WO2015178398A1 - 脳内のアミロイドβペプチド蓄積状態を評価するサロゲート・バイオマーカー及びその分析方法 - Google Patents
脳内のアミロイドβペプチド蓄積状態を評価するサロゲート・バイオマーカー及びその分析方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015178398A1 WO2015178398A1 PCT/JP2015/064386 JP2015064386W WO2015178398A1 WO 2015178398 A1 WO2015178398 A1 WO 2015178398A1 JP 2015064386 W JP2015064386 W JP 2015064386W WO 2015178398 A1 WO2015178398 A1 WO 2015178398A1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
- G01N33/6896—Neurological disorders, e.g. Alzheimer's disease
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/5308—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for analytes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. nucleic acids, uric acid, worms, mites
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/46—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- G01N2333/47—Assays involving proteins of known structure or function as defined in the subgroups
- G01N2333/4701—Details
- G01N2333/4709—Amyloid plaque core protein
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/52—Predicting or monitoring the response to treatment, e.g. for selection of therapy based on assay results in personalised medicine; Prognosis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/56—Staging of a disease; Further complications associated with the disease
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surrogate biomarker that belongs to the fields of neuroscience and clinical medicine and evaluates the accumulation state of amyloid / ⁇ peptide (A ⁇ ) in the brain, and an analysis method thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a surrogate for evaluating the A ⁇ accumulation state in the brain using as an index the level of A ⁇ and A ⁇ -like peptides in biological samples produced by the degradation of amyloid precursor protein (AAPP).
- AAPP amyloid precursor protein
- the present invention relates to a biomarker and an analysis method thereof.
- the biomarker of the present invention is a marker for Alzheimer's disease, which is used for pre-diagnosis diagnosis, onset prevention intervention (such as preemptive drug administration) subjects, and evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic and preventive drugs.
- Alzheimer's disease is a major cause of dementia, accounting for 50-60% of all dementia.
- a ⁇ is thought to be deeply involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease.
- a ⁇ is a transmembrane protein produced by proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) consisting of 770 amino acids by ⁇ -secretase and ⁇ -secretase (see FIG. 1).
- APP amyloid precursor protein
- Non-patent Document 2 A ⁇ -like peptides having different lengths between A ⁇ 1-40 and A ⁇ 1-42 also exist in CSF.
- Alzheimer's disease is potentially onset and progresses slowly. Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease includes cognitive function tests such as ADAS-cog, MMSE, DemTect, SKT, or clock drawing tests to investigate clinical symptoms, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) ) And other image findings.
- MRI nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
- PET positron emission tomography
- MRI is a diagnostic imaging method that can detect degenerative atrophy of the brain, but brain atrophy is not specific for Alzheimer's disease.
- PiB-PET an image diagnostic method for visualizing the retention of a ligand molecule (PiB: Pittsburgh compound-B) that specifically detects A ⁇ deposition.
- Thioflavin T-analogue (11C) PiB was found to reflect A ⁇ that gradually accumulates in specific areas of the brain of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild Alzheimer's disease It is an optimal tool for detecting A ⁇ deposits. From autopsy pathological findings of Alzheimer's disease, it is known that many senile plaques have already accumulated even in cases of mild cognitive decline. From this, it is speculated that aggregation and deposition of A ⁇ may begin long before dementia becomes apparent, and findings supporting PiB-PET have also been reported. However, PET inspection requires large-scale equipment, and the cost of a single inspection is high, making it unsuitable as a method that can be widely visited by the public.
- CSF biomarkers are useful indicators that can detect the onset and progression of disease at the molecular level.
- a decrease in the concentration of A ⁇ 1-42 in CSF a decrease in the concentration ratio of A ⁇ 1-42 / A ⁇ 1-40, and an increase in total tau value or phosphorylated tau value are reported to be useful diagnostic markers ( Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-19844, Non-Patent Document 3).
- CSF collection is highly invasive and is not suitable as a method that can be widely visited by the public.
- a ⁇ 1-42 present in blood may be a diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease, but unlike the behavior of A ⁇ 1-42 in CSF, the concentration of A ⁇ 1-42 in blood It has been reported that there is a low relevance between the development of Alzheimer's disease and non-patent document 3). The cause has not been elucidated.
- Patent Document 2 JP 2013-63976 A discloses a monoclonal antibody that does not recognize a soluble A ⁇ monomer and specifically binds only to a soluble A ⁇ oligomer, and a method for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease using the antibody Is disclosed. [0104] of the same publication discloses a method for determining that a subject is a candidate for Alzheimer's disease when the ratio of A ⁇ oligomer to A ⁇ monomer in the sample of the subject is higher than that of healthy subjects. Yes.
- Non-Patent Document 4 discloses that 22 types of APP-derived A ⁇ and A ⁇ -like peptides exist in human plasma by a combination of an immunoprecipitation method and a mass spectrometer. A method for quantifying these A ⁇ and A ⁇ -like peptides is also disclosed.
- a test method using a biomarker present in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as an index is an effective method that can easily detect the onset and progression of a disease at a molecular level.
- CSF cerebrospinal fluid
- Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 3 in Alzheimer's disease, the concentration of A ⁇ 1-42 and the concentration ratio of A ⁇ 1-42 / A ⁇ 1-40 in CSF decreases, and the total tau value or phosphorylated tau value increases. Are reported to be useful diagnostic markers.
- Non-Patent Document 3 reports that unlike CSF A ⁇ 1-42, the relationship between the blood A ⁇ 1-42 concentration and the onset of AD is low.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a biomarker for evaluating the A ⁇ accumulation state in the brain using an amyloid precursor protein (APP) -derived peptide in a biological sample as an index, and an analysis method thereof.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a biomarker for evaluating the A ⁇ accumulation state in the brain using A ⁇ and A ⁇ -like peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) in a blood sample as an index, and an analysis method thereof.
- the object of the present invention relates to Alzheimer's disease, markers for use in pre-onset diagnosis, onset prevention intervention (such as preemptive drug administration) subjects, and evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic and preventive drugs, and the like It is to provide the analysis method.
- a ⁇ is used as an abbreviation for amyloid ⁇ peptide. That is, “A ⁇ ” includes A ⁇ 1-40 and A ⁇ 1-42.
- a peptide other than the A ⁇ produced by cleaving amyloid precursor protein (Amyloid precursor protein; APP) may be referred to as an A ⁇ -like peptide.
- a ⁇ and A ⁇ -like peptides generated by cleaving amyloid precursor protein (Amyloid precursor protein; APP) may be referred to as “APP-derived peptides”.
- the present invention includes the following inventions.
- a biological sample derived from a test subject APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) (SEQ ID NO: 6); APP669-711 (SEQ ID NO: 7), APP672-709 (A ⁇ 1-38) (SEQ ID NO: 1), APP674-711 (A ⁇ 3-40) (SEQ ID NO: 2), APP672-710 (A ⁇ 1-39) (SEQ ID NO: 3) , APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40) (SEQ ID NO: 4), and OxAPP672-711 (OxA ⁇ 1-40) (SEQ ID NO: 5).
- APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in the sample From APP669-711, APP672-709 (A ⁇ 1-38), APP674-711 (A ⁇ 3-40), APP672-710 (A ⁇ 1-39), APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40), and OxAPP672-711 (OxA ⁇ 1-40)
- a blood sample derived from the test subject is subjected to detection of a marker containing APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) (SEQ ID NO: 6), and the measurement level of APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in the blood sample is determined. Measuring process to obtain; The measured level of the APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) of the subject to be tested is the level of the APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) of a normal cognitive function NC-negative in which the accumulation of A ⁇ in the brain is negative.
- An evaluation step for determining that the accumulated amount of A ⁇ in the brain of the test subject is larger than the accumulated amount of A ⁇ in the brain of the normal cognitive function NC-, when lower than the reference level; Analysis method for determining the A ⁇ accumulation state in the brain.
- APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) (SEQ ID NO: 6); APP669-711 (SEQ ID NO: 7), APP672-709 (A ⁇ 1-38) (SEQ ID NO: 1), APP674-711 (A ⁇ 3-40) (SEQ ID NO: 2), APP672-710 (A ⁇ 1-39) (SEQ ID NO: 3) , APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40) (SEQ ID NO: 4), and OxAPP672-711 (OxA ⁇ 1-40) (SEQ ID NO: 5).
- APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in the sample From APP669-711, APP672-709 (A ⁇ 1-38), APP674-711 (A ⁇ 3-40), APP672-710 (A ⁇ 1-39), APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40), and OxAPP672-711 (OxA ⁇ 1-40)
- the level of the marker basically means the concentration, but may be other units used by those skilled in the art according to the concentration.
- Test subjects include humans and non-human mammals (rats, dogs, cats, etc.).
- a biological sample is discarded, without returning to the test subject (for example, test subject) of origin.
- Medical intervention includes administration of therapeutic and preventive drugs, diet, exercise therapy, learning therapy, surgery, and the like.
- APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) (SEQ ID NO: 6), APP669-711 (SEQ ID NO: 7), APP672-709 (A ⁇ 1-38) (SEQ ID NO: 1), APP674 in a sample derived from a living body.
- a marker for determining the A ⁇ accumulation state in the brain of a subject to be tested comprising a combination with at least one selected from the group consisting of (SEQ ID NO: 5) is provided.
- a method for analyzing the marker is provided.
- the present invention is not limited to Alzheimer's disease progression stage in which A ⁇ is excessively accumulated in the brain and cognitive dysfunction appears, but Alzheimer's disease in which A ⁇ is excessively accumulated in the brain but cognitive dysfunction does not appear It can also be applied to early detection.
- CSF cerebrospinal fluid
- urine body secretion, feces, saliva, and sputum
- sputum can be used as the biological sample. Therefore, at the stage where Alzheimer's disease prevention methods and preemptive treatments have been established, Alzheimer's disease can be obtained by analyzing the accumulation state of A ⁇ in the brain even for those with normal cognitive function in general health checkups and clinical examinations. It is effective for pre-onset diagnosis.
- the present invention is applied before and after medical intervention performed on a test subject, it is possible to evaluate the efficacy of Alzheimer's disease therapeutic agents and preventive agents, or the effectiveness of other treatments.
- the present invention is also useful for the follow-up of Alzheimer's disease patients.
- FIG. 2 shows the strength of APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) against the internal standard SIL-A ⁇ 1-38 in each group (NC ⁇ , NC +, MCI, AD) for APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42). It is a box-and-whisker diagram showing a ratio (Intensity ratio).
- 3A and 3B show the receiver operating characteristics (Receiver) of each group (NC +, MCI) with respect to the NC-group for APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) / SIL-A ⁇ 1-38, respectively.
- FIGS. 4C and 4D are Operatorating Characteristic (ROC) curve.
- 4C and 4D are ROC curves of each group (AD, PiB +) with respect to the NC-group for APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) / SIL-A ⁇ 1-38, respectively.
- FIG. 5 shows a box-and-whisker showing the intensity ratio (Intensity ratio) of APP672-709 (A ⁇ 1-38) to APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in each group (NC ⁇ , NC +, MCI, AD).
- FIG. 6A and 6B show the ROC curve of each group (NC +, MCI) with respect to the NC-group for APP672-709 (A ⁇ 1-38) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), respectively. is there.
- FIG. 7C and 7D show the ROC curve of each group (AD, PiB +) with respect to the NC-group for APP672-709 (A ⁇ 1-38) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), respectively. is there.
- FIG. 8 is a box-and-whisker showing the intensity ratio (Intensity ratio) of APP674-711 (A ⁇ 3-40) to APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in each group (NC ⁇ , NC +, MCI, AD).
- FIG. 9A and 9B show the ROC curve of each group (NC +, MCI) for NC-group for APP674-71167 (A ⁇ 3-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), respectively. is there.
- FIGS. 10D are respectively the ROC curves of each group (AD, PiB +) for the NC-group for APP674-711APP (A ⁇ 3-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42). is there.
- FIG. 11 shows a box-and-whisker indicating the intensity ratio (Intensity ratio) of APP672-710 (A ⁇ 1-39) to APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in each group (NC ⁇ , NC +, MCI, AD).
- FIG. 12A and 12B show the ROC curve of each group (NC +, MCI) with respect to the NC-group for APP672-710 (A ⁇ 1-39) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), respectively. is there.
- FIG. 13C and 13D show the ROC curve of each group (AD, PiB +) with respect to the NC-group for APP672-710 (A ⁇ 1-39) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), respectively. is there.
- FIG. 14 shows a box-and-whisker showing the intensity ratio (Intensity ratio) of APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40) to APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in each group (NC ⁇ , NC +, MCI, AD).
- FIG. 15A and 15B show the ROC curve of each group (NC +, MCI) with respect to NC-group for APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), respectively. is there.
- FIGS. 18A and 18B are ROC curves of each group (NC +, MCI) with respect to the NC-group for OxAPP672-711 (OxA ⁇ 1-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), respectively. is there.
- FIG. 17 shows a box whisker showing the intensity ratio (Intensity ratio) of OxAPP672-711 (OxA ⁇ 1-40) to APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in each group (NC ⁇ , NC +, MCI, AD).
- FIGS. 18A and 18B are ROC curves of each group (NC +, MCI) with respect to the NC-group for OxAPP672-711 (OxA ⁇ 1-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), respectively. is there.
- FIG. 19C and FIG. 19D are ROC curves of each group (AD, PiB +) with respect to the NC-group for OxAPP672-711 (OxA ⁇ 1-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), respectively. is there.
- FIG. 20 is a box-and-whisker diagram showing the intensity ratio of APP669-711 to APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in each group (NC ⁇ , NC +, MCI, AD).
- FIGS. 21A and 21B are ROC curves of each group (NC +, MCI) with respect to the NC-group for APP669-711 / APP672-713- (A ⁇ 1-42), respectively.
- FIG. 22C and 22D are ROC curves of each group (AD, PiB +) with respect to the NC-group for APP669-711 / APP672-713- (A ⁇ 1-42), respectively.
- FIG. 23 is a scatter diagram of PiB accumulation average values (mcSUVR: mean cortical Standard Uptake Value Ratio) and APP669-711 / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in all 62 cases.
- the established ellipse (p 0.95) is shown by a curve.
- test subjects include humans and non-human mammals (rats, dogs, cats, etc.).
- non-human mammals rats, dogs, cats, etc.
- test subjects include humans and non-human mammals (rats, dogs, cats, etc.).
- non-human mammals rats, dogs, cats, etc.
- the case of a human will be mainly described, but the same applies to a mammal other than a human.
- any person can be used as a test subject, including those who are considered to be healthy persons, regardless of their medical history.
- it is possible to determine the accumulation state of A ⁇ in the brain preferably by a blood test, in general medical checkups and medical checkups, and is particularly effective for early detection and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. is there.
- cognitive function tests such as ADAS-cog, MMSE, DemTect, SKT, or clock drawing test to examine clinical symptoms
- images such as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET)
- MRI nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
- PET positron emission tomography
- the marker of the present invention can be detected and analyzed in a biological sample of a subject. Therefore, in the method of the present invention, the level of the marker in the biological sample of the subject is analyzed.
- the biological sample can be selected from body fluids such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, body secretions, saliva and sputum; and feces.
- body fluids such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, body secretions, saliva and sputum; and feces.
- CSF cerebrospinal fluid
- urine body secretions
- saliva saliva and sputum
- feces feces.
- blood is preferable for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and pre-onset diagnosis in general health checkups and medical checkups.
- Blood samples are samples that are directly used for the marker level measurement process, and include whole blood, plasma, and serum.
- a blood sample can be prepared by appropriately treating whole blood collected from a test subject.
- the process performed when preparing a blood sample from the collected whole blood is not particularly limited, and any clinically acceptable process may be performed. For example, centrifugation can be performed.
- the blood sample to be subjected to the measurement process may be one that has been appropriately stored at a low temperature such as freezing in the middle of the preparation process or at a later stage of the preparation process.
- a biological sample such as a blood sample is discarded without returning to the original subject.
- the markers of the present invention include APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) (SEQ ID NO: 6), APP669-711 (SEQ ID NO: 7), APP672-709 (A ⁇ 1-38) (SEQ ID NO: 1), APP674 in biological samples.
- These markers are significant between the levels in plasma samples from normal cognitively functional individuals with negative A ⁇ accumulation in the brain and the levels in plasma samples from subjects with excessive accumulation of A ⁇ in the brain. The difference is recognized.
- APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) (SEQ ID NO: 6): DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA APP669-711 (SEQ ID NO: 7): VKMDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV APP672-709 (A ⁇ 1-38) (SEQ ID NO: 1): DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGG APP674-711 (A ⁇ 3-40) (SEQ ID NO: 2): EFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV APP672-710 (A ⁇ 1-39) (SEQ ID NO: 3): DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGV APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40) (SEQ ID NO: 4): DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV Ox
- Amyloid precursor protein is a single-membrane transmembrane protein consisting of 770 amino acids. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is proteolyzed by ⁇ -secretase and ⁇ -secretase, and amyloid beta peptide (A ⁇ ) is produced by proteolysis. APP672-713 and A ⁇ 1-42 represent the same peptide (SEQ ID NO: 6). APP672-711 and A ⁇ 1-40 represent the same peptide (SEQ ID NO: 4).
- amino acid sequences of APP-derived peptides are shown in Table 1, and the theoretical average mass is shown in Table 2. Using these peptides as targets, analysis of markers for determining the A ⁇ accumulation state in the brain was performed.
- OxAPP672-711 (OxA ⁇ 1-40) of SEQ ID NO: 17 represents a peptide oxidized by Met 706 of APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40) of SEQ ID NO: 16.
- the marker of the present invention may have a commonly known amino acid sequence variation of familial Alzheimer's disease.
- NC- A ⁇ accumulation in the brain is negative and cognitive dysfunction does not appear
- NC + A ⁇ accumulation in the brain is positive and cognitive dysfunction does not appear
- MCI A ⁇ accumulation in the brain
- AD Person with positive accumulation of A ⁇ in the brain and cognitive dysfunction
- PiB + Group of NC +, MCI and AD group
- Cognitive dysfunction Regardless of the presence or absence of A ⁇ , those who have been determined to have a positive accumulation of A ⁇ in the brain.
- the determination of the accumulation state of A ⁇ in the brain is based on a PiB-PET image and a comparison of PiB accumulation in the cerebral cortex and white matter.
- a sample derived from a living body derived from a test subject is APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) (SEQ ID NO: 6), APP669-711 (SEQ ID NO: 7), APP672-709 (A ⁇ 1-38).
- a blood sample derived from a test subject is subjected to detection of a marker containing APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) (SEQ ID NO: 6), and APP672-713 ( A measurement step for obtaining a measurement level of A ⁇ 1-42);
- the measured level of the APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) of the subject to be tested is the level of the APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) of a normal cognitive function NC-negative in which the accumulation of A ⁇ in the brain is negative.
- An evaluation step for determining that the accumulated amount of A ⁇ in the brain of the test subject is larger than the accumulated amount of A ⁇ in the brain of the normal cognitive function NC-, when lower than the reference level; including. Thereby, it is possible to determine the A ⁇ accumulation state in the brain, or to assist the determination.
- the marker level basically means the concentration, but may be other units used by those skilled in the art according to the concentration, for example, the detected ion intensity in mass spectrometry.
- the concentration analysis of the marker in the biological sample according to the present invention is performed by comparing the measured value with the reference value.
- the measured value and the reference value to be compared are preferably values based on a biological sample prepared under the same conditions (such as pretreatment conditions and storage conditions).
- a measurement value of NC-having normal cognitive function in which A ⁇ accumulation in the brain is negative can be used.
- an established concentration reference value for a normal cognitive function NC- who has negative A ⁇ accumulation in the brain may be used.
- the marker measurement is preferably performed by a test based on biomolecule-specific affinity.
- the test based on biomolecule-specific affinity is a method well known to those skilled in the art, and is not particularly limited, but an immunoassay is preferable. Specifically, Western blot, radioimmunoassay, ELISA (including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) (including sandwich immunoassay, competitive method, and direct adsorption method), immunoprecipitation method, precipitation reaction, immunodiffusion method, immunoagglutination measurement, Immunoassays including competitive and non-competitive assay systems are included, such as complement binding reaction analysis, immunoradiometric assays, fluorescent immunoassays, protein A immunoassays and the like. In the immunoassay, an antibody that binds to the marker in a biological sample is detected.
- the marker is measured by using an immunoglobulin having an antigen-binding site capable of recognizing a peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) or an immunity containing an antigen-binding site capable of recognizing a peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP).
- APP amyloid precursor protein
- APP amyloid precursor protein
- carrier produced using the globulin fragment.
- the peptide in the sample can be detected with a mass spectrometer by immunoprecipitation using the antibody-immobilized carrier (Immunoprecipitation-Mass Spectrometry; IP-MS).
- a blood sample derived from a test subject is subjected to detection of a marker containing APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) (SEQ ID NO: 6), and APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1- 42), and the measured level of the APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) of the subject is NC-APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) of NC-normally cognitive functioning person who is negative in the accumulation of A ⁇ in the brain.
- Level is lower than the reference level, it can be determined that the accumulation amount of A ⁇ in the brain of the test subject is larger than the accumulation amount of A ⁇ in the brain of the normal cognitive function NC- .
- the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- the amount of an object indicated by% is indicated on a weight basis when the object is a subject and on a volume basis when the object is a liquid.
- NC ⁇ A ⁇ accumulation in the brain is negative and cognitive dysfunction does not appear
- NC + A ⁇ accumulation in the brain is positive and cognitive dysfunction does not appear
- MCI A ⁇ accumulation in the brain
- AD Person with positive accumulation of A ⁇ in the brain and cognitive dysfunction PiB +: Group of NC +, MCI and AD group Cognitive dysfunction Regardless of the presence or absence of A ⁇
- PiB-PET images of the subject's brain were acquired in order to determine whether the A ⁇ accumulation in the brain was positive or negative. Subjects whose cerebral cortical PiB accumulation was greater than or equal to the non-specific white matter PiB accumulation were determined to be positive. Subjects who had only non-specific accumulation in the white matter and little accumulation in the cortex were judged negative. Cognitive impairment was judged according to the NIA-AA diagnostic criteria published in 2011.
- Table 3 shows the characteristics of each group and the number of cases.
- the blood marker is effective for diagnosis. That is, it is important to find a blood marker having a diagnostic ability capable of discriminating between positive and negative A ⁇ accumulation in the brain. From this point of view, regarding the marker analysis, whether or not there is a difference in measurement level between other groups as compared with the NC-group was used as an evaluation criterion.
- SM (PEG) 24 bound to magnetic beads and 0.25 ⁇ g of 6E10 F (ab ') and 4G8 F (ab') added simultaneously are reacted at room temperature for 2 hours to covalently bond maleimide and thiol groups I let you. Finally, the maleimide group was blocked by reacting 0.4 mM L-cysteine at room temperature for 30 minutes.
- the produced antibody-immobilized beads were stored at 4 ° C. until use.
- SIL-A ⁇ 1-38 labeled with stable isotope from AnaSpec (San Jose, CA, USA) was used as the internal standard peptide.
- SIL-A ⁇ 1-38 has Phe and Ile carbon atoms replaced with 13 C.
- Prominence HPLC System Shiadzu Corp, with COSMOSIL (R) 5Diol-120-II [7.5 mm ID x 600mm] column (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto) installed
- Size exclusion chromatography SEC was performed at Kyoto, Japan).
- the immunoprecipitation method was performed as follows. Binding buffer (0.2% (w / v) n-Dodecyl- ⁇ -D-maltoside (DDM), 0.2% (w / v) n-Nonyl- ⁇ containing 10 pM SIL-A ⁇ 1-38 in 250 ⁇ L of human plasma 250 ⁇ L of -D-thiomaltoside (NTM), 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) was mixed. The precipitate contained in this plasma sample was removed by centrifugation using an Ultrafree-MC, DV 0.65 ⁇ m, centrifugal filter devices.
- DDM n-Dodecyl- ⁇ -D-maltoside
- NTM -D-thiomaltoside
- NTM -D-thiomaltoside
- the precipitate contained in this plasma sample was removed by centrifugation using an Ultrafree-MC, DV 0.65 ⁇ m, centri
- the measured values of plasma A ⁇ and A ⁇ -like peptides were obtained by averaging the peak intensity ratios of each A ⁇ and A ⁇ -like peptide with respect to the internal standard peptide (SIL-A ⁇ 1-38) obtained from 4 wells measured by Linear TOF. .
- the following criteria were set.
- Four mass spectra are obtained from one immunoprecipitation, resulting in four peak intensity ratios for one peptide.
- a peak intensity ratio that deviated from between 0.7 to 1.3 times the median of the four peak intensity ratios for a certain peptide was regarded as an outlier and was not used for averaging data processing.
- the maximum number of peak intensity ratio data used for averaging a certain peptide is 4, but the number of data decreases when the detection limit is not reached (S / N / ⁇ 3), or when an outlier appears. If the number of peak intensity ratio data used for averaging was less than 3, the peak intensity ratio was defined as undetectable (N / D) in the immunoprecipitation at that time.
- FIG. 2 is a box-and-whisker diagram showing the intensity ratio (Intensity ratio) of APP672-713) (A ⁇ 1-42) to the internal standard SIL-A ⁇ 1-38 in each group for APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42).
- 3 (A), 3 (B), 4 (C), and 4 (D) show the respective groups for the NC-group for APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) / SIL-A ⁇ 1-38, respectively. It is a ROC curve of (NC +, MCI, AD, PiB +).
- the range indicated by the box represents the intensity ratio distribution range (quartile range) of the samples whose concentration rank is 25 to 75% of all samples
- horizontal lines shown above and below the box Represents the maximum and minimum values, respectively, of the samples in the range from the top and bottom of the box to 1.5 times the quartile range
- the horizontal bar in the box represents the median intensity ratio
- NC ⁇ vs PiB + 0.808
- APP672-713 A ⁇ 1-42 is a blood marker that can predict the accumulation state of A ⁇ in the brain, which may be used as an aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
- FIG. 5 is a box-and-whisker diagram showing the intensity ratio of APP672-709 (A ⁇ 1-38) to APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in each group.
- 6 (A), 6 (B), 7 (C), and 7 (D) are diagrams for each of the NC-groups for APP672-709APP (A ⁇ 1-38) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42). It is a ROC curve of a group (NC +, MCI, AD, PiB +).
- FIG. 8 is a box-and-whisker diagram showing the intensity ratio of APP674-711 (A ⁇ 3-40) to APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in each group.
- 9 (A), 9 (B), 10 (C), and 10 (D) show the figures for APP674-711 (A ⁇ 3-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) for the NC-group. It is a ROC curve of a group (NC +, MCI, AD, PiB +).
- FIG. 11 is a box-and-whisker diagram showing the intensity ratio of APP672-710 (A ⁇ 1-39) to APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in each group.
- 12 (A), 12 (B), 13 (C), and 13 (D) are diagrams for each of the NC-groups for APP672-710 (A ⁇ 1-39) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42). It is a ROC curve of a group (NC +, MCI, AD, PiB +).
- FIG. 14 is a box-and-whisker diagram showing the intensity ratio of APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40) to APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in each group.
- 15 (A), 15 (B), 16 (C), and 16 (D) are diagrams for each of the NC-groups for APP672-711APP (A ⁇ 1-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42). It is a ROC curve of a group (NC +, MCI, AD, PiB +).
- FIG. 17 is a box-and-whisker diagram showing the intensity ratio (Intensity ratio) of OxAPP672-711 (OxA ⁇ 1-40) to APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in each group.
- 18 (A), 18 (B), 19 (C), and 19 (D) are diagrams for each of the NC-groups for OxAPP672-711 (OxA ⁇ 1-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42). It is a ROC curve of a group (NC +, MCI, AD, PiB +).
- FIG. 20 is a box-and-whisker diagram showing the intensity ratio of APP669-711 to APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) in each group.
- 21A, FIG. 21B, FIG. 22C, and FIG. 22D show the respective groups (NC +, MCI) for the NC-group for APP669-711 / APP672-713- (A ⁇ 1-42). , AD, PiB +).
- APP672-709 (A ⁇ 1-38) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), APP674-711 (A ⁇ 3-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), APP672-710 (A ⁇ 1-39) / APP672- 713 (A ⁇ 1-42), APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), OxAPP672-711 (OxA ⁇ 1-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), and APP669-711 / APP672- In 713 (A ⁇ 1-42), NC +, MCI, and AD were shown to be statistically significantly increased compared to NC- (FIGS. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 20). ). In particular, APP669-711 / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) was shown to have a strong tendency to increase with the progression of Alzheimer's disease (FIG. 20).
- APP672-709 (A ⁇ 1-38) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), APP674-711 (A ⁇ 3-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), APP672-710 (A ⁇ 1-39) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1 -42), APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), OxAPP672-711 (OxA ⁇ 1-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), and APP669-711 / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1 To evaluate the diagnostic performance of -42), ROC curves of NC +, MCI, AD, and PiB + groups for NC-groups were generated.
- APP672-709 A ⁇ 1-38) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), APP674- 711 (A ⁇ 3-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), APP672-710 (A ⁇ 1-39) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), APP672-711 (A ⁇ 1-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) ), OxAPP672-711 (OxA ⁇ 1-40) / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42), and APP669-711 / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) by setting the cut-off value (Cut-off point) Disease discrimination was evaluated.
- Negative Predictive Value (NPV) (number of true negatives) / (number of true negatives + number of false negatives)
- Accuracy (number of true positives + number of true negatives) / total number of cases
- APP669-711 / APP672-713 shows very high values in all of Specificity, Sensitivity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), Accuracy, NC- and NC + , MCI, AD, and PiB + were shown to have a very high ability, and in particular, it was shown to be effective for positive determination of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain. It also shows that the ability to discriminate between NC-, NC +, MCI, and AD is extremely high, and can be used as an aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
- the values are high in Specificity, Sensitivity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), or Accuracy, so NC-, NC +, MCI, AD, and This indicates that the ability to discriminate PiB + is high, and it has shown the possibility of being particularly effective for positive determination of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain.
- the ability to discriminate between NC-, NC +, MCI, and AD is high, indicating that it can be used as an aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
- a ⁇ accumulation in the brain is an important pathological index of Alzheimer's disease, and it is known that excessive accumulation of A ⁇ has begun long before dementia becomes apparent.
- PiB is a radiopharmaceutical that specifically binds to A ⁇ aggregates, and accumulation of A ⁇ in the brain can be imaged by measuring its accumulation with PET.
- FIG. 23 is a scatter diagram showing the PiB accumulation average value (mcSUVR) on the horizontal axis and the ratio of APP669-711 / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) on the vertical axis in all 62 cases.
- the average PiB accumulation was determined by quantifying cortical PiB accumulation and determining the cerebral accumulation ratio based on the cerebellum.
- the correlation between the APP669-711 / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) ratio obtained by IP-MS and the PiB accumulation average value (mcSUVR) obtained by PET was evaluated by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient.
- the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.687 and p ⁇ 0.001 (FIG. 23).
- the APP669-711 / APP672-713 (A ⁇ 1-42) ratio and the PiB accumulation average value (mcSUVR) have a significantly strong correlation. This means that the APP669-711 / APP672-713- (A ⁇ 1-42) ratio in plasma reflects the A ⁇ accumulation state in the brain, and the blood marker for judging the A ⁇ accumulation state in the brain It shows the possibility of being used as.
- the marker of the present invention is useful as a blood marker for determining the brain A ⁇ accumulation state. It has also been shown that this can be used for assisting diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and for pre-onset diagnosis.
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Abstract
Description
(1) 被験対象に由来する生体由来試料を、
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)と、
APP669-711(配列番号7)、APP672-709(Aβ1-38)(配列番号1)、APP674-711(Aβ3-40)(配列番号2)、APP672-710(Aβ1-39)(配列番号3)、APP672-711(Aβ1-40)(配列番号4)、及びOxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)(配列番号5)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つと
を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体由来試料中の
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)と、
APP669-711、APP672-709(Aβ1-38)、APP674-711(Aβ3-40)、APP672-710(Aβ1-39)、APP672-711(Aβ1-40)、及びOxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)からなる群から選ばれる前記少なくとも1つと
の各測定レベルを得る測定工程と、
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP669-711レベルの比:
APP669-711/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP672-709(Aβ1-38)レベルの比:
APP672-709(Aβ1-38)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP674-711(Aβ3-40)レベルの比:
APP674-711(Aβ3-40)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP672-710(Aβ1-39)レベルの比:
APP672-710(Aβ1-39)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP672-711(Aβ1-40)レベルの比:
APP672-711(Aβ1-40)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42); 及び
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するOxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)レベルの比:
OxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42)
からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの比を求める算出工程と、
被験対象の前記各比が、脳内のAβの蓄積が陰性である認知機能正常者NC-の前記各比を基準レベルとして、前記各比の基準レベルよりも高い場合に、被験対象の脳内Aβの蓄積量は、前記認知機能正常者NC-の脳内Aβの蓄積量よりも多いと判断する評価工程と、
を含む脳内のAβ蓄積状態を判断する分析方法。
APP672-709(Aβ1-38)(配列番号1)とAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)との組み合わせ:
APP674-711(Aβ3-40)(配列番号2)とAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)との組み合わせ:
APP672-710(Aβ1-39)(配列番号3)とAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)との組み合わせ:
APP672-711(Aβ1-40)(配列番号4)とAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)との組み合わせ: 及び
OxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)(配列番号5)とAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)との組み合わせ
からなる群から選ばれる脳内のAβ蓄積状態を判断するマーカー。
被験対象の前記APP672-713(Aβ1-42)の測定レベルが、脳内のAβの蓄積が陰性である認知機能正常者NC-のAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)のレベルを基準レベルとして、前記基準レベルよりも低い場合に、被験対象の脳内Aβの蓄積量は、前記認知機能正常者NC-の脳内Aβの蓄積量より多いと判断する評価工程と、
を含む脳内のAβ蓄積状態を判断する分析方法。
被験対象に由来する生体由来試料を、
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)と、
APP669-711(配列番号7)、APP672-709(Aβ1-38)(配列番号1)、APP674-711(Aβ3-40)(配列番号2)、APP672-710(Aβ1-39)(配列番号3)、APP672-711(Aβ1-40)(配列番号4)、及びOxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)(配列番号5)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つと
を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体由来試料中の
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)と、
APP669-711、APP672-709(Aβ1-38)、APP674-711(Aβ3-40)、APP672-710(Aβ1-39)、APP672-711(Aβ1-40)、及びOxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)からなる群から選ばれる前記少なくとも1つと
の各測定レベルを得る測定工程と、
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP669-711レベルの比:
APP669-711/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP672-709(Aβ1-38)レベルの比:
APP672-709(Aβ1-38)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP674-711(Aβ3-40)レベルの比:
APP674-711(Aβ3-40)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP672-710(Aβ1-39)レベルの比:
APP672-710(Aβ1-39)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP672-711(Aβ1-40)レベルの比:
APP672-711(Aβ1-40)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42); 及び
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するOxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)レベルの比:
OxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42)
からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの比を求める算出工程と
を行い、
医学的介入の前における被験対象の前記各比と、医学的介入の後における被験対象の前記各比との比較を行い、脳内のAβ蓄積状態に関して前記医学的介入の有効性を判断する方法。
本発明において、被験対象には、ヒト、及びヒト以外の哺乳動物(ラット、イヌ、ネコなど)が含まれる。以下、ヒトの場合について主として説明するが、ヒト以外の哺乳動物の場合にも、同様である。
本発明のマーカーは、被験者の生体由来試料において検出及び分析可能である。従って、本発明の方法においては、被験者の生体由来試料中のマーカーのレベルが分析される。
本発明のマーカーは、生体由来試料中のAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)と、APP669-711(配列番号7)、APP672-709(Aβ1-38)(配列番号1)、APP674-711(Aβ3-40)(配列番号2)、APP672-710(Aβ1-39)(配列番号3)、APP672-711(Aβ1-40)(配列番号4)、及びOxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)(配列番号5)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つとの組み合わせからなる。これらマーカーは、脳内のAβ蓄積が陰性である認知機能正常者からの血漿試料中のレベルと、脳内のAβが過剰に蓄積されている被験者からの血漿試料中のレベルとの間に有意な差が認められたものである。
DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA
APP669-711(配列番号7):
VKMDAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV
APP672-709(Aβ1-38)(配列番号1):
DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGG
APP674-711(Aβ3-40)(配列番号2):
EFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV
APP672-710(Aβ1-39)(配列番号3):
DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGV
APP672-711(Aβ1-40)(配列番号4):
DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV
OxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)(配列番号5):
DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV (Met 706が酸化されている)
APP-derived peptides: APP派生型ペプチド
Theoretical average mass: 理論平均質量
Swedish変異:APP670~671 のアミノ酸 KM が NL に変異している
Italian変異:APP673 のアミノ酸 A が V に変異している
Leuven変異:APP682 のアミノ酸 E が K に変異している
Icelandic変異:APP673 のアミノ酸 A が T に変異している
British変異:APP677 のアミノ酸 H が R に変異している
Tottori変異:APP678 のアミノ酸 D が N に変異している
Italian変異:APP673 のアミノ酸 A が V に変異している
Arctic変異:APP693 のアミノ酸 E が G に変異している
Iowa変異:APP694 のアミノ酸 D が N に変異している
Dutch変異:APP693 のアミノ酸 E が Q に変異している
本明細書において、アルツハイマー病の進行度合いの観点から、次のように分類する。
NC+:脳内のAβの蓄積が陽性で、認知機能障害は現れていない者
MCI:脳内のAβの蓄積が陽性で、軽度認知機能障害が現れている者
AD: 脳内のAβの蓄積が陽性で、認知機能障害が現れている者
PiB+:NC+とMCIとADのグループを合わせたグループ
認知機能障害の有無に関わらず、脳内のAβの蓄積が陽性と判定された者
通常、脳内のAβの蓄積状態の判断については、PiB-PET画像を元に大脳皮質と白質のPiB集積量の比較により判定する。
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP669-711レベルの比:
APP669-711/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP672-709(Aβ1-38)レベルの比:
APP672-709(Aβ1-38)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP674-711(Aβ3-40)レベルの比:
APP674-711(Aβ3-40)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP672-710(Aβ1-39)レベルの比:
APP672-710(Aβ1-39)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP672-711(Aβ1-40)レベルの比:
APP672-711(Aβ1-40)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42); 及び
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するOxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)レベルの比:
OxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42)
からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの比を求める算出工程と、
被験対象の前記各比が、脳内のAβの蓄積が陰性である認知機能正常者NC-の前記各比を基準レベルとして、前記各比の基準レベルよりも高い場合に、被験対象の脳内Aβの蓄積量は、前記認知機能正常者NC-の脳内Aβの蓄積量よりも多いと判断する評価工程と、
を含む。これにより、脳内のAβ蓄積状態を判断する、あるいは判断の補助とすることができる。
被験対象の前記APP672-713(Aβ1-42)の測定レベルが、脳内のAβの蓄積が陰性である認知機能正常者NC-のAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)のレベルを基準レベルとして、前記基準レベルよりも低い場合に、被験対象の脳内Aβの蓄積量は、前記認知機能正常者NC-の脳内Aβの蓄積量より多いと判断する評価工程と、
を含む。これにより、脳内のAβ蓄積状態を判断する、あるいは判断の補助とすることができる。
(1)臨床サンプルを用いた、本発明マーカーによるアルツハイマー病診断の性能評価
国立長寿医療研究センターにて、NC-、NC+、MCI、ADのグループに分類された症例の血漿サンプルを用意した。
NC+:脳内のAβの蓄積が陽性で、認知機能障害は現れていない者
MCI:脳内のAβの蓄積が陽性で、軽度認知機能障害が現れている者
AD: 脳内のAβの蓄積が陽性で、認知機能障害が現れている者
PiB+:NC+とMCIとADのグループを合わせたグループ
認知機能障害の有無に関わらず、脳内のAβが陽性と判定された者
Aβの第3-8残基をエピトープとする抗Aβ抗体(6E10: Covance)250μgを Ficin アガロースビーズ (Thermo) 1250 μL(33%スラリー)により消化、Aβの第18-22残基をエピトープとする抗Aβ抗体 (4G8: Covance)100 μgをリシルエンドペプチダーゼ (LysC) 500 ngにより消化し、それぞれの消化物をサイズ排除クロマトグラフィーで分離・分取した。分画したサンプルを還元および非還元 SDS-PAGE で確認し、F(ab')2 に相当するフラクションをプールした。この 6E10 と 4G8 の F(ab')2 画分をそれぞれ30mMの濃度の cysteamine で還元することにより F(ab') が得られた。次に、アミノ磁気ビーズ (Dynabeads M-270 Amine: Invitrogen) 5 μL(ビーズ量150 μg)を用意し、その表面に結合しているアミノ基に SM(PEG)24 の NHS基を室温で30分間反応させることで、PEGとビーズを共有結合させた。磁気ビーズに結合された SM(PEG) 24 に、6E10 F(ab')と 4G8 F(ab')を 0.25 μgずつ同時に加えたものを室温で2時間反応させてマレイミド基とチオール基を共有結合させた。最後に、0.4 mM L-システインを室温で30分間反応させることで、マレイミド基のブロッキングを行った。作製された抗体固定化ビーズは使用するまで4℃で保存した。
内部標準ペプチドとして AnaSpec (San Jose, CA, USA)の安定同位体標識されたAβ1-38(SIL-Aβ1-38と呼ぶ)を使用した。SIL-Aβ1-38 は Pheと Ileの炭素原子が13Cで置換されている。SIL-Aβ1-38の乾燥品を50 mM NaOHで溶解した後に、COSMOSIL(R) 5Diol-120-II [7.5 mm I.D. x 600mm] column (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto) を設置した Prominence HPLC System (Shimadzu Corp, Kyoto, Japan)でサイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(SEC)を行った。移動相:40 mM Tris-HCl, pH8.0、流速:1 mL/min、カラム温度:25 ℃、検出波長:214/280 nmの設定で行った。分取したフラクションの一部は非還元状態で15-20% Tricine-SDS-PAGEへ供し、Silver Staining kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA)でバンドを染色した。単量体と確認されたフラクションを 1 mg/mL bovine serum albuminを含む40 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH8.0 で希釈した後、分注して -80 ℃で保存した。一部を取り出し、Human Amyloid β (1-38) (FL) Assay Kit (Immuno-Biological Laboratories; Gunma, Japan)を用いてSIL-Aβ1-38の濃度を測定した。
全62症例に対して、抗体固定化ビーズを用いて内部標準ペプチドとしてSIL-Aβ1-38を用いて、IP-MSを行った。
ヒト血漿 250 μLに、10 pM SIL-Aβ1-38を含む結合バッファー (0.2%(w/v) n-Dodecyl- β -D-maltoside (DDM), 0.2%(w/v) n-Nonyl-β-D-thiomaltoside (NTM), 800mM GlcNAc, 100mM Tris-HCl, 300mM NaCl, pH7.4) 250 μLを混合させた。この血漿サンプルに含まれる沈殿物は Ultrafree-MC, DV 0.65 μm, centrifugal filter devicesを用いて遠心除去した。Protein G Plus Agarose (50% slurry; Pierce, Rockford, IL) 500 μLをH2O 400 μLで1回洗浄後、洗浄バッファー(0.1%(w/v) DDM, 0.1%(w/v) NTM, 50mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, pH7.4) 400 μLで3回洗浄した。そのProtein G Plus Agaroseに先ほどの血漿サンプルを混合させて4℃で1時間インキュベーションさせた。血漿サンプルからProtein G Plus Agaroseを取り除いた後、OTG-glycineバッファー(1% n-Octyl-β-D-thioglucoside (OTG), 50mM glycine , pH2.8)で2回洗浄、洗浄バッファー100 μLで3回洗浄された抗体固定化ビーズ 150 μgに血漿サンプルを混合させて4℃で1時間インキュベーションすることによりAβ及びAβ様ペプチドを捕捉した。その後、洗浄バッファー500 μLで1回洗浄、100 μLで4回洗浄後、50 mM 酢酸アンモニウム20 μLで2回洗浄した。さらにH2O 20 μLで1回洗浄した後、5 mM 塩酸を含む70% アセトニトリル 2.5 μLで抗体固定化ビーズに捕捉されたAβ及びAs様ペプチドを溶出させた。溶出液を0.5 μLずつμFocus MALDI plateTM 900 μm上の4 wellへ滴下した。0.5 μLのマトリックス溶液(0.5 mg/mL CHCA, 0.2%(w/v) MDPNA)を混合した後、Linear TOF MSで測定した。
NC-と比較して各グループ(NC+、MCI、AD)との間のより明確な差を見るために、さらに以下の検討を行った。
Cut-off point: カットオフ値
Positive Predictive Value(PPV)=(真陽性の数)/(真陽性の数+偽陽性の数)
Negative Predictive Value(NPV)=(真陰性の数)/(真陰性の数+偽陰性の数)
Accuracy=(真陽性の数+真陰性の数)/全症例数
脳内のAβ蓄積はアルツハイマー病の重要な病理学的指標であり、認知症が顕在化するかなり前からAβの過剰蓄積は開始していることが知られている。PiBはAβ凝集体に特異的に結合する放射性薬剤であり、その集積をPETで測定することにより脳内のAβの蓄積を画像化することができる。高い精度で脳内のAβ蓄積が陽性である被験者を判断できる能力を示した血漿中APP669-711/APP672-713 (Aβ1-42)が脳内Aβ蓄積状態を反映しているかどうかを調べるために、APP669-711/APP672-713 (Aβ1-42)と脳皮質領域のPiB集積平均値(mcSUVR:mean cortical Standard Uptake Value Ratio)との相関を解析した。
Claims (5)
- 被験対象に由来する生体由来試料を、
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)と、
APP669-711(配列番号7)、APP672-709(Aβ1-38)(配列番号1)、APP674-711(Aβ3-40)(配列番号2)、APP672-710(Aβ1-39)(配列番号3)、APP672-711(Aβ1-40)(配列番号4)、及びOxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)(配列番号5)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つと
を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体由来試料中の
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)と、
APP669-711、APP672-709(Aβ1-38)、APP674-711(Aβ3-40)、APP672-710(Aβ1-39)、APP672-711(Aβ1-40)、及びOxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)からなる群から選ばれる前記少なくとも1つと
の各測定レベルを得る測定工程と、
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP669-711レベルの比:
APP669-711/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP672-709(Aβ1-38)レベルの比:
APP672-709(Aβ1-38)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP674-711(Aβ3-40)レベルの比:
APP674-711(Aβ3-40)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP672-710(Aβ1-39)レベルの比:
APP672-710(Aβ1-39)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP672-711(Aβ1-40)レベルの比:
APP672-711(Aβ1-40)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42); 及び
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するOxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)レベルの比:
OxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42)
からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの比を求める算出工程と、
被験対象の前記各比が、脳内のAβの蓄積が陰性である認知機能正常者NC-の前記各比を基準レベルとして、前記各比の基準レベルよりも高い場合に、被験対象の脳内Aβの蓄積量は、前記認知機能正常者NC-の脳内Aβの蓄積量よりも多いと判断する評価工程と、
を含む脳内のAβ蓄積状態を判断する分析方法。 - 前記生体由来試料が、血液、脳脊髄液、尿、体分泌液、糞便、唾液、及び痰からなる群から選ばれる、請求項1に記載の脳内のAβ蓄積状態を判断する分析方法。
- 生体由来試料中のAPP669-711(配列番号7)とAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)との組み合わせ:
APP672-709(Aβ1-38)(配列番号1)とAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)との組み合わせ:
APP674-711(Aβ3-40)(配列番号2)とAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)との組み合わせ:
APP672-710(Aβ1-39)(配列番号3)とAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)との組み合わせ:
APP672-711(Aβ1-40)(配列番号4)とAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)との組み合わせ: 及び
OxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)(配列番号5)とAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)との組み合わせ
からなる群から選ばれる脳内のAβ蓄積状態を判断するマーカー。 - 被験対象に由来する血液試料をAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記血液試料中のAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)の測定レベルを得る測定工程と、
被験対象の前記APP672-713(Aβ1-42)の測定レベルが、脳内のAβの蓄積が陰性である認知機能正常者NC-のAPP672-713(Aβ1-42)のレベルを基準レベルとして、前記基準レベルよりも低い場合に、被験対象の脳内Aβの蓄積量は、前記認知機能正常者NC-の脳内Aβの蓄積量より多いと判断する評価工程と、
を含む脳内のAβ蓄積状態を判断する分析方法。 - 被験対象に対して行われた医学的介入の前後において、
被験対象に由来する生体由来試料を、
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)(配列番号6)と、
APP669-711(配列番号7)、APP672-709(Aβ1-38)(配列番号1)、APP674-711(Aβ3-40)(配列番号2)、APP672-710(Aβ1-39)(配列番号3)、APP672-711(Aβ1-40)(配列番号4)、及びOxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)(配列番号5)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つと
を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体由来試料中の
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)と、
APP669-711、APP672-709(Aβ1-38)、APP674-711(Aβ3-40)、APP672-710(Aβ1-39)、APP672-711(Aβ1-40)、及びOxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)からなる群から選ばれる前記少なくとも1つと
の各測定レベルを得る測定工程と、
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP669-711レベルの比:
APP669-711/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP672-709(Aβ1-38)レベルの比:
APP672-709(Aβ1-38)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP674-711(Aβ3-40)レベルの比:
APP674-711(Aβ3-40)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP672-710(Aβ1-39)レベルの比:
APP672-710(Aβ1-39)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42);
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するAPP672-711(Aβ1-40)レベルの比:
APP672-711(Aβ1-40)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42); 及び
APP672-713(Aβ1-42)レベルに対するOxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)レベルの比:
OxAPP672-711(OxAβ1-40)/APP672-713(Aβ1-42)
からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの比を求める算出工程と
を行い、
医学的介入の前における被験対象の前記各比と、医学的介入の後における被験対象の前記各比との比較を行い、脳内のAβ蓄積状態に関して前記医学的介入の有効性を判断する方法。
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AU2021201434A1 (en) | 2021-03-25 |
CN106574930A (zh) | 2017-04-19 |
AU2015262399B9 (en) | 2021-07-22 |
JP7008268B2 (ja) | 2022-01-25 |
CN106574930B (zh) | 2019-09-03 |
JP2020193200A (ja) | 2020-12-03 |
JP6410810B2 (ja) | 2018-10-24 |
US20170184573A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
AU2015262399A2 (en) | 2017-01-19 |
EP3540441A1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
ES2933952T3 (es) | 2023-02-15 |
EP3783364A3 (en) | 2021-05-19 |
EP3147668B1 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
EP3540442B1 (en) | 2022-10-05 |
AU2021201434B2 (en) | 2023-02-23 |
EP3147668A1 (en) | 2017-03-29 |
JPWO2015178398A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
EP3540442A1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
JP2019053063A (ja) | 2019-04-04 |
EP3783364A2 (en) | 2021-02-24 |
ES2769048T3 (es) | 2020-06-24 |
AU2015262399A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
EP4040157A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 |
EP3147668A4 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
AU2015262399B2 (en) | 2021-07-01 |
US11231413B2 (en) | 2022-01-25 |
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