WO2018192122A1 - 一种废旧锂离子电池正极材料的混酸浸出及回收方法 - Google Patents

一种废旧锂离子电池正极材料的混酸浸出及回收方法 Download PDF

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WO2018192122A1
WO2018192122A1 PCT/CN2017/092710 CN2017092710W WO2018192122A1 WO 2018192122 A1 WO2018192122 A1 WO 2018192122A1 CN 2017092710 W CN2017092710 W CN 2017092710W WO 2018192122 A1 WO2018192122 A1 WO 2018192122A1
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leaching
acid
lithium
temperature
reducing agent
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PCT/CN2017/092710
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王雪
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中科过程(北京)科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2018192122A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018192122A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of secondary resource recycling and recycling economy, and particularly relates to a mixed acid leaching and recycling method for a metal component in a cathode material of a waste lithium ion battery.
  • lithium-ion batteries With the innovation of energy storage and supply methods, the application range of lithium-ion batteries has become more extensive, and its applications involve electronic products, automobiles, aerospace and many other fields.
  • the promotion and use of new lithium-ion batteries overcomes the negative environmental impacts of traditional energy supply and storage methods and reduces energy storage costs.
  • the average service life of lithium-ion batteries for mobile power equipment is only 2 to 3 years, and the average life of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles is only 5 to 8 years. Therefore, the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries is bound to produce a large number of waste battery products, which contain a variety of heavy metal elements and organic electrolytes, which can cause serious water, air and soil pollution if not handled properly.
  • waste batteries contain high-value metal elements such as lithium, cobalt, manganese, nickel, and aluminum.
  • metal elements such as lithium, cobalt, manganese, nickel, and aluminum.
  • cobalt and nickel are rare precious metals, and lithium is a strategic metal, which has high recovery value. Therefore, proper disposal and recycling of used lithium-ion batteries can not only avoid their environmental hazards, but also obtain better economic benefits.
  • Patent CN102676827A discloses a method for recovering valuable metals from a nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium battery, and a nickel-cobalt-manganese composite carbonate is obtained by solvent sonication and oxidative acid leaching.
  • CN105331819A discloses a method for recovering Co 3 O 4 from a waste lithium cobalt oxide battery cathode material, and the separation and recovery of Co element is achieved by organic acid leaching and organic extraction.
  • CN103199230A discloses a process for reversely recovering lithium nickel manganese oxide from waste lithium battery as raw material, first obtaining nickel manganese oxide by using acetate complexing agent and electrolysis method, and then calcining with lithium source to obtain lithium nickel manganese oxide.
  • CN103400965A discloses a process for preparing lithium nickel cobaltate by reverse recycling a waste lithium ion battery, and preparing lithium nickel cobaltate by a process similar to the patent CN103199230A.
  • CN101599563A discloses a method for efficiently recovering a positive electrode active material in a waste lithium battery, and obtains a metal material such as copper or aluminum in a used battery by an improved acid leaching and alkali solution adjustment method.
  • CN101212074A discloses a method for recovering a positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery, which recovers valuable elements in the positive electrode material by an organic solvent soaking process.
  • CN101217206A discloses a high-efficiency peeling method for collecting current in a waste lithium battery, which is mechanically crushed to 1 to 5 cm of a battery of a waste lithium battery, and heat-treated at 150 to 600 ° C, and the powder after heat treatment is obtained by vibration screening. Copper and aluminum sheets. The aluminum hydroxide is then partially recovered by dissolving the upper portion of the sieve with a 2 to 4% NaOH solution.
  • CN201310123337.7 discloses a method for obtaining a positive electrode and a negative electrode material of a used battery by a method using a combination of an alkali solution, an organic acid and an organic solvent.
  • CN201310123337.7 and CN201510773893.8 use organic acid (organic carboxylic acid) leaching to realize the separation and recovery of cobalt in waste batteries.
  • CN201510242788.1 The organic acid (organic carboxylic acid) leaching method containing a reducing agent realizes low-cost separation of metal elements in the waste battery waste scrap.
  • the disclosed waste lithium ion battery treatment and recovery method mainly uses alkali leaching, organic acid leaching, alkali-acid mixed immersion, organic acid-organic solution combination immersion, etc. to selectively or completely leaching metal elements in the battery cathode material, and then A metal element, a metal compound, a positive electrode material, or the like is obtained by extraction, precipitation, displacement, distillation, and the like.
  • the treatment and recovery process is often accompanied by secondary pollution, high requirements for leachate, low product purity, high production cost, complicated process, and difficult industrial scale.
  • Environmental and technical issues At present, there is no efficient leaching and effective recovery of valuable metals in the cathode materials of waste lithium ion batteries at the industrial level.
  • the present invention aims to provide a waste lithium A mixed acid leaching and recovery method for a metal component in an anode material of an ion battery, which can easily and efficiently leaching Li and Co ions, and recover high-purity lithium carbonate, cobalt hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, pure aluminum, and the like.
  • the mixed acid and the reducing agent in the invention have wide source range, low raw material price, high leaching efficiency, strong recycling process, simple process, low equipment requirement, and can gradually obtain high-purity aluminum metal, aluminum hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, High purity lithium carbonate (purity of 99.9%).
  • the mixed acid is one or a mixture of organic and/or inorganic acids, and thus the leaching agent is not limited to a mineral acid or an organic acid.
  • a method for mixing and recovering metal components in a cathode material of a waste lithium ion battery comprising the following steps:
  • step (3) The aluminum foil obtained in the step (2) is cleaned to obtain a clean aluminum foil and recycled;
  • the primary and secondary leaching are continued, the pre-leaching liquid, the primary leaching liquid and the secondary leaching liquid are mixed and adjusted to pH, and the aluminum hydroxide and the cobalt-containing lithium-containing residual liquid are obtained by suction filtration. ;
  • the cobalt-containing lithium-containing residual liquid obtained in the step (4) is adjusted at a high temperature, and is filtered by suction to obtain cobalt hydroxide and a lithium-containing residual liquid;
  • the lithium-containing residual liquid obtained in the step (5) is subjected to high-temperature concentration treatment, and a saturated sodium carbonate solution is added to obtain a white precipitate. After suction filtration, washing and drying, a high-purity lithium carbonate solid is obtained.
  • the lithium cobaltate cathode scrap is broken into pieces of 5-15 mm ⁇ 5-15 mm;
  • the drying treatment temperature is 75 to 175 ° C;
  • the drying treatment time is 2 to 15 hours.
  • Step (2) pre-leaching the positive electrode waste with a mixed acid containing a reducing agent, the acid concentration is 0.1 to 15 mol/L, the mass percentage of the reducing agent is 0.1 to 20%, and the leaching S/L is 1 to 500 g. /L, the leaching temperature is 5 to 100 ° C, the leaching time is 5 to 480 min, and the stirring speed is 0 to 2000 rpm;
  • the acid concentration is 2 to 4 mol / L;
  • the mixed acid is one or a mixture of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid organic and/or inorganic acid;
  • the reducing agent has a mass percentage of 2 to 8%;
  • the reducing agent is one or a combination of sodium sulfite, sulfurous acid, sodium thiosulfate or hydrogen peroxide;
  • the leaching S/L is 80-150 g/L
  • the leaching temperature is 30 to 80 ° C;
  • the stirring speed is 100 to 500 rpm.
  • the mesh of the ball mill is 20 to 1000 mesh.
  • the ball-milling slag obtained in the step (4) is subjected to primary and secondary leaching, and the acid concentration is 0.1 to 15 mol/L.
  • the reducing agent has a mass percentage of 0.1 to 20%, a leaching S/L of 1 to 500 g/L, a leaching temperature of 5 to 100 ° C, a leaching time of 5 to 480 min, and a stirring speed of 0 to 2000 rpm; Mixed with one or more of organic and/or inorganic acids;
  • the acid concentration is 2 to 4 mol / L;
  • the mixed acid is preferably one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid;
  • the reducing agent has a mass percentage of 2 to 8%;
  • the reducing agent is one or a combination of sodium sulfite, sulfurous acid, sodium thiosulfate or hydrogen peroxide;
  • the leaching S/L is 80-150 g/L
  • the leaching temperature is 30 to 80 ° C;
  • the stirring speed is 100 to 500 rpm.
  • Step (4) mixing the pre-leaching liquid, the primary leachate, the secondary leachate and adjusting the pH to 3 to 9, and extracting the aluminum hydroxide and the lithium-containing lithium-containing residual liquid by suction filtration;
  • the pH is adjusted to 5-6.
  • Step (5) The alkali solution containing the cobalt-containing lithium residue at a high temperature is adjusted to be one or a mixture of sodium hydroxide and ammonia water; the stirring speed is 0 to 2000 rpm; the stirring adjustment time is 0.5 to 72 hours; Adjusting the pH of the temperature is 15 ⁇ 100 ° C;
  • the alkali solution has a concentration of 0.1 to 10 mol/L;
  • the stirring speed is 100 to 500 rpm;
  • the stirring adjustment time is 2 to 12 hours.
  • Step (6) The purity of the lithium carbonate separated by the addition of the saturated sodium carbonate solution to precipitate the lithium carbonate is higher than 99.9%; the precipitation temperature is preferably 15 to 100 ° C; the precipitation stirring speed is preferably 0 to 2000 rpm; and the precipitation stirring adjustment time is preferably It is 0.5 to 72 hours; the temperature of the water used for washing is 30 to 100 °C.
  • the precipitation stirring speed is further preferably 100 to 500 rpm;
  • the molar ratio of carbonate ions to lithium ions in the solution added to the saturated sodium carbonate solution is preferably from 1 to 3:2.
  • the mixed acid leaching and recovery method of the metal component in the positive electrode material comprises the following steps:
  • the lithium battery positive waste is broken into pieces of 5 to 15 mm ⁇ 5 to 15 mm, and the drying temperature is 75 ⁇ 175 ° C, drying treatment time is 2 ⁇ 15h;
  • the positive electrode waste is preliminarily leached with a mixed acid containing a reducing agent, and filtered to obtain an aluminum foil, a pre-separation slag, and a pre-leaching liquid.
  • the mixed acid is one or a mixture of organic and/or inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, etc., and the acid concentration of the leaching solution is 2 to 4 mol/L.
  • the reducing agent has a mass percentage of 2 to 8%, a leaching S/L of 80 to 150 g/L, a leaching temperature of 50 to 80 ° C, a leaching time of 5 to 480 min, a stirring speed of 100 to 500 rpm, and a reducing agent of sodium sulfite. a combination of one or more of sulfurous acid, sodium thiosulfate or hydrogen peroxide;
  • step (3) The aluminum foil obtained in the step (2) is cleaned to obtain a clean aluminum foil and recycled;
  • the pre-separation slag ball mill obtained in the step (2) (the number of mesh-milled sieves is 20 to 1000 mesh) is subjected to primary and secondary leaching, and the pre-leaching liquid, the primary leaching liquid, and the secondary leaching liquid are mixed and adjusted to pH.
  • the aluminum hydroxide and the lithium-containing lithium-containing residual liquid are obtained by suction filtration; the pre-separation slag ball milling time is 2 to 5 hours.
  • the acid concentration of the leachate is 2 to 4 mol/L, the mass percentage of the reducing agent is 2 to 8%, the leaching S/L is 80 to 150 g/L, the leaching temperature is 50 to 80 ° C, and the leaching time is 5 to 480 min.
  • the speed is 100-500 rpm
  • the reducing agent is one or a combination of sodium sulfite, sulfurous acid, sodium thiosulfate or hydrogen peroxide.
  • the mixed acid is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, lemon.
  • organic and/or inorganic acids such as acid, formic acid, acetic acid;
  • the cobalt-containing lithium-containing residual liquid obtained in the step (4) is adjusted in pH at a high temperature, and suction-filtered to obtain cobalt hydroxide and a lithium-containing residual liquid.
  • the solution for adjusting the pH at a high temperature is one or a mixture of sodium hydroxide and ammonia water, the alkali concentration is 0.1 to 10 mol/L, the stirring speed is 100 to 500 rpm, the stirring adjustment time is 2 to 12 hours, and the pH is adjusted. 10 to 90 ° C;
  • the lithium-containing residual liquid obtained in the step (5) is subjected to high-temperature concentration treatment, and a saturated sodium carbonate solution is added to obtain a white precipitate. After suction filtration, washing and drying, a high-purity lithium carbonate solid is obtained.
  • the precipitation temperature is 15 to 100 ° C
  • the stirring speed is 100 to 500 rpm
  • the stirring adjustment time is 2 to 12 hours
  • the molar ratio of the added carbonate ions to the lithium ions in the solution is 1 to 3:2
  • the temperature of the washing water is 90. ⁇ 100 °C.
  • the mixed acid and the reducing agent of the present invention have a wide range of sources, low raw material prices, and high leaching efficiency.
  • the mixing of the mixed acid and the reducing agent can effectively leach the high-value metal components Li and Co in the positive electrode material.
  • the complicated process of separating and purifying the metal components of the prior art is simplified, and the production cost is reduced;
  • the mixed acid of the present invention is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, One or several kinds of organic and/or inorganic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid.
  • the mixed acid leaching agent can be prepared by a mixed method of organic and/or inorganic acid, and the additive content is low, and the raw material threshold is lower than that of the simple organic acid leaching agent;
  • the method for comprehensively recovering metal components in the positive electrode material provided by the invention has strong operability, simple process flow and low equipment requirement, and can obtain high-purity aluminum metal, aluminum hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide and high-purity lithium carbonate step by step. The purity is 99.9%).
  • FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of mixed acid leaching and recovery of metal components in a cathode material of a waste lithium ion battery according to the present invention.
  • a method for mixing and recovering metal components in a cathode material of a waste lithium ion battery, as shown in FIG. 1, the preferred process comprises the following steps:
  • the lithium battery positive waste is broken into pieces of 5 to 15 mm ⁇ 5 to 15 mm, the drying treatment temperature is 75 to 175 ° C, and the drying treatment time is 2 to 15 hours;
  • the positive electrode waste is preliminarily leached with a mixed acid containing a reducing agent, and filtered to obtain an aluminum foil, a pre-separation slag, and a pre-leaching liquid.
  • the mixed acid is one or a mixture of organic and/or inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, etc., and the acid concentration of the leaching solution is 2 to 4 mol/L.
  • the reducing agent has a mass percentage of 2 to 8%, a leaching S/L of 80 to 150 g/L, a leaching temperature of 50 to 80 ° C, a leaching time of 5 to 480 min, a stirring speed of 100 to 500 rpm, and a reducing agent of sodium sulfite. a combination of one or more of sulfurous acid, sodium thiosulfate or hydrogen peroxide;
  • step (3) The aluminum foil obtained in the step (2) is cleaned to obtain a clean aluminum foil and recycled;
  • the pre-separation slag obtained by the step (2) is ball-milled (the number of meshes of the ball milled sieve is 20 to 1000 mesh), and the primary and secondary leaching are performed, and the pre-leaching liquid, the primary leaching liquid, and the secondary leaching liquid are mixed and adjusted to pH.
  • the aluminum hydroxide and the cobalt-containing lithium residue were obtained by suction filtration.
  • the pre-separation slag ball milling time is 2 to 5 hours.
  • the leaching mixed acid is one or a mixture of organic and/or inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, etc., and the acid concentration of the leaching solution is 2 to 4 mol/L.
  • the mass percentage of the agent is 2 to 8%, dip
  • the S/L is 80-150 g/L
  • the leaching temperature is 50-80 ° C
  • the leaching time is 5-480 min
  • the stirring speed is 100-500 rpm
  • the reducing agent is sodium sulfite, sulfurous acid, sodium thiosulfate or hydrogen peroxide.
  • the cobalt-containing lithium-containing residual liquid obtained in the step (4) is adjusted in pH at a high temperature, and suction-filtered to obtain cobalt hydroxide and a lithium-containing residual liquid.
  • the solution for adjusting the pH at a high temperature is one or a mixture of sodium hydroxide and ammonia water, the alkali concentration is 0.1 to 10 mol/L, the stirring speed is 100 to 500 rpm, the stirring adjustment time is 2 to 12 hours, and the pH is adjusted. 10 to 90 ° C;
  • the lithium-containing residual liquid obtained in the step (5) is subjected to high-temperature concentration treatment, and a saturated sodium carbonate solution is added to obtain a white precipitate. After suction filtration, washing and drying, a high-purity lithium carbonate solid is obtained.
  • the precipitation temperature is 15 to 100 ° C
  • the stirring speed is 100 to 500 rpm
  • the stirring adjustment time is 2 to 12 hours
  • the molar ratio of the added carbonate ions to the lithium ions in the solution is 1 to 3:2
  • the temperature of the washing water is 90. ⁇ 100 °C.
  • the 200 g lithium battery positive waste was broken into pieces of 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm, the drying treatment temperature was 95 ° C, and the drying treatment time was 3 h;
  • Table 1 Composition of the metal elements of the cathode material of the used lithium ion battery
  • the positive electrode waste is pre-leached with a mixed acid of nitric acid, sulfuric acid (5 vol.%) and citric acid (35 vol.%) containing hydrogen peroxide and sodium sulfite as a reducing agent, and filtered to obtain an aluminum foil, a pre-separation slag and a pre-leaching liquid;
  • concentration is 3mol/L
  • the mass percentage of the reducing agent is 5%
  • the leaching S/L is 100g/L
  • the leaching temperature is 60°C
  • the leaching time is 120min
  • the stirring speed is 150rpm
  • the aluminum foil, the pre-separation slag and the pre-preparation are obtained.
  • Leachate The obtained aluminum foil is cleaned to obtain a clean aluminum foil;
  • pre-separation slag was ball milled (the mesh number of the ball milled sieve was 200 mesh), it was mixed with nitric acid, sulfuric acid (5 vol.%) and citric acid (35 vol.%) containing hydrogen peroxide and sodium sulfite as a reducing agent.
  • nitric acid, sulfuric acid (5 vol.%) and citric acid 35 vol.% containing hydrogen peroxide and sodium sulfite as a reducing agent.
  • the pre-leaching solution, the primary leaching solution, and the secondary leaching solution are mixed and adjusted to pH; and aluminum hydroxide (purity: 99.7%) and a cobalt-containing lithium-containing residual liquid are obtained by suction filtration.
  • the pre-separation slag ball milling time is 4h; the acid concentration is 3mol / L, the mass percentage of the reducing agent is 5%, the leaching S / L is 100g / L, the leaching temperature is 60 ° C, the leaching time is 200min, the stirring speed is 150 rpm;
  • the obtained cobalt-containing lithium-containing residual liquid was adjusted to pH 5 with sodium hydroxide at 70 ° C, and suction-filtered to obtain cobalt hydroxide (purity: 99.7%) and a lithium-containing residual liquid.
  • the alkali concentration is 1.5 mol / L, the stirring speed is 150 rpm, and the stirring adjustment time is 4 h;
  • the obtained lithium-containing residual liquid is concentrated at 90 ° C, and a saturated sodium carbonate solution is added to obtain a white precipitate.
  • a high-purity lithium carbonate solid (purity 99.94%) is obtained; the precipitation stirring speed is 150 rpm; stirring The conditioning time was 4 h; the molar ratio of carbonate ion addition to lithium ion in the solution was controlled to be 2:1; the water used for washing was 100 °C.
  • the 200 g lithium battery positive waste was broken into pieces of 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm, the drying treatment temperature was 105 ° C, and the drying treatment time was 4 h;
  • the positive electrode waste is pre-leached with a mixed acid of trichloroacetic acid and sulfuric acid (25 vol.%) containing hydrogen peroxide and sodium sulfite as a reducing agent, and filtered to obtain an aluminum foil, a pre-separation slag and a pre-dip; the acid concentration is 2.5 mol/L.
  • the reducing agent has a mass percentage of 3%, a leaching S/L of 80 g/L, a leaching temperature of 55 ° C, a leaching time of 80 min, and a stirring speed of 200 rpm; and an aluminum foil, a pre-separation slag and a pre-leaching liquid are obtained.
  • the obtained aluminum foil is cleaned to obtain a clean aluminum foil;
  • the primary and secondary leaching are carried out by using a mixed acid of trichloroacetic acid and sulfuric acid (25 vol.%) containing hydrogen peroxide and sodium sulfite as a reducing agent, and the pre-precipitation is carried out.
  • the leachate, the primary leachate, and the secondary leachate were mixed and adjusted to pH, and suction-filtered to obtain aluminum hydroxide (purity of 99.6%) and a cobalt-containing lithium residue.
  • the pre-separation slag ball milling time is 3h; the acid concentration is 2.5mol/L, the reducing agent mass percentage is 3%, the leaching S/L is 80g/L, the leaching temperature is 55°C, the leaching time is 80min, stirring The speed is 200 rpm;
  • the obtained cobalt-containing lithium-containing residual liquid was adjusted to pH 6 with sodium hydroxide at 50 ° C, and suction-filtered to obtain cobalt hydroxide (purity: 99.8%) and a lithium-containing residual liquid.
  • the alkali concentration is 1 mol / L
  • the stirring speed is 200 rpm
  • the stirring adjustment time is 2 h;
  • the obtained lithium-containing residual liquid is concentrated at 70 ° C, and a saturated sodium carbonate solution is added to obtain a white precipitate.
  • a high-purity lithium carbonate solid (purity 99.92%) is obtained; the precipitation stirring speed is 200 rpm; stirring The conditioning time was 2 h; the molar ratio of carbonate ion addition to lithium ion in the solution was controlled to be 1.5:1; and the water used for washing was 90 °C.
  • the present invention illustrates the process of the present invention by the above-described embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above process steps, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above process steps to be implemented. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the materials selected for the present invention, and the addition of the auxiliary ingredients, the selection of the specific means, etc., are all within the scope of the present invention.

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Abstract

一种废旧锂离子电池正极材料中金属组分的混酸浸出及回收方法,将废料粗碎、干燥处理,用含有还原剂的混合酸进行预浸出,得到的预分离渣球磨后进行一次、二次浸出,将一次浸出液、二次浸出液与预浸出液混合并调整pH值、抽滤得到氢氧化铝和含钴含锂余液,含钴含锂余液在高温下调整pH值、抽滤得到氢氧化钴和含锂余液,含锂余液高温浓缩,加入饱和碳酸钠溶液,得到高纯碳酸锂,铝箔回收;本工艺采用混合酸浸出剂,浸出效率高,可逐步获得高纯金属铝、氢氧化铝、氢氧化钴、高纯碳酸锂(纯度达99.9%),实现了废旧锂离子电池中高值金属的高效回收、整体回收、协同回收,具有良好的应用前景。

Description

一种废旧锂离子电池正极材料的混酸浸出及回收方法 技术领域
本发明属于二次资源回收利用和循环经济技术领域,尤其涉及一种废旧锂离子电池正极材料中金属组分的混酸浸出及回收方法。
背景技术
随着能源储藏和供应方式的革新,锂离子电池的应用范围变得更加广泛,其应用涉及到电子产品、汽车、航空航天等多个领域。新型锂离子电池的推广和使用克服了传统能源供应和储藏方式所带来的负面环境影响,降低了储能成本。然而根据国际技术联合会统计,移动电源设备锂离子电池的平均使用寿命仅为2~3年,电动汽车锂离子电池的平均寿命也只有5~8年。因此锂离子电池的广泛使用势必会产生数量可观的废旧电池产品,这些废旧电池含有多种重金属元素和有机电解液,如果不妥善处理就会导致严重的水、空气和土壤污染。另一方面,废旧电池含有锂、钴、锰、镍、铝等高值金属元素,其中钴和镍属于稀有贵金属,锂属于战略金属,均具有很高的回收价值。因此废旧锂离子电池的妥善处理和回收,不仅能够避免其对环境的危害,还能获得较好的经济效益。
目前,国内外研究人员对废旧锂离子电池的处理和回收开展了大量的研究和探讨,其中基于湿法冶金的处理方法具有回收效率高、流程简单、工艺易控等优点,获得了广泛的关注。专利CN102676827A公布了从镍钴锰酸锂电池回收有价金属的方法,通过溶剂超声处理和氧化酸浸获得了镍钴锰复合碳酸盐。CN105331819A公布了从废旧钴酸锂电池正极材料回收Co3O4的方法,通过有机酸浸和有机萃取实现了Co元素的分离和回收。CN103199230A公布了一种从废旧锂电池为原料逆向回收镍锰酸锂的工艺,通过使用醋酸盐络合剂和电解的方法首先获得镍锰氧化物,然后配入锂源煅烧得到镍锰酸锂。CN103400965A公布了一种废旧锂离子电池为原料逆向回收制备镍钴酸锂的工艺,并采用与专利CN103199230A相似的工艺制备镍钴酸锂。CN101599563A公布了一种高效回收废旧锂电池中正极活性材料的方法,通过改进的酸浸和碱液调节方法,获得了废旧电池中的铜、铝等金属材料。CN101212074A公开了一种锂离子电池正极材料 的回收方法,该方法采用机溶剂浸泡工艺回收正极材料中的有价元素。CN101217206A公开了废旧锂电池回收中集流体的高效剥离方法,该方法将废旧锂电池的电芯机械破碎至1~5cm,在150~600℃下进行热处理,热处理后的粉料通过振动筛分获得铜片和铝片。然后进一步用2~4%的NaOH溶液溶解筛上部分回收氢氧化铝。CN201310123337.7公开了一种组合使用碱液、有机酸及有机溶剂的方法获取废旧电池正极和负极材料的方法。CN201310123337.7和CN201510773893.8采用有机酸(有机羧酸)浸出实现了废旧电池中钴元素的分离和回收。CN201510242788.1采用含有还原剂的有机酸(有机羧酸)浸出方法,实现了废旧电池正极废料中金属元素的低成本分离。
已公布的废旧锂离子电池处理和回收方法主要利用碱浸、有机酸浸、碱-酸混合浸、有机酸-有机溶液组合浸等方法选择性或全部浸出电池正极材料中的金属元素,然后通过萃取、沉淀、置换、蒸馏等方法获得金属单质、金属化合物、正极材料等。经过严格的工艺参数控制,所述的工艺方法虽然能够回收获得金属产品,但处理和回收过程往往伴随着二次污染、浸出液要求高、产品纯度低、生产成本高昂、工艺流程复杂、工业放大困难等环境和技术问题。目前还没有在工业化级别实现废旧锂离子电池正极材料中有价金属的高效浸出及有效回收。
发明内容
针对现有废旧锂离子电池回收技术存在的不足,包括回收工艺复杂、回收效率低、浸出液要求高、伴随二次污染、难以将有价金属综合回收等问题,本发明旨在提供一种废旧锂离子电池正极材料中金属组分的混酸浸出及回收方法,所述方法能简单高效的浸出Li、Co离子,并回收获得高纯碳酸锂、氢氧化钴、氢氧化铝、纯铝等。本发明中的混合酸以及还原剂来源范围广,原料价格便宜,浸出效率高,回收工艺操作性强,流程简单,设备要求低,可逐步获得高纯铝金属、氢氧化铝、氢氧化钴、高纯碳酸锂(纯度达99.9%)。混合酸为有机和/或无机酸的一种或几种混合,因此浸出剂不限制为无机酸或有机酸。通过添加还原剂,大幅提高了混合酸浸出剂的浸出效率,实现了废旧锂离子电池中有价金属的高效综合回收,降低了处理成本,具有良好的应用前景。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种废旧锂离子电池正极材料中金属组分混酸浸出及回收方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将钴酸锂正极废料粗碎、干燥处理;
(2)用含有还原剂的混合酸对正极废料进行预浸出,过滤得到铝箔、预分离渣和预浸出液;
(3)步骤(2)得到的铝箔经过清洗后得到干净铝箔并回收利用;
(4)步骤(2)得到的预分离渣球磨后继续进行一次和二次浸出,将预浸出液、一次浸出液、二次浸出液混合并调整pH,抽滤得到氢氧化铝和含钴含锂余液;
(5)步骤(4)得到的含钴含锂余液在高温下调整pH,抽滤得到氢氧化钴和含锂余液;
(6)步骤(5)得到的含锂余液高温浓缩处理,加入饱和碳酸钠溶液,得到白色沉淀,在抽滤、洗涤、干燥后,得到高纯碳酸锂固体。
步骤(1)将钴酸锂正极废料破碎为1~20mm×1~20mm的碎片,干燥处理温度为50~200℃,干燥处理时间为2~24h;
优选的,将钴酸锂正极废料破碎为5~15mm×5~15mm的碎片;
优选的,干燥处理温度为75~175℃;
优选的,干燥处理时间为2~15h。
步骤(2)用含有还原剂的混合酸对正极废料进行预浸出,所述酸浓度为0.1~15mol/L,还原剂的质量百分含量为0.1~20%,浸出S/L为1~500g/L,浸出温度为5~100℃,浸出时间为5~480min,搅拌速度为0~2000rpm;
优选的,所述酸浓度为2~4mol/L;
优选的,所述混合酸为硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、乙酸有机和/或无机酸中的一种或几种混合;
优选的,所述还原剂的质量百分含量为2~8%;
优选的,所述还原剂为亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸、硫代硫酸钠或过氧化氢中的一种或者几种的组合;
优选的,所述浸出S/L为80~150g/L;
优选的,所述浸出温度为30~80℃;
优选的,所述搅拌速度为100~500rpm。
步骤(4)中球磨过筛的目数为20~1000目。
步骤(4)得到的球磨渣进行一次和二次浸出,所述酸浓度为0.1~15mol/L, 还原剂的质量百分含量为0.1~20%,浸出S/L为1~500g/L,浸出温度为5~100℃,浸出时间为5~480min,搅拌速度为0~2000rpm;所述混合酸为有机和/或无机酸中的一种或几种混合;
优选的,所述酸浓度为2~4mol/L;
优选的,所述混合酸优选为硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、乙酸中的一种或者几种;
优选的,所述还原剂的质量百分含量为2~8%;
优选的,所述还原剂为亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸、硫代硫酸钠或过氧化氢中的一种或者几种的组合;
优选的,所述浸出S/L为80~150g/L;
优选的,所述浸出温度为30~80℃;
优选的,所述搅拌速度为100~500rpm。
步骤(4)将预浸出液、一次浸出液、二次浸出液混合并将pH调整为3~9,抽滤得到氢氧化铝和含钴含锂余液;
优选的,所述pH调整为5~6。
步骤(5)将含钴含锂余液在高温下调整pH的碱溶液为氢氧化钠、氨水中的一种或两种的混合;搅拌速度为0~2000rpm;搅拌调节时间为0.5~72h;调节pH的温度为15~100℃;
优选的,所述碱溶液浓度为0.1~10mol/L;
优选的,所述搅拌速度为100~500rpm;
优选的,所述搅拌调节时间2~12h。
步骤(6)加入饱和碳酸钠溶液沉淀碳酸锂的反应中分离得到的碳酸锂的纯度高于99.9%;沉淀温度优选为15~100℃;沉淀搅拌速度优选为0~2000rpm;沉淀搅拌调节时间优选为0.5~72h;洗涤所用水的温度为30~100℃。
所述沉淀搅拌速度进一步优选为100~500rpm;
所述加入饱和碳酸钠溶液中碳酸根离子与溶液中锂离子的摩尔比优选为1~3:2。
作为优选的技术方案,所述正极材料中金属组分的混酸浸出和回收方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将锂电池正极废料破碎为5~15mm×5~15mm的碎片,干燥处理温度为 75~175℃,干燥处理时间为2~15h;
(2)用含有还原剂的混合酸对正极废料实行预浸出,过滤得到铝箔、预分离渣和预浸出液。所述混合酸为硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、乙酸等有机和/或无机酸的一种或几种混合,浸出液酸浓度为2~4mol/L,还原剂的质量百分含量为2~8%,浸出S/L为80~150g/L,浸出温度为50~80℃,浸出时间为5~480min,搅拌速度为100~500rpm,还原剂为亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸、硫代硫酸钠或过氧化氢中的一种或者几种的组合;
(3)步骤(2)得到的铝箔经过清洗后得到干净铝箔并回收利用;
(4)步骤(2)得到的预分离渣球磨(球磨过筛的目数为20~1000目)后并进行一次和二次浸出,将预浸出液、一次浸出液、二次浸出液混合并调整pH,抽滤得到氢氧化铝和含钴含锂余液;预分离渣球磨时间为2~5h。浸出液酸浓度为2~4mol/L,还原剂的质量百分含量为2~8%,浸出S/L为80~150g/L,浸出温度为50~80℃,浸出时间为5~480min,搅拌速度为100~500rpm,还原剂为亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸、硫代硫酸钠或过氧化氢中的一种或者几种的组合,混合酸为硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、乙酸等有机和/或无机酸的一种或几种混合;
(5)步骤(4)得到的含钴含锂余液在高温下调整pH,抽滤得到氢氧化钴和含锂余液。高温下调整pH的溶液为氢氧化钠、氨水中的一种或两种的混合,碱浓度为0.1~10mol/L,搅拌速度为100~500rpm,搅拌调节时间为2~12h,调节pH的温度为10~90℃;
(6)步骤(5)得到的含锂余液高温浓缩处理,加入饱和碳酸钠溶液,得到白色沉淀,在抽滤、洗涤、干燥后,得到高纯碳酸锂固体。沉淀温度为15~100℃,搅拌速度为100~500rpm,搅拌调节时间为2~12h,加入的碳酸根离子与溶液中锂离子的摩尔比例为1~3:2,洗涤所用水的温度为90~100℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明混合酸及还原剂来源范围广,原料价格便宜,浸出效率高。混酸及还原剂混合可有效浸出正极材料中的高值金属组分Li和Co。简化了现有技术各金属组分分离提纯的复杂流程,降低了生产成本;
(2)本发明涉及的混合酸为硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、 甲酸、乙酸等有机和/或无机酸的一种或几种混合。混酸浸出剂可采用有机和/或无机酸等混合方式制备,添加剂含量低,与单纯的有机酸浸出剂相比,原料门槛低;
(3)本发明提供的正极材料中金属组分综合回收方法操作性强,工艺流程简单,设备要求低,可分步获得高纯铝金属、氢氧化铝、氢氧化钴、高纯碳酸锂(纯度达99.9%)。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种废旧锂离子电池正极材料中金属组分混酸浸出及回收的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。领域的技术人员应该明了,所述的实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
一种废旧锂离子电池正极材料中金属组分混酸浸出及回收方法,如图1所示,所述优选的工艺包括如下步骤:
(1)将锂电池正极废料破碎为5~15mm×5~15mm的碎片,干燥处理温度为75~175℃,干燥处理时间为2~15h;
(2)用含有还原剂的混合酸对正极废料实行预浸出,过滤得到铝箔、预分离渣和预浸出液。所述混合酸为硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、乙酸等有机和/或无机酸的一种或几种混合,浸出液酸浓度为2~4mol/L,还原剂的质量百分含量为2~8%,浸出S/L为80~150g/L,浸出温度为50~80℃,浸出时间为5~480min,搅拌速度为100~500rpm,还原剂为亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸、硫代硫酸钠或过氧化氢中的一种或者几种的组合;
(3)步骤(2)得到的铝箔经过清洗后得到干净铝箔并回收利用;
(4)步骤(2)得到的预分离渣球磨后(球磨过筛的目数为20~1000目)并进行一次和二次浸出,将预浸出液、一次浸出液、二次浸出液混合并调整pH,抽滤得到氢氧化铝和含钴含锂余液。预分离渣球磨时间为2~5h。浸出混合酸为硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、乙酸等有机和/或无机酸的一种或几种混合,浸出液酸浓度为2~4mol/L,还原剂的质量百分含量为2~8%,浸 出S/L为80~150g/L,浸出温度为50~80℃,浸出时间为5~480min,搅拌速度为100~500rpm,还原剂为亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸、硫代硫酸钠或过氧化氢中的一种或者几种的组合;
(5)步骤(4)得到的含钴含锂余液在高温下调整pH,抽滤得到氢氧化钴和含锂余液。高温下调整pH的溶液为氢氧化钠、氨水中的一种或两种的混合,碱浓度为0.1~10mol/L,搅拌速度为100~500rpm,搅拌调节时间为2~12h,调节pH的温度为10~90℃;
(6)步骤(5)得到的含锂余液高温浓缩处理,加入饱和碳酸钠溶液,得到白色沉淀,在抽滤、洗涤、干燥后,得到高纯碳酸锂固体。沉淀温度为15~100℃,搅拌速度为100~500rpm,搅拌调节时间为2~12h,加入的碳酸根离子与溶液中锂离子的摩尔比例为1~3:2,洗涤所用水的温度为90~100℃。
实施例
本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,基于本发明中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创新性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
将200g锂电池正极废料破碎为10mm×10mm的碎片,干燥处理温度为95℃,干燥处理时间为3h;
表1废旧锂离子电池正极材料金属元素组成
金属 Co Ni Fe Mn Al Li
含量(wt.%) 15.33 11.27 8.9 7.4 3.05 2.96
用含有过氧化氢和亚硫酸钠为还原剂的硝酸、硫酸(5vol.%)和柠檬酸(35vol.%)混合酸对正极废料实行预浸出,过滤得到铝箔、预分离渣和预浸出液;所述酸浓度为3mol/L,还原剂的质量百分含量为5%,浸出S/L为100g/L,浸出温度为60℃,浸出时间为120min,搅拌速度为150rpm;得到铝箔、预分离渣与预浸出液。得到的铝箔经过清洗后得到干净铝箔;
得到的预分离渣球磨后(球磨过筛的目数为200目)用含有过氧化氢和亚硫酸钠为还原剂的硝酸、硫酸(5vol.%)和柠檬酸(35vol.%)混合酸对其进行一次和二次浸出,将预浸出液、一次浸出液、二次浸出液混合并调整pH;抽滤得到氢氧化铝(纯度99.7%)和含钴含锂余液。预分离渣球磨时间为4h;所述酸浓度为 3mol/L,还原剂的质量百分含量为5%,浸出S/L为100g/L,浸出温度为60℃,浸出时间为200min,搅拌速度为150rpm;
得到的含钴含锂余液在70℃下用氢氧化钠调整pH为5,抽滤得到氢氧化钴(纯度99.7%)和含锂余液。所述碱浓度为1.5mol/L,搅拌速度为150rpm,搅拌调节时间为4h;
得到的含锂余液90℃下浓缩处理,加入饱和碳酸钠溶液,得到白色沉淀,在抽滤、洗涤、干燥后,得到高纯碳酸锂固体(纯度99.94%);沉淀搅拌速度为150rpm;搅拌调节时间为4h;碳酸根离子加入量与溶液中锂离子的摩尔比例为控制为2:1;洗涤所用水的温度为100℃。
实施例2
将200g锂电池正极废料破碎为15mm×15mm的碎片,干燥处理温度为105℃,干燥处理时间为4h;
表2废旧锂离子电池正极材料金属元素组成
金属 Co Ni Fe Mn Al Li
含量(wt.%) 10.31 8.71 7.45 7.01 4.35 3.46
用含有过氧化氢和亚硫酸钠为还原剂的三氯乙酸和硫酸(25vol.%)混合酸对正极废料实行预浸出,过滤得到铝箔、预分离渣和预浸出液;所述酸浓度为2.5mol/L,还原剂的质量百分含量为3%,浸出S/L为80g/L,浸出温度为55℃,浸出时间为80min,搅拌速度为200rpm;得到铝箔、预分离渣与预浸出液。得到的铝箔经过清洗后得到干净铝箔;
得到的预分离渣球磨后(球磨过筛的目数为200目)用含有过氧化氢和亚硫酸钠为还原剂的三氯乙酸和硫酸(25vol.%)混合酸进行一次和二次浸出,将预浸出液、一次浸出液、二次浸出液混合并调整pH,抽滤得到氢氧化铝(纯度99.6%)和含钴含锂余液。预分离渣球磨时间为3h;所述酸浓度为2.5mol/L,还原剂的质量百分含量为3%,浸出S/L为80g/L,浸出温度为55℃,浸出时间为80min,搅拌速度为200rpm;
得到的含钴含锂余液在50℃下用氢氧化钠调整pH为6,抽滤得到氢氧化钴(纯度99.8%)和含锂余液。所述碱浓度为1mol/L,搅拌速度为200rpm,搅拌调节时间为2h;
得到的含锂余液70℃下浓缩处理,加入饱和碳酸钠溶液,得到白色沉淀,在抽滤、洗涤、干燥后,得到高纯碳酸锂固体(纯度99.92%);沉淀搅拌速度为200rpm;搅拌调节时间为2h;碳酸根离子加入量与溶液中锂离子的摩尔比例为控制为1.5:1;洗涤所用水的温度为90℃。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的工艺方法,但本发明并不局限于上述工艺步骤,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述工艺步骤才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明所选用原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于混合酸浸出的锂离子电池正极废料的回收方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    (1)将钴酸锂正极废料粗碎、干燥处理;
    (2)用含有还原剂的混合酸对正极废料进行预浸出,过滤得到铝箔、预分离渣和预浸出液;
    (3)步骤(2)得到的铝箔经过清洗后得到干净铝箔并回收利用;
    (4)步骤(2)得到的预分离渣球磨后继续进行一次和二次浸出,将预浸出液、一次浸出液、二次浸出液混合并调整pH,抽滤得到氢氧化铝和含钴含锂余液;
    (5)步骤(4)得到的含钴含锂余液在高温下调整pH,抽滤得到氢氧化钴和含锂余液;
    (6)步骤(5)得到的含锂余液高温浓缩处理,加入饱和碳酸钠溶液,得到白色沉淀,在抽滤、洗涤、干燥后,得到高纯碳酸锂固体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)将钴酸锂正极废料破碎为1~20mm×1~20mm的碎片,干燥处理温度为50~200℃,干燥处理时间为2~24h;优选的,将钴酸锂正极废料破碎为5~15mm×5~15mm的碎片;
    优选的,干燥处理温度为75~175℃;
    优选的,干燥处理时间为2~15h。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)用含有还原剂的混合酸对正极废料进行预浸出,所述酸浓度为0.1~15mol/L,还原剂的质量百分含量为0.1~20%,浸出S/L为1~500g/L,浸出温度为5~100℃,浸出时间为5~480min,搅拌速度为0~2000rpm;
    优选的,所述酸浓度为2~4mol/L;
    优选的,所述混合酸为硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、乙酸有机和/或无机酸中的一种或几种混合;
    优选的,所述还原剂的质量百分含量为2~8%;
    优选的,所述还原剂为亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸、硫代硫酸钠或过氧化氢中的一种或者几种的组合;
    优选的,所述浸出S/L为80~150g/L;
    优选的,所述浸出温度为30~80℃;
    优选的,所述搅拌速度为100~500rpm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中球磨过筛的目数为20~1000目。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)得到的球磨渣进行一次和二次浸出,所述酸浓度为0.1~15mol/L,还原剂的质量百分含量为0.1~20%,浸出S/L为1~500g/L,浸出温度为5~100℃,浸出时间为5~480min,搅拌速度为0~2000rpm;所述混合酸为有机和/或无机酸中的一种或几种混合;
    优选的,所述酸浓度为2~4mol/L;
    优选的,所述混合酸优选为硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、乙酸中的一种或者几种;
    优选的,所述还原剂的质量百分含量为2~8%;
    优选的,所述还原剂为亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸、硫代硫酸钠或过氧化氢中的一种或者几种的组合;
    优选的,所述浸出S/L为80~150g/L;
    优选的,所述浸出温度为30~80℃;
    优选的,所述搅拌速度为100~500rpm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)将预浸出液、一次浸出液、二次浸出液混合并将pH调整为3~9,抽滤得到氢氧化铝和含钴含锂余液;
    优选的,所述pH调整为5~6。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)将含钴含锂余液在高温下调整pH的碱溶液为氢氧化钠、氨水中的一种或两种的混合;搅拌速度为0~2000rpm;搅拌调节时间为0.5~72h;调节pH的温度为15~100℃;
    优选的,所述碱溶液浓度为0.1~10mol/L;
    优选的,所述搅拌速度为100~500rpm;
    优选的,所述搅拌调节时间2~12h。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)加入饱和碳酸钠溶液沉淀碳酸锂的反应中分离得到的碳酸锂的纯度高于99.9%;沉淀温度优选为15~100℃;沉淀搅拌速度优选为0~2000rpm;沉淀搅拌调节时间优选为0.5~72h;洗涤所用水的温度为30~100℃。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述方法,其特征在于,所述沉淀搅拌速度进一步优选为100~500rpm。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述加入饱和碳酸钠溶液中碳酸根离子与溶液中锂离子的摩尔比优选为1~3:2。
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