WO2015166724A1 - 透明導電性フィルム - Google Patents
透明導電性フィルム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015166724A1 WO2015166724A1 PCT/JP2015/057213 JP2015057213W WO2015166724A1 WO 2015166724 A1 WO2015166724 A1 WO 2015166724A1 JP 2015057213 W JP2015057213 W JP 2015057213W WO 2015166724 A1 WO2015166724 A1 WO 2015166724A1
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- transparent conductive
- layer
- optical adjustment
- adjustment layer
- conductive film
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- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/14—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form comprising conductive layers or films on insulating-supports
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
- C23C14/086—Oxides of zinc, germanium, cadmium, indium, tin, thallium or bismuth
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/10—Glass or silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
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- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
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- H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
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- H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
- H01B3/421—Polyesters
- H01B3/422—Linear saturated polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- H01B3/423—Linear aromatic polyesters
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- H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
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- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
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- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
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- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/442—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from aromatic vinyl compounds
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
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- H01B3/447—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from acrylic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
- Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
- Y10T428/24975—No layer or component greater than 5 mils thick
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
- Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
- Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transparent conductive film, and more particularly to a transparent conductive film used for a touch panel film or the like.
- a transparent conductive film is proposed in which a first transparent dielectric layer, a second transparent dielectric layer, and a patterned transparent conductive layer are formed in this order on one or both sides of a transparent film substrate.
- a transparent conductive film is proposed in which a first transparent dielectric layer, a second transparent dielectric layer, and a patterned transparent conductive layer are formed in this order on one or both sides of a transparent film substrate.
- the difference between the pattern portion and the pattern opening portion of the transparent conductive layer is suppressed, and the appearance is good.
- the transparent conductive film described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the transparent conductive layer is easily cracked.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a transparent conductive film capable of suppressing the occurrence of damage to the transparent conductivity while suppressing the visual recognition of the wiring pattern.
- the transparent conductive film of the present invention comprises, in order, a transparent base material, a first optical adjustment layer, an inorganic layer, and a transparent conductive layer, and the first optical adjustment layer is based on the refractive index of the transparent base material. Having a low refractive index, a thickness of 10 nm or more and 35 nm or less, and the inorganic layer is lower than an absolute value of a value obtained by multiplying the refractive index of the first optical adjustment layer by 1.13 or the absolute It has the same refractive index as the value.
- this transparent conductive film includes the first optical adjustment layer having a specific refractive index and thickness and an inorganic layer having a specific refractive index, the wiring pattern is suppressed while preventing the transparent conductive layer from being damaged. Can be suppressed, and has excellent scratch resistance and excellent transparency.
- the transparent conductive film of the present invention further includes a second optical adjustment layer disposed between the transparent substrate and the first optical adjustment layer, and the second optical adjustment layer includes the transparent group. It is preferable to have a refractive index higher than that of the material.
- This transparent conductive film can further suppress the visual recognition of the wiring pattern and has more excellent scratch resistance.
- the second optical adjustment layer has a thickness of 100 nm or more and 300 nm or less.
- the thickness of the first optical adjustment layer is in the specific range described above, the visual recognition of the wiring pattern can be further suppressed, and the scratch resistance is further improved.
- the inorganic layer has a thickness of 1.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less.
- the thickness of the inorganic layer is in a specific range, it is possible to further suppress the transparent conductive layer from being damaged.
- the transparent conductive layer has a thickness of 25 nm or more.
- the transparent conductive layer is easily damaged.
- the transparent conductive film of the present invention includes the first optical adjustment layer and the inorganic layer described above, it is possible to effectively suppress the damage described above in the transparent conductive layer.
- the first optical adjustment layer is made of only a resin.
- the first optical adjustment layer is made of only resin, the above-described damage in the transparent conductive layer can be effectively suppressed.
- the transparent conductive film of the present invention it is possible to suppress the visual recognition of the wiring pattern while suppressing the occurrence of damage to the transparent conductive layer, and to have excellent scratch resistance and excellent transparency.
- FIG. 1 shows sectional drawing of 1st Embodiment (a mode provided with a 2nd optical adjustment layer) of the transparent conductive film of this invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the transparent conductive film of the first embodiment in which a transparent conductive layer is formed in a wiring pattern.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the transparent conductive film of the present invention (an embodiment without the second optical adjustment layer).
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the transparent conductive film of the second embodiment in which a transparent conductive layer is formed in a wiring pattern.
- the vertical direction of the paper surface is the vertical direction (an example of the thickness direction, the first direction)
- the upper side of the paper surface is the upper side (one side in the thickness direction, the first direction side)
- the lower side of the paper surface is the lower side ( The other side in the thickness direction and the other side in the first direction).
- it conforms to the direction arrow in each figure.
- the transparent conductive film 1 has a film shape (including a sheet shape) having a predetermined thickness, extends in a predetermined direction (surface direction) orthogonal to the thickness direction, and has a flat upper surface and a flat lower surface. .
- the transparent conductive film 1 is, for example, a component such as a base material for a touch panel provided in the image display device, that is, not an image display device. That is, the transparent conductive film 1 is a component for producing an image display device and the like, and does not include an image display element such as an LCD module, and is a device that can be distributed industrially and used industrially.
- the transparent conductive film 1 includes a transparent base material 2, a second optical adjustment layer 3 disposed on the transparent base material 2, and a second optical adjustment layer 3.
- the first optical adjustment layer 4 disposed above, the inorganic layer 5 disposed on the first optical adjustment layer 4, and the transparent conductive layer 6 disposed on the inorganic layer 5 are provided. That is, in the transparent conductive film 1, the second optical adjustment layer 3, the first optical adjustment layer 4, the inorganic layer 5, and the transparent conductive layer 6 are sequentially disposed on the transparent substrate 2.
- the transparent conductive film 1 is preferably composed of only the transparent substrate 2, the second optical adjustment layer 3, the first optical adjustment layer 4, the inorganic layer 5, and the transparent conductive layer 6.
- the transparent substrate 2 is the lowermost layer of the transparent conductive film 1 and is a support material that ensures the mechanical strength of the transparent conductive film 1.
- the transparent substrate 2 supports the transparent conductive layer 6 together with the second optical adjustment layer 3, the first optical adjustment layer 4 and the inorganic layer 5.
- the transparent substrate 2 is, for example, a polymer film having transparency.
- the material of the polymer film include polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate, for example, (meth) acrylic resins (acrylic resin and / or methacrylic resin) such as polymethacrylate, And olefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and cycloolefin polymers such as polycarbonate resin, polyether sulfone resin, polyarylate resin, melamine resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, cellulose resin, polystyrene resin, norbornene resin, and the like. These polymer films can be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoints of transparency, heat resistance, mechanical properties, and the like, preferably, a polyester resin is used, and more preferably, PET is used.
- the refractive index nA of the transparent substrate 2 is, for example, 1.45 or more, preferably 1.55 or more, and for example, 1.80 or less, preferably 1.70 or less.
- the refractive index nA of the transparent substrate 2 is measured by, for example, an Abbe refractometer.
- the thickness TA of the transparent substrate 2 is, for example, 2 ⁇ m or more, preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of mechanical strength, scratch resistance, and dot characteristics when the transparent conductive film 1 is used as a touch panel film, and the like.
- it is 200 micrometers or less, Preferably, it is 150 micrometers or less.
- Second optical adjustment layer 3 The second optical adjustment layer 3 is formed with a pattern portion 7 after the transparent conductive layer 6 is formed in a wiring pattern in a later step as shown in FIG. 2 together with the first optical adjustment layer 4 and the inorganic layer 5 described later. It is an optical adjustment layer that adjusts the optical physical properties of the transparent conductive film 1 so that the difference between the non-pattern part 8 is not recognized (that is, the visual recognition of the wiring pattern is suppressed). Further, the second optical adjustment layer 3 is a scratch protective layer for making it difficult to cause scratches on the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer 6 (that is, the surface of the transparent conductive film 1) (that is, to obtain excellent scratch resistance). But there is.
- the second optical adjustment layer 3 has a film shape (including a sheet shape) and is disposed, for example, on the entire upper surface of the transparent substrate 2 so as to be in contact with the upper surface of the transparent substrate 2.
- the second optical adjustment layer 3 is prepared from the second optical composition.
- the second optical composition contains, for example, a resin.
- the second optical composition preferably contains a resin and particles. More preferably, the second optical composition consists only of a resin and particles.
- the resin examples include a curable resin, a thermoplastic resin (for example, a polyolefin resin), and preferably a curable resin.
- the curable resin examples include an active energy ray-curable resin that is cured by irradiation with active energy rays (specifically, ultraviolet rays, electron beams, etc.), for example, a thermosetting resin that is cured by heating, and the like.
- active energy ray curable resin is used.
- Examples of the active energy ray-curable resin include a polymer having a functional group having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule.
- Examples of such a functional group include a vinyl group and a (meth) acryloyl group (methacryloyl group and / or acryloyl group).
- Examples of the active energy ray-curable resin include (meth) acrylic resin (acrylic resin and / or methacrylic resin) containing a functional group in the side chain.
- These resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content ratio of the resin is, for example, 50% by mass or more, preferably 40% by mass or more, and, for example, 95% by mass or less, preferably 90% by mass or less with respect to the second optical composition. .
- Examples of the particles include inorganic particles and organic particles.
- Examples of the inorganic particles include silica particles (including hollow nanosilica particles), for example, metal oxide particles made of zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, and the like, for example, carbonate particles such as calcium carbonate.
- Examples of the organic particles include crosslinked acrylic resin particles.
- the particles are preferably inorganic particles, more preferably metal oxide particles, and still more preferably zirconium oxide particles (ZnO 2 ).
- the average particle diameter of the particles is, for example, 5 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more, and for example, 500 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less.
- the average particle diameter of the particles is measured by a Coulter counting method using, for example, a Coulter Multisizer manufactured by Beckman Coulter.
- the content ratio of the particles is, for example, 5 parts by mass or more, preferably 10 parts by mass or more, and, for example, 100 parts by mass or less, preferably 65 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin.
- the content ratio of the particles is, for example, 5% by mass or more, preferably 10% by mass or more, and, for example, 50% by mass or less, preferably 40% by mass or less with respect to the second optical composition. It is.
- the second optical adjustment layer 3 has, for example, a refractive index nB higher than the refractive index nA of the transparent substrate 2.
- the refractive index nB of the second optical adjustment layer 3 is measured by, for example, an Abbe refractometer.
- the refractive index nB of the second optical adjustment layer 3 is lower than or the same as the refractive index nA of the transparent substrate 2, the optical characteristics of the transparent conductive film 1 (specifically, the visual recognition of the wiring pattern). Suppression) may be reduced.
- the ratio (nB / nA) of the refractive index nB of the second optical adjustment layer 3 to the refractive index nA of the transparent substrate 2 exceeds 1, preferably 1.01 or more, more preferably 1.05 or more. For example, it is 1.50 or less.
- the value obtained by subtracting the refractive index nB of the second optical adjustment layer 3 from the refractive index nA of the transparent substrate 2 is, for example, 0.01 or more, preferably 0.05 or more. For example, it is 0.50 or less, preferably 0.20 or less.
- the refractive index nB of the second optical adjustment layer 3 is, for example, 1.50 or more, preferably 1.60 or more, and, for example, 1.80 or less, preferably 1. 75 or less.
- the refractive index nB, the ratio (nB / nA), and / or the difference (nB-nA) of the second optical adjustment layer 3 exceed the lower limit, the optical characteristics of the transparent conductive film 1 (specifically, the wiring) It is possible to suppress a reduction in pattern visibility).
- the thickness TB of the second optical adjustment layer 3 is, for example, 100 nm or more, preferably 120 nm or more, more preferably 150 nm or more, still more preferably 180 nm or more, for example, 300 nm or less, preferably 280 nm or less, more
- the thickness is preferably 250 nm or less, more preferably 220 nm or less, and particularly preferably 200 nm or less.
- the thickness TB of the second optical adjustment layer 3 is measured by, for example, cross-sectional observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the ratio (TB / TA) of the thickness TB of the second optical adjustment layer 3 to the thickness TA of the transparent substrate 2 is, for example, 0.0020 or more, preferably more than 0.0020, more preferably 0.0030 or more. In addition, for example, it is less than 0.0070, preferably less than 0.0060, and more preferably 0.0050 or less.
- the 1st optical adjustment layer 4 has the transparency excellent in the transparent conductive film 1, suppressing the visual recognition of the wiring pattern in the transparent conductive layer 6 with the 2nd optical adjustment layer 3 and the inorganic substance layer 5.
- FIG. In order to ensure, it is an optical adjustment layer that adjusts the optical properties of the transparent conductive film 1.
- the first optical adjustment layer 4 has a film shape (including a sheet shape).
- the first optical adjustment layer 4 is disposed on the entire upper surface of the second optical adjustment layer 3 so as to be in contact with the upper surface of the second optical adjustment layer 3. Has been.
- the first optical adjustment layer 4 is prepared from the first optical composition.
- the first optical composition contains, for example, a resin, preferably substantially made of resin, and more preferably made only of resin. That is, the first optical composition (and thus the first optical adjustment layer 4) preferably does not substantially contain particles.
- the resin is selected from, for example, resins exemplified in the second optical composition.
- the resin is preferably a thermosetting resin.
- thermosetting resin examples include silicone resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, polyimide resin, phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, and unsaturated polyester resin.
- an epoxy resin and a melamine resin are mentioned, More preferably, an epoxy resin is mentioned.
- the epoxy resin examples include bisphenol type epoxy resins such as bisphenol A type, bisphenol F type and bisphenol S type, for example, novolak type epoxy resins such as phenol novolak type and cresol novolak type, for example, triglycidyl isocyanurate type, hydantoin Type nitrogen-containing epoxy resins such as naphthalene type epoxy resins, biphenyl type epoxy resins, glycidyl ether type epoxy resins, dicyclo type epoxy resins, ester type epoxy resins, modified products thereof or hydrogenated products. .
- bisphenol type epoxy resins such as bisphenol A type, bisphenol F type and bisphenol S type
- novolak type epoxy resins such as phenol novolak type and cresol novolak type
- hydantoin Type nitrogen-containing epoxy resins such as naphthalene type epoxy resins, biphenyl type epoxy resins, glycidyl ether type epoxy resins, dicyclo type epoxy resins, ester type epoxy
- the epoxy resin can be prepared as an epoxy resin composition containing an epoxy resin and a curing agent by blending a curing agent.
- the curing agent include curing agents for epoxy resins such as polyamine curing agents, amide curing agents, acid anhydride curing agents, dihydrazide curing agents, urea curing agents, imidazole curing agents, and imidazoline curing agents. Is mentioned.
- the blending ratio of the curing agent is, for example, 0.05 parts by mass or more, preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, and for example, 3.0 parts by mass or less, preferably 100 parts by mass of the epoxy resin. 1.0 parts by mass or less.
- substantially free of particles described as a preferred embodiment of the first optical composition means that the particles may contain an extremely small amount of particles as impurities. It means that the content ratio of the particles is, for example, less than 1% by mass, preferably less than 0.1% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition.
- the first optical composition can contain, for example, a resin and particles.
- the particles are appropriately selected and preferably include silica particles.
- the content ratio of the particles is, for example, 11 parts by mass or more, preferably 42 parts by mass or more, and for example, 150 parts by mass or less, preferably 110 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin.
- the content ratio of the particles is, for example, 10% by mass or more, preferably 30% by mass or more, and, for example, 60% by mass or less, preferably 55% by mass or less with respect to the first optical composition. It is.
- the first optical adjustment layer 4 has a refractive index nC lower than the refractive index nA of the transparent substrate 2.
- the refractive index nC of the first optical adjustment layer 4 is measured by, for example, an Abbe refractometer.
- the refractive index nC of the first optical adjustment layer 4 is higher than or the same as the refractive index nA of the transparent substrate 2, the optical characteristics of the transparent conductive film 1 (specifically, the visual recognition of the wiring pattern). Suppression) is reduced.
- the ratio (nC / nA) of the refractive index nC of the first optical adjustment layer 4 to the refractive index nA of the transparent substrate 2 is less than 1, preferably 0.99 or less, more preferably 0.95 or less. For example, it is 0.80 or more.
- the value obtained by subtracting the refractive index nC of the first optical adjustment layer 4 from the refractive index nA of the transparent substrate 2 is, for example, 0.01 or more, preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.10 or more, and for example, 0.30 or less, preferably 0.25 or less.
- the refractive index nC of the first optical adjustment layer 4 is, for example, less than 1.60, preferably 1.55 or less, more preferably 1.53 or less, and, for example, 1.20. As mentioned above, Preferably, it is 1.30 or more.
- the refractive index nC, the ratio (nC / nA), and / or the difference (nA ⁇ nC) of the first optical adjustment layer 4 exceeds the lower limit, the optical properties (specifically, the transparent conductive film 1) , Reduction in pattern visibility) can be suppressed.
- the thickness TC of the first optical adjustment layer 4 is 10 nm or more and 35 nm or less.
- the thickness TB of the first optical adjustment layer 4 is measured by, for example, cross-sectional observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- the thickness TC of the first optical adjustment layer 4 is less than 10 nm, excellent transparency in the transparent conductive film 1 cannot be ensured. On the other hand, if the thickness TC of the first optical adjustment layer 4 exceeds 35 nm, the visual recognition of the wiring pattern in the transparent conductive layer 6 cannot be suppressed.
- the thickness TC of the first optical adjustment layer 4 is preferably 15 nm or more.
- the ratio (TC / TB) of the thickness TC of the first optical adjustment layer 4 to the thickness TB of the second optical adjustment layer 3 is, for example, 0.020 or more, preferably 0.050 or more, more preferably 0.100 or more, more preferably 0.120 or more, and for example, 0.500 or less, preferably 0.200 or less, more preferably 0.250 or less, and further preferably 0.150 or less. It is.
- the thickness TC and / or the ratio (TC / TB) of the first optical adjustment layer 4 is equal to or greater than the above lower limit, excellent transparency can be ensured.
- the thickness TC of the first optical adjustment layer 4 is not more than the above upper limit, the visual recognition of the wiring pattern in the transparent conductive layer 6 can be suppressed. 5.
- the inorganic layer 5 adjusts the optical properties of the transparent conductive film 1 so as to suppress the visual recognition of the wiring pattern in the transparent conductive layer 6 together with the second optical adjustment layer 3 and the first optical adjustment layer 4 described above. It is an optical adjustment layer (third optical adjustment layer).
- the inorganic layer 5 has a film shape (including a sheet shape) and is disposed, for example, on the entire upper surface of the first optical adjustment layer 4 so as to be in contact with the upper surface of the first optical adjustment layer 4. .
- the inorganic layer 5 is prepared from an inorganic material having predetermined optical properties.
- inorganic substances examples include oxides and fluorides.
- oxide examples include silicon oxide (specifically, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), silicon monoxide (SiO), and the like), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), and the like.
- the fluoride examples include alkali metal fluorides such as sodium fluoride (NaF), trisodium hexafluoroaluminate (Na 3 AlF 6 ), lithium fluoride (LiF), and magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ).
- alkaline earth metals such as calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) and barium fluoride (BaF 2 ), and rare earth fluorides such as lanthanum fluoride (LaF 3 ) and cerium fluoride (CeF).
- Inorganic materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the inorganic substance is preferably an oxide from the viewpoint of securing a desired refractive index nD (described later), and more preferably silicon dioxide (SiO 2 : refractive index 1.47).
- the refractive index nD of the inorganic layer 5 is measured by, for example, an Abbe refractometer.
- the refractive index nD of the inorganic layer 5 has a refractive index nD higher than the absolute value ABV, visual recognition of the wiring pattern in the transparent conductive layer 6 cannot be suppressed.
- nD refractive index
- the refractive index nD of the inorganic layer 5 within the above range, reflection between the first optical adjustment layer 4 and the inorganic layer 5 can be suppressed, and as a result, the visual recognition of the wiring pattern can be improved.
- the refractive index nD of the inorganic layer 5 is, for example, 1.30 or more, preferably 1.40 or more, and for example, 2.00 or less, preferably 1.90 or less, more preferably. Is 1.80 or less, more preferably 1.72 or less, particularly preferably 1.60 or less, and most preferably 1.50 or less.
- the ratio (nD / nC) of the refractive index nD of the inorganic layer 5 to the refractive index nC of the first optical adjustment layer 4 is, for example, 0.800 or more, for example, 1.500 or less, preferably 1 100 or less.
- the refractive index nD and / or the ratio (nD / nC) of the inorganic layer 5 is equal to or higher than the above lower limit, it is possible to suppress a decrease in optical properties.
- the nD and / or the ratio (nD / nC) of the inorganic layer 5 is equal to or less than the above upper limit, the visual recognition of the wiring pattern can be suppressed.
- the thickness TD of the inorganic layer 5 is, for example, 20 nm or less, preferably 15 nm or less, more preferably 13 nm or less, still more preferably 10 nm or less, and, for example, 1.0 nm or more, preferably 1.5 nm. That's it.
- the thickness TD of the inorganic layer 5 is measured by cross-sectional observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- the ratio (TD / TC) of the thickness TD of the inorganic layer 5 to the thickness TC of the first optical adjustment layer 4 is, for example, more than 0.050, preferably 0.060 or more, more preferably 0.070. For example, it is 0.500 or less, preferably 0.450 or less, more preferably 0.350 or less, still more preferably 0.120 or less, and particularly preferably 0.100 or less.
- the thickness TD and / or the ratio (TD / TC) of the inorganic layer 5 is equal to or less than the above upper limit, the transparency in the transparent conductive film 1 is excellent, and the inorganic layer 5 and the transparent conductive layer 6 By reducing the total thickness, it is possible to suppress an increase in the stress applied to the transparent conductive layer 6 and to prevent the transparent conductive layer 6 from being damaged.
- Transparent conductive layer is a conductive layer for forming a pattern portion 7 by forming it in a wiring pattern in a later step, as shown in FIG.
- the transparent conductive layer 6 is the uppermost layer of the transparent conductive film 1 and has a film shape (including a sheet shape).
- the material for forming the transparent conductive layer 6 is, for example, at least selected from the group consisting of In, Sn, Zn, Ga, Sb, Ti, Si, Zr, Mg, Al, Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, and W.
- a metal oxide containing one kind of metal can be given. If necessary, the metal oxide can be further doped with a metal atom shown in the above group.
- the material is preferably indium tin composite oxide (ITO), antimony tin composite oxide (ATO), or the like, and more preferably ITO.
- ITO indium tin composite oxide
- ATO antimony tin composite oxide
- the material may be crystalline or amorphous, or may be a mixture of crystalline and amorphous.
- the material is preferably crystalline.
- the refractive index nE of the transparent conductive layer 6 is, for example, 1.70 or more, preferably 1.80 or more, and, for example, 2.10 or less, preferably 2.00 or less.
- the refractive index nE of the transparent conductive layer 6 is measured by, for example, an Abbe refractometer.
- the thickness TE of the transparent conductive layer 6 is, for example, 15 nm or more, preferably 20 nm or more, more preferably 25 nm or more, and for example, 50 nm or less, preferably 35 nm or less.
- the thickness TE of the transparent conductive layer 6 is calculated by measuring the X-ray reflectivity with a powder X-ray diffractometer, and details thereof will be described later in Examples.
- the ratio (TE / TD) of the thickness TE of the transparent conductive layer 6 to the thickness TD of the inorganic layer 5 is, for example, 5 or more, preferably 8 or more, and for example, 20 or less, preferably 15 It is as follows.
- the transparent conductive layer 6 When the thickness TE and / or the ratio (TE / TD) of the transparent conductive layer 6 is not less than the above lower limit, the transparent conductive layer 6 having a low resistance suitable for use in a patch panel can be obtained. On the other hand, if the thickness TE and / or the ratio (TE / TD) of the transparent conductive layer 6 is equal to or lower than the above upper limit, the stress applied to the transparent conductive layer 6 can be suppressed, and the transparent conductive layer 6 is damaged such as cracks. Risk that occurs can be reduced. 7). Next, a method for producing the transparent conductive film 1 will be described.
- the transparent conductive film 1 for example, the second optical adjustment layer 3, the first optical adjustment layer 4, the inorganic material layer 5, and the transparent conductive layer 6 are arranged on the transparent substrate 2 in the order described above. (Lamination).
- a transparent substrate 2 is prepared.
- the second optical composition is disposed on the upper surface of the transparent substrate 2 by, for example, wet processing.
- a diluted solution obtained by diluting the second optical composition with a solvent is prepared, and then the diluted solution is applied to the upper surface of the second optical adjustment layer 3 and the diluted solution is dried.
- the solvent examples include an organic solvent and an aqueous solvent (specifically, water), and an organic solvent is preferable.
- organic solvent include alcohol compounds such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol; ketone compounds such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK); ester compounds such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, such as toluene and xylene. And aromatic compounds.
- a ketone compound is used.
- Solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the second optical composition is diluted with a solvent so that the solid content concentration in the diluent is, for example, 0.5% by mass or more and 5.0% by mass or less.
- Examples of the coating method include a fountain coating method, a die coating method, a spin coating method, a spray coating method, a gravure coating method, a roll coating method, and a bar coating method.
- the drying temperature is, for example, 60 ° C. or higher, preferably 80 ° C. or higher, for example, 250 ° C. or lower, preferably 200 ° C. or lower.
- the drying time is, for example, 1.0 minute or more, preferably 2.0 minutes or more, for example, 1.0 hour or less, preferably 0.5 hour or less.
- the second optical composition is formed into a film shape on the upper surface of the transparent substrate 2 by the application and drying described above.
- the active energy ray-curable resin is cured by irradiating the active energy ray after the diluted solution is dried.
- the second optical adjustment layer 3 is formed on the entire upper surface of the transparent substrate 2.
- the first optical composition is disposed on the upper surface of the second optical adjustment layer 3 by, for example, wet processing.
- a diluted solution obtained by diluting the first optical composition with a solvent is prepared, and then the diluted solution is applied to the upper surface of the transparent substrate 2 and the diluted solution is dried.
- Examples of the solid content concentration, the solvent, the coating method, and the drying method in the diluted solution are the same as those exemplified for the diluted solution of the second optical composition.
- thermosetting resin when a 1st optical composition contains a thermosetting resin, a thermosetting resin can be thermoset by drying mentioned above with the drying of a solvent.
- the first optical adjustment layer 4 is formed on the upper surface of the second optical adjustment layer 3.
- the transparent substrate, the second optical adjustment layer, and the first optical adjustment layer are allowed to stand in a reduced pressure atmosphere of, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 Pa or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less.
- a reduced pressure atmosphere of, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 Pa or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less.
- the degassing treatment is performed using an exhaust device (specifically, including a turbo molecular pump or the like) provided in a dry-type device described in detail later.
- the inorganic layer 5 is disposed on the upper surface of the first optical adjustment layer 4 by, for example, a dry method.
- Examples of the dry method include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, and an ion plating method.
- a sputtering method is used.
- a magnetron sputtering method can be mentioned.
- the target material includes the above-described inorganic substances.
- Examples of the gas used in the sputtering method include an inert gas such as Ar.
- a reactive sputtering method is employed.
- reactive sputtering an element contained in an oxide is used as a target material, a reactive gas such as oxygen is introduced as a gas during reactive sputtering, and the element reacts in a reactive sputtering transient (specifically, Is oxidized).
- the percentage of the flow rate of the reactive gas with respect to the total flow rate of the inert gas and the reactive gas is, for example, 0.1% or more and 60% or less.
- the emission intensity of plasma and the discharge voltage during reactive sputtering are monitored to control the transition region.
- the film formation rate can be improved.
- the oxidation number of the inorganic layer 5 (and consequently the refractive index nD of the inorganic layer 5) can be controlled by controlling the light emission intensity of the plasma.
- the power source used in the sputtering method may be, for example, any one of a DC power source, an MF power source, and an RF power source, or a combination thereof.
- the inorganic layer 5 is formed on the entire upper surface of the first optical adjustment layer 4.
- the transparent conductive layer 6 is disposed on the entire upper surface of the inorganic layer 5 by, for example, a dry method.
- Examples of the dry method include the same methods as described above, preferably a sputtering method, more preferably a magnetron sputtering method.
- the target material includes the above metal oxide.
- the gas and flow rate used in the sputtering method are the same as above.
- the transparent conductive layer 6 is disposed on the upper surface of the inorganic layer 5.
- the transparent conductive layer 6 is crystallized.
- the transparent conductive layer 6 is heated.
- the specific resistance of the transparent conductive layer 6 in the transparent conductive film 1 is, for example, 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, and for example, 1.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
- the transparent conductive film 1 including the transparent substrate 2, the second optical adjustment layer 3, the first optical adjustment layer 4, the inorganic layer 5, and the transparent conductive layer 6 is provided. obtain.
- the total thickness of the transparent conductive film 1 is, for example, 2 ⁇ m or more, preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, and for example, 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the second optical adjustment layer 3, the first optical adjustment layer 4, the inorganic layer 5, and the upper surface of the transparent base material 2 are conveyed on the upper surface of the transparent base material 2 while being conveyed in a roll-to-roll manner.
- the transparent conductive layer 6 may be formed in order, or some or all of these layers may be formed in a batch system.
- the transparent conductive layer 6 is formed into a wiring pattern by etching, and the pattern portion 7 and the non-pattern portion 8 are formed on the inorganic layer 5. .
- the upper surface of the inorganic layer 5 is exposed from the pattern part 7.
- the width L of each pattern portion 7 is, for example, 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less, and the interval S between adjacent pattern portions 7 (that is, the width S of the non-pattern portion 8) is, for example, 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less. is there.
- the transparent conductive film 1 is provided in an image display device, for example.
- This transparent conductive film 1 is used for the base material for touchscreens, for example.
- the touch panel format include various systems such as an optical system, an ultrasonic system, a capacitive system, and a resistive film system, and the touch panel is particularly preferably used for a capacitive touch panel. 8).
- This transparent conductive film 1 includes the first optical adjustment layer 4 having a specific refractive index nC and a thickness TC, and the inorganic layer 5 having a specific refractive index nD, so that the transparent conductive layer 6 is damaged. While suppressing generation
- the transparent conductive film 1 further includes a second optical adjustment layer 3 disposed between the transparent substrate 2 and the first optical adjustment layer 4, and the second optical adjustment layer 3 is a transparent substrate. Since the refractive index nB is higher than the refractive index nA of 2, the visual recognition of the wiring pattern can be further suppressed, and the scratch resistance is further improved.
- the thickness TB of the second optical adjustment layer 3 is in the specific range described above, the visual recognition of the wiring pattern can be further suppressed and the scratch resistance is further improved.
- the transparent conductive layer 6 since the thickness TD of the inorganic layer 5 is in a specific range, the transparent conductive layer 6 can be further prevented from being damaged.
- the transparent conductive layer 6 since the thickness TD of the inorganic layer 5 is in a specific range, the transparent conductive layer 6 can be further prevented from being damaged.
- the transparent conductive layer 6 is easily damaged. This is expected when the lower layer of the transparent conductive layer 6 contains a large amount of impure gas or becomes higher as the linear expansion coefficient due to heat increases.
- the transparent conductive film 1 includes the specific first optical adjustment layer 4 and the inorganic layer 5 described above, the lower layer of the transparent conductive layer 6 hardly contains impure gas, and the expansion rate of the inorganic layer 5 is low. Therefore, the above-described damage in the transparent conductive layer 6 can be effectively suppressed.
- the unevenness caused by the particles causes a local stress increase in the inorganic layer 5 and the transparent conductive layer 6, so that damage in the transparent conductive layer 6 may not be effectively suppressed. is there.
- this transparent conductive film 1 when the 1st optical adjustment layer 4 consists only of resin, since the above-mentioned stress increase can be suppressed, the damage in the transparent conductive layer 6 can be suppressed effectively.
- the 2nd optical adjustment layer 3 is made to contact the upper surface of the transparent base material 2, it is not limited to this.
- the second optical adjustment layer 3 may not be brought into contact with the upper surface of the transparent substrate 2 and another layer may be interposed therebetween.
- the first optical adjustment layer 4 is in contact with the upper surface of the second optical adjustment layer 3, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the first optical adjustment layer 4 may not be brought into contact with the upper surface of the second optical adjustment layer 3, and other layers may be interposed therebetween.
- the inorganic substance layer 5 is made to contact the upper surface of the 1st optical adjustment layer 4, it is not limited to this.
- the inorganic layer 5 may not be brought into contact with the upper surface of the first optical adjustment layer 4 and another layer may be interposed therebetween.
- Second Embodiment In the second embodiment, the same members and steps as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the transparent conductive film 1 includes a transparent substrate 2, a first optical adjustment layer 4, an inorganic layer 5, and a transparent conductive layer 6 in this order. That is, the transparent conductive film 1 includes a transparent substrate 2, a first optical adjustment layer 4 disposed on the transparent substrate 2, an inorganic layer 5 disposed on the first optical adjustment layer 4, A transparent conductive layer 6 disposed on the inorganic layer 5. That is, the transparent conductive film 1 of the second embodiment is the second optical adjustment layer disposed between the transparent substrate 2 and the first optical adjustment layer 4 in the transparent conductive film 1 of the first embodiment. 3 is not provided. Preferably, the transparent conductive film 1 includes only the transparent substrate 2, the first optical adjustment layer 4, the inorganic layer 5, and the transparent conductive layer 6.
- the first optical adjustment layer 4 is disposed, for example, on the entire upper surface of the transparent substrate 2 so as to be in contact with the upper surface of the transparent substrate 2.
- the transparent conductive film 1 of the second embodiment for example, the first optical adjustment layer 4, the inorganic layer 5, and the transparent conductive layer 6 are arranged (laminated) on the transparent substrate 2 in the order described above. )
- the transparent conductive film 1 of 2nd Embodiment there can exist the same effect as the transparent conductive film 1 of 1st Embodiment.
- the transparent conductive film 1 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3 does not include the second optical adjustment layer 3 unlike the transparent conductive film 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the transparent conductive film 1 can be easily obtained. Further, the transparent conductive film 1 can be thinned.
- the transparent conductive film 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 includes the second optical adjustment layer 3 unlike the transparent conductive film 1 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. Can be obtained.
- the 1st optical adjustment layer 4 is made to contact the upper surface of the transparent base material 2, it is not limited to this.
- the first optical adjustment layer 4 may not be brought into contact with the upper surface of the transparent substrate 2 and other layers may be interposed therebetween.
- Example 1 Preparation of transparent substrate
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- Diafoil manufactured by Mitsubishi Plastics, Inc.
- Second optical composition an ultraviolet curable resin composition
- second optical composition comprising an ultraviolet curable acrylic resin and zirconium oxide (ZnO 2 ) particles (average particle size 20 nm) so that the solid content concentration is 5% by mass.
- diluted with an ultraviolet curable resin composition was applied to the upper surface of the transparent substrate and dried to form an ultraviolet curable resin composition in a film shape.
- the ultraviolet curable resin composition was cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays.
- a second optical adjustment layer having a thickness of 200 nm was formed on the entire upper surface of the transparent substrate.
- thermosetting resin composition (first optical composition) comprising 100 parts by mass of a thermosetting epoxy resin and 1 part by mass of a curing agent for epoxy resin so that the solid content concentration is 0.8% by mass. Then, the thermosetting resin composition was diluted to prepare a diluted solution of the thermosetting resin composition. Next, the diluted solution was applied to the upper surface of the second optical adjustment layer and heated at 195 ° C. for 1 minute to dry the diluted solution and cure the thermosetting resin composition.
- a first optical adjustment layer having a thickness of 25 nm was formed on the entire upper surface of the second optical adjustment layer.
- the laminated film consisting of the transparent substrate, the second optical adjustment layer, and the first optical adjustment layer was mounted on a DC magnetron sputtering apparatus, and wound up while closely contacting and running on a heated film forming roll. While running the laminated film, the vacuum degree of the atmosphere was set to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa by an exhaust device (such as a turbo molecular pump) provided in the DC magnetron sputtering apparatus.
- an exhaust device such as a turbo molecular pump
- An inorganic material layer made of SiO 2 (silicon dioxide) and having a thickness of 2 nm was formed on the upper surface of the first optical adjustment layer by a DC magnetron sputtering method.
- the sputtering conditions were as follows.
- Target material Si Gas: Ar and O 2 : (O 2 flow ratio 30% (/ Ar and O 2 total flow)) Decompression degree: 0.2 Pa (Formation of transparent conductive layer)
- a transparent conductive layer made of ITO and having a thickness of 26 nm was formed on the top surface of the inorganic layer by DC magnetron sputtering while maintaining the vacuum degree of the vacuum sputtering apparatus.
- the inorganic layer was amorphous.
- the sputtering conditions were as follows.
- Target material ITO with a tin oxide concentration of 10% by mass Gas: Ar and O 2 (O 2 flow ratio: 0.1% (/ Ar and O 2 total flow)) Decompression degree: 0.4 Pa (Crystallization)
- a laminated film in which the second optical adjustment layer, the first optical adjustment layer, the inorganic layer, and the amorphous transparent conductive layer are sequentially formed on the transparent substrate is taken out from the DC magnetron sputtering apparatus. Then, heat treatment was performed in an oven at 150 ° C. for 120 minutes. Thereby, the transparent conductive layer was crystallized. Thereby, the transparent conductive film in which the second optical adjustment layer, the first optical adjustment layer, the inorganic layer, and the crystalline transparent conductive layer were sequentially formed on the transparent substrate was manufactured (FIG. 1). reference).
- Example 2 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the second optical adjustment layer was changed to 100 nm (see FIG. 1).
- Example 3 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the second optical adjustment layer was changed to 300 nm (see FIG. 1).
- Example 4 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the first optical adjustment layer was changed to 5 nm (see FIG. 1).
- Example 5 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the first optical adjustment layer was changed to 35 nm (see FIG. 1).
- Example 6 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an inorganic layer made of SiO (silicon monoxide) was formed (see FIG. 1).
- SiO silicon monoxide
- Example 7 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the first optical adjustment layer contained hollow nanosilica particles (average particle size 45 nm) (see FIG. 1).
- the first optical adjustment layer was formed as follows.
- a hollow nanosilica particle-containing acrylate resin (silica particle average particle size 45 nm, silica nanoparticle content 80% by mass) and MIBK are mixed, and a particle-containing resin mixed solution having a solid content concentration of 1.5% by mass.
- the particle-containing resin mixture was subjected to ultrasonic dispersion for 5 minutes to uniformly disperse each component.
- the particle-containing resin mixed solution is coated on the upper surface of the second optical adjustment layer by using a bar coater, dried in an oven at 80 ° C. for 1 minute, and then irradiated with UV (integrated light amount 300 mJ).
- An optical adjustment layer (thickness 25 nm, particle-containing optical adjustment layer) was formed.
- Example 8 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the inorganic layer was changed to 10 nm (see FIG. 1).
- Example 9 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the inorganic layer was changed to 12 nm (see FIG. 1).
- Example 10 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the second optical adjustment layer was not formed (see FIG. 3).
- Example 11 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the second optical adjustment layer was changed to 90 nm (see FIG. 1).
- Example 12 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the second optical adjustment layer was changed to 350 nm (see FIG. 1).
- Comparative Example 1 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the inorganic layer was not formed.
- a transparent conductive film consists only of a transparent base material, a 2nd optical adjustment layer, a 1st optical adjustment layer, and a transparent conductive layer.
- the transparent conductive layer was in contact with the upper surface of the first optical adjustment layer.
- Comparative Example 2 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the second optical adjustment layer was not formed and the thickness of the first optical adjustment layer was changed to 3 nm (see FIG. 3).
- Comparative Example 3 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the second optical adjustment layer was not formed and the thickness of the first optical adjustment layer was changed to 40 nm (see FIG. 3).
- Comparative Example 4 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the first optical adjustment layer was changed to 3 nm (see FIG. 1).
- Comparative Example 5 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the first optical adjustment layer was changed to 40 nm (see FIG. 1).
- the second optical adjustment layer is formed with the formulation for forming the first optical adjustment layer in Example 1, and then the first optical adjustment layer is formed with the formulation for forming the second optical adjustment layer in Example 1.
- a transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that.
- Comparative Example 7 A transparent conductive film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an Nb 2 O 5 layer was formed as the inorganic layer (see FIG. 1).
- the X-ray reflectivity method is used as a measurement principle
- the X-ray reflectivity is measured with a powder X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku Corporation, “RINT-2000”) under the following measurement conditions, and the obtained measurement data is analyzed. It calculated by analyzing with software (Rigaku company make, "GXRR3").
- the analysis conditions are as follows. A two-layer model consisting of a transparent base material and a transparent conductive layer having a density of 7.1 g / cm 3 is adopted, and the thickness (TE) and surface roughness of the transparent conductive layer are used as variables. Fitting was performed and the thickness of the transparent conductive layer was calculated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- the produced transparent conductive film was cut out with a size of 6 cm ⁇ 6 cm, and three polyimide tapes having a width of 1 mm were stuck in a stripe at 10 mm intervals on the surface of the transparent conductive layer of the cut out transparent conductive film.
- the transparent conductive layer was etched by impregnating with 10% by mass hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 50 ° C. in this state (see FIGS. 2 and 4).
- the polyimide tape was peeled off from the transparent conductive film, dried at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then attached to a glass plate having a thickness of 700 ⁇ m using a transparent paste.
- the transparent conductive layer was stuck to the glass plate via glue. In this state, the sample was allowed to stand in an environment of 85 ° C. and 85% RH for a certain period of time. Thereafter, the transparent conductive layer was observed with a laser microscope at a magnification of 20 times for cracks (damage).
- a transparent conductive film heated at 140 ° C. for 90 minutes was cut out in a 5 cm ⁇ 11 cm rectangle, and a silver paste was applied to 5 mm portions at both ends on the long side, followed by natural drying for 48 hours.
- the lower surface of the transparent base material in the transparent conductive film was attached to a glass plate with an adhesive to obtain a sample for scratch resistance evaluation.
- a 10-pen tester manufactured by MTM
- 10 cm in the long side direction at the central position (2.5 cm position) on the short side of the sample for scratch resistance evaluation was rubbed with a length of.
- the resistance value (R0) of the sample for scuffing evaluation before rubbing and the resistance value (R20) of the sample for scuffing evaluation after rubbing are set to the central position (5.5 cm) on the long side of the sample for scuffing evaluation.
- the position was measured by applying a tester to the silver paste portions at both ends, and the resistance to scratch (R20 / R0) was determined to evaluate the scratch resistance.
- DOT-3C high-speed integrating sphere type spectral transmittance measuring device, manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory Co., Ltd.
- a transmission spectrum was obtained from the transparent substrate side.
- the transmission Y value was calculated from the spectrum.
- the light source used was a D65 light source defined in JIS Z 8716 and the viewing angle was 2 degrees.
- Transmission Y was less than 88.
- the wiring pattern visibility was evaluated by the following operation.
- a polyimide tape having a width of 1 mm is applied in a striped manner along the short side direction of the transparent conductive film of the transparent conductive film of 5 cm ⁇ 10 cm at intervals of 2 mm, and 5% in hydrochloric acid at 50 ° C. and 10% by mass. Impregnated for minutes.
- the transparent conductive layer was formed into a wiring pattern having a stripe-shaped pattern portion.
- the polyimide tape was peeled off, and a transparent conductive layer was pasted on the blackboard to prepare a sample for wiring pattern visibility evaluation.
- ⁇ The pattern of the conductive layer is hardly visible, but may be visible when the angle is changed.
- the pattern of the conductive layer is easily visually recognized.
- the transparent conductive film is used for a touch panel, for example.
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Abstract
Description
図1において、紙面上下方向は、上下方向(厚み方向の一例、第1方向)であって、紙面上側が、上側(厚み方向一方側、第1方向一方側)、紙面下側が、下側(厚み方向他方側、第1方向他方側)である。具体的には、各図の方向矢印に準拠する。
1. 透明導電性フィルム
透明導電性フィルム1は、所定の厚みを有するフィルム形状(シート形状を含む)をなし、厚み方向と直交する所定方向(面方向)に延び、平坦な上面および平坦な下面を有する。透明導電性フィルム1は、例えば、画像表示装置に備えられるタッチパネル用基材などの一部品であり、つまり、画像表示装置ではない。すなわち、透明導電性フィルム1は、画像表示装置などを作製するための部品であり、LCDモジュールなどの画像表示素子を含まず、部品単独で流通し、産業上利用可能なデバイスである。
2. 透明基材
透明基材2は、透明導電性フィルム1の最下層であって、透明導電性フィルム1の機械強度を確保する支持材である。透明基材2は、透明導電層6を、第2光学調整層3、第1光学調整層4および無機物層5とともに、支持している。
3. 第2光学調整層3
第2光学調整層3は、後述する第1光学調整層4および無機物層5とともに、図2が参照されるように、透明導電層6を後の工程で配線パターンに形成した後に、パターン部7と非パターン部8との相違が認識されないように(すなわち、配線パターンの視認を抑制するように)、透明導電性フィルム1の光学物性を調整する光学調整層である。また、第2光学調整層3は、透明導電層6の上面(すなわち、透明導電性フィルム1の表面)に擦り傷を生じにくくする(すなわち、優れた耐擦傷性を得る)ための、擦傷保護層でもある。
4. 第1光学調整層
第1光学調整層4は、第2光学調整層3および無機物層5とともに、透明導電層6における配線パターンの視認を抑制しつつ、透明導電性フィルム1に優れた透明性を確保するために、透明導電性フィルム1の光学物性を調整する光学調整層である。
5. 無機物層
無機物層5は、上記した第2光学調整層3および第1光学調整層4とともに、透明導電層6における配線パターンの視認を抑制するように、透明導電性フィルム1の光学物性を調整する光学調整層(第3光学調整層)である。
6. 透明導電層
透明導電層6は、図2が参照されるように、後の工程で配線パターンに形成して、パターン部7を形成するための導電層である。
7. 透明導電性フィルムの製造方法
次に、透明導電性フィルム1を製造する方法を説明する。
8. 作用効果
この透明導電性フィルム1は、特定の屈折率nCおよび厚みTCを有する第1光学調整層4と、特定の屈折率nDを有する無機物層5とを備えるので、透明導電層6に損傷が生じることを抑制しつつ、透明導電層6における配線パターン(パターン部7、図2参照)の視認を抑制でき、かつ、優れた耐擦傷性および優れた透明性を有する。
<変形例>
第1実施形態において、第2光学調整層3を透明基材2の上面に接触させているが、これに限定されない。例えば、図示しないが、第2光学調整層3を透明基材2の上面に接触させず、それらの間に他の層を介在させることもできる。
<第2実施形態>
第2実施形態において、第1実施形態と同様の部材および工程については、同一の参照符号を付し、その詳細な説明を省略する。
<変形例>
第2実施形態において、第1光学調整層4を透明基材2の上面に接触させているが、これに限定されない。例えば、図示しないが、第1光学調整層4を透明基材2の上面に接触させず、それらの間に他の層を介在させることもできる。
(透明基材の用意)
透明基材として、厚み50μmのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム(三菱樹脂社製、商品名「ダイアホイル」)を用意した。
紫外線硬化型アクリル樹脂と、酸化ジルコニウム(ZnO2)粒子(平均粒径20nm)とからなる紫外線硬化型樹脂組成物(第2光学組成物)を、固形分濃度が5質量%になるようにMIBKで希釈して、紫外線硬化型樹脂組成物の希釈液を調製した。次いで、希釈液を、透明基材の上面に塗布し、乾燥させて、紫外線硬化型樹脂組成物をフィルム形状に形成した。次いで、紫外線硬化型樹脂組成物に紫外線を照射して硬化させた。
熱硬化型エポキシ樹脂100質量部とエポキシ樹脂用硬化剤1質量部とからなる熱硬化性樹脂組成物(第1光学組成物)を、固形分濃度が0.8質量%となるように、MIBKで熱硬化性樹脂組成物を希釈して、熱硬化性樹脂組成物の希釈液を調製した。次いで、希釈液を第2光学調整層の上面に塗布し、195℃で1分間、加熱することにより、希釈液を乾燥して、熱硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化させた。
透明基材、第2光学調整層および第1光学調整層からなる積層フィルムを、DCマグネトロンスパッタ装置へ装着し、加熱した成膜ロールに密着および走行させながら巻き取った。積層フィルムを走行させながら、DCマグネトロンスパッタ装置に備えられる排気装置(ターボ分子ポンプなど)により、雰囲気の真空度を1×10-4Paとした。
DCマグネトロンスパッタリング法により、SiO2(二酸化ケイ素)からなる、厚み2nmの無機物層を、第1光学調整層の上面に形成した。
ガス:ArおよびO2:(O2流量比30%(/ArおよびO2の合計流量))
減圧度:0.2Pa
(透明導電層の形成)
真空スパッタ装置の真空度を維持したまま、DCマグネトロンスパッタリング法により、ITOからなる、厚み26nmの透明導電層を、無機物層の上面に形成した。なお、無機物層は、非晶質であった。
ガス:ArおよびO2(O2流量比:0.1%(/ArおよびO2の合計流量))
減圧度:0.4Pa
(結晶化)
次いで、透明基材の上に、第2光学調整層と、第1光学調整層と、無機物層と、非晶質の透明導電層とが順に形成された積層フィルムを、DCマグネトロンスパッタ装置から取り出して、150℃のオーブン内で120分加熱処理した。これにより、透明導電層を結晶化させた。これにより、透明基材の上に、第2光学調整層と、第1光学調整層と、無機物層と、結晶質の透明導電層とが順に形成された透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図1参照)。
第2光学調整層の厚みを100nmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図1参照)。
第2光学調整層の厚みを300nmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図1参照)。
第1光学調整層の厚みを5nmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図1参照)。
第1光学調整層の厚みを35nmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図1参照)。
SiO(一酸化ケイ素)からなる無機物層を形成した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図1参照)。
ガス:ArおよびO2:(O2流量比15%(/ArおよびO2の合計流量))
減圧度:0.2Pa
実施例7
第1光学調整層に、中空ナノシリカ粒子(平均粒子径45nm)を含有させた以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図1参照)。
無機物層の厚みを10nmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図1参照)。
無機物層の厚みを12nmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図1参照)。
第2光学調整層を形成しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図3参照)。
第2光学調整層の厚みを90nmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図1参照)。
第2光学調整層の厚みを350nmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図1参照)。
無機物層を形成しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した。
第2光学調整層を形成せず、また、第1光学調整層の厚みを3nmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図3参照)。
第2光学調整層を形成せず、また、第1光学調整層の厚みを40nmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図3参照)。
第1光学調整層の厚みを3nmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図1参照)。
第1光学調整層の厚みを40nmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図1参照)。
まず、実施例1における第1光学調整層を形成する処方で、第2光学調整層を形成し、その後、実施例1における第2光学調整層を形成する処方で、第1光学調整層を形成した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した。
無機物層としてNb2O5層を形成した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理して透明導電性フィルムを製造した(図1参照)。
ガス:ArおよびO2:(O2流量比30%(/ArおよびO2の合計流量))
減圧度:0.2Pa
(厚みの測定)
A. 第2光学調整層の厚み(TB)、第1光学調整層の厚み(TC)、および、無機物層の厚み(TD)
各実施例および各比較例の透明導電性フィルムにおいて、第2光学調整層の厚み(TB)と、第1光学調整層の厚み(TC)と、無機物層の厚み(TD)とのそれぞれを、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)による断面観察により、測定した。結果を表1および表2に示す。
B.透明導電層の厚み(TE)
各実施例および各比較例の透明導電性フィルムにおいて、透明導電層の厚み(TE)を、以下の通りに、X線反射率を測定することにより、算出した。
光源: Cu-Kα線(波長:1,5418Å)、40kV、40mA
光学系: 平行ビーム光学系
発散スリット: 0.05mm
受光スリット: 0.05mm
単色化・平行化: 多層ゲーベルミラー使用
測定モード: θ/2θスキャンモード
測定範囲(2θ): 0.3~2.0°
[解析条件]
解析手法: 最小自乗フィッティング
解析範囲(2θ): 2θ=0.3~2.0°
C. 透明基材の厚みTA
透明基材の厚みTAについては、用意した透明基材のカタログに記載の数値をそのまま採用した。
D. 厚みの比
厚みの比、すなわち、TB/TA、TC/TB、TD/TC、TE/TDを、それぞれ算出した。結果を表1および表2に示す。
各実施例および各比較例の透明導電性フィルムにおいて、第2光学調整層の屈折率(nB)と、第1光学調整層の屈折率(nC)と、無機物層の屈折率(nD)と、透明導電層の屈折率(nE)とのそれぞれの屈折率を、アッベ屈折率計により測定した。
各実施例および各比較例の透明導電性フィルムを、以下の操作により、耐クラック性(損傷抑制)を、下記の基準に基づいて、評価した。
○:85℃85%RH環境下で、120時間経過後および240時間経過後のいずれにおいても、クラックの発生がない。
各実施例および各比較例の透明導電性フィルムを、以下の操作により、耐擦傷性を、下記の基準に基づいて、評価した。
荷重:127g/cm2
擦傷速度:13cm/秒(7.8m/分)
擦傷回数:20回(往復10回)
○:抵抗変化率が1.5以下
△:抵抗変化率が1.5を超え、2.5以下
×:抵抗変化率が2.5を超える
(透明性)
各実施例および各比較例の透明導電性フィルムの透過XYZ座標における透過Yを測定することにより、透明性を、下記の基準に基づいて、評価した。
○:透過Yが88以上であった。
配線パターン視認性は以下の操作で評価を行った。5cmx10cmの透明導電フィルムの透明導電層の表面に、透明導電性フィルムの短辺方向に沿って、ストライプ状に幅1mmのポリイミドテープを2mm間隔で貼付し、50℃、10質量%の塩酸に5分間含浸させた。これによって、図2に示すように、透明導電層を、ストライプ形状のパターン部を有する配線パターンに形成した。
○:導電層のパターンがほとんど視認されない。
2 透明基材
3 第2光学調整層
4 第1光学調整層
5 無機物層
6 透明導電層
ABV 絶対値(=|nC×1.13|)
nA 屈折率(透明基材)
nB 屈折率(第2光学調整層)
nC 屈折率(第1光学調整層)
nD 屈折率(無機物層)
TB 厚み(第2光学調整層)
TC 厚み(第1光学調整層)
TE 厚み(透明導電層)
Claims (6)
- 順に、透明基材と、第1光学調整層と、無機物層と、透明導電層とを備え、
前記第1光学調整層は、前記透明基材の屈折率よりも低い屈折率を有し、10nm以上、35nm以下の厚みを有し、
前記無機物層は、前記第1光学調整層の屈折率に1.13を乗じた値の絶対値よりも低いまたは前記絶対値と同じ屈折率を有することを特徴とする、透明導電性フィルム。 - 前記透明基材と、前記第1光学調整層との間に配置される第2光学調整層をさらに備え、
前記第2光学調整層は、前記透明基材の屈折率よりも高い屈折率を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の透明導電性フィルム。 - 前記第2光学調整層は、100nm以上、300nm以下の厚みを有することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の透明導電性フィルム。
- 前記無機物層は、1.5nm以上、10nm以下の厚みを有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の透明導電性フィルム。
- 前記透明導電層の厚みが、25nm以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の透明導電性フィルム。
- 前記第1光学調整層が、樹脂のみからなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の透明導電性フィルム。
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JP (3) | JP6207633B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR20160146492A (ja) |
CN (2) | CN105659198B (ja) |
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JP6412539B2 (ja) | 2015-11-09 | 2018-10-24 | 日東電工株式会社 | 光透過性導電フィルムおよび調光フィルム |
CN106843623A (zh) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-06-13 | 张家港康得新光电材料有限公司 | 一种电阻式触摸屏 |
WO2019012733A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-10 | 2019-01-17 | 東山フイルム株式会社 | 透明導電性フィルム用の光学調整層付きハードコートフィルム、および透明導電性フィルム |
KR102375637B1 (ko) * | 2017-08-08 | 2022-03-17 | 미쓰이금속광업주식회사 | 산화물 소결체 및 스퍼터링 타깃 |
JP2019200910A (ja) * | 2018-05-16 | 2019-11-21 | 日東電工株式会社 | 透明導電性ガラス |
JP7116994B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-27 | 2022-08-12 | ロック技研工業株式会社 | Itoフィルム及び透明導電性フィルム |
JP7320510B2 (ja) | 2018-08-01 | 2023-08-03 | 株式会社カネカ | 透明電極付き基板およびその製造方法 |
JP7305342B2 (ja) * | 2018-12-17 | 2023-07-10 | 日東電工株式会社 | 導電性フィルム |
JP7300855B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-13 | 2023-06-30 | 日東電工株式会社 | フィルム積層体、および、パターニング導電性フィルムの製造方法 |
JP2020167047A (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | 日東電工株式会社 | ヒータ |
JP7492916B2 (ja) * | 2019-06-27 | 2024-05-30 | 日東電工株式会社 | 透明導電性フィルム |
CN110230031B (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-03-02 | 中北大学 | 一种宽频带无源耐高温柔性振动传感器及其制备工艺 |
CN115769109A (zh) * | 2020-05-15 | 2023-03-07 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 防眩膜和图像显示装置 |
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- 2015-03-11 KR KR1020157035284A patent/KR20160146492A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-03-11 JP JP2015556294A patent/JP6207633B2/ja active Active
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- 2015-03-11 KR KR1020167005363A patent/KR20160146638A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-04-27 TW TW104113431A patent/TWI665092B/zh active
- 2015-04-27 TW TW104113429A patent/TWI665091B/zh active
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US20170047144A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
TWI665092B (zh) | 2019-07-11 |
US10186346B2 (en) | 2019-01-22 |
CN105659198A (zh) | 2016-06-08 |
WO2015166723A1 (ja) | 2015-11-05 |
CN105659198B (zh) | 2019-06-18 |
KR20160146638A (ko) | 2016-12-21 |
US10002687B2 (en) | 2018-06-19 |
TW201545898A (zh) | 2015-12-16 |
JP6207633B2 (ja) | 2017-10-04 |
TW201601930A (zh) | 2016-01-16 |
JP2017053038A (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
CN105452520A (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
JPWO2015166724A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
TWI665091B (zh) | 2019-07-11 |
JPWO2015166723A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
KR20160146492A (ko) | 2016-12-21 |
JP6082841B2 (ja) | 2017-02-15 |
US20160155531A1 (en) | 2016-06-02 |
CN105452520B (zh) | 2019-04-09 |
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