WO2015162696A1 - 空気調和機及びその除霜運転方法 - Google Patents
空気調和機及びその除霜運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015162696A1 WO2015162696A1 PCT/JP2014/061311 JP2014061311W WO2015162696A1 WO 2015162696 A1 WO2015162696 A1 WO 2015162696A1 JP 2014061311 W JP2014061311 W JP 2014061311W WO 2015162696 A1 WO2015162696 A1 WO 2015162696A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- defrosting operation
- hot gas
- air conditioner
- source side
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
- F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
- F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
- F25B47/025—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting by reversing the cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/029—Control issues
- F25B2313/0294—Control issues related to the outdoor fan, e.g. controlling speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2347/00—Details for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion
- F25B2347/02—Details of defrosting cycles
- F25B2347/021—Alternate defrosting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/11—Sensor to detect if defrost is necessary
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/15—Power, e.g. by voltage or current
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioner that performs a defrosting operation and a method for the defrosting operation.
- frost When heating a heat pump air conditioner, frost may form on the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger (heat source side heat exchanger). If the frost blocks the ventilation path between the fins in the outdoor heat exchanger, the heat exchange performance of the outdoor heat exchanger is reduced, and sufficient heating capacity cannot be obtained. For this reason, it is necessary to periodically determine the frost formation state of the outdoor heat exchanger and remove the frost.
- a four-way valve is switched to the cooling operation side to provide a reverse cycle defrosting operation to remove frost, and a hot gas bypass circuit that bypasses from the compressor discharge side and has an open / close valve is provided.
- a hot gas bypass defrosting operation is known in which a part of the compressor discharge gas refrigerant is connected to the exchanger inlet side to flow through the outdoor heat exchanger to remove frost.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-96033.
- a four-way valve will be switched and a reverse cycle defrosting operation will be performed, and the piping heat storage amount used as the defrost heat source detected by the heat storage amount detection means will be calculated.
- the four-way valve is switched to the positive cycle side and the hot gas bypass on-off valve is opened to perform the hot gas bypass defrosting operation.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-144960.
- the compressor rotation speed is a predetermined rotation speed.
- the invention performs defrosting by the reverse method, and when the compressor rotational speed is less than the predetermined rotational speed, the invention performs the defrosting operation by the hot gas bypass method by increasing the rotational speed of the compressor.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is bypassed, so that the heating operation and the defrosting operation can be performed simultaneously, and the refrigeration cycle is not switched to the reverse cycle by switching the four-way valve. Therefore, the increase in room temperature after defrosting can be accelerated.
- the reverse cycle defrosting operation In the reverse cycle defrosting operation, the flow of refrigerant is switched to the cooling side and high temperature refrigerant flows to the outdoor heat exchanger that has acted as an evaporator. In comparison with the hot gas bypass defrosting operation, the reverse cycle defrosting operation can complete the defrosting operation in a shorter time. If the defrosting operation can be completed in a short time, the heating operation time can be increased accordingly, so that the decrease in the total heating capacity during the operation of the air conditioner can be suppressed.
- the object of the present invention is to suppress the time for defrosting, which combines the defrosting operation and the time required to start the heating operation after the defrosting operation, thereby suppressing the decrease in the total heating capacity during the operation of the air conditioner It is in obtaining the air conditioner which can be performed, and its defrost operation method.
- the present invention provides an air conditioner in which a compressor, a four-way valve, a use side heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and a heat source side heat exchanger are connected to constitute a refrigeration cycle.
- Side a hot gas bypass circuit that connects between the heat source side heat exchanger and the expansion valve, an on-off valve that opens and closes a flow path of the hot gas bypass circuit, and an attachment to the heat source side heat exchanger
- a control device that performs control so that the defrosting operation is performed by selecting either the hot gas bypass defrosting operation or the reverse cycle defrosting operation according to the amount of frost, and the control device includes the hot gas bypass removal.
- the on-off valve of the hot gas bypass circuit When performing the frost operation, the on-off valve of the hot gas bypass circuit is opened, and a part of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is supplied to the heat source side heat exchanger via the hot gas bypass circuit.
- control is performed to switch the four-way valve so that the refrigerant discharged from the compressor passes through the four-way valve and is supplied to the heat source side heat exchanger.
- Another feature of the present invention is a defrosting operation method for an air conditioner that includes a heat source side heat exchanger and is configured to be capable of defrosting frost formed on the heat source side heat exchanger.
- the conditioner is configured to be capable of performing both hot gas bypass defrosting operation and reverse cycle defrosting operation, detects the amount of frost formation on the heat source side heat exchanger, and then detects the detected heat source side. According to the frosting amount on the heat exchanger, either the hot gas bypass defrosting operation or the reverse cycle defrosting operation is selected to perform the defrosting operation.
- the time for defrosting that combines the time required for the start of heating operation after the defrosting operation and the defrosting operation is suppressed, thereby suppressing the decrease in the total heating capacity during the operation of the air conditioner.
- the air conditioner that can be used and the defrosting operation method thereof can be obtained.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a control operation of a defrosting operation in Example 2.
- 6 is a flowchart showing a control operation of a defrosting operation in Example 3.
- 6 is a flowchart showing a control operation of a defrosting operation in Example 4. It is a diagram explaining how to determine the set value of the outdoor heat exchanger temperature relative to the outside air temperature. It is a figure explaining selection of the defrost system based on the power ratio in the outdoor fan before and behind frost formation, and the outdoor heat exchanger temperature.
- FIG. 1 is a refrigeration cycle configuration diagram (refrigerant circuit diagram) showing a first embodiment of an air conditioner of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a control operation of a defrosting operation in the first embodiment.
- the air conditioner includes an outdoor unit (outdoor unit) 1 and an indoor unit (indoor unit) 2 connected to the outdoor unit 1 by refrigerant pipes 11 and 12 (11: gas pipe, 12: liquid pipe).
- the outdoor unit 1 is composed of a compressor 3, a four-way valve 4, an outdoor heat exchanger (heat source side heat exchanger) 5, an electronic expansion valve having a variable throttle opening, and the like.
- An expansion unit 6 includes an outdoor unit side gas blocking valve 7 connected to the gas pipe 11 side, an outdoor unit side liquid blocking valve 8 connected to the liquid pipe 12 side, and the like.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is provided with a gas header (gas branch pipe) 5a and a liquid header (liquid branch pipe) 5b.
- the hot gas bypass circuit 9 is a hot gas bypass circuit for connecting a refrigerant pipe between the discharge side of the compressor 3 and the four-way valve 4 and a refrigerant pipe between the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the outdoor expansion valve 6;
- the hot gas bypass circuit 9 is provided with a hot gas bypass open / close valve (open / close valve) 10.
- the hot gas bypass on / off valve 10 is configured to open and close the flow path of the hot gas bypass circuit 9 so that the hot gas bypass defrosting operation can be executed.
- the heat exchanger temperature thermistor 15 is for detecting the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and may be provided in a portion where the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 can be measured. For example, the liquid phase of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 The heat exchanger temperature can be measured more stably than the case where it is provided on the gas header 5a side by providing it on the portion with a large amount (liquid header 5b side).
- the indoor unit 2 includes an indoor heat exchanger (use side heat exchanger) 16, an indoor expansion valve 17 constituted by an electronic expansion valve having a variable throttle opening, and the indoor unit side connected to the gas pipe 11 side.
- the gas blocking valve 18 and the indoor unit side liquid blocking valve 19 connected to the liquid pipe 12 side are configured.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 16 is also provided with a gas header (gas branch pipe) 16a and a liquid header (liquid branch pipe) 16b.
- the compressor 3 When the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 are connected by the refrigerant pipes 11 and 12, the compressor 3, the four-way valve 4, the outdoor heat exchanger 5, the outdoor expansion valve 6, and the indoor expansion valve 17.
- the indoor heat exchanger 16 is sequentially connected by a refrigerant pipe to constitute a refrigeration cycle.
- the four-way valve 4 is a valve for switching the direction of refrigerant flow.
- the four-way valve 4 connects the discharge side of the compressor 3 and the indoor heat exchanger 16 and connects the suction side of the compressor 3 and the outdoor heat exchanger 5 during heating operation.
- the refrigerant circuit is switched.
- the four-way valve 4 connects the discharge side of the compressor 3 and the outdoor heat exchanger 5 during cooling operation or reverse cycle defrosting operation, and also connects the suction side of the compressor 3 and the indoor heat.
- the refrigerant flow path is switched so that the exchanger 16 is connected.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is composed of a heat transfer tube and a cross fin type fin-and-tube heat exchanger composed of a large number of fins provided so as to intersect the heat transfer tube.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 has a gas side connected to the four-way valve 4 and a liquid side connected to the outdoor expansion valve 6.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 functions as a refrigerant condenser during the cooling operation, and functions as a refrigerant evaporator during the heating operation.
- the indoor heat exchanger 16 is also composed of a cross fin type fin-and-tube heat exchanger composed of heat transfer tubes and a large number of fins.
- the indoor heat exchanger 16 functions as a refrigerant evaporator during cooling operation to cool indoor air.
- the indoor heat exchanger 16 functions as a refrigerant condenser during heating operation, and heats indoor air.
- the outdoor expansion valve 6 and the indoor expansion valve 17 are arranged in a refrigerant pipe between the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the indoor heat exchanger 16, and by adjusting the throttle opening degree, the refrigerant circuit is provided. Adjust the flow rate of the flowing refrigerant.
- this air conditioner is configured to perform the above-described hot gas bypass defrosting operation and reverse cycle defrosting operation in order to melt and remove frost adhering to the outdoor heat exchanger 5.
- this air conditioner is configured to perform the above-described hot gas bypass defrosting operation and reverse cycle defrosting operation in order to melt and remove frost adhering to the outdoor heat exchanger 5.
- a hot gas bypass defrost operation is performed, and when the amount of frost formation is large Is controlled by a control device (not shown) so as to perform the reverse cycle defrosting operation.
- the frosted area For example, if the ratio of the frosted area to the heat transfer area in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 (hereinafter referred to as the frosted area) is less than 20 to 30%, the heating operation is continued because the frost is low, If the ratio is 20 to 30% or more, defrosting operation is performed.
- the defrosting operation in this embodiment, when the amount of frost formation is relatively small (when the ratio is about 20 to 80%), the hot gas bypass defrosting operation is performed and the amount of frost formation is reduced. When there are many (the said ratio is 80% or more), it is comprised so that a reverse cycle defrost operation may be implemented.
- the refrigerant flows and circulates as indicated by solid arrows. That is, during the heating operation, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 7 flows into the indoor heat exchanger 16 through the four-way valve 4 switched to the heating side.
- the refrigerant condenses into a liquid refrigerant. At this time, heating is performed by giving heat radiated from the refrigerant to the indoor air.
- the liquid refrigerant that has exited the indoor heat exchanger 16 expands when it flows through the indoor expansion valve 17 and the outdoor expansion valve 6, and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 5 in a low-temperature and low-pressure state.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 functions as an evaporator. By exchanging heat with outdoor air (outside air) sucked by the outdoor unit 1, the refrigerant evaporates to become a gas refrigerant. Thereafter, the air is sucked into the compressor 3 again via the four-way valve 4.
- the refrigerant circulates as shown by the dotted arrows. That is, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 3 flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and condenses.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is heated by the condensation heat at the time of condensation. After defrosting, it flows to the indoor heat exchanger 16 side, evaporates, becomes a gas refrigerant, and circulates back to the compressor 3 again.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the control operation of the defrosting operation in the present embodiment, and will be described below along this flowchart.
- step S0 the air conditioner is started (started) (step S0), and the heating operation is started (step S1).
- step S2 the amount of frost formed on the outdoor heat exchanger 5 due to the heating operation is detected by means such as detecting the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5, for example. That is, in this step S2, for example, a correlation between the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the amount of frost formation is obtained in advance by experiments, and based on this correlation, the temperature detected by the heat exchanger temperature thermistor 15 is calculated.
- the amount of frost formation is detected by means such as estimating the amount of frost formation.
- step S3 it is determined whether or not the detected amount of frost formation is equal to or less than a predetermined set value.
- step S3 when the detected frost amount is equal to or less than the set value (in the case of YES), it is determined that the frost amount is small, and the process proceeds to step S4, where the defrosting operation by the hot gas bypass method is performed. Perform hot gas bypass defrosting operation. When this hot gas bypass defrosting operation is completed (step S5), the process returns to step S1 and returns to the heating operation.
- step S6 removes in the reverse cycle method.
- a frost operation that is, a reverse cycle defrost operation is performed.
- the defrosting operation when the defrosting operation is started, the amount of frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is detected (estimated), and when the amount of frost formation is small according to the amount of frost formation,
- the hot gas bypass defrosting operation is selected and performed, and when the amount of frost formation is greater than the predetermined set value, the reverse cycle defrosting operation is selected and performed, so during the air conditioner operation by the defrosting operation A decrease in the total heating capacity can be suppressed.
- the defrosting method is selected in accordance with the amount of frost formation so that the time for defrosting combined with the time required for starting the heating operation after the defrosting operation is reduced. ing.
- the defrosting operation time can be shortened, but since the time required for the heating start-up after the defrosting operation becomes longer, it is performed when the frosting amount is large. If it is less, perform hot gas bypass defrosting operation.
- hot gas bypass defrosting operation although the defrosting operation time becomes longer, the room temperature rise after defrosting operation can be made faster and the heating operation start-up is quicker. And the time required for the heating operation to start after the defrosting operation can be made shorter than when the reverse cycle defrosting operation is selected.
- step S2 the detection of the frost amount is continued after the start of heating, and the process proceeds to step S3 when the detected frost amount exceeds the reference value or when the heating operation time has passed a predetermined time. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the defrosting operation from being repeated frequently. Moreover, you may make it detect the amount of frost formation of said step S2 for every fixed time. Furthermore, in order to avoid performing the defrosting operation when the amount of frost formation is small, the set value in the above step S3 is set to two stages, and the defrosting operation is performed when there is no or very little frost formation. Without returning to step S1, defrosting operation can be performed by selecting step S4 or S6 only when the amount of frost to be defrosted.
- the amount of frost formation As a means for detecting (estimating) the amount of frost formation, by means such as detecting the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 described above, it is also possible to detect the compressor suction pressure closely related to the outdoor heat exchanger temperature.
- the amount of frost formation can be estimated, and the amount of frost formation may be estimated from a change in electric power consumed by the blower (outdoor blower) 13 of the outdoor heat exchanger (heat source side heat exchanger). Furthermore, it is also possible to directly detect the amount of frost formation.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the control operation of the defrosting operation in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the control operation of the defrosting operation in the second embodiment.
- steps S0, S1, and S4 to S7 are the same as those shown in FIG. 2, so description thereof will be omitted.
- the present Example 2 shows the example which actualized step S2 and S3 in FIG. 2 further,
- the detection of the amount of frost formation in step S2 of FIG. 2 is detected to the outdoor heat exchanger 5 in step S8 of FIG.
- the power ratio of the outdoor blower 13 before and after frosting is obtained, and this power ratio is used.
- the electric power (power consumption) of the outdoor blower 13 can be obtained from the following equation by detecting the current flowing through the motor of the outdoor blower 13.
- the voltage and power factor are constant. Therefore, the power ratio “P2 / P1” is obtained by calculating the power P1 of the outdoor fan 13 before frosting the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the power P2 of the outdoor fan 13 after frosting. Can be requested.
- the relationship between the power ratio and the amount of frost formation is obtained in advance through experiments or the like.
- the rotational speed of the outdoor fan 13 is constant, the power before frosting is small because the ventilation resistance of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is small, so the power consumption is small, but when frosting occurs, the ventilation resistance gradually increases. Power consumption increases. Therefore, the amount of frost formation can be estimated by obtaining the power ratio of the outdoor blower 13 before and after the frost formation of the outdoor heat exchanger 5.
- step S9 based on the power ratio obtained in step S8, it is determined whether or not the power ratio in the outdoor blower 13 is equal to or greater than a predetermined set value R1.
- This set value R1 is a value of the power ratio corresponding to the case where the ratio of the frosted area (frosting area) to the heat transfer area in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is about 20 to 30%, for example. To do.
- step S9 If the power ratio falls below the set value R1 in the determination in step S9 (in the case of NO), the process returns to step S1 and the heating operation is continued. If it is greater than or equal to the set value R1 (in the case of YES), the process proceeds to step S10.
- step S10 based on the power ratio obtained in step S8, it is determined whether or not the power ratio in the outdoor blower 13 is equal to or greater than a predetermined set value R2.
- This set value R2 is a power ratio value corresponding to a case where the ratio of the frosted area (frosting area) to the heat transfer area in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is about 80%, for example. Therefore, the set value R2 is larger than the set value R1.
- step S10 If it is determined in step S10 that the power ratio is equal to or less than the set value R2 (in the case of YES), it is determined that the amount of frost formation is relatively small (the ratio of the frost formation area is about 20 to 80%), and step S4 Move to, and perform hot gas bypass defrosting operation.
- step S10 When the power ratio exceeds the set value R2 in the determination of step S10 (in the case of NO), it is determined that the amount of frost formation is large (the ratio of the frost formation area is about 80% or more). It moves to S6 and implements a reverse cycle cycle defrosting operation.
- step S4 or step S6 When the defrosting operation at step S4 or step S6 is completed (step S5 or S7), the operation returns to the heating operation at step S1.
- the amount of frost formation is estimated from the power ratio of the outdoor fan before and after the frost formation of the outdoor heat exchanger 5, and when the frost formation amount is small, the hot gas bypass defrosting operation is performed. Since the reverse cycle defrosting operation is selected and performed when the amount of frost formation is larger than a predetermined set value, the time required for the start of the heating operation after the defrosting operation and the defrosting operation is determined. The time for the combined defrosting can be reduced, and the reduction in the total heating capacity during the operation of the air conditioner can be suppressed.
- the power ratio is obtained to estimate the amount of frost formation.
- the current ratio can be used similarly in place of the power ratio. That is, the current value flowing through the motor of the outdoor fan 13 before and after the frost formation of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is detected, the ratio of the current values before and after the frost formation (current ratio) is obtained, and the current ratio and the frost amount are calculated. If the relationship is obtained in advance by experiments or the like, the amount of frost formation can be estimated in the same manner.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the control operation of the defrosting operation in the third embodiment.
- the configuration of the air conditioner is the same as that in FIG. 1, and the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- steps S0, S1, and S4 to S7 are the same as those shown in FIG. 2 in the present embodiment, so that the description thereof is omitted.
- This embodiment 3 also shows an example in which steps S2 and S3 in FIG. 2 are further embodied.
- step S11 in FIG. 4 the detection of the amount of frost formation in step S2 in FIG.
- the temperature is detected by the heat exchanger temperature thermistor 15 and is performed using this temperature.
- the heat exchange efficiency is lowered, and the rotational speed of the compressor 3 is increased.
- the evaporation pressure in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 decreases, and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 also decreases accordingly. Therefore, the relationship between the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the amount of frost formation is obtained in advance by experiments or the like, and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is detected to detect the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5. The amount of frost can be estimated.
- step S12 based on the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 detected by the heat exchanger temperature thermistor 15 in step S11, whether the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is equal to or lower than a predetermined set value T1. Determine whether or not.
- This set value T1 is a temperature value corresponding to the case where the ratio of the frosted area (frosting area) to the heat transfer area in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is about 20 to 30%, for example. .
- step S12 If it is determined in step S12 that the temperature value exceeds the set value T1 (NO), the process returns to step S1 and the heating operation is continued. If it is equal to or less than the set value T1 (in the case of YES), the process proceeds to step S13.
- step S13 based on the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 detected in step S11, it is determined whether or not the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is equal to or higher than a predetermined set value T2.
- This set value T2 is a temperature value corresponding to the case where the ratio of the frosting area (frosting area) to the heat transfer area in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is about 80%, for example. Accordingly, the set value T2 is lower than the set value T1.
- step S13 If the temperature value exceeds the set value T2 in the determination in step S13 (in the case of YES), it is determined that the amount of frost formation is relatively small (the ratio of the frost formation area is about 20 to 80%), and step S4 Move to, and perform hot gas bypass defrosting operation.
- step S13 If the temperature value falls below the set value T2 in the determination of step S13 (in the case of NO), it is determined that the amount of frost formation is large (the ratio of the frost formation area is about 80% or more). Moves to step S6 and performs reverse cycle cycle defrosting operation. When the defrosting operation in step S4 or step S6 is completed (step S5 or S7), the operation returns to the heating operation in step S1 again.
- the amount of frost formation is estimated based on the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 detected by the heat exchanger temperature thermistor 15, and when the amount of frost formation is small, the hot gas bypass defrosting is performed.
- the reverse cycle defrost operation is selected and performed. The time for defrosting combined with the time required for the heating operation to start after the defrosting operation can be reduced, and the decrease in the total heating capacity during the operation of the air conditioner can be suppressed.
- Example 3 the temperature (evaporation temperature) of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is obtained to estimate the amount of frost formation.
- the compressor suction side instead of the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5, the compressor suction side, that is, The same operation can be performed even if the pressure (evaporation pressure) on the low pressure side from the outdoor expansion valve 6 to the suction side of the compressor 3 is detected. That is, if a pressure sensor is provided on the suction side of the compressor 3 to detect a low-pressure side pressure and the relationship between the low-pressure pressure and the amount of frost formation is obtained in advance through experiments or the like, the amount of frost formation is estimated. It is possible as well.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the control operation of the defrosting operation in the fourth embodiment.
- steps S0, S1, and S4 to S7 are the same as those shown in FIG. 2 in the present embodiment, so that the description thereof is omitted.
- steps S11, S12, and S13 shown in FIG. 5 are the same as steps S11, S12, and S13 in the third embodiment shown in FIG. S10 is the same as steps S8, S9, and S10 of the second embodiment shown in FIG.
- the fourth embodiment also shows an example in which steps S2 and S3 in FIG. 2 are further embodied. That is, the amount of frost formation in step S2 of FIG. 2 is detected, and in step S11 of FIG. 5, the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is detected by the heat exchanger temperature thermistor 15, and this temperature is detected. In step S8 of FIG. 5, the power ratio of the outdoor blower 13 before and after frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is obtained, and the amount of frost formation is detected using this power ratio. It is what. Thus, in the present Example 4, the frost formation amount detection of step S2 is performed using both the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the power ratio of the outdoor fan before and after frost formation in the outdoor heat exchanger 5. It is a thing.
- step S11 the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is detected by the heat exchanger temperature thermistor 15 as in the third embodiment. Furthermore, in step S8, the power ratio of the outdoor blower 13 before and after frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is obtained as in the second embodiment.
- step S12 based on the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 detected by the heat exchanger temperature thermistor 15 in step S11, whether or not the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is equal to or lower than a predetermined set value T1. Determine whether. If it is determined in step S12 that the temperature value exceeds the set value T1 (in the case of NO), the process returns to step S1 and the heating operation is continued. If it is equal to or less than the set value T1 (in the case of YES), the process proceeds to step S13.
- step S13 based on the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 detected in step S11, it is determined whether or not the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is equal to or higher than a predetermined set value T2. If it is determined in step S13 that the temperature value is lower than the set value T2 (in the case of NO), it is determined that the amount of frost formation is large. In this case, the process proceeds to step S6, and reverse cycle defrosting is performed. Carry out driving.
- step S9 based on the power ratio obtained in step S8, it is determined whether or not the power ratio in the outdoor blower 13 is greater than or equal to a predetermined set value R1. If the power ratio falls below the set value R1 in the determination of step S9 (in the case of NO), even if the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is between the set values T1 and T2 in this embodiment, the power ratio is excluded. It determines with having not reached the amount of frosting which should perform frost operation, returns to step S1, and continues heating operation.
- step S9 when the power ratio is equal to or higher than the set value R1 (in the case of YES), the process proceeds to step S10.
- step S10 based on the power ratio obtained in step S8, it is determined whether or not the power ratio in the outdoor blower 13 is equal to or greater than a predetermined set value R2. If it is determined in step S9 that the power ratio is equal to or less than the set value R2 (in the case of YES), it is determined that the amount of frost formation is relatively small, the process proceeds to step S4, and the hot gas bypass defrosting operation is performed. .
- step S10 When the power ratio exceeds the set value R2 in the determination in step S10 (in the case of NO), it is determined that the amount of frost formation is large, and in this case, the process proceeds to step S6 and the reverse cycle defrosting operation is performed. .
- step S4 or step S6 When the defrosting operation in step S4 or step S6 is completed (step S5 or S7), the operation returns to the heating operation in step S1 again.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating how to determine the set values T1 and T2 of the outdoor heat exchanger temperature with respect to the outside air temperature.
- the horizontal axis is the outside air temperature
- the vertical axis is the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5.
- the outside air temperature can be detected by the outside temperature thermistor 14 shown in FIG. 1, and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 can be detected by the heat exchanger temperature thermistor 15.
- a portion of a range A indicated by hatching is a range for determining set values T1 and T2 with respect to the outside air temperature. For example, when the outside air temperature is 2 ° C., as shown in FIG. 6, the upper limit temperature of the portion where the broken line indicating 2 ° C. and the range A intersect is determined as the set value T1, and 2 ° C. is indicated. The lower limit temperature of the portion where the broken line and the range A intersect is determined as the set value T2.
- the heating operation is continued without performing the defrosting operation.
- the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is lower than the range A, Perform reverse cycle defrosting operation.
- the hot gas bypass defrosting operation can be performed depending on the determination results of the above steps S9 and S10. Increases nature.
- a hot gas bypass defrost operation will be implemented.
- the set values T1 and T2 of the outdoor heat exchanger temperature for determining the amount of frost formation are changed according to the outside air temperature, and the setting is performed when the outside air temperature is lower than 2 ° C.
- the values T1 and T2 are also lower, and when the outside air temperature is higher than 2 ° C., the set values T1 and T2 are also higher.
- the set values T1 and T2 are determined, and the determinations in steps S12 and S13 are performed using the set values.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the selection of the defrosting method based on the power ratio in the outdoor fan 13 before and after frosting and the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5, and the horizontal axis indicates the power ratio in the outdoor fan 13 before and after frosting.
- the vertical axis represents the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 detected by the heat exchanger temperature thermistor 15.
- the hot gas bypass defrosting operation is performed. Further, the reverse cycle defrosting operation is performed between the set values T1 and T2 and when the set value R2 is equal to or greater than the set value R2 (region C) and when the outdoor heat exchanger temperature is equal to or less than the set value T2. Further, when the temperature is between the set values T1 and T2 and not more than the set value R1 (region D), and when the outdoor heat exchanger temperature is not less than the set value T1, the heating operation is continued without performing the defrosting operation. .
- the frost formation depends on the temperature ratio of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 detected by the heat exchanger temperature thermistor 15 and the power ratio of the outdoor fan before and after the frost formation of the outdoor heat exchanger 5. Since the amount is estimated, it is possible to accurately estimate that the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is frosted and the amount of frost formation. Therefore, misdetection of the amount of frost formation is prevented, defrosting operation when the amount of frost formation is very small is avoided, and hot gas bypass defrosting operation is performed according to the more accurate estimated frost amount or reverse cycle. It is possible to accurately select whether to perform the defrosting operation.
- this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned Example, Various modifications are included.
- the execution order of steps S11 and S8 in FIG. 5 may be reversed or executed at the same time, and the execution order of steps S12 and S13 and steps S9 and S10 are switched to execute steps S9 and S10.
- the subsequent steps S12 and S13 may be executed.
- Information such as programs for realizing each function, each set value, and each set time is stored in a recording device such as a memory, a hard disk, or an SSD (Solid State Drive), or a recording medium such as an IC card, an SD card, or a DVD. Can be put in.
- a recording device such as a memory, a hard disk, or an SSD (Solid State Drive), or a recording medium such as an IC card, an SD card, or a DVD.
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Abstract
Description
まず、図1を用いて、本実施例1の空気調和機の構成を説明する。
前記室外機1は、スクロール圧縮機などで構成された圧縮機3、四方弁4、室外熱交換器(熱源側熱交換器)5、絞り開度が可変の電子膨張弁などで構成された室外膨張弁6、前記ガス管11側と接続される室外機側ガス阻止弁7、前記液管12側と接続される室外機側液阻止弁8などで構成されている。前記室外熱交換器5にはガスヘッダ(ガス分岐管)5aと液ヘッダ(液分岐管)5bが設けられている。
図2は、本実施例における除霜運転の制御動作を示すフローチャートで、このフローチャートに沿って以下説明する。
図3において、ステップS0、S1、S4~S7については図2に示すものと同様であるので、それらの説明については省略する。
電力=電圧×電流×力率
従って、室外熱交換器5に着霜する前の室外送風機13の電力P1と、着霜後の室外送風機13の電力P2を求めることにより、電力比「P2/P1」を求めることができる。
図4において、ステップS0、S1、S4~S7については、本実施例においても図2に示すものと同様であるので、それらの説明については省略する。
ステップS4またはステップS6での除霜運転が終了(ステップS5またはS7)すれば、再びステップS1の暖房運転に復帰する。
図5は実施例4における除霜運転の制御動作を示すフローチャートである。
また、本実施例4において、図5に示すステップS11、S12、S13は、図4に示す実施例3のステップS11、S12、S13と同様であり、更に本実施例4におけるステップS8、S9、S10は、図3に示す実施例2のステップS8、S9、S10と同様である。
即ち、ステップS12では、上記ステップS11において、前記熱交換器温度サーミスタ15で検出した室外熱交換器5の温度に基づいて、この室外熱交換器5の温度が予め定めた設定値T1以下か否かを判定する。このステップS12の判定で、前記温度の値が前記設定値T1を上回る場合(NOの場合)は、ステップS1に戻り暖房運転を継続する。前記設定値T1以下である場合(YESの場合)には、ステップS13に移行する。
ステップS9では、上記ステップS8で求めた電力比に基づいて、室外送風機13における前記電力比が予め定めた設定値R1以上か否かを判定する。このステップS9の判定で前記電力比が前記設定値R1を下回った場合(NOの場合)は、本実施例では室外熱交換器5の温度が設定値T1~T2の間にある場合でも、除霜運転すべき着霜量には達していないと判定して、ステップS1に戻り暖房運転を継続する。
ステップS10では、上記ステップS8で求めた電力比に基づいて、室外送風機13における前記電力比が予め定めた設定値R2以上か否かを判定する。このステップS9の判定で前記電力比が前記設定値R2以下の場合(YESの場合)には、着霜量が比較的少ないと判断し、ステップS4に移り、ホットガスバイパス除霜運転を実施する。ステップS10の判定で前記電力比が前記設定値R2を上回る場合(NOの場合)には、着霜量が多いと判断し、この場合にはステップS6に移り、逆サイクル除霜運転を実施する。
ステップS4またはステップS6での除霜運転が終了(ステップS5またはS7)すれば、再びステップS1の暖房運転に復帰する。
Claims (8)
- 圧縮機、四方弁、利用側熱交換器、膨張弁、熱源側熱交換器を接続して冷凍サイクルを構成する空気調和機において、
前記圧縮機の吐出側と、前記熱源側熱交換器と前記膨張弁との間とを接続するホットガスバイパス回路と、
このホットガスバイパス回路の流路を開閉する開閉弁と、
前記熱源側熱交換器への着霜量に応じて、ホットガスバイパス除霜運転または逆サイクル除霜運転の何れかを選択して除霜運転するように制御する制御装置と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記ホットガスバイパス除霜運転を実行する場合には、前記ホットガスバイパス回路の前記開閉弁を開き、前記圧縮機から吐出された冷媒の一部が前記ホットガスバイパス回路を介して前記熱源側熱交換器に供給されるように制御し、逆サイクル除霜運転を実行する場合には、前記圧縮機から吐出された冷媒が前記四方弁を通過後前記熱源側熱交換器に供給されるように前記四方弁を切換えるように制御する
ことを特徴とする空気調和機。 - 請求項1に記載の空気調和機において、
前記制御装置は、前記熱源側熱交換器への着霜量が予め定めた設定値以下の場合には前記ホットガスバイパス除霜運転を実行し、着霜量が予め定めた設定値を超える場合には前記逆サイクル除霜運転を実行することを特徴とする空気調和機。 - 請求項2に記載の空気調和機において、
前記熱源側熱交換器に外気を通風するための室外送風機を備え、該熱源側熱交換器への着霜前の前記室外送風機の電力と、該熱源側熱交換器への着霜後の前記室外送風機の電力との比である電力比に応じて、前記ホットガスバイパス除霜運転または前記逆サイクル除霜運転の何れかを選択して除霜運転するように制御されることを特徴とする空気調和機。 - 請求項2に記載の空気調和機において、
前記熱源側熱交換器に外気を通風するための室外送風機を備え、該熱源側熱交換器への着霜前の前記室外送風機のモータに流れる電流と、該熱源側熱交換器への着霜後の前記室外送風機のモータに流れる電流との比である電流比に応じて、前記ホットガスバイパス除霜運転または前記逆サイクル除霜運転の何れかを選択して除霜運転するように制御されることを特徴とする空気調和機。 - 請求項2に記載の空気調和機において、
前記熱源側熱交換器の温度を検出する熱交換器温度サーミスタを備え、この熱交換器温度サーミスタで検出される熱源側熱交換器の温度に応じて、前記ホットガスバイパス除霜運転または前記逆サイクル除霜運転の何れかを選択して除霜運転するように制御されることを特徴とする空気調和機。 - 請求項2に記載の空気調和機において、
前記圧縮機吸込側の圧力を検出する圧力センサを備え、この圧力センサで検出される圧縮機吸込側の圧力に応じて、前記ホットガスバイパス除霜運転または前記逆サイクル除霜運転の何れかを選択して除霜運転するように制御されることを特徴とする空気調和機。 - 請求項2記載の空気調和機において、
前記熱源側熱交換器の温度を検出する熱交換器温度サーミスタと、前記熱源側熱交換器に外気を通風するための室外送風機とを備え、
前記熱交換器温度サーミスタで検出される熱源側熱交換器の温度、及び前記熱源側熱交換器への着霜前の前記室外送風機の電力と該熱源側熱交換器への着霜後の前記室外送風機の電力との比である電力比に応じて、前記ホットガスバイパス除霜運転または前記逆サイクル除霜運転の何れかを選択して除霜運転するように制御されることを特徴とする空気調和機。 - 熱源側熱交換器を備え、該熱源側熱交換器に着霜した霜の除霜運転が可能に構成されている空気調和機の除霜運転方法において、
前記空気調和機はホットガスバイパス除霜運転と逆サイクル除霜運転の何れも実施可能に構成されており、
前記熱源側熱交換器への着霜量を検出し、
次に、この検出された熱源側熱交換器への着霜量に応じて、前記ホットガスバイパス除霜運転または前記逆サイクル除霜運転の何れかを選択して除霜運転を実施する
ことを特徴とする空気調和機の除霜運転方法。
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EP3136009A4 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
US10473353B2 (en) | 2019-11-12 |
CN106461253A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
CN106461253B (zh) | 2020-01-14 |
JPWO2015162696A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
US20170038125A1 (en) | 2017-02-09 |
EP3136009A1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
JP6486335B2 (ja) | 2019-03-20 |
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