WO2016171120A1 - 無人航空機 - Google Patents
無人航空機 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016171120A1 WO2016171120A1 PCT/JP2016/062348 JP2016062348W WO2016171120A1 WO 2016171120 A1 WO2016171120 A1 WO 2016171120A1 JP 2016062348 W JP2016062348 W JP 2016062348W WO 2016171120 A1 WO2016171120 A1 WO 2016171120A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- emergency
- main body
- power source
- unmanned aircraft
- rotor blades
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
- B64C27/04—Helicopters
- B64C27/08—Helicopters with two or more rotors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C39/00—Aircraft not otherwise provided for
- B64C39/02—Aircraft not otherwise provided for characterised by special use
- B64C39/024—Aircraft not otherwise provided for characterised by special use of the remote controlled vehicle type, i.e. RPV
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D25/00—Emergency apparatus or devices, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plant in aircraft; Aircraft characterised thereby
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plant
- B64D27/24—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plant using steam, electricity, or spring force
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U20/00—Constructional aspects of UAVs
- B64U20/30—Constructional aspects of UAVs for safety, e.g. with frangible components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U10/00—Type of UAV
- B64U10/10—Rotorcrafts
- B64U10/13—Flying platforms
- B64U10/16—Flying platforms with five or more distinct rotor axes, e.g. octocopters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a safety device.
- a multicopter is a kind of helicopter, generally having three or more rotor blades, and flying by rotating these rotor blades simultaneously while maintaining a balance.
- a multicopter does not require a complicated mechanism on the rotor blade itself, so it is excellent in maintainability and can be configured at a lower cost.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an unmanned aerial vehicle capable of preventing the airframe from dropping rapidly even when normal flight cannot be performed for some reason.
- an unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention includes a plurality of rotor blades, and can be driven by an emergency power source that is different from the power source of the plurality of rotor blades and the power source.
- a wing an abnormality detection sensor for detecting an abnormality of the unmanned aircraft body, and an emergency control device, wherein the emergency control device detects an abnormality of the unmanned aircraft body
- the operations of the plurality of rotor blades are stopped, and the emergency rotor blades are driven by the emergency power source.
- the unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention includes an altitude sensor capable of measuring the altitude of the unmanned aircraft main body and operated by the emergency power source.
- the emergency control device includes the unmanned aircraft main body configured by the altitude sensor. It is preferable to adjust the number of rotations of the emergency rotor blades so as to obtain an optimum drop speed corresponding to the measured altitude.
- the unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention includes a distance measuring sensor that can measure a distance between the unmanned aircraft main body and the ground surface and that operates with the emergency power source, and the emergency control device includes the unmanned aircraft main body. It is preferable to adjust the number of revolutions of the emergency rotor so that the impact on landing of the unmanned aerial vehicle body is reduced when the distance sensor detects that it has approached a predetermined distance from the ground surface. .
- an emergency module in which the emergency power source and the emergency rotor blade are integrated is detachably fixed to the unmanned aircraft body, and the emergency module is separated. It is preferable that the unmanned aircraft main body is provided with a suspending means for suspending the unmanned aircraft body on the emergency module.
- the emergency module is fixed to an upper portion of the unmanned aircraft main body, and the suspension means is connected to a vertically lower portion of the center of gravity of the emergency module.
- the unmanned aircraft of the present invention is such that the emergency module and the unmanned aircraft main body are separated, whereby the power line or signal line of the unmanned aircraft main body is cut, and the plurality of rotor blades of the unmanned aircraft main body are disconnected. It is preferable that the operation stops.
- the unmanned aircraft of the present invention when the emergency module and the multicopter main body are separated, the power line or signal line of the multicopter main body is cut, and the operation of the rotor blades of the multicopter main body is stopped. It is preferable to form so as to.
- the unmanned aircraft of the present invention drives the emergency rotor blade by the power source during flight in normal times, and detects the abnormality of the multicopter body from the power source when the emergency power source is detected.
- the emergency rotor blades can be driven by switching to
- the present invention provides a plurality of emergency rotor blades driven by an emergency power source different from the power source of the unmanned aircraft body, an abnormality detection sensor for detecting an abnormality of the unmanned aircraft body, and an emergency control device,
- the abnormality detection sensor detects an abnormality of the unmanned aircraft main body
- the emergency control device stops the operation of the rotor blade and drives the emergency rotor blade by the emergency power source Therefore, according to the present invention, even if the unmanned aircraft main body becomes uncontrollable for some reason during the flight and the normal flight cannot be performed, it is possible to avoid a sudden drop of the aircraft.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a multicopter M which is an unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention.
- the multicopter M according to this embodiment includes four rotor blades P1 to P4 driven by a power source B such as a battery, and airframe control that manages the attitude and operation of the multicopter M during flight.
- a power source B such as a battery
- an emergency power source Be comprising a multicopter main body F (hereinafter also abbreviated as main body F) having the device C and the like, and a spare battery that is not used during normal operation, separate from the power source B
- main body F a multicopter main body F
- a spare battery that is not used during normal operation, separate from the power source B
- the abnormality detection sensor S2 is supplied with power from the power source B, and the abnormality detection sensor Se1 is supplied with power from the emergency power source Be.
- the reliability of the abnormality detection of the main body F is improved by making the abnormality detection sensors redundant.
- emergency equipment is modularized, and an emergency module E formed separately from the main body F is connected to the upper part of the main body F.
- the emergency module E is detachably fixed to the main body F.
- the multicopter M has suspension means (described later) made of a rope, a wire or the like so that the main body F is suspended by the emergency module E after the emergency module E is disconnected.
- a cutting device D is provided between the emergency module E and the main body F.
- the cutting device D is configured to be able to physically and quickly disconnect the emergency module E and the main body F in an emergency.
- the emergency module E includes an emergency power source Be, an emergency controller Ce, an abnormality detection sensor Se1, a distance measuring sensor Se2 that measures the distance from the ground surface, and a posture sensor Se3 that measures the inclination of the posture.
- Emergency rotor blades Pe1, Pe2 and the like are provided.
- the main body F includes a plurality of rotor blades P1 to P4 connected by a support housing, a power source B that supplies power to each equipment of the main body F, an attitude measurement sensor S1 for measuring the attitude of the airframe, An anomaly detection sensor S2 for detecting an anomaly of the airframe, an airframe controller C that controls the attitude and movement of the airframe by adjusting the rotation speed of the rotor blades P1 to P4, and receives the anomaly of the airframe from the anomaly detection sensor S2 Is provided.
- the emergency control device Ce receives an abnormality detection signal from the abnormality detection sensor S2 or the abnormality detection sensor Se1 and controls emergency rotor blades Pe1 and Pe2 for controlling the descending speed in an emergency. It has a function as a crash prevention device.
- the emergency rotor blades Pe1 and Pe2 are formed so as to rotate reversely to each other during operation in order to prevent the airframe itself from rotating.
- the plurality of emergency rotor blades Pe1 and Pe2 are designed to support the weight of the entire fuselage with their lift.
- the emergency control device Ce stops the rotation by stopping the operation of the rotor blades P1 to P4 by notifying the emergency control device Ce. Further, the emergency control device Ce performs control to drive the emergency rotor blades Pe1 and Pe2 by the emergency power source Be in order to prevent the multicopter M from being suddenly dropped. By rotating the emergency rotor blades Pe1 and Pe2 to generate lift, it is possible to prevent the multicopter main body F from dropping suddenly.
- the abnormality of the main body F detected by the abnormality detection sensors S2 and Se1 is an abnormality of a control device and sensors for controlling the posture, an abnormality of a motor for rotating a rotor blade, an abnormality of a power source such as a battery, an abnormality of connection, Abnormal flight conditions such as abnormal vibration of the aircraft, abnormal posture, sudden drop, etc. due to wing damage, missing parts, etc. occur.
- the abnormality detection sensors S2 and Se1 have a mechanism for detecting the attitude and vibration of the aircraft, acceleration of movement, and the like. From these values, the abnormal abnormality of the aircraft, the continuous abnormal vibration of the aircraft, and the freedom of the aircraft It is possible to detect a sudden drop close to a drop, a continuous abnormal speed of the aircraft, and the like. Then, when it is detected that these values are out of the pre-defined range or have exceeded the pre-defined duration range, an abnormality has occurred in the main body F. Judgment can be made.
- any abnormality detection sensor may be used as long as it has a function of detecting the abnormality described above.
- the abnormality detection sensor S2 of the main body F and the abnormality detection sensor Se1 of the emergency module E are, for example, a current meter provided in the rotor blades P1 to P4, and a voltmeter capable of measuring the voltage of the power source B. Further, it can be constituted by a fuel gauge or the like capable of measuring the remaining fuel amount of the power source B.
- the machine control device C of the main body F detects the motor abnormality from the correlation between the set rotational speed and the consumption current, and the power source is depleted from the voltage value or the fuel gauge, or the performance is deteriorated by comparing with a predetermined reference value. Equipped with a mechanism for detecting a fault and a mechanism for detecting a continuous communication abnormality with each connected sensor, etc., so that an abnormality of the aircraft can be detected and notified to the emergency control device Ce Has been.
- the emergency rotors Pe1 and Pe2, the emergency control device Ce, the abnormality detection sensor Se1, the distance measuring sensor Se2, the attitude sensor Se3, the cutting device D, and the like are connected to receive power from the emergency power source Be. .
- the rotor blades P1 to P4, the airframe control device C, the attitude measurement sensor S1, the abnormality detection sensor S2, and the like are connected so as to be supplied with power from the power source B during normal times.
- the emergency control device Ce is connected to the machine control device C of the main body F via a communication network (not shown). Further, the abnormality detection sensor S2 of the main body F is connected to the airframe control device C via a communication network, and the abnormality detection sensor Se1 of the emergency module E is connected to the emergency control device Ce via a communication network (not shown). These sensors provide information to the emergency control device Ce.
- the emergency control device Ce When the emergency control device Ce receives a signal indicating an abnormality of the aircraft from the abnormality detection sensor Se1, the emergency control device Ce transmits a signal for instructing a function stop to the aircraft control device C connected via the communication network.
- the emergency control device Ce adjusts the descent speed of the multicopter during emergency landing by controlling the rotation speed of the emergency rotor blades Pe1 and Pe2 based on the distance information to the ground surface of the distance measuring sensor Se2. It can be adjusted to an appropriate fall speed. Further, the distance information to the ground surface may be obtained using an altitude sensor or the like instead of the distance measuring sensor Se2.
- the emergency controller Ce controls the rotation of the emergency rotor so as to reduce the speed. As a result, the impact at the time of landing of the multicopter main body F can be reduced.
- the emergency controller Ce determines that the main body F has reached the ground surface when the attitude sensor Se3 is tilted beyond a predetermined angle, and gently stops the rotation of the emergency rotor blades Pe1 and Pe2. Thereby, the damage of the emergency module E can be made lighter.
- the emergency controller Ce quickly stops the rotation of the emergency rotor blades Pe1 and Pe2, so that the emergency rotor blades Pe1 and Pe2 damage surrounding objects. This can be prevented.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams showing a state in which a forced shutdown device is provided.
- the main body F can be provided with a forced shutdown device Ds that forcibly stops the operation of the main body F.
- the forced shutdown device Ds is connected to receive power from the emergency power source Be.
- the forced shutdown device Ds can be configured as a mechanism for cutting off the communication network between the airframe control device C and each equipment in the main body F such as the rotor blades P1 to P4.
- the forced shutdown device Ds can also be configured as a mechanism that cuts off the power line between the power source B and each equipment such as the rotor blades P1 to P4 in the main body F, for example.
- the function of the multicopter main body F can be forcibly stopped after waiting for a predetermined time. Even when there is no communication network with the airframe control device C, or when there is no response to the function stop instruction, the function shutdown of the main body F can be surely performed with the forced shutdown device Ds. .
- the emergency control device Ce controls the emergency rotor blades Pe1 and Pe2 to rotate at a predetermined rotational speed.
- an abnormality notification is received from the machine control device C, so that an abnormality in the aircraft is detected and an emergency situation occurs. It can be determined that it occurred.
- the emergency control device Ce determines an emergency situation, it sends an operation signal to the cutting device D and controls the emergency module E and the main body F to be physically separated.
- connection structure between the main body F and the emergency module E is not particularly limited, and various means can be used.
- the main body F and the emergency module E are usually fixed integrally.
- the cutting device D only needs to have a structure in which the fixing is released in the event of an emergency and the two can be separated.
- the cutting device D include, for example, a method of unlocking a fixture that fixes the main body F and the emergency module E by an electromagnetic mechanism, and an airbag used for ensuring the collision safety of a vehicle.
- a means for destroying the connection structure using an explosion caused by a small amount of explosives are examples of the cutting device D.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the main body is suspended from the emergency module by the operation of the multi-copter crash prevention device of FIG.
- the emergency module E and the main body F after being separated are connected by a hanging means such as a cable or a wire, and the emergency module E and the main body F are physically connected.
- the main body F is formed to be suspended from the emergency module E.
- the suspending means a cable or wire having sufficient strength to withstand the weight of the main body F is used.
- the suspension means is configured such that when the main body F is suspended from the emergency module E, one end of the cable or wire is connected to a vertically lower part of the center of gravity of the emergency module E.
- the power line or signal line of the main body F is disconnected and the operation of the rotor blades of the main body F is stopped.
- the same function as the forced shutdown device Ds described above can be realized.
- the power line or signal line is fitted and connected with a connector or the like, and when the main body F and the emergency module E are disconnected, the force that pulls the line up and down due to gravity or the like is used.
- the power line or the signal line may be electrically disconnected so that the connector is disengaged.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a mechanism for removing the connector when the multicopter main body of FIG. 1 is detached.
- the wire in which the wire W1 and the wire W2 are connected by the connector CN1 and the connector CN2 is the wire It is arranged in parallel with We.
- the total length after the wire W1 and the wire W2 are connected is shorter than the length of the wire We.
- the signal line SL1 is connected to the connector CN1, and the signal line SL2 is connected to the connector CN2.
- the signal line SL1 and the signal line SL2 are in an electrically connected state, and the main body F is normally operated by the signal line.
- the main body F and the emergency module E are separated, the main body F is suspended from the emergency module E by the wire We. Since the lengths of the wire W1 and the wire W2 are shorter than the wire We, the connector CN1 and the connector CN2 are pulled in the vertical direction due to the weight of the main body F or the like to be disengaged.
- the connector CN1 and the connector CN2 are disconnected, the electrical connection between the signal line SL1 and the signal line SL2 is cut.
- the signal line SL1 and the signal line SL2 are disconnected, the signal line stops functioning, the function of the main body F is forcibly shut down, and the operations of the rotor blades P1 to P4 and the like are also stopped.
- the signal line or the power line of the multicopter is automatically disconnected, so that the rotor blade P1 of the main body F is automatically cut. Since all the functions including P4 can be stopped, the main body F can be used even when the main body control device C, attitude measurement sensor S1, abnormality detection sensor S2, forced shutdown device Ds, etc. are out of order. However, it is possible to suppress an operation that continues abnormal movement or damages the emergency module E.
- the multicopter may be configured to drive and rotate the emergency rotor blades Pe1 and Pe2 using the normal power source B during normal flight. Then, when a failure or abnormality of the main body F is detected, the normal power source C may be switched to the emergency power source Ce, and the emergency rotor blades Pe1 and Pe2 may be driven to rotate. As a result, during the flight in normal time, the emergency rotor can be allowed to bear a part of the necessary lift, and thus efficient flight is possible.
- the motor of the rotary wing used for normal flight has a characteristic that the reaction speed is fast and precise rotation speed control is possible.
- the motors for the emergency rotor blades Pe1 and Pe2 have a characteristic of generating stable lift. Due to such a difference in characteristics, the rotor blades P1 to P4 used for normal flight have lower power efficiency than the emergency rotor blades Pe1 and Pe2.
- the power efficiency is improved.
- the normal rotors P1 to P4 and their motors can be lighter and cheaper.
- a general configuration such as a backup power source can be used as means for instantaneously switching the connection of a plurality of power sources during normal times and emergencies to the emergency rotor blades without affecting each other.
- emergency equipment is gathered at the top and modularized to form the emergency module E.
- the emergency equipment is not gathered at the top. Is also possible.
- the main body F includes four rotor blades, but the present invention can include any number of rotor blades.
- the arrangement of the rotor blades is also an example, and can be equipped with various layouts.
- the emergency module E includes two emergency rotor blades, but the present invention can include any number of emergency rotor blades equal to or greater than two.
- the arrangement of the emergency rotor blades is also an example, and can be equipped with various layouts.
- the present invention is applicable to multicopters.
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- 複数の回転翼を備える無人航空機であって、
前記複数の回転翼の動力源と、
前記動力源とは別の緊急用動力源により駆動可能な緊急用回転翼と、
前記無人航空機本体の異常を検知するための異常検知センサと、
緊急時制御装置と、を備え、
前記緊急時制御装置は、前記異常検知センサが前記無人航空機本体の異常を検知したときに、前記複数の回転翼の動作を停止すると共に、前記緊急用動力源により前記緊急用回転翼を駆動させることを特徴とする無人航空機。 - 前記無人航空機本体の高度を測定可能であり、前記緊急用動力源で作動する高度センサを有し、
前記緊急時制御装置は、前記無人航空機本体が前記高度センサにより測定された高度に応じた最適な落下速度になるように、前記緊急用回転翼の回転数を調節することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の無人航空機。 - 前記無人航空機本体の着地を検知可能であり、前記緊急用動力源で作動する姿勢センサを有し、
前記緊急時制御装置は、前記姿勢センサにより前記無人航空機本体の着地を検知したときに、前記緊急用回転翼の回転を停止させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の無人航空機。 - 前記無人航空機本体と地表との距離を測定可能であり、前記緊急用動力源で作動する測距センサを有し、
前記緊急時制御装置は、前記無人航空機本体が地表と所定の距離まで近づいたことを前記測距センサにより検知したときに、前記無人航空機本体の着地の際の衝撃を緩和するように、前記緊急用回転翼の回転数を調節することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の無人航空機。 - 前記緊急用動力源と前記緊急用回転翼とが一体化された緊急用モジュールが、前記無人航空機本体に切り離し可能に固定されており、
前記緊急用モジュールの切り離し後に、前記無人航空機本体が前記緊急用モジュールに吊り下げられた状態とするための吊り下げ手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の無人航空機。 - 前記緊急用モジュールが前記無人航空機本体の上部に固定され、
前記緊急用モジュールの重心の鉛直下部に前記吊り下げ手段が接続されていることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の無人航空機。 - 前記緊急用モジュールと前記無人航空機本体とが切り離されることにより、前記無人航空機本体の動力線又は信号線が切断され、前記無人航空機本体の前記複数の回転翼の動作が停止することを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載の無人航空機。
- 平時の飛行の際は、前記動力源により前記緊急用回転翼を駆動させ、
前記無人航空機本体の異常を検知した際は、前記動力源から前記緊急用動力源に切り替えて前記緊急用回転翼を駆動させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の無人航空機。
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JP2017514125A JP6208402B2 (ja) | 2015-04-19 | 2016-04-19 | 無人航空機 |
US15/566,660 US10427781B2 (en) | 2015-04-19 | 2016-04-19 | Unmanned aerial vehicle |
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JP6208402B2 (ja) | 2017-10-04 |
JPWO2016171120A1 (ja) | 2017-08-17 |
US10427781B2 (en) | 2019-10-01 |
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