the present invention. Table showing ion exchange capacities of Examples 34 and 35 according to the present invention Table showing ion exchange capacities of Examples 36 and 37 according to the present invention A table showing the ion exchange capacities of Examples 38 and 39 according to the present invention.
- Table showing ion exchange capacities of Examples 40 and 41 according to the present invention A table showing the experimental conditions of Examples 42 to 46 according to the present invention.
- the ion exchange device removes impurity ions in the liquid to be treated to soften industrial water or produce pure water, purify drinking water, cooling water for vehicles, and the like.
- a device having a raw water tank 1 (raw water part), a treatment tank 2 (treatment part), and an ion exchanger 3 can be mentioned.
- the raw water tank 1 is a portion containing a liquid to be treated, which is a liquid containing impurity ions.
- the liquid to be treated contains K + (potassium ion) and Na + (sodium ion) as impurity cations. solution, CO 3 2-(carbonate ions) as impurities anions, Cl - mentioned solution containing (chloride ions).
- the raw water tank 1 according to the present embodiment contains a predetermined volume of a liquid to be treated (water to be treated) containing these impurity cations and impurity anions.
- the treatment tank 2 is a portion containing a treatment substance (liquid in this embodiment) containing exchange ions composed of ions that can be exchanged with impurity ions.
- a solution tank containing an acid or a solution tank containing an alkali may be used. Can be mentioned.
- a solution bath containing an acid specifically, in addition to H + as exchange ions, Cl - solution containing
- a solution containing H as exchange ions + (hydrogen ions) contained in the case of a solution tank containing an alkali, for example, a solution containing OH ⁇ (hydroxide ion) as an exchange ion (specifically, OH ⁇ as an exchange ion) and Na + were contained. Solution) is contained.
- the ion exchanger 3 allows the passage of impurity ions from the raw water tank 1 to the treatment tank 2, or the passage of exchange ions from the treatment tank 2 to the raw water tank 1.
- an ion exchange resin, a chelate resin, or a phosphoric acid-treated gypsum. , Nafion, zeolite, hydrotalcite, metal oxide and the like can be used.
- the ion exchanger 3 according to the present embodiment is formed of a flat film shape interposed between the raw water tank 1 and the treatment tank 2, and when the impurity ion is a cation, the ion exchanger 3 is treated with the impurity ion by using the cation exchanger.
- an anion exchanger is used to mutually pass only the impurity ion and the exchangeable anion in the treated substance. It functions by passing it through, and impurity ions can be removed from the raw water.
- the molar concentration of the solution (treated substance) in the treatment tank 2 is set higher than that in the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank 1.
- the concentration (molar concentration) of the exchanged ions contained in the treatment tank 2 is set higher than that of the impurity ions in the liquid to be treated contained in the raw water tank 1, so that the impurity ions are transferred to the ion exchanger 3.
- the impurity ions move in the ion exchanger 3 due to the difference in concentration and are released into the treatment tank 2, and the exchange ions in the treatment tank 2 move in the ion exchanger 3 to move in the raw water tank. It will be released in 1.
- the impurity ions in the raw water tank 1 come into contact with the ion exchanger 3 due to the concentration difference and the ion selectivity, the impurity ions are replaced with the ions of the ion exchanger 3 and the ions reach the ion exchanger 3 on the treatment tank 2 side. Will be replaced in sequence.
- the impurity ions that have come into contact with the ion exchanger 3 pass through the ion exchanger 3 from the raw water tank 1 toward the treatment tank 2, and the molar concentration of the treatment tank 2 (concentration of the exchange ions) is high, so that the treatment is carried out. It replaces the exchanged ions in the tank 2 and moves into the processing tank 2. Thereby, the impurity ions in the raw water tank 1 can be removed.
- a film-like ion exchanger 3 (anion exchanger) containing OH ⁇ , which is represented by a structural formula, is used, and a solution containing Cl ⁇ as an impurity ion (anion) in the raw water tank 1 and treatment.
- the tank 2 Na + and OH - ion exchange device processing material is housed including the exchange ions, such as will be described.
- ion-selective higher has high valence ions larger exchanged sensitive characteristics as those of the atomic and molecular size
- impurity ions of the raw water tank 1 Cl - is of the ion exchanger 3 OH - and They are replaced and incorporated into the ion exchanger 3, and the incorporated impurity ions (Cl ⁇ ) are sequentially replaced with OH ⁇ ions in the ion exchanger 3.
- the molar concentration of the treated substance in the treatment tank 2 is higher than that in the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank 1, so that the impurity ions (Cl ⁇ ) incorporated in the ion exchanger 3 exchange the treatment tank 2.
- the impurity ions (Cl ⁇ ) in the raw water tank 1 move to the treatment tank 2 and are removed. Since Na + , which is a cation , repels N + in the ion exchanger 3, it is difficult to move to the raw water tank 1.
- the anions in the raw water tank 1 repel the anions such as sulfonic acid groups in the ion exchanger 3 (cation exchanger) and exchange the ions.
- the cations in the raw water tank 1 are quaternary ammonium groups in the ion exchanger 3 (anion exchanger) or the like. It repels the cations of the above and cannot pass through the ion exchanger 3.
- the ion exchanger 3 has a property of blocking the passage of ions of different codes having different charges from each other and allowing only the ions of the same code having the same charges to pass through. It is composed of shaped members for the purpose of filtering impurity ions.
- the ion exchanger 3 that allows only cations to pass through is called a cation exchange membrane (cation exchange membrane), and the ion exchanger 3 that allows only anions to pass through is called an anion exchange membrane (anion exchange membrane).
- the pressure in the raw water tank 1 is higher than the pressure in the treatment tank 2 (the pressure of the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank 1 is higher than the pressure of the solution in the treatment tank 2).
- the pressure in the raw water tank 1 can be made higher than the pressure in the treatment tank 2 due to the flow resistance.
- the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank 1 and the solution (treated substance) in the raw water tank 2 according to the present embodiment are in a state of not flowing, but as shown in FIG. 2, the inflow port 1a and the flow into the raw water tank 1 An outlet 1b is formed to allow the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank 1 to flow.
- an inlet 2a and an outlet 2b are formed in the treatment tank 2 to form a solution (processed substance) in the treatment tank 2. ) Is flowed, or as shown in FIG.
- an inflow port 1a and an outflow port 1b are formed in the raw water tank 1 to allow the liquid to be treated to flow, and an inflow port 2a and an outflow port 2b are formed in the treatment tank 2. Then, the processing substance may be made to flow. However, when only the liquid to be treated is circulated, impurity ions can be continuously removed with a simple structure, which is preferable.
- a gasket or the like is formed at the joint portion between the raw water tank 1 (raw water portion) and the ion exchanger 3 and the joint portion between the treatment tank 2 (treatment portion) and the ion exchanger 3.
- the sealing means 4 of the above may be arranged.
- the sealing means 4 is applied to at least one of the joint portion between the raw water tank 1 (raw water portion) and the ion exchanger 3 and the joint portion between the treatment tank 2 (treatment portion) and the ion exchanger 3. It suffices if it is arranged.
- the processing tank 2 (processing unit) may be provided with a stirring means 5 such as an impeller capable of stirring the solution (processed substance).
- a stirring means 5 such as an impeller capable of stirring the solution (processed substance).
- the molar concentration of the solution (processed substance) in the processing tank 2 is preferably 2 mol / L or more. If it is 2 mol / L or more, it is possible to provide an ion exchange device having an ion exchange capacity higher than that of an existing ion exchange resin.
- the exchange ions in the treatment tank 2 are preferably composed of Group 1 element ions or hydroxide ions, and may contain weak acids or weak bases.
- the ion exchanger 3 may be one made of an ion exchange resin film, one made of a double network gel, or one formed on a support made of a sheet-like fiber layer.
- the double network gel (DN gel) is composed of a polymer having a three-dimensional network structure insoluble in various solvents and a swollen body thereof, and is composed of a gel having high strength and low friction performance. More specifically, the double network gel is composed of a hard and brittle strong electrolyte gel and a soft neutral gel entwined to have a mutually independent double polymer network structure. It is preferable to use a double network gel because the ion exchanger has high strength and is not easily torn.
- the sheet-shaped fiber layer as a support is made of, for example, cellulose fibers and has a thickness dimension of 0.05 mm or more and 0.3 mm or less, preferably about 0.15 mm. Is preferable. More specifically, the fiber layer is made of pulp such as cellulose or PET fiber having high water resistance and chemical resistance, and is formed into a sheet (paper shape) by a papermaking method (papermaking method). preferable.
- the ion exchange device removes impurity ions in the liquid to be treated to soften industrial water or produce pure water, and for drinking water, cooling water for vehicles, and the like.
- the raw water tank 1, the first treatment tank 6 (first treatment section), the cation exchanger 7, and the second treatment tank 8 (second treatment section) are used for purification.
- an anion exchanger 9 is used for purification.
- the raw water tank 1 is formed with an inflow port 1a and an outflow port 1b so that the liquid to be treated can flow. Further, in the raw water tank 1, as in the first embodiment, a solution containing K + (potassium ion) and Na + (sodium ion) as impurity cations, CO 3 2- (carbonate ion) as impurity anions, and so on. Cl - solution containing (chloride ions) are accommodated and flow. However, the types of impurity ions are not limited to this.
- the first treatment tank 6 is a portion containing a solution (treatment substance) containing exchange ions composed of Group 1 element ions, and is, for example, a solution containing H + (hydrogen ions) as exchange ions (specifically). the addition to H + as exchange ions, Cl - accommodates a solution) containing a.
- the second treatment tank 8 is a portion containing a solution (treated substance) containing an exchange ion composed of hydroxide ions, and is, for example, a solution containing OH ⁇ (hydroxide ion) as an exchange ion (specifically). Specifically, it contains a solution containing Na + in addition to OH ⁇ as an exchange ion).
- first treatment tank 6 and the second treatment tank 8 are connected to the raw water tank 1 via ion exchangers (cation exchanger 7 and anion exchanger 9), respectively.
- the cation exchanger 7 and the anion exchanger 9 are the same as the ion exchanger 3 in the first embodiment, and the impurity ions pass from the raw water tank 1 to the treatment tank 2 or the exchange ion treatment tank 2 is used. Therefore, it is allowed to pass through the raw water tank 1.
- the molar concentration of the solution (treated substance) of the first treatment tank 6 and the solution (treated substance) of the second treatment tank 8 is higher than that of the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank 1. Is set high. As a result, the concentration (molar concentration) of the exchange ions contained in the first treatment tank 6 and the second treatment tank 8 is set higher than that of the impurity ions in the liquid to be treated contained in the raw water tank 1.
- the impurity ions When the impurity ions are adsorbed on the cation exchanger 7 and the anion exchanger 9, the impurity ions move in the cation exchanger 7 and the anion exchanger 9 due to the difference in concentration, respectively, and the first treatment tank While being released into the 6 and the 2nd treatment tank 8, the exchange ions in the 1st treatment tank 6 and the 2nd treatment tank 8 move in the cation exchanger 7 and the anion exchanger 9, respectively, and the raw water tank 1 It will be released inside.
- the impurity ions in the raw water tank 1 come into contact with the cation exchanger 7 due to the concentration difference and the ion selectivity, the impurity ions are replaced with the ions of the cation exchanger 7. Ions are sequentially replaced up to the cation exchanger 7 on the first treatment tank 6 side. In this way, the impurity ions that have come into contact with the cation exchanger 7 pass through the cation exchanger 7 from the raw water tank 1 toward the first treatment tank 6, and at the same time, the molar concentration of the first treatment tank 6 (concentration of exchange ions).
- the impurity ions in the raw water tank 1 come into contact with the anion exchanger 9
- the impurity ions are replaced with the ions of the anion exchanger 9
- the second treatment Ions are sequentially replaced up to the anion exchanger 9 on the tank 8 side.
- the impurity ions that have come into contact with the anion exchanger 9 pass through the anion exchanger 9 from the raw water tank 1 toward the second treatment tank 8, and at the same time, the molar concentration of the second treatment tank 8 (concentration of exchange ions). ) Is high, so that the ions are replaced with the exchange ions in the second treatment tank 8 and move into the second treatment tank 8.
- impurities (anionic impurities) in the raw water tank 1 can be moved into the second treatment tank 8 and removed.
- the anions in the raw water tank 1 can repel anions such as sulfonic acid groups in the cation exchanger 7 and pass through the cation exchanger 7.
- the cations in the raw water tank 1 repel cations such as quaternary ammonium groups in the anion exchanger 9 and pass through the anion exchanger 9. Can not be done.
- the pressure in the raw water tank 1 is made higher than the pressure in the first treatment tank 6 and the second treatment tank 8 (the hydraulic pressure of the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank 1 is made higher than the pressure in the first treatment tank 6 and the second treatment tank 8). It is preferable to make it higher than the pressure of the solution in 8. In this case, it is possible to suppress the passage of the cation exchanger 7 and the anion exchanger 9 of the ions in the first treatment tank 6 and the second treatment tank 8 that are not desired to be moved into the stock solution tank 1. ..
- the pressure in the raw water tank 1 can be made higher than the pressure in the first treatment tank 6 and the second treatment tank 8 due to the flow resistance.
- the junction between the raw water tank 1 (raw water part) and the cation exchanger 7 and the anion exchanger 9, the first treatment tank 6 and A sealing means 4 such as a gasket may be provided at the joint between the second treatment tank 8 and the cation exchanger 7 and the anion exchanger 9.
- the sealing means 4 includes a joint portion between the raw water tank 1 (raw water portion) and the cation exchanger 7 and the anion exchanger 9, and the first treatment tank 6 and the first. 2 It suffices if it is arranged at at least one of the joints between the treatment tank 8 and the cation exchanger 7 and the anion exchanger 9.
- the first treatment tank 6 and the second treatment tank 8 are provided with stirring means 5 such as an impeller capable of stirring the solution (processed substance). It may be a thing.
- stirring means 5 such as an impeller capable of stirring the solution (processed substance). It may be a thing.
- the impurity ions from the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank 1 pass through the cation exchanger 7 and the anion exchanger 9 and reach the first treatment tank 6 and the second treatment tank 8 as a solution (treatment substance). Since the mixture is mixed in and then stirred by the stirring means 5, the efficiency for ion exchange can be further improved.
- the molar concentration of the solution (processed substance) in the treatment tanks 6 and 8 is preferably 2 mol / L or more.
- the exchange ions in the treatment tanks 6 and 8 are preferably composed of Group 1 element ions or hydroxide ions, and may contain weak acids or weak bases.
- the cation exchanger 7 and the anion exchanger 9 are made of an ion exchange resin film, a chelate resin, a phosphate-treated gypsum, nafion, zeolite, hydrotalcite, a metal oxide, or the like, or a double network gel. It may be formed on a support made of a sheet-like fiber layer.
- the ion exchanger 3, the cation exchanger 7, and the anion exchanger 9 have a flat membrane shape, but as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, they have a tubular shape (pipe).
- the shape) ion exchanger 12 may be used.
- the inside of the cylindrically formed ion exchanger 12 is the raw water portion 10 similar to the raw water tank 1, and the outside is the same treatment section as the treatment tank 2, the first treatment tank 6, and the second treatment tank 8. It is set to 11.
- the raw water portion 10 flows while containing the liquid to be treated, which is a liquid containing impurity ions.
- the molar concentration of the solution (processed substance) of the treated portion 11 is set higher than that of the liquid to be treated of the raw water portion 10, and the liquid to be treated flows in the tubular ion exchanger 12. By doing so, the impurity ions in the raw water portion 10 can be removed.
- a large number of ion exchangers 12 may be arranged in the processing unit 11.
- the inside of each of the hollow thread-shaped ion exchangers 12 is set as the raw water portion 10, and the molar concentration of the solution (treated substance) of the treated portion 11 is set higher than that of the liquid to be treated of the raw water portion 10.
- the impurity ions in the raw water portion 10 can be removed.
- the raw water part and the treatment part may be reversed.
- the cation exchanger 14 extended while bending in the first processing section 15 and the second processing section 19 (similar to the cation exchanger 7 of the second embodiment).
- an anion exchanger 18 (similar to the anion exchanger 9 of the second embodiment) are arranged, and the insides of the cation exchanger 14 and the anion exchanger 18 are the raw water portions 13 and 17. May be.
- the cation exchanger 14 moves the impurity cations in the raw water section 13 to the first treatment section 15, and the anion exchanger 18 removes the impurity anions in the raw water section 17. It can be moved to the second processing unit 19, and each impurity ion can be removed.
- Reference numeral 16 in FIG. 11 indicates a connecting member between the cation exchanger 14 and the anion exchanger 18.
- a plurality of ion exchangers 22, 24, 26 are arranged in the raw water section 20, and the inside of each of the ion exchangers 22, 24, 26 is the first processing section 21.
- the second processing unit 23 and the third processing unit 25 may be used as an ion exchange device.
- the ion exchangers 22, 24, and 26 can move the impurity ions in the raw water section 20 to the first treatment section 21, the second treatment section 23, and the third treatment section 25 to remove them.
- the raw water portion 20 is formed with an inflow port 20a and an outflow port 20b so that the liquid to be treated can flow.
- the ion exchange device removes impurity ions in the liquid to be treated to soften industrial water or produce pure water, and for drinking water, cooling water for vehicles, etc.
- an inflow port 1a and an outflow port 1b are formed in the raw water tank 1 to allow the liquid to be treated to flow
- an inflow port 2a and an outflow port 2b are formed in the treatment tank 2. It is configured to allow the processed material to flow.
- the treatment tank 2 distributes the treatment substance in the direction facing the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank 1. That is, the liquid to be treated and the treatment liquid in the raw water tank 1 are circulated from the left to the right in FIG. 13 and the treated substance in the treatment tank 2 is circulated from the right to the left in the figure.
- the substances are circulated in the directions facing each other via the ion exchanger 3.
- the ion exchange device removes impurity ions in the liquid to be treated to soften industrial water or produce pure water, for drinking water, cooling water for vehicles, and the like.
- a sub-treatment unit 27 filled with a granular ion exchanger B is provided, and the sub-treatment unit 27 is connected to the downstream side of the raw water tank 1 to be connected to the raw water tank.
- the liquid to be treated that has flowed through No. 1 can flow into the sub-treatment unit 27.
- the sub-treatment unit 27 is filled with the granular ion exchanger B, and an inflow port 27a capable of inflowing the liquid to be treated and an outlet 27b capable of flowing out the liquid to be treated are formed.
- the inflow port 27a is connected to the outflow port 1b of the raw water tank 1 by a connecting member or the like.
- the granular ion exchanger B is formed by forming the same material as the ion exchanger 3 in the form of granules, and is made of, for example, a granular resin.
- the impurities contained in the liquid to be treated have a high concentration
- the impurity removal rate is high, but the impurities contained in the liquid to be treated are high.
- the value reaches around 0 (extremely low concentration)
- the impurity removal rate becomes low.
- the granular ion exchanger B filled in the sub-treatment unit 27 has a higher specific surface area than the film-like ion exchanger 3, and therefore has a characteristic of high impurity removal rate.
- the sub-treatment unit 27 is connected to the downstream side of the raw water tank 1 as in the present embodiment, even if the impurities contained in the liquid to be treated reach near 0 (extremely low concentration), the granular ion exchanger B Therefore, impurities can be removed, and a decrease in the impurity removal rate can be suppressed. Further, even when the ion exchanger 3 is damaged and the treated substance flows into the liquid to be treated, the ion exchanger B of the sub-treatment unit 27 can adsorb the ions of the treated substance, so that deterioration of water quality can be prevented. ..
- the ion exchange device removes impurity ions in the liquid to be treated to soften industrial water or produce pure water, for drinking water, cooling water for vehicles, and the like.
- the treatment substance contained in the treatment tank 2 for purifying is made of a substance having a molecular weight of 80 g / mol or more. As described above, the following effects can be obtained by using the treated substance having a molecular weight of 80 g / mol or more.
- the ion exchanger 3 Since the ion exchanger 3 has microscopic pores (micropores) through which ions and atoms can permeate, when a substance having a small molecular weight as a treatment substance is housed in the treatment tank 2, the ion exchanger 3 is formed. There is a risk that it will permeate through the micropores of the water tank 1 and move to the raw water tank 1. For example, when sodium chloride having a molecular weight of 58 (g / mol) is used as a treated substance, there is an experimental result that the permeation amount of the treated substance is about 0.22 (meq / cm 3).
- the processing substance when a substance having a small molecular weight is used as the processing substance, the processing substance is mixed in the liquid to be treated purified by the ion exchanger 3, and the purification efficiency is lowered. I will end up.
- the treatment substance since a substance having a molecular weight of 80 g / mol or more is stored in the treatment tank 2 as a treatment substance, the treatment substance permeates the ion exchanger 3 and moves into the raw water tank 1. Can be suppressed.
- the permeation amount of the treatment substance is 0.15 (meq / cm 3 ) and the molecular weight is 0.15 (meq / cm 3).
- sodium diphosphate is 266 (g / mol)
- the permeation amount of the treated substance is 0 (meq / cm 3).
- a raw water tank containing a liquid to be treated composed of a liquid containing impurity ions and a treatment tank containing a processing substance containing exchange ions composed of ions exchangeable with impurity ions (No. 1).
- Ion exchangers (cation exchangers and anion exchangers) that allow the passage of impurity ions from the raw water tank to the treatment tank and the exchange ions from the treatment tank to the raw water tank (including 1 treatment tank and 2nd treatment tank). Including), and the treated substance in the treatment tank has a higher molar concentration than the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank. Therefore, an inexpensive ion exchange device is provided without using many expensive ion exchangers. can do. Further, since the amount of exchangeable ions (density) contained in the treated substance is higher than that of the existing ion exchange resin, the ion exchange capacity per volume can be increased.
- the ion exchange device removes impurity ions in the liquid to be treated to soften industrial water or produce pure water, for drinking water, cooling water for vehicles, and the like.
- the raw water tank 1 contains a filled ion exchanger F filled in contact with the ion exchanger 3.
- the packed ion exchanger F has the same composition and properties as the ion exchanger 3, has a spherical shape, and can secure a large surface area.
- the packed ion exchanger F is filled in the raw water tank 1 and adsorbs the impurity ions in the liquid to be treated, and at the same time, the impurity ions pass through the filled ion exchanger F due to the concentration difference between the inside and the outside. It can be moved to the ion exchanger 3 in contact state. Impurity ions that have moved to the ion exchanger 3 in this way can be removed by passing through the inside of the ion exchanger 3 and passing to the treatment tank 2. As shown in FIG. 18, the raw water tank 1 in this case may form an inflow port 1a and an outflow port 1b, and allow the liquid to be treated to flow in a space filled with the spherical packed ion exchanger F. ..
- the ion exchange device removes impurity ions in the liquid to be treated to soften industrial water or produce pure water, for drinking water, cooling water for vehicles, and the like.
- the raw water tank 1 contains a filled ion exchanger G filled in contact with the ion exchanger 3.
- the packed ion exchanger G has the same composition and properties as the ion exchanger 3, and its shape is fibrous, so that a larger surface area can be secured.
- the packed ion exchanger G is filled in the raw water tank 1 and adsorbs the impurity ions in the liquid to be treated, and at the same time, the impurity ions pass through the filled ion exchanger G due to the concentration difference between the inside and the outside. It can be moved to the ion exchanger 3 in the contact state, and in particular, the movement path of the impurity ion can be widely secured by the entanglement of the fibers. Impurity ions that have moved to the ion exchanger 3 in this way can be removed by passing through the inside of the ion exchanger 3 and passing to the treatment tank 2. In this case, as shown in FIG. 20, the raw water tank 1 forms an inflow port 1a and an outflow port 1b so that the liquid to be treated can flow in the space filled with the fibrous packed ion exchanger G. good.
- An ion exchanger is installed in the container, and a container of 34 x 64 x 54 mm (wall thickness 2 mm, internal volume 30 x 60 x 50 mm) is placed on the surface on which the ion exchanger is installed, and pressure is applied with a clamp to release the liquid. 90 ml of the treatment substance was filled and the lid was closed so as not to leak.
- the molar concentrations of impurities in the liquid to be treated and the treatment substance were measured every hour using an ion chromatograph (Metrome: 940 professional IC Vario) until no change was observed. If exchangeable ions remain in the treatment substance, replace the liquid to be treated again and perform the same measurement until there is no change in the concentration of impurities ions and exchangeable ions in the liquid to be treated. Was repeated, and the ion exchange capacity was calculated from the amount of impurity ions contained in the treated substance.
- Example 1 In Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Example 1, both the liquid to be treated and the substance to be treated were not allowed to flow.
- AGC's anion exchange membrane selemion AMVN was used in Example 2
- AGC's cation exchange membrane selemion CMVN was used in Examples 1 and 3 to 8 and Comparative Examples. bottom.
- Example 1 The treated substance is a 0.11 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, the liquid to be treated is a 0.1 (mol / L) KBr aqueous solution, and the treatment tank (treatment section) is a raw water tank (raw water section). ) Connected to the bottom. Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 0.09 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 2 The treated substance is a 0.11 (mol / L) NaOH aqueous solution, the liquid to be treated is a 0.1 (mol / L) KBr aqueous solution, and the treatment tank (treatment section) is a raw water tank (raw water section). ) Connected to the bottom. Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 0.09 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 3 The treated substance is a 0.11 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, the liquid to be treated is a 0.1 (mol / L) KBr aqueous solution, and the treatment tank (treatment section) is a raw water tank (raw water section). ) was connected to the upper side. Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 0.06 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 4 The treated substance is a 0.11 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and the liquid to be treated is a 0.1 (mol / L) KBr aqueous solution. ) was connected horizontally. Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 0.08 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 5 An experiment was carried out in which the treatment substance was a 4 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and the treatment liquid was a 1 (mol / L) KBr aqueous solution, and ion exchange was carried out with an ion exchanger having a film area of 18 cm 2. However, the ion exchange capacity was 3.8 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Comparative Example 1 The treated substance is a 0.1 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, the treated liquid is a 0.2 (mol / L) KBr aqueous solution, and ion exchange is performed with an ion exchanger having a film area of 18 cm 2. As a result of the experiment, the ion exchange capacity was 0.09 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 6 An experiment in which a treatment substance is a 4 (mol / L) NaCl aqueous solution and a treatment liquid is a 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution, and ions are exchanged with an ion exchanger having a film area of 18 cm 2. As a result, the ion exchange capacity was 2.8 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 7) The treated substance is 37 (mol / L) solid NaCl, the liquid to be treated is 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution, and ions are exchanged with an ion exchanger having a film area of 18 cm 2.
- the ion exchange capacity was 4.2 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 8 The treated substance is 20 (mol / L) solid and liquid NaCl, the liquid to be treated is 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution, and ion exchange is performed with an ion exchanger having a film area of 18 cm 2. As a result of the experiment, the ion exchange capacity was 4.9 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Comparative Example 1 it can be seen that the impurity ions of the liquid to be treated cannot be sufficiently removed because the molar concentration of the treated substance is low. Further, according to Examples 5 to 8, it can be seen that when the molar concentration of the treated substance is increased, an ion exchange capacity higher than that of the existing ion exchange resin 2 (meq / cm 3) is obtained. Further, according to Examples 7 and 8, it was found that a high ion exchange capacity can be obtained even when a solid treated substance is used, and when a liquid and a solid are used, a higher ion exchange capacity is obtained than when only a solid is used. It turns out that we get capacity.
- the treated substance is placed in a PTFE resin container having a size of 15 ⁇ 24 ⁇ 94 mm (wall thickness 2 mm, internal volume 11 ⁇ 20 ⁇ 90 mm), an ion exchanger is installed on a surface of 24 ⁇ 94, and the ion exchanger is placed.
- a container (thickness 2 mm) of 15 ⁇ 24 ⁇ 94 mm was stacked through the container to form a flow path having a width of 20, a depth of 11, and a length of 90 mm.
- the positional relationship between the raw water section and the treatment section was horizontal.
- a solution containing ions having a predetermined concentration is prepared, the liquid to be treated is flowed at a flow rate of 1000 mL / min, and the molar concentration of impurities in the liquid to be treated in the raw water part and the treatment substance in the treatment part is adjusted every hour. The measurement was carried out, and the flow was continued until the molar concentration of impurities in the liquid to be treated did not change. Then, the ion exchange capacity was calculated based on the molar concentration of impurities lost from the liquid to be treated.
- the treatment substance is a 1.9 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid is a 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid in the raw water tank (raw water part) is 8 (raw water part). It was allowed to flow at a flow velocity of cm / s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 1.8 (meq / cm 3 ).
- the treatment substance is a 2.1 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid is a 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid in the raw water tank (raw water part) is 8 (raw water part). It was allowed to flow at a flow velocity of cm / s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 2 (meq / cm 3 ).
- the treatment substance is a 12 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid is a 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid in the raw water tank (raw water part) is 8 (cm / cm / L). It was allowed to flow at a flow velocity of s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 8.6 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 12 The treatment substance is a 6 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, the treatment liquid is a 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution, and the treatment liquid in the raw water tank (raw water part) is 8 (cm / cm / L). It was allowed to flow at a flow velocity of s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 5.7 (meq / cm 3 ).
- the treatment substance is a 6 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid is a 2 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid in the raw water tank (raw water part) is 8 (cm / cm / L). It was allowed to flow at a flow velocity of s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 5.5 (meq / cm 3 ).
- the treatment substance is a 6 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid is a 4 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid in the raw water tank (raw water part) is 8 (cm / cm / L). It was allowed to flow at a flow velocity of s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 5.8 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 15 The treatment substance is a 6 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, the treatment liquid is a 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution, and the treatment liquid in the raw water tank (raw water part) is 16 (cm / cm / L). It was allowed to flow at a flow velocity of s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 5.8 (meq / cm 3 ). Therefore, according to Examples 9 to 15, it can be seen that if the molar concentration of the treated substance is 2 (mol / L) or more, an ion exchange capacity higher than that of the existing ion exchange resin can be obtained.
- Example 16 The treatment substance is a CaCl 2 solution of 6 (mol / L), the liquid to be treated is a KBr aqueous solution of 1 (mol / L), and the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank (raw water part) is 8 (cm / cm / L). It was allowed to flow at the flow velocity of s). Such examples are examples that do not contain Group 1 elements and OH ⁇ . Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 5.5 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 17 The treatment substance is 0.04 (mol / L) Ca (OH) 2 solution, the treatment liquid is 0.01 (mol / L) KBr aqueous solution, and the subject of the raw water tank (raw water part).
- the treatment solution was allowed to flow at a flow rate of 8 (cm / s).
- Such examples are examples that do not contain Group 1 elements.
- the ion exchange capacity was 0.03 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 18 The treated substance is a 6 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, the liquid to be treated is a 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution, and the treated substance in the treatment tank (treatment section) is 8 (cm / s). ) Flow velocity. As shown in FIG. 3, such an example is an example in which the treatment substance is allowed to flow without flowing the liquid to be treated. Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 4.7 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 19 The treated substance is a 6 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and the liquid to be treated is a 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution. ) was flowed at a flow rate of 8 (cm / s). As shown in FIG. 4, such an example is an example in which both the liquid to be treated and the substance to be treated are flown. Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 5.4 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 20 The treated substance is a 12 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and the liquid to be treated is a 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution. ) was placed in a state where it did not flow.
- a butyl rubber width 2 mm, thickness 0.5 mm
- a sealing means sandwiched between 24 ⁇ 94 surfaces.
- the treatment substance is a 12 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid is a 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid in the raw water tank (raw water part) is 8 (cm / cm / L). It was allowed to flow at a flow velocity of s).
- the liquid to be treated is allowed to flow without flowing the treated substance, and the liquid to be treated is stirred by the stirring means.
- a magnetic stirrer made of PTFE having a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 15 mm was used, and the mixture was rotated at a rotation speed of 100 rpm.
- Example 22 The treatment substance in the first treatment tank is a 6 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, the treatment substance in the second treatment tank is a 6 (mol / L) NaOH solution, and the liquid to be treated is 2 (mol / L).
- the CaCl 2 aqueous solution of L) was used, and the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank (raw water part) was flowed at a flow rate of 8 (cm / s).
- Example 23 The treatment substance in the first treatment tank is a 12 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, the treatment substance in the second treatment tank is a 10 (mol / L) NaOH solution, and the liquid to be treated is 2 (mol / L).
- the CaCl 2 aqueous solution of L) was used, and the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank (raw water part) was flowed at a flow rate of 8 (cm / s).
- Example 24 The treatment substance in the first treatment tank is a 6 (mol / L) NaCl solution, the treatment substance in the second treatment tank is a 6 (mol / L) NaOH solution, and the liquid to be treated is 2 (mol / L).
- a CaCl 2 aqueous solution of L) was used, and the solution to be treated in the raw water tank (raw water part) was flowed at a flow rate of 8 (cm / s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a film area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity of the first treatment tank was 5.6 (meq / cm 3 ), and the ion exchange capacity of the second treatment tank was 5. It was .6 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 25 The treatment substance in the first treatment tank is a 10 (mol / L) HNO 3 solution, the treatment substance in the second treatment tank is a 10 (mol / L) NaOH solution, and the liquid to be treated is 2 (mol).
- a CaCl 2 aqueous solution of / L) was used, and the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank (raw water part) was flowed at a flow rate of 8 (cm / s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a film area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity of the first treatment tank was 8.1 (meq / cm 3 ), and the ion exchange capacity of the second treatment tank was 6. It was 9.9 (meq / cm 3 ).
- the treatment substance in the first treatment tank is an 18 (mol / L) H 2 SO 4 solution
- the treatment substance in the second treatment tank is a 10 (mol / L) NaOH solution
- the liquid to be treated is 2.
- a (mol / L) MgCl 2 aqueous solution was used, and the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank (raw water part) was flowed at a flow rate of 8 (cm / s).
- the ion exchange capacity of the first treatment tank was 6.2 (meq / cm 3 )
- the ion exchange capacity of the second treatment tank was 6. It was .8 (meq / cm 3 ).
- the treatment substance in the first treatment tank is a 14 (mol / L) H 3 PO 4 solution
- the treatment substance in the second treatment tank is a 10 (mol / L) NaOH solution
- the liquid to be treated is 2.
- a (mol / L) KCl aqueous solution was used, and the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank (raw water part) was flowed at a flow rate of 8 (cm / s).
- the ion exchange capacity of the first treatment tank was 14.1 (meq / cm 3 )
- the ion exchange capacity of the second treatment tank was 8. It was .7 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 28 CH 3 COOH solution in the first treatment tank processing material 8 (mol / L), Na 2 CO 3 solution the treatment substance in the second treatment tank 5 (mol / L), the liquid to be treated was made into a 2 (mol / L) KCl aqueous solution, and the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank (raw water part) was flowed at a flow rate of 8 (cm / s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a film area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity of the first treatment tank was 6.7 (meq / cm 3 ), and the ion exchange capacity of the second treatment tank was 4. It was .4 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 29 See FIGS. 8 to 10 and 26
- an ion exchanger having a diameter of 15 mm was inserted into a cylindrical container having a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 300 mm, and the liquid to be treated was allowed to flow in the ion exchanger.
- Example 30 hollow thread-shaped ion exchangers having an inner diameter of 2 mm are inserted into a cylindrical container having a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 300 mm, and the liquid to be treated is inserted into the ion exchanger. Flowed.
- Example 29 The treatment substance in the treatment tank is a 12 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, the treatment liquid is a 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution, and the treatment liquid in the raw water tank (raw water part) is 8. It was allowed to flow at a flow velocity of (cm / s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with a tubular ion exchanger having a membrane area of 141 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 10.5 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 30 The treatment substance in the treatment tank is a 12 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, the treatment liquid is a 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution, and the treatment liquid in the raw water tank (raw water part) is 8. It was allowed to flow at a flow velocity of (cm / s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with hollow filament-shaped ion exchangers having a membrane area of 565 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 11.5 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 31 a phosphate-treated gypsum (CaSO 4 / PO 4 ) film was used as the ion exchanger. Further, in Example 32, an ion exchanger made of a double network gel was used. In such a double network gel, a first network gel is synthesized using an ion exchanger, a cross-linking agent and a photopolymerization initiator capable of removing impurity ions, and the first network gel is changed to the second network gel (same as the first network gel). It is obtained by impregnating the material) and synthesizing it. Further, in Example 33, the ion exchanger is formed on a support made of a sheet-like fiber layer.
- Such a sheet-shaped fiber layer is obtained by preparing an impregnating solution containing an ion exchanger capable of removing impurity ions, a cross-linking agent and a photopolymerization initiator, and impregnating the support made of PET fibers with the synthetic material.
- the treatment substance is a 6 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid is a 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid in the raw water tank (raw water part) is 8 (cm / cm / L). It was allowed to flow at a flow velocity of s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 4.4 (meq / cm 3 ).
- the treatment substance is a 6 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid is a 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid in the raw water tank (raw water part) is 8 (cm / cm / L). It was allowed to flow at a flow velocity of s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 5.7 (meq / cm 3 ).
- the treatment substance is a 6 (mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid is a 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution
- the treatment liquid in the raw water tank (raw water part) is 8 (cm / cm / L). It was allowed to flow at a flow velocity of s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 5.6 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 34 The treatment substance is 5 (mol / L) solid and liquid Na 2 CO 3 , and the liquid to be treated is 1 (mol / L) CaCl 2 aqueous solution, and the raw water tank (raw water part) is to be treated. The liquid was allowed to flow at a flow rate of 8 (cm / s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 4.4 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 35 The treated substance is 6 (mol / L) solid and liquid Ca (OH) 2 , and the liquid to be treated is a 0.1 (mol / L) KBr aqueous solution.
- the liquid to be treated was allowed to flow at a flow rate of 8 (cm / s). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged with an ion exchanger having a membrane area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 5.1 (meq / cm 3 ).
- the ion exchange capacity was 1.8 (meq / cm 3 ) and the treated substance.
- the leak (the amount of the treated substance permeated from the treated part to the raw water part) was 0.2 (meq / cm 3 ).
- Example 37 In the raw water tank 1, the impurity ion of the liquid to be treated is CaCl 2 , the concentration is 0.001 (molar / L), and the flow rate is 4 (cm / s). The composition was NaCl, the concentration was 2 (mol / L), and the flow velocity was 4 (cm / s). Then, using an ion exchanger having a film area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 1. 9 (meq / cm 3 ) and leakage of the treated substance (amount of the treated substance permeated from the treated portion to the raw water portion) were 0.1 (meq / cm 3 ).
- the composition was NaCl, the concentration was 2 (mol / L), and the flow velocity was 0 (cm / s) (that is, in a hydrostatic state). Then, when an experiment was conducted in which ions were exchanged using an ion exchanger having a film area of 18 cm 2 without connecting the sub-treatment unit 27, the ion exchange capacity was 1.8 (meq / cm 3 ) and the leakage of the treated substance was 0. The treatment time until the impurity ions (Ca ions) in .22 (meq / cm 3 ) and the liquid to be treated became 1 ppm or less was 6 (min).
- Example 39 In the raw water tank 1, the impurity ion of the liquid to be treated is CaCl 2 , the concentration is 0.001 (molar / L), and the flow rate is 4 (cm / s).
- the composition was NaCl, the concentration was 2 (mol / L), and the flow velocity was 0 (cm / s) (that is, in a hydrostatic state).
- the sub-treatment unit 27 which is filled with granular ion exchangers made of resin, has a flow velocity of 8 (cm / s) and the exchanger.
- Example 40 This is an example in which the raw water tank 1 is filled with a spherical ion exchange resin F.
- a spherical ion exchanger F ion exchange resin having a diameter of about 0.5 mm was filled in contact with the ion exchanger 3 until the height became 3 mm.
- the test was performed in the same manner as in Example 38.
- the treatment time until the ion exchange capacity is 1.8 (meq / cm 3 ) and the impurity ion (Ca ion) in the liquid to be treated becomes 1 ppm or less is 4 (min). there were.
- Example 41 This is an example in which the raw water tank 1 is filled with the fibrous ion exchanger G.
- a fibrous ion exchanger G (nonwoven fabric) was processed to a size of 20 ⁇ 90 mm using Muromac NWF-SC manufactured by Muromachi Chemical Co., Ltd., and filled in contact with the ion exchanger 3.
- the test was performed in the same manner as in Example 38.
- the treatment time until the ion exchange capacity becomes 1.8 (meq / cm 3 ) and the impurity ions (Ca ions) in the liquid to be treated become 1 ppm or less is 2 (min). there were.
- Example 42 In the raw water tank 1, the impurity ion of the liquid to be treated is CaCl 2 , the concentration is 0.001 (molar / L), and the flow velocity is 4 (cm / s).
- the composition was Na oxalate (molecular weight 134 (g / mol), Na amount per molecule 2), the concentration was 2 (mol / L), and the flow velocity was 0 (cm / s) (that is, in a hydrostatic state). Then, when an experiment was conducted by exchanging ions using an ion exchanger having a film area of 18 cm 2 , as shown in FIG. 33, the ion exchange capacity was 3.5 (meq / cm 3 ), and the leakage of the treated substance was 0. It was 15 (meq / cm 3 ) and the processing time was 7 (min).
- Example 43 In the raw water tank 1, the impurity ion of the liquid to be treated is CaCl 2 , the concentration is 0.001 (molar / L), and the flow velocity is 4 (cm / s).
- the composition was Na glutamate (molecular weight 169 (g / mol), Na amount per molecule 1), the concentration was 2 (mol / L), and the flow velocity was 0 (cm / s) (that is, in a hydrostatic state). Then, when an experiment was conducted by exchanging ions using an ion exchanger having a film area of 18 cm 2 , the ion exchange capacity was 1.2 (meq / cm 3 ) and the leakage of the treated substance was 0. It was 12 (meq / cm 3 ) and the processing time was 6 (min).
- Example 44 In the raw water tank 1, the impurity ion of the liquid to be treated is CaCl 2 , the concentration is 0.001 (mol / L), and the flow velocity is 4 (cm / s).
- the composition was Na 4 P 2 O 7 (molecular weight 266 (g / mol), Na amount per molecule 4), the concentration was 2 (mol / L), and the flow velocity was 0 (cm / s) (that is, in a hydrostatic state). ..
- Example 45 In the raw water tank 1, the impurity ion of the liquid to be treated is CaCl 2 , the concentration is 0.001 (molar / L), and the flow velocity is 4 (cm / s).
- the composition was Na stearate (molecular weight 306 (g / mol), Na amount per molecule 1), the concentration was 2 (molar / L), and the flow velocity was 0 (cm / s) (that is, in a hydrostatic state).
- Example 46 In the raw water tank 1, the impurity ion of the liquid to be treated is CaCl 2 , the concentration is 0.001 (mol / L), and the flow velocity is 4 (cm / s).
- the composition was Na 4 P 2 O 7 (molecular weight 266 (g / mol), Na amount per molecule 4), the concentration was 2 (mol / L), and the flow velocity was 4 (cm / s).
- the ion exchange capacity was 4.6 (meq / cm 3 ) and the leakage of the treated substance was 0 (as shown in FIG. 33).
- the meq / cm 3 ) and the treatment time were 5 (min).
- FIG. 34 shows the relationship between the molecular weight of the treated substance and the amount of leakage of the treated substance. If the molecular weight is 80 g / mol or more, the permeation amount can be set to a low level of less than 0.2 (meq / cm 3 ), and more preferably, if it is 200 g / mol or more, the permeation amount of the treated substance can be set to 0. Therefore, it is preferable.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the sizes and shapes of the raw water tank (raw water portion) and the treatment tank (first treatment tank and second treatment tank) are set in various ways.
- any liquid to be treated and the substance to be treated can be used as long as the molar concentration of the substance to be treated in the treatment tank (treatment section) is higher than that of the liquid to be treated in the raw water tank (raw water section).
- the treated substance in the treated part has a higher molar concentration than the liquid to be treated in the raw water part, it can be applied to an ion exchange device to which other means are added.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態に係るイオン交換装置は、被処理液中の不純物イオンを除去することにより、工業用水の軟水化または純水製造、飲料水や車両用冷却水等の浄化を行うもので、第1の実施形態に係るイオン交換装置として、図1に示すように、原水槽1(原水部)と、処理槽2(処理部)と、イオン交換体3とを有したものが挙げられる。
本実施形態に係るイオン交換装置は、第1の実施形態と同様、被処理液中の不純物イオンを除去することにより、工業用水の軟水化または純水製造、飲料水や車両用冷却水等の浄化を行うもので、図7に示すように、原水槽1と、第1処理槽6(第1処理部)と、陽イオン交換体7と、第2処理槽8(第2処理部)と、陰イオン交換体9とを有して構成されている。
本実施形態に係るイオン交換装置は、既述の実施形態と同様、被処理液中の不純物イオンを除去することにより、工業用水の軟水化または純水製造、飲料水や車両用冷却水等の浄化を行うもので、図13に示すように、原水槽1に流入口1a及び流出口1bを形成して被処理液を流動させるとともに、処理槽2に流入口2a及び流出口2bを形成して処理物質を流動させるよう構成されている。
本実施形態に係るイオン交換装置は、既述の実施形態と同様、被処理液中の不純物イオンを除去することにより、工業用水の軟水化または純水製造、飲料水や車両用冷却水等の浄化を行うもので、図15に示すように、粒状のイオン交換体Bが充填された副処理部27を具備するとともに、当該副処理部27が原水槽1の下流側に接続され、原水槽1を流通した被処理液が副処理部27に流入可能とされている。
本実施形態に係るイオン交換装置は、既述の実施形態と同様、被処理液中の不純物イオンを除去することにより、工業用水の軟水化または純水製造、飲料水や車両用冷却水等の浄化を行うもので、処理槽2に収容された処理物質は、分子量が80g/モル以上の物質から成るものとされている。このように、分子量が80g/モル以上の処理物質を用いることにより、以下の効果を奏することができる。
本実施形態に係るイオン交換装置は、既述の実施形態と同様、被処理液中の不純物イオンを除去することにより、工業用水の軟水化または純水製造、飲料水や車両用冷却水等の浄化を行うもので、図17に示すように、原水槽1は、イオン交換体3と接触した状態で充填された充填イオン交換体Fが収容されている。かかる充填イオン交換体Fは、組成及び性質がイオン交換体3と同等なものであり、その形状が球状とされ、大きな表面積を確保可能とされている。
本実施形態に係るイオン交換装置は、既述の実施形態と同様、被処理液中の不純物イオンを除去することにより、工業用水の軟水化または純水製造、飲料水や車両用冷却水等の浄化を行うもので、図19に示すように、原水槽1は、イオン交換体3と接触した状態で充填された充填イオン交換体Gが収容されている。かかる充填イオン交換体Gは、組成及び性質がイオン交換体3と同等なものであり、その形状が繊維状とされ、より一層大きな表面積を確保可能とされている。
(実施例1~8及び比較例1について:図1及び図21参照)
所定の濃度のイオンを含有させた溶液を調製し、34×64×54mm(壁厚2mm、内容積30×60×50mm)の大きさのPTFE樹脂製の容器に90ml入れ、34×64の面にイオン交換体を設置し、34×64×54mm(壁厚2mm、内容積30×60×50mm)の容器をイオン交換体が設置している面に重ねるとともに、クランプで圧力を加えて液体が漏れないようにしつつ処理物質90mlを充填して蓋をした。
(比較例1):処理物質を0.1(mol/L)の塩酸水溶液、被処理液を0.2(mol/L)のKBr水溶液とし、膜面積18cm2のイオン交換体にてイオン交換させて実験したところ、イオン交換容量が0.09(meq/cm3)であった。
(実施例7):処理物質を37(mol/L)の固体のNaCl、被処理液を1(mol/L)のCaCl2水溶液とし、膜面積18cm2のイオン交換体にてイオン交換させて実験したところ、イオン交換容量が4.2(meq/cm3)であった。
(実施例8):処理物質を20(mol/L)の固体及び液体のNaCl、被処理液を1(mol/L)のCaCl2水溶液とし、膜面積18cm2のイオン交換体にてイオン交換させて実験したところ、イオン交換容量が4.9(meq/cm3)であった。
処理物質を15×24×94mm(壁厚2mm、内容積11×20×90mm)の大きさのPTFE樹脂製の容器に入れ、24×94の面にイオン交換体を設置し、イオン交換体を介して15×24×94mmの容器(厚み2mm)を重ね、幅20、奥行き11及び長さ90mmの流路を形成した。原水部と処理部の位置関係は、水平方向とした。そして、所定の濃度のイオンを含有させた溶液を調製し、1000mL/分の流量で被処理液を流動させ、1時間おきに原水部の被処理液及び処理部の処理物質の不純物モル濃度を測定し、被処理液の不純物モル濃度が変化しなくなるまで流動を続けた。その後、被処理液から失われた不純物モル濃度に基づいてイオン交換容量を算出した。
(実施例10):処理物質を2.1(mol/L)の塩酸水溶液、被処理液を1(mol/L)のCaCl2水溶液とし、原水槽(原水部)の被処理液を8(cm/s)の流速で流動させた。そして、膜面積18cm2のイオン交換体にてイオン交換させて実験したところ、イオン交換容量が2(meq/cm3)であった。
(実施例12):処理物質を6(mol/L)の塩酸水溶液、被処理液を1(mol/L)のCaCl2水溶液とし、原水槽(原水部)の被処理液を8(cm/s)の流速で流動させた。そして、膜面積18cm2のイオン交換体にてイオン交換させて実験したところ、イオン交換容量が5.7(meq/cm3)であった。
(実施例14):処理物質を6(mol/L)の塩酸水溶液、被処理液を4(mol/L)のCaCl2水溶液とし、原水槽(原水部)の被処理液を8(cm/s)の流速で流動させた。そして、膜面積18cm2のイオン交換体にてイオン交換させて実験したところ、イオン交換容量が5.8(meq/cm3)であった。
したがって、実施例9~15によれば、処理物質のモル濃度を2(mol/L)以上とすれば、既存のイオン交換樹脂より高いイオン交換容量を得ることが分かる。
実験方法については、実施例9~15と同様である。
(実施例16):処理物質を6(mol/L)のCaCl2溶液、被処理液を1(mol/L)のKBr水溶液とし、原水槽(原水部)の被処理液を8(cm/s)の流速で流動させた。かかる実施例は、第一族元素及びOH-を含まない例である。そして、膜面積18cm2のイオン交換体にてイオン交換させて実験したところ、イオン交換容量が5.5(meq/cm3)であった。
(実施例17):処理物質を0.04(mol/L)のCa(OH)2溶液、被処理液を0.01(mol/L)のKBr水溶液とし、原水槽(原水部)の被処理液を8(cm/s)の流速で流動させた。かかる実施例は、第一族元素を含まない例である。そして、膜面積18cm2のイオン交換体にてイオン交換させて実験したところ、イオン交換容量が0.03(meq/cm3)であった。
(実施例18):処理物質を6(mol/L)の塩酸水溶液、被処理液を1(mol/L)のCaCl2水溶液とし、処理槽(処理部)の処理物質を8(cm/s)の流速で流動させた。かかる実施例は、図3に示すように、被処理液を流動させず処理物質を流動させた例である。そして、膜面積18cm2のイオン交換体にてイオン交換させて実験したところ、イオン交換容量が4.7(meq/cm3)であった。
(実施例19):処理物質を6(mol/L)の塩酸水溶液、被処理液を1(mol/L)のCaCl2水溶液とし、処理槽(処理部)の処理物質及び原水槽(原水部)の被処理液を8(cm/s)の流速で流動させた。かかる実施例は、図4に示すように、被処理液及び処理物質の両方を流動させた例である。そして、膜面積18cm2のイオン交換体にてイオン交換させて実験したところ、イオン交換容量が5.4(meq/cm3)であった。
15×24×200mm(壁厚2mm、内容積11×20×200mm)の大きさのPTFE樹脂製の容器にて被処理液を流動させるとともに、24×94×15mm(壁厚2mm)の容器を第1処理槽及び第2処理槽とし、且つ、それぞれの処理槽における24×94mmの全面にイオン交換体を設置した。
実施例29においては、図8、9に示すように、直径20mm、長さ300mmの円筒状容器内に直径15mmのイオン交換体を挿通し、そのイオン交換体内に被処理液を流動させた。また、実施例30においては、図10に示すように、直径20mm、長さ300mmの円筒状容器内に内径2mmの中空糸状のイオン交換体を30本挿通し、そのイオン交換体内に被処理液を流動させた。
(実施例30):処理槽の処理物質を12(mol/L)の塩酸水溶液、被処理液を1(mol/L)のCaCl2水溶液とし、原水槽(原水部)の被処理液を8(cm/s)の流速で流動させた。そして、膜面積565cm2の中空糸状のイオン交換体にてそれぞれイオン交換させて実験したところ、イオン交換容量が11.5(meq/cm3)であった。
実施例31においては、イオン交換体としてリン酸処理石膏(CaSO4・PO4)膜を使用したものである。また、実施例32においては、イオン交換体としてダブルネットワークゲルから成るものを使用したものである。かかるダブルネットワークゲルは、不純物イオンを除去可能なイオン交換体、架橋剤及び光重合開始剤を用いて第1ネットワークゲルを合成し、第1ネットワークゲルを第2ネットワークゲル(第1ネットワークゲルと同一材料)に含浸させて合成することにより得られる。さらに、実施例33においては、イオン交換体をシート状の繊維層から成る支持体上に形成したものである。かかるシート状の繊維層は、不純物イオンを除去可能なイオン交換体、架橋剤及び光重合開始剤を含む含浸液を調製し、PET繊維から成る支持体を含浸させて合成することにより得られる。
(実施例34):処理物質を5(mol/L)の固体及び液体のNa2CO3、被処理液を1(mol/L)のCaCl2水溶液とし、原水槽(原水部)の被処理液を8(cm/s)の流速で流動させた。そして、膜面積18cm2のイオン交換体にてイオン交換させて実験したところ、イオン交換容量が4.4(meq/cm3)であった。
(実施例35):処理物質を6(mol/L)の固体及び液体のCa(OH)2、被処理液を0.1(mol/L)のKBr水溶液とし、原水槽(原水部)の被処理液を8(cm/s)の流速で流動させた。そして、膜面積18cm2のイオン交換体にてイオン交換させて実験したところ、イオン交換容量が5.1(meq/cm3)であった。
実施例36、37に係る以下の実験結果により、原水槽1の被処理液と処理槽2の処理物質とを対向した向きで流通させることにより、処理物質のもれを抑制でき、より高いイオン交換容量を得ることが分かる。
(実施例36):原水槽1において、被処理液の不純物イオンがCaCl2、濃度が0.001(モル/L)、流速が4(cm/s)とし、処理槽2において、処理物質の組成がNaCl、濃度が2(モル/L)、流速が4(cm/s)とした。そして、膜面積18cm2のイオン交換体を用い、被処理液と処理物質との流通方向を同一としてイオン交換させて実験したところ、イオン交換容量が1.8(meq/cm3)及び処理物質のもれ(処理部から原水部に透過した処理物質の量)が0.2(meq/cm3)であった。
実施例38、39に係る以下の実験結果により、粒状のイオン交換体Bを充填させた副処理部27を原水槽1の下流側に接続することで処理時間を短縮し得ることが分かり、これにより、イオン交換装置を小型化することができる。なお、それ以外の条件は、実施例9と同じとした。
(実施例38):原水槽1において、被処理液の不純物イオンがCaCl2、濃度が0.001(モル/L)、流速が4(cm/s)とし、処理槽2において、処理物質の組成がNaCl、濃度が2(モル/L)、流速が0(cm/s)(すなわち、静水状態)とした。そして、膜面積18cm2のイオン交換体を用い、副処理部27を接続しないでイオン交換させて実験したところ、イオン交換容量が1.8(meq/cm3)、処理物質のもれが0.22(meq/cm3)及び被処理液中の不純物イオン(Caイオン)が1ppm以下になるまでの処理時間が6(min)であった。
実施例40、41に係る以下の実験結果により、原水槽1にイオン交換体3と接する形で球状の充填イオン交換体Fを充填させることにより、イオン交換に必要な時間が短くなり、さらに球状のイオン交換体Fに代えて、繊維状のイオン交換体Gを原水槽1に充填させることにより、不純物イオン除去に必要な時間がさらに短縮できることが確認できた。
実施例42~46に係る以下の実験結果により、処理物質を分子量が大きい物質とすることで処理物質のもれを抑制することができ、より高いイオン交換容量を得ることが分かる。特に、実施例46によれば、分子量が大きな処理物質を図3に示すように流通させることで被処理液中の不純物イオン(Caイオン)が1ppm以下になるまでの処理時間を短縮することができ、その結果、イオン交換装置を小型化することが可能となる。
1a 流入口
1b 流出口
2 処理槽(処理部)
2a 流入口
2b 流出口
3 イオン交換体
4 シール手段
5 撹拌手段
6 第1処理槽(第1処理部)
7 陽イオン交換体
8 第2処理槽(第2処理部)
9 陰イオン交換体
10 原水部
11 処理部
12 イオン交換体
13 原水部
14 陽イオン交換体
15 第1処理部
16 接続部材
17 原水部
18 陰イオン交換体
19 第2処理部
20 原水部
20a 流入口
20b 流出口
21 第1処理部
22 イオン交換体
23 第2処理部
24 イオン交換体
25 第3処理部
26 イオン交換体
27 副処理部
27a 流入口
27b 流出口
B イオン交換体
F 球状の充填イオン交換体
G 繊維状の充填イオン交換体
Claims (18)
- 不純物イオンを含有した液体から成る被処理液が収容された原水部と、
前記不純物イオンと交換可能なイオンから成る交換イオンを含有した処理物質が収容された処理部と、
前記不純物イオンの前記原水部から処理部に対する通過、及び前記交換イオンの前記処理部から原水部に対する通過を許容するイオン交換体と、
を具備したイオン交換装置であって、
前記原水部の被処理液より前記処理部の処理物質の方がモル濃度が高いことを特徴とするイオン交換装置。 - 前記処理部における前記処理物質のモル濃度は、2モル/L以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のイオン交換装置。
- 前記原水部は、前記被処理液を流通させ得ることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2記載のイオン交換装置。
- 前記処理部は、前記処理物質を前記被処理液と対向する方向に流通させ得ることを特徴とする請求項3記載のイオン交換装置。
- 粒状のイオン交換体が充填された副処理部を具備するとともに、当該副処理部が前記原水部の下流側に接続され、前記原水部を流通した前記被処理液が前記副処理部に流入可能とされたことを特徴とする請求項3又は請求項4記載のイオン交換装置。
- 前記原水部は、前記イオン交換体と接触した状態で充填された充填イオン交換体が収容されたことを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか1つに記載のイオン交換装置。
- 前記充填イオン交換体は、球状又は繊維状のイオン交換体から成ることを特徴とする請求項6記載のイオン交換装置。
- 前記処理部は、前記処理物質を攪拌可能な攪拌手段が配設されたことを特徴とする請求項1~7の何れか1つに記載のイオン交換装置。
- 前記原水部と前記イオン交換体との間の接合部、および前記処理部と前記イオン交換体との間の接合部の少なくとも一方をシールするシール手段が配設されたことを特徴とする請求項1~8の何れか1つに記載のイオン交換装置。
- 前記交換イオンは、第一族元素イオンまたは水酸化物イオンから成ることを特徴とする請求項1~9の何れか1つに記載のイオン交換装置。
- 前記処理物質は、弱酸または弱塩基を含むことを特徴とする請求項1~10の何れか1つに記載のイオン交換装置。
- 前記処理物質は、第一族元素イオンを含む溶液であることを特徴とする請求項1~11の何れか1つに記載のイオン交換装置。
- 前記交換イオンが第一族元素イオンから成る第1処理部と、
前記交換イオンが水酸化物イオンから成る第2処理部と、
を具備し、これら第1処理部及び第2処理部がそれぞれ前記イオン交換体を介して前記原水部に接続されたことを特徴とする請求項1~12の何れか1つに記載のイオン交換装置。 - 前記処理部に収容された処理物質は、分子量が80g/モル以上の物質から成ることを特徴とする請求項1~13の何れか1つに記載のイオン交換装置。
- 前記イオン交換体は、筒状、平膜形状または中空糸形状とされたことを特徴とする請求項1~14の何れか1つに記載のイオン交換装置。
- 前記イオン交換体は、イオン交換樹脂膜から成ることを特徴とする請求項1~15の何れか1つに記載のイオン交換装置。
- 前記イオン交換体は、ダブルネットワークゲルから成ることを特徴とする請求項1~16の何れか1つに記載のイオン交換装置。
- 前記イオン交換体は、シート状の繊維層から成る支持体上に形成されたことを特徴とする請求項1~17の何れか1つに記載のイオン交換装置。
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EP (2) | EP4108329A4 (ja) |
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CN (3) | CN115103819B (ja) |
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US20220371923A1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
US20220356083A1 (en) | 2022-11-10 |
JPWO2021166369A1 (ja) | 2021-08-26 |
WO2021166369A1 (ja) | 2021-08-26 |
WO2021166368A1 (ja) | 2021-08-26 |
EP4108328A1 (en) | 2022-12-28 |
US20220347629A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
CN115103819B (zh) | 2023-11-21 |
JPWO2021166368A1 (ja) | 2021-08-26 |
EP4108328A4 (en) | 2023-12-06 |
CN115103819A (zh) | 2022-09-23 |
KR20220131387A (ko) | 2022-09-27 |
CN115038668A (zh) | 2022-09-09 |
CN115038668B (zh) | 2024-02-02 |
JPWO2021166367A1 (ja) | 2021-08-26 |
CN115135611A (zh) | 2022-09-30 |
EP4108329A1 (en) | 2022-12-28 |
CN115135611B (zh) | 2023-07-14 |
EP4108329A4 (en) | 2023-11-29 |
CA3168439A1 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
IL295412A (en) | 2022-10-01 |
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