WO2023002967A1 - アルツハイマー病モデルマウスのAβバイオマーカー及びその分析方法 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New breeds of vertebrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/15—Medicinal preparations ; Physical properties thereof, e.g. dissolubility
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to A ⁇ biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice and methods for their analysis.
- AD Alzheimer's disease
- the number of dementia patients is estimated to be about 50 million worldwide in 2017, and is expected to reach about 82 million in 2030. It is estimated that the number of dementia patients in Japan will reach 7 million in 2025.
- Amyloid ⁇ (A ⁇ ) is thought to be deeply involved in the onset of AD.
- Amyloid precursor protein (APP) consisting of 770 amino acid residues is cleaved by various proteases to produce various molecular species of A ⁇ .
- Major A ⁇ s include A ⁇ 1-40 with 40 amino acid residues and A ⁇ 1-42 with 42 amino acid residues, and A ⁇ 1-42 has a strong aggregation property.
- senile plaques appear in the brain due to aggregation of A ⁇ accompanied by fibrosis, which is considered to be the earliest pathological change.
- test methods used for AD diagnosis include PET (Positron Emission Tomography) imaging (amyloid PET) that visualizes A ⁇ accumulation in the brain, and A ⁇ in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a biomarker. (also referred to simply as a "marker").
- PET Positron Emission Tomography
- CSF cerebrospinal fluid
- amyloid PET is a technique for imaging the site and amount of A ⁇ amyloid accumulation in the brain with high accuracy, and is currently established as an imaging biomarker capable of detecting the early pathology of AD.
- amyloid PET is expensive to test, it is realistic to use it under limited conditions in clinical practice.
- the CSF examination is a highly invasive examination, and thus imposes a heavy physical burden. Under such circumstances, the development of biomarkers that are non-invasive and easy to collect has been desired.
- IP-MS Immunoprecipitation-Mass Spectrometry
- APP669-711 / A ⁇ 1-42 ratio in plasma and A ⁇ 1-40 / It has been reported that the A ⁇ 1-42 ratio and a composite biomarker combining them can accurately estimate human brain A ⁇ accumulation (Patent Documents 2 and 3, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- This biomarker has value in human AD differentiation and as a risk factor for the onset of AD, and is expected to play an important role in determining intervention methods such as treatment and prevention. is placed.
- Non-Patent Document 3 shows that A ⁇ 1-40 accumulates in the brains of AD model mice by staining with the A ⁇ 1-40-specific antibody BA27
- Non-Patent Document 4 describes mouse brain FA soluble Ab ( It has been shown that A ⁇ 1-40 in the fraction where A ⁇ accumulation is lysed) is increased in transgenic mice over wild type (WT).
- Non-Patent Documents 6, 7 As a method for evaluating the amount of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain of AD model mice, there is the above-mentioned PET imaging, but it is a potentially dangerous experiment because it requires a PET device for experimental animals and also needs to handle radioactive substances (non Patent document 5). In addition, since AD model mice are small, it is difficult to collect CSF. On the other hand, as a relatively easy method for evaluating A ⁇ accumulation in the brain, there is also a method of evaluating the state of amyloid accumulation in the brain by measuring the amyloid in the insoluble fraction after dissolving the brain of an AD model mouse. Continuous monitoring is not possible because it kills the mice (Non-Patent Documents 6, 7).
- the present invention aims to provide a biomarker for evaluating the state of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain of AD model mice, which is relatively easy to collect, is safe, and can be continuously observed, and a method for analyzing the same. aim.
- a biological sample derived from an AD model mouse is subjected to detection of markers including mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 to detect mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 in the biological sample. and the ratio of the mouse APP669-711 level to the mouse A ⁇ 1-40 level: the step of obtaining APP669-711/A ⁇ 1-40, and the ratio of the AD model mouse to determine whether A ⁇ accumulation in the brain appears. determining that the amount of A ⁇ accumulated in the brain of the AD model mouse is higher than the amount of A ⁇ accumulated in the brain of the reference mouse when the ratio is higher than the ratio of the reference mouse without It relates to an analytical method for determining
- biological samples derived from AD model mice are subjected to detection of markers including mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711, obtaining measured levels of mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 in said biological sample; determining the ratio of mouse APP669-711 levels to mouse A ⁇ 1-40 levels: APP669-711/A ⁇ 1-40;
- a method of analysis for determining the effectiveness of said intervention with respect to the state of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain comprising the step of comparing said ratio of AD model mice before and said ratio of AD model mice after intervention.
- a biological sample derived from an AD model mouse is subjected to detection of markers including mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 to detect mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 in the biological sample. and the ratio of the mouse APP669-711 level to the mouse A ⁇ 1-40 level: the step of obtaining APP669-711 / A ⁇ 1-40 is performed multiple times on the same AD model mouse over time, and the AD model mouse
- the present invention relates to an analysis method for evaluating changes in the ratio of A ⁇ to determine whether the amount of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain is increasing or decreasing.
- a biological sample derived from an AD model mouse is treated with mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669 before and after providing a candidate substance for improving the state of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain to the AD model mouse.
- a marker comprising 711 to obtain measured levels of mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 in said biological sample, and a ratio of mouse APP669-711 levels to mouse A ⁇ 1-40 levels: APP669- A ⁇ in the brain, comprising the steps of determining 711/A ⁇ 1-40, and comparing the ratio of the AD model mouse before receiving the candidate substance and the ratio of the AD model mouse after receiving the candidate substance.
- the present invention relates to analytical methods for screening candidate substances for improving accumulation conditions.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention relates to a marker for determining the state of brain A ⁇ accumulation, which consists of a combination of mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 in a biological sample derived from an AD model mouse.
- the analysis method and biomarker for evaluating the state of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain of AD model mice are relatively easy to collect, safe, and allow continuous observation. Markers can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is an immunostained image of brain tissue of a 23-month-old APP/PS1 mouse in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 shows mass spectra of mouse A ⁇ -related peptides in the plasma of 2-month-old (A) and 25-month-old (B) APP/PS1 mice in Example 1.
- a first aspect of the present invention is an analysis method for determining the state of accumulation of A ⁇ in the brain, comprising: subjecting a biological sample derived from an AD model mouse to detection of markers including mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 to obtain measured levels of mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 in the biological sample; determining the ratio of mouse APP669-711 levels to mouse A ⁇ 1-40 levels: APP669-711/A ⁇ 1-40; When the ratio of the AD model mouse is higher than the ratio of the reference mouse in which brain A ⁇ accumulation does not appear, the amount of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain of the AD model mouse is higher than the amount of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain of the reference mouse. and the step of determining that the
- a biological sample derived from an AD model mouse is subjected to detection of markers containing mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711, and each measurement of mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 in the biological sample. It includes a step of obtaining the level (this step is called a "measurement step").
- the AD model mouse is not particularly limited, and for example, the AD model mouse described in Non-Patent Document 8 can be used as appropriate.
- Tg (APPswe, PSEN1dE9) 85Dbo) (Non-Patent Document 9), 5xFAD (B6SJL) (Non-Patent Document 10), 5xFAD (C57BL6) (Non-Patent Document 11), APP/PS1/rTg21221 (Non-Patent Document Document 12), APPSwe/PSEN1 (A246E) (Non-Patent Document 13), APPSwe/PSEN1dE9 (C3-3 x S-9) (Non-Patent Document 14), APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (line 85) (Non-Patent Document 15), Tg2576/Tau (P301L) (APPSwe-Tau) (Non-Patent Document 16), TREM2-BAC X 5xFAD (Non-Patent Document 17), 3xTg (Non-Patent Document 18), APP23 (Non-Patent Document 19), APP Knock-in (
- an APP/PS1 mouse which is a transgenic mouse overexpressing human Swedish mutant APP and ⁇ Exon mutant PS1 by a nervous system-specific prion promoter (PrP), is preferable.
- PrP nervous system-specific prion promoter
- APPswe, PSEN1dE9)85Dbo is used.
- APP/PS1 mice are known to develop brain A ⁇ accumulation from about 6 to 7 months of age (Non-Patent Document 21). /PS1 mice are used for the study.
- the "biological sample” can be selected from blood, urine, feces, body secretions (eg, saliva, tears), and the like.
- the biological sample is preferably blood because it is easy to collect and reflects the state of A ⁇ in the brain.
- Blood is a sample that is directly subjected to the marker expression level measurement step, and includes whole blood, plasma, serum, and the like. Blood can be prepared by appropriately treating whole blood collected from AD model mice. There are no particular restrictions on the processing performed when preparing a blood sample from collected whole blood, and any processing such as centrifugation may be performed.
- the blood to be subjected to the measurement process may be stored at a low temperature such as freezing as appropriate in the middle stage of the preparation process or in the latter stage of the preparation process.
- the biological sample may be used to measure the concentration of the component as it is, or may be used to measure the concentration of the component after being appropriately pretreated as necessary.
- Pretreatment includes, for example, termination of enzymatic reaction in the biological sample, removal of fat-soluble substances, removal of protein, and the like. These pretreatments may be performed using known methods. Also, the biological sample may be appropriately diluted or concentrated before use.
- mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 have the following amino acid sequences.
- the level of a marker basically means concentration, but may be other units used by those skilled in the art according to concentration, such as detected ion intensity in mass spectrometry.
- Biomolecule-specific affinity-based tests are methods well known to those skilled in the art and are not particularly limited, but immunoassays are preferred. Specifically, Western blot, radioimmunoassay, ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) (including sandwich immunomethod, competitive method, and direct adsorption method), immunoprecipitation method, precipitation reaction, immunodiffusion method, immunoagglutination measurement, Immunoassays, including competitive and non-competitive assay systems, such as complement fixation assays, immunoradiometric assays, fluorescence immunoassays, protein A immunoassays, are included. Immunoassays detect antibodies that bind to the above markers in biological samples.
- IP-MS antibody-immobilized carrier
- a step of determining the ratio of mouse APP669-711 levels to mouse A ⁇ 1-40 levels: APP669-711/A ⁇ 1-40 (this step is referred to as a “calculating step”).
- the marker that is the ratio APP669-711/A ⁇ 1-40 is the level in plasma samples from reference AD model mice in which A ⁇ accumulation in the brain does not appear, and AD model mice in which A ⁇ is excessively accumulated in the brain. A significant difference was observed between the levels in plasma samples from
- a ⁇ 1-42 has so far been used as a suitable indicator in AD analysis of humans (Patent Documents 2 and 3, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- mouse A ⁇ 1-42 having the following amino acid sequence exists in mice.
- mouse A ⁇ 1-42 DAEFGHDSGFEVRHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA (SEQ ID NO: 3)
- mouse A ⁇ 1-42 is difficult to measure because the amount of blood collected is small and the concentration of mouse A ⁇ 1-42 is low, unlike in humans. Therefore, the present inventors found that mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 can be more suitable indicators than mouse A ⁇ 1-42 when AD model mice are used as test subjects.
- the ratio of the AD model mouse is higher than the ratio of the reference mouse in which brain A ⁇ accumulation has not appeared, then A ⁇ accumulation in the brain of the AD model mouse
- the amount includes the step of determining that it is greater than the amount of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain of the reference mouse.
- concentration analysis of the marker in the biological sample is performed by comparing the measured value with the reference value.
- reference mice 2- to 5-month-old (young) AD model mice and wild-type mice can be suitably used.
- the analysis method for evaluating the state of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain of an AD model mouse is relatively easy to collect, safe, and allows continuous observation. can be provided.
- a second aspect of the present invention is an analytical method for determining the effectiveness of the intervention with respect to the state of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain, Before and after intervention performed on AD model mice, A step of subjecting a biological sample derived from an AD model mouse to detection of a marker containing mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 to obtain each measured level of mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 in the biological sample (measurement process) and Determining the ratio of mouse APP669-711 levels to mouse A ⁇ 1-40 levels: APP669-711/A ⁇ 1-40 (calculation step); Comparing said ratio of AD model mice before intervention with said ratio of AD model mice after intervention.
- the analysis method of the second aspect is performed before and after intervention performed on AD model mice.
- intervention includes administration of therapeutic or prophylactic drugs for AD, diet therapy, exercise therapy, learning therapy, surgical operation, and the like.
- Exercise therapy, learning therapy, and surgery include both known and unknown ones.
- the measurement step and calculation step in the second aspect are the same as the measurement step and calculation step in the first aspect described above.
- the ratio of the AD model mouse before the intervention and the ratio of the AD model mouse after the intervention comparison is evaluated. be able to.
- a third aspect of the present invention is an analysis method for determining whether the amount of A ⁇ accumulated in the brain is increased or decreased,
- the measurement step and the calculation step are performed multiple times on the same AD model mouse over time.
- the measurement step and calculation step in the third aspect are also the same as the measurement step and calculation step in the first aspect described above.
- the measurement step and the calculation step are performed multiple times on the same AD model mouse over time to evaluate changes in the ratio of the AD model mouse. According to such a third aspect, changes in A ⁇ accumulation in the brain of AD model mice can be evaluated over time to determine whether the amount of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain is increasing or decreasing.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is an analysis method for screening candidate substances for improving the state of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain, Before and after providing a candidate substance for improving the A ⁇ accumulation state in the brain to an AD model mouse, A step of subjecting a biological sample derived from an AD model mouse to detection of a marker containing mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 to obtain each measured level of mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 in the biological sample (measurement process) and Determining the ratio of mouse APP669-711 levels to mouse A ⁇ 1-40 levels: APP669-711/A ⁇ 1-40 (calculation step); A step of comparing the ratio of AD model mice before administration of the candidate substance with the ratio of AD model mice after administration of the candidate substance.
- the analysis method of the fourth aspect is performed before and after providing a candidate substance for improving the state of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain to an AD model mouse.
- candidate substance refers to an unknown substance that has the potential to become a candidate for a therapeutic or prophylactic drug for AD for improving the state of accumulation of A ⁇ in the brain.
- the measurement step and calculation step in the fourth aspect are also the same as the measurement step and calculation step in the first aspect described above.
- the ratio of AD model mice before provision of the candidate substance and the ratio of AD model mice after provision of the candidate substance are compared. According to such a fourth aspect, by applying the candidate substance for improving the A ⁇ accumulation state in the brain to the AD model mouse before and after providing it, the A ⁇ accumulation state in the brain is improved. of candidate substances can be evaluated.
- the present invention also provides a marker for judging the state of accumulation of A ⁇ in the brain, which consists of a combination of mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 in a biological sample derived from an AD model mouse. Since the blood APP669-711/A ⁇ 1-40 ratio has not been reported as a biomarker in humans so far, it can be said that it is an AD model mouse-specific biomarker. By using the marker of the present invention, it becomes possible to determine with high accuracy the state of accumulation of A ⁇ in the brain of AD model mice derived from biological samples.
- the biological sample and AD model mouse in the marker of the present invention may be those described above in the first aspect, but similarly, the biological sample is preferably blood, and the AD model mouse is preferably APP/PS1 mouse.
- APP/PS1 mice are transgenic mice overexpressing human Swedish mutant APP and ⁇ Exon mutant PS1 by the nervous system-specific prion promoter (PrP).
- APP/PS1 mice aged 2-5 months (young) or 23-30 months (old) were used.
- APP/PS1 mice are known to exhibit brain A ⁇ accumulation from about 6 to 7 months of age (Non-Patent Document 21). Mice are used for research.
- the prepared block was sliced to a thickness of 4 mm using MICROM HM 430 (Thermo SCIENTIFIC), spread on a slide glass coated with PLL (poly-L-lysine), and dried at 37° C. for 2 days. .
- An anti-human A ⁇ mouse monoclonal antibody (82E1, IBL) and an anti-mouse A ⁇ rabbit polyclonal antibody (APP597, IBL) were used as primary antibodies.
- each 500-fold diluted biotinylated secondary antibody was applied at room temperature for 2 hours, ABC elite (VECTOR) for 1 hour, ImmPACT SG (VECTOR) for 5 minutes, 0.1% hematoxylin solution for 10 seconds, and running water for 5 minutes. Penetrated for minutes.
- IP-MS is a combination of immunoprecipitation (IP) and mass spectrometry (MS).
- IP immunoprecipitation
- MS mass spectrometry
- Mass spectral data were obtained with linear TOF in positive ion mode using AXIMA Performance (Shimadzu/KRATOS, Manchester, UK).
- the m/z value of Linear TOF is displayed as the average mass of the peak.
- the m/z values and signal intensities were calibrated using standard peptides.
- the m/z values were calibrated using human angiotensin II, human ACTH fragment 18-39, bovine insulin oxidized beta-chain, and bovine insulin as external standards.
- the internal standard peptide SIL-A ⁇ 1-42 was used to normalize the signal intensity of each A ⁇ -related peptide in plasma.
- the average value of the normalized intensities of four mass spectra obtained from one sample was obtained and evaluated as the amount of A ⁇ -related peptides. If there were two or more pieces of data that did not reach the detection limit (S/N ⁇ 3), the detection was not allowed.
- This measurement method uses an antibody that specifically reacts with the mouse A ⁇ sequence, and in the mass spectrum, the peak detected by the theoretical mass of the mouse A ⁇ sequence is analyzed. For this reason, the present analytical data are intended for mouse A ⁇ -related peptides, and are not analyzed for A ⁇ -related peptides derived from overexpressed human Swedish mutant APP.
- FIG. 2 shows mass spectra of mouse A ⁇ -related peptides obtained by IP-MS analysis of 2-month-old and 25-month-old APP/PS1 mouse plasma.
- a ⁇ 1-40, A ⁇ 1-42, APP669-711 peaks at the position of the theoretical mass shown in Table 1 was detected.
- APP669-711/A ⁇ 1-40 in the aged group increased more than in the young group (Fig. 5).
- the blood APP669-711/A ⁇ 1-40 ratio reflects the accumulation of A ⁇ in the brain of AD model mice. Since the blood APP669-711/A ⁇ 1-40 ratio has not been reported as a biomarker in humans so far, it can be said that it is an AD model mouse-specific biomarker.
- An analysis method is an analysis method for determining the state of accumulation of A ⁇ in the brain, wherein a biological sample derived from an AD model mouse is subjected to detection of markers including mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711, and the biological sample is Obtaining each measured level of mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 in a sample, determining the ratio of mouse APP669-711 level to mouse A ⁇ 1-40 level: APP669-711/A ⁇ 1-40, AD model mouse is higher than the ratio of the reference mouse in which brain A ⁇ accumulation has not appeared, the amount of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain of the AD model mouse is higher than the amount of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain of the reference mouse. and determining.
- an analysis method for evaluating the state of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain of AD model mice which is relatively easy to collect, is safe, and allows continuous observation. It becomes possible to
- An analysis method is an analysis method for determining the effectiveness of intervention with respect to the state of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain. subjecting the biological sample to the detection of markers including mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 to obtain measured levels of mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 in said biological sample; determining the ratio of 711 levels: APP669-711/A ⁇ 1-40, and comparing said ratio in AD model mice before intervention with said ratio in AD model mice after intervention.
- An analysis method is an analysis method for determining whether the amount of accumulated A ⁇ in the brain is increased or decreased, and the AD model mouse-derived biological sample contains mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711. subjecting to detection of markers to obtain measured levels of mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 in said biological sample, and a ratio of mouse APP669-711 levels to mouse A ⁇ 1-40 levels: The step of obtaining 40 is performed multiple times on the same AD model mouse over time, and changes in the ratio of the AD model mouse are evaluated.
- changes in A ⁇ accumulation in the brain of AD model mice can be evaluated over time to determine whether the amount of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain is increasing or decreasing. .
- An analysis method is an analysis method for screening candidate substances for improving the state of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain, and providing a candidate substance for improving the state of A ⁇ accumulation in the brain to an AD model mouse.
- biological samples derived from AD model mice were subjected to detection of markers containing mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711, and each measured level of mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 in the biological sample was determined. and the ratio of mouse APP669-711 levels to mouse A ⁇ 1-40 levels: the step of obtaining APP669-711/A ⁇ 1-40, the ratio of AD model mice before provision of the candidate substance, and the ratio after provision of the candidate substance making a comparison with said ratio in AD model mice.
- the biological sample is blood.
- the AD model mouse is an APP/PS1 mouse.
- a marker for determining the state of accumulation of A ⁇ in the brain consists of a combination of mouse A ⁇ 1-40 and mouse APP669-711 in a biological sample derived from an AD model mouse.
- the biological sample is blood.
- the AD model mouse is an APP/PS1 mouse.
Abstract
Description
(第1の態様)
本発明の第1の態様は、脳内Aβ蓄積状態を判断する分析方法であって、
ADモデルマウス由来の生体試料を、マウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体試料中のマウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711の各測定レベルを得る工程と、
マウスAβ1-40レベルに対するマウスAPP669-711レベルの比:APP669-711/Aβ1-40を求める工程と、
ADモデルマウスの前記比が、脳内Aβ蓄積が出現していない基準マウスの前記比よりも高い場合に、前記ADモデルマウスの脳内Aβ蓄積量は、前記基準マウスの脳内Aβ蓄積量よりも多いと判断する工程とを含む。
DAEFGHDSGFEVRHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV(配列番号1)
・マウスAPP699-711:
VKMDAEFGHDSGFEVRHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV(配列番号2)
本発明において、マーカーのレベルとは、基本的には濃度を意味するが、当業者が濃度に準じて用いる他の単位、例えば、質量分析における検出イオン強度であってもよい。
DAEFGHDSGFEVRHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA(配列番号3)
しかしながら、ADモデルマウスを被験対象とする場合、ヒト等の場合とは異なり採血量が少なく濃度の薄いマウスAβ1-42は測定しにくい。このため、本発明者等は、ADモデルマウスを被験対象とする場合には、マウスAβ1-42よりも、マウスAβ1-40、マウスAPP669-711がより好適な指標となり得ることを見出した。
本発明の第2の態様は、脳内のAβ蓄積状態に関して前記介入の有効性を判断する分析方法であり、
ADモデルマウスに対して行なわれた介入の前後において、
ADモデルマウス由来の生体試料を、マウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体試料中のマウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711の各測定レベルを得る工程(測定工程)と、
マウスAβ1-40レベルに対するマウスAPP669-711レベルの比:APP669-711/Aβ1-40を求める工程(算出工程)と、
介入前におけるADモデルマウスの前記比と、介入後におけるADモデルマウスの前記比との比較を行なう工程とを含む。
本発明の第3の態様は、脳内のAβ蓄積量が増加または減少していることを判断する分析方法であり、
ADモデルマウス由来の生体試料を、マウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体試料中のマウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711の各測定レベルを得る工程(測定方法)と、マウスAβ1-40レベルに対するマウスAPP669-711レベルの比:APP669-711/Aβ1-40を求める工程(算出工程)とを同じADモデルマウスに経時的に複数回行ない、ADモデルマウスの前記比の変化を評価する。
本発明の第4の態様は、脳内のAβ蓄積状態を改善するための候補物質をスクリーニングする分析方法であり、
ADモデルマウスに対して脳内のAβ蓄積状態の改善するための候補物質を供与した前
後において、
ADモデルマウス由来の生体試料を、マウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体試料中のマウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711の各測定レベルを得る工程(測定工程)と、
マウスAβ1-40レベルに対するマウスAPP669-711レベルの比:APP669-711/Aβ1-40を求める工程(算出工程)と、
候補物質の供与前におけるADモデルマウスの前記比と、候補物質の供与後におけるADモデルマウスの前記比との比較を行なう工程を含む。
(第5の態様)
本発明は、ADモデルマウス由来の生体試料中のマウスAβ1-40とマウスAPP669-711との組み合わせからなる脳内Aβ蓄積状態を判断するマーカーについても提供する。これまでヒトでは血液APP669-711/Aβ1-40比がバイオマーカーとして報告されていないことから、ADモデルマウス特異的なバイオマーカーと言える。本発明のマーカーを用いることで、生体試料に由来するADモデルマウスの脳内Aβ蓄積状態を高い精度で判断可能となる。
[1]ADモデルマウス
ADモデルマウスとして汎用されるAPP/PS1マウス(Tg(APPswe,PSEN1dE9)85Dbo、非特許文献9)を用いた。APP/PS1マウスはヒトSwedish変異型APP及びΔExon変異型PS1を神経系特異的プリオンプロモーター(PrP)により過剰発現しているトランスジェニックマウスである。2~5か月齢(若齢)もしくは23~30か月齢(高齢)のAPP/PS1マウスを使用した。APP/PS1マウスは6~7か月齢程度から脳内Aβ蓄積が出現することが知られており(非特許文献21)、脳内Aβ蓄積の有無の比較として、若齢と高齢のAPP/PS1マウスが研究に使用される。
本実施例で使用する23か月齢のAPP/PS1マウスで、その脳組織の免疫染色で脳内Aβ蓄積が出現することを以下の手順で確認した。マウスから摘出した半脳を4% PFA(パラホルムアルデヒド:paraformaldehyde)/PBS(リン酸緩衝液:Phosphate Buffer Solution)(pH6.7)で24時間浸透し、脳を細切した。その後、脳を70% エタノールで1時間、80% エタノールで2時間、90% エタノールで2時間、99% エタノールで3時間×3回、キシレンで3時間、キシレンで2時間、パラフィンで3時間×3回により脱水し包埋した。作製したブロックはMICROM HM 430(Thermo SCIENTIFIC)を用いて4mm厚で薄切、PLL(ポリ-L-リジン:poly-L-lysine)コートされたスライドガラス上で伸展し37℃で2日間乾燥した。
ADモデルマウスの顎骨付近の顔面静脈から、21Gの注射針を用いて穿刺し、表面に出てきた血液を採取した。採取中に血液の凝固を防ぐため、それぞれの採血用チューブに予めEDTA-2Na(終濃度:0.15%)を加えた。採取した血液をすぐに4℃、3,500rpm、5分間で遠心分離し、上清である血漿を採取した。得られた上記の血液成分はそれぞれ-80℃で凍結保存した。
血漿中のAβ関連ペプチドは免疫沈降(IP)と質量分析(MS)を組み合わせたIP-MSを用いて測定した。抗マウスAβ ラビットポリクローナル抗体APP597(IBL)からBSAを除くためにProtein G(Thermo Fisher Scientific)で抗体を精製した後、Dynabeads Epoxy(Thermo Fisher Scientific)に共有結合させた抗体ビーズをIPに使用した。凍結保存したマウス血漿(40~100μL)を融解し、内部標準ペプチド溶液と血漿を等量で混合した。抗体ビーズと混ぜて、1時間4℃で抗原抗体反応させた。内部標準ペプチドは40pM 安定同位体標識マウスAβ1-42(SIL-Aβ1-42、理論質量m/z 4471.30)を使用した。抗原抗体反応後、抗体ビーズを洗浄し、Aβ関連ペプチドをDDM(n-ドデシル-β-D-マルトシド:n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside)を含むグリシン緩衝液(pH2.8)で溶出した。トリス緩衝液で中性に戻した後、もう一度、抗体ビーズでAβ関連ペプチドと抗原抗体反応させ、洗浄後、Aβ関連ペプチドを溶出液(5mM HCl、0.1mM Methionine、70%(v/v) アセトニトリル)で溶出した。予め、0.5mg/mL CHCA(α-シアノ-4-ヒドロキシケイ皮酸:α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid)/0.2%(w/v) MDPNA(メチレンジホスホン酸:methylenediphosphonic acid) 0.5μLを滴下、乾燥させたμFocus MALDI plate(商標) 900μm(Hudson Surface Technology, Inc., Fort Lee,NJ)の4well上へ、IP後の溶出液を滴下して乾燥させた。
2か月齢と25か月齢のAPP/PS1マウス血漿をIP-MSにより分析して得られたマウスAβ関連ペプチドのマススペクトルを図2に示す。ここでは2か月齢と25か月齢、それぞれ一個体のデータを示しており、これらのマススペクトルでは、表1に示される理論質量の位置にAβ1-40、Aβ1-42、APP669-711のピークが検出された。
上述した例示的な実施形態及び実験例は、以下の態様の具体例であることが当業者により理解される。
一態様に係る分析方法は、脳内Aβ蓄積状態を判断する分析方法であり、ADモデルマウス由来の生体試料を、マウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体試料中のマウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711の各測定レベルを得る工程と、マウスAβ1-40レベルに対するマウスAPP669-711レベルの比:APP669-711/Aβ1-40を求める工程と、ADモデルマウスの前記比が、脳内Aβ蓄積が出現していない基準マウスの前記比よりも高い場合に、前記ADモデルマウスの脳内Aβ蓄積量は、前記基準マウスの脳内Aβ蓄積量よりも多いと判断する工程とを含む。
一態様に係る分析方法は、脳内のAβ蓄積状態に関して介入の有効性を判断する分析方法であり、ADモデルマウスに対して行なわれた介入の前後において、ADモデルマウス由来の生体試料を、マウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体試料中のマウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711の各測定レベルを得る工程と、マウスAβ1-40レベルに対するマウスAPP669-711レベルの比:APP669-711/Aβ1-40を求める工程と、介入前におけるADモデルマウスの前記比と介入後におけるADモデルマウスの前記比との比較を行なう工程とを含む。
一態様に係る分析方法は、脳内のAβ蓄積量が増加または減少していることを判断する分析方法であり、ADモデルマウス由来の生体試料を、マウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体試料中のマウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711の各測定レベルを得る工程と、マウスAβ1-40レベルに対するマウスAPP669-711レベルの比:APP669-711/Aβ1-40を求める工程とを同じADモデルマウスに経時的に複数回行ない、ADモデルマウスの前記比の変化を評価する。
一態様に係る分析方法は、脳内のAβ蓄積状態を改善するための候補物質をスクリーニングする分析方法であり、ADモデルマウスに対して脳内のAβ蓄積状態の改善するための候補物質を供与した前後において、ADモデルマウス由来の生体試料を、マウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体試料中のマウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711の各測定レベルを得る工程と、マウスAβ1-40レベルに対するマウスAPP669-711レベルの比:APP669-711/Aβ1-40を求める工程と、候補物質の供与前におけるADモデルマウスの前記比と、候補物質の供与後におけるADモデルマウスの前記比との比較を行なう工程を含む。
第1項~第4項のいずれかに記載の分析方法において、生体試料は血液である。
第1項~第5項のいずれかに記載の分析方法において、ADモデルマウスはAPP/PS1マウスである。
一態様に係る脳内Aβ蓄積状態を判断するマーカーは、ADモデルマウス由来の生体試料中のマウスAβ1-40とマウスAPP669-711との組み合わせからなる。
第7項に記載のマーカーにおいて、生体試料は血液である。
第7項または第8項に記載のマーカーにおいて、ADモデルマウスはAPP/PS1マウスである。
Claims (9)
- アルツハイマー病(AD)モデルマウス由来の生体試料を、マウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体試料中のマウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711の各測定レベルを得る工程と、
マウスAβ1-40レベルに対するマウスAPP669-711レベルの比:APP669-711/Aβ1-40を求める工程と、
ADモデルマウスの前記比が、脳内Aβ蓄積が出現していない基準マウスの前記比よりも高い場合に、前記ADモデルマウスの脳内Aβ蓄積量は、前記基準マウスの脳内Aβ蓄積量よりも多いと判断する工程とを含む、脳内Aβ蓄積状態を判断する分析方法。 - ADモデルマウスに対して行なわれた介入の前後において、
ADモデルマウス由来の生体試料を、マウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体試料中のマウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711の各測定レベルを得る工程と、
マウスAβ1-40レベルに対するマウスAPP669-711レベルの比:APP669-711/Aβ1-40を求める工程と、
介入前におけるADモデルマウスの前記比と介入後におけるADモデルマウスの前記比との比較を行なう工程とを含む、脳内のAβ蓄積状態に関して前記介入の有効性を判断する分析方法。 - ADモデルマウス由来の生体試料を、マウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体試料中のマウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711の各測定レベルを得る工程と、マウスAβ1-40レベルに対するマウスAPP669-711レベルの比:APP669-711/Aβ1-40を求める工程とを同じADモデルマウスに経時的に複数回行ない、ADモデルマウスの前記比の変化を評価し、脳内のAβ蓄積量が増加または減少していることを判断する、分析方法。
- ADモデルマウスに対して脳内のAβ蓄積状態の改善するための候補物質を供与した前後において、
ADモデルマウス由来の生体試料を、マウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711を含むマーカーの検出に供して、前記生体試料中のマウスAβ1-40及びマウスAPP669-711の各測定レベルを得る工程と、
マウスAβ1-40レベルに対するマウスAPP669-711レベルの比:APP669-711/Aβ1-40を求める工程と、
候補物質の供与前におけるADモデルマウスの前記比と、候補物質の供与後におけるADモデルマウスの前記比との比較を行なう工程を含む、脳内のAβ蓄積状態を改善するための候補物質をスクリーニングする分析方法。 - 前記生体試料が血液である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の分析方法。
- 前記ADモデルマウスがAPP/PS1マウスである、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の分析方法。
- ADモデルマウス由来の生体試料中のマウスAβ1-40とマウスAPP669-711との組み合わせからなる脳内Aβ蓄積状態を判断するマーカー。
- 前記生体試料が血液である、請求項7に記載のマーカー。
- 前記ADモデルマウスがAPP/PS1マウスである、請求項7に記載のマーカー。
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