WO2015115201A1 - 電気化学素子用電極及び電気化学素子 - Google Patents

電気化学素子用電極及び電気化学素子 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015115201A1
WO2015115201A1 PCT/JP2015/051005 JP2015051005W WO2015115201A1 WO 2015115201 A1 WO2015115201 A1 WO 2015115201A1 JP 2015051005 W JP2015051005 W JP 2015051005W WO 2015115201 A1 WO2015115201 A1 WO 2015115201A1
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electrode
active material
electrode active
parts
binder
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PCT/JP2015/051005
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
智一 佐々木
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日本ゼオン株式会社
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Priority to KR1020167015394A priority Critical patent/KR102302761B1/ko
Priority to JP2015559866A priority patent/JP6436101B2/ja
Priority to CN201580003044.2A priority patent/CN105814717A/zh
Publication of WO2015115201A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015115201A1/ja

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
    • H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/50—Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/665—Composites
    • H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrode for an electrochemical element and an electrochemical element.
  • Electrochemical elements such as lithium ion secondary batteries that are small and lightweight, have high energy density, and can be repeatedly charged and discharged are rapidly expanding their demands by taking advantage of their characteristics.
  • Lithium ion secondary batteries are used in fields such as mobile phones, notebook personal computers, and electric vehicles because of their relatively high energy density.
  • electrochemical elements are required to be further improved in accordance with expansion and development of applications, such as lowering resistance, increasing capacity, improving mechanical properties and productivity. Under such circumstances, there is a demand for a more productive manufacturing method for electrochemical element electrodes, and various improvements have been made regarding the manufacturing method capable of high-speed molding and the materials for electrochemical element electrodes suitable for the manufacturing method. Has been done.
  • An electrode for an electrochemical element is usually formed by laminating an electrode active material layer formed by binding an electrode active material and a conductive material used as necessary with a binder on a current collector. is there.
  • an intermediate layer such as an adhesive layer for improving adhesion and a rust prevention layer for rust prevention is also provided between the electrode active material layer and the current collector.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses that a current collector made of copper that has been subjected to roughening treatment is subjected to rust prevention treatment, and then an electrode active material layer is formed using a slurry containing a negative electrode active material and a binder. .
  • Patent Document 2 discloses that a conductive coating film formed by a conductive coating solution containing a polymer having a hydroxyl group and / or an amino acid and a conductive filler is formed on a current collector, and then an electrode active material and It is disclosed that an electrode active material layer is formed using a slurry containing a binder.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an electrode for an electrochemical element and an electrochemical element that are excellent in adhesion between a current collector and an electrode active material layer and that are excellent in durability.
  • the present inventor has found that the above object can be achieved by specifying a specific combination of the material contained in the intermediate layer and the composition of the binder contained in the electrode active material layer. It came to be completed.
  • the binder has an acid group-containing monomer unit of 0.1 to 10% by weight, and the content of the binder in the electrode active material layer is 0.1 to 20 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material.
  • Electrode for an electrochemical element that is part by weight (2) The electrode for an electrochemical element according to (1), wherein the cationic compound has a number average molecular weight of 10,000 to 2,000,000.
  • An electrochemical element comprising the electrode for an electrochemical element according to any one of (1) to (4), a separator, and an electrolytic solution, (6)
  • an electrode for an electrochemical element and an electrochemical element that are excellent in the adhesion between the current collector and the electrode active material layer, and further excellent in durability.
  • the electrode for an electrochemical device of the present invention is an electrode for an electrochemical device in which an electrode active material layer containing an electrode active material and a binder is formed on a current collector, and the electrode for the electrochemical device is cationic on the current collector.
  • An anchor layer containing a compound, the binder has an acid group-containing monomer unit of 0.1 to 10% by weight, and the binder content in the electrode active material layer is 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material. The amount is 0.1 to 20 parts by weight.
  • the electrode for an electrochemical device of the present invention can be obtained by forming an anchor layer on a current collector and further forming an electrode active material layer on the current collector on which the anchor layer is formed.
  • the material of the current collector is, for example, metal, carbon, conductive polymer, etc., and metal is preferably used.
  • As the current collector metal aluminum, platinum, nickel, tantalum, titanium, stainless steel, copper, other alloys and the like are usually used. Among these, it is preferable to use copper, aluminum, or an aluminum alloy in terms of conductivity and voltage resistance.
  • the thickness of the current collector is preferably 5 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 8 to 70 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the electrode for an electrochemical element of the present invention includes an anchor layer.
  • the anchor layer includes a cationic compound.
  • a primary amine compound As the cationic compound contained in the anchor layer, a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound (imino group-containing compound), a tertiary amine compound, a compound modified with a cationizing agent, or the like can be used. Of these, an imino group-containing compound and a compound modified with a cationizing agent are preferable.
  • An imino group-containing compound is a compound having an imino group, and the nitrogen atom of the imino group may be bonded to the same carbon atom by a double bond, or may be bonded to a separate carbon atom by a single bond. May be.
  • the imino group-containing compound a low molecular imino group-containing compound or a high molecular imino group-containing compound may be used.
  • the low molecular imino group-containing compound include chain imino group-containing compounds such as dimethylamine, diethylamine, and dipropylamine; cyclic imino group-containing compounds such as ethyleneimine, propyleneimine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, and piperazine. It is done.
  • polymer imino group-containing compound examples include polyethyleneimine; polyethyleneimine derivatives such as poly N-hydroxylethyleneimine and carboxymethylated polyethyleneimine / sodium salt; polypropyleneimine; polyN-2-dihydroxypropyleneimine And the like, and the like, and the like.
  • a polymer imino group-containing compound is preferable, and polyethyleneimine is more preferable.
  • an imino group containing compound may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used combining two or more types by arbitrary ratios.
  • Examples of the compound modified with a cationizing agent include cationized cellulose and the like obtained by modifying a cellulose compound such as hydroxyethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose with a cationizing agent.
  • the number average molecular weight of the cationic compound is preferably 100 to 2,000,000, and more preferably 10,000 to 2,000,000.
  • the number average molecular weight of the cationic compound can be measured, for example, by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using polystyrene as a standard substance.
  • the method for forming the anchor layer is not particularly limited, but the anchor layer is formed by applying a coating solution for an anchor layer in which a cationic compound is dispersed or dissolved in a solvent such as water on a current collector and drying it. be able to. Further, the concentration can be appropriately adjusted according to the coating method of the cationic compound in the anchor layer coating solution.
  • the method for applying the anchor layer coating solution is not particularly limited.
  • the anchor layer is formed on the current collector by a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, a die coating method, a brush coating, or the like. Further, after forming an adhesive layer on the release paper, it may be transferred to a current collector.
  • examples of the method for drying the anchor layer coating solution coated on the current collector include drying by warm air, hot air, low-humidity air, vacuum drying, and drying by irradiation with (far) infrared rays or electron beams. Can be mentioned. Of these, a drying method using hot air and a drying method using irradiation with far infrared rays are preferable.
  • the drying temperature and the drying time are preferably a temperature and a time at which the solvent in the current collector coating adhesive coating solution coated on the current collector can be completely removed.
  • the drying temperature is usually 50 to 300 ° C., preferably 80 ° C. ⁇ 250 ° C.
  • the drying time is usually 2 hours or less, preferably 5 seconds to 30 minutes.
  • the thickness of the anchor layer is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more and less than 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of obtaining an electrode having good adhesion to the electrode active material layer described later and low resistance. Less than, more preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more and less than 1 ⁇ m.
  • the electrode for an electrochemical element of the present invention includes an electrode active material layer, and the electrode active material layer includes an electrode active material, a binder, a thickener used as necessary, and a conductive additive.
  • the binder content in the electrode active material layer is 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 15 parts by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material. It is.
  • the electrode active material layer is formed by applying and drying an electrode slurry containing an electrode active material, a binder, a thickener used as necessary, and a conductive auxiliary agent on the anchor layer of the current collector on which the anchor layer is formed. Is formed.
  • the method for applying the electrode slurry onto the anchor layer formed on the current collector is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, a comma direct coating, a slide die coating, and a brush coating method.
  • the drying method include drying with warm air, hot air, low-humidity air, vacuum drying, and drying by irradiation with (far) infrared rays or electron beams.
  • the drying time is usually 1 to 60 minutes, and the drying temperature is usually 40 to 180 ° C.
  • the electrode active material layer may be formed by repeating application and drying of the electrode slurry a plurality of times.
  • the electrode slurry can be obtained by mixing an electrode active material, a binder, a thickener and a conductive aid used as necessary, and a solvent such as water.
  • the mixing method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a mixing apparatus such as a stirring type, a shaking type, and a rotary type.
  • a method using a dispersion kneader such as a homogenizer, a ball mill, a sand mill, a roll mill, a planetary mixer, and a planetary kneader can be used.
  • the electrode active material (positive electrode active material) of the positive electrode for the lithium ion secondary battery includes a metal oxide capable of reversibly doping and dedoping lithium ions. It is done. Examples of the metal oxide include lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, lithium manganate, and lithium iron phosphate.
  • the positive electrode active material illustrated above may be used independently according to a use, and may be used in mixture of multiple types.
  • the negative electrode active material (negative electrode active material) as the counter electrode of the positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery
  • low crystalline carbon non-graphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon, pyrolytic carbon, etc.
  • Crystalline carbon graphite (natural graphite, artificial graphite)
  • alloy materials such as tin and silicon, oxides such as silicon oxide, tin oxide, and lithium titanate.
  • the negative electrode active material illustrated above may be used independently according to a use suitably, and may be used in mixture of multiple types.
  • the shape of the electrode active material of the electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery is preferably a granulated particle.
  • a higher-density electrode can be formed during electrode molding.
  • the volume average particle diameter of the electrode active material of the electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery is usually 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 0.5 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.8 to 30 ⁇ m for both the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • Examples of the negative electrode active material preferably used when the electrochemical element is a lithium ion capacitor include low crystalline carbon (amorphous carbon such as graphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon, and pyrolytic carbon). ), Graphite (natural graphite, artificial graphite) and the like, and negative electrode active materials formed of carbon.
  • the positive electrode active material when the electrochemical element is a lithium ion capacitor
  • any material can be used as long as it can reversibly carry lithium ions and anions such as tetrafluoroborate.
  • an allotrope of carbon can be preferably used.
  • Specific examples of the allotrope of carbon include activated carbon, polyacene (PAS), carbon whisker, carbon nanotube, and graphite.
  • the binder used in the present invention is a component for adhering electrode active materials to each other, and is usually used in the form of a solution or dispersion in which polymer particles having binding properties are dissolved or dispersed in a solvent such as water.
  • binder used in the present invention examples include diene polymers and acrylic polymers.
  • the diene polymer is a polymer containing monomer units obtained by polymerizing conjugated dienes such as butadiene and isoprene.
  • the proportion of monomer units obtained by polymerizing conjugated diene in the diene polymer is usually 40% by weight or more, preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 60% by weight or more.
  • Examples of the polymer include homopolymers of conjugated dienes such as polybutadiene and polyisoprene; and copolymers of monomers that are copolymerizable with conjugated dienes.
  • Examples of the copolymerizable monomer include ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated nitrile compounds such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; styrene, chlorostyrene, vinyltoluene, and t-butyl.
  • Styrene monomers such as styrene, vinyl benzoic acid, methyl vinyl benzoate, vinyl naphthalene, chloromethyl styrene, hydroxymethyl styrene, ⁇ -methyl styrene and divinyl benzene; olefins such as ethylene and propylene; vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride Halogen atom-containing monomers such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl benzoate, etc .; vinyl ethers such as methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether; methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl Vinyl ketones such as ketone, butyl vinyl ketone, hexyl vinyl ketone, and isopropenyl vinyl ketone; and heterocyclic ring-containing vinyl compounds such as N-vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl pyridine, and vinyl imidazole.
  • the acrylic polymer is a polymer containing a monomer unit obtained by polymerizing an acrylic ester and / or a methacrylic ester.
  • the proportion of monomer units obtained by polymerizing acrylic acid ester and / or methacrylic acid ester in the acrylic polymer is usually 40% by weight or more, preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 60% by weight or more.
  • Examples of the polymer include homopolymers of acrylic acid esters and / or methacrylic acid esters, and copolymers with monomers copolymerizable therewith.
  • Examples of the copolymerizable monomer include unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, and fumaric acid; two or more carbons such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and trimethylolpropane triacrylate.
  • unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, and fumaric acid
  • two or more carbons such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and trimethylolpropane triacrylate.
  • Carboxylates having carbon double bonds including styrene, chlorostyrene, vinyl toluene, t-butyl styrene, vinyl benzoic acid, methyl vinyl benzoate, vinyl naphthalene, chloromethyl styrene, hydroxymethyl styrene, ⁇ -methyl styrene, Styrenic monomers such as divinylbenzene; Amide monomers such as acrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, and acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid; ⁇ , ⁇ -insoluble such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile Nitrile compounds; olefins such as ethylene and propylene; diene monomers such as butadiene and isoprene; monomers containing halogen atoms such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride; vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl benzoate Vinyl esters such as methyl vinyl
  • styrene-butadiene copolymer acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, and acrylic polymer are preferable because of excellent adhesion, and styrene-butadiene copolymer and acrylic polymer are more preferable.
  • the binder used in the present invention further contains an acid group-containing monomer unit.
  • the acid group-containing monomer that leads to the acid group-containing monomer unit include: —COOH group (carboxyl group); —SO 3 H group (sulfonic acid group); —PO 3 H 2 group and —PO (OH ) (OR) groups (wherein R represents a hydrocarbon group) or the like; monomers having an acid group such as;
  • Examples of the monomer having a carboxyl group include monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, and derivatives thereof.
  • Examples of the monocarboxylic acid include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, 2-ethylacrylic acid, and isocrotonic acid.
  • Examples of the dicarboxylic acid include maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, and methylmaleic acid.
  • Examples of the acid anhydride of dicarboxylic acid include maleic anhydride, acrylic anhydride, methyl maleic anhydride, dimethyl maleic anhydride and the like.
  • Examples of the monomer having a sulfonic acid group include vinyl sulfonic acid, methyl vinyl sulfonic acid, (meth) allyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, (meth) acrylic acid-2-ethyl sulfonate, 2-acrylamide-2. -Methylpropanesulfonic acid, 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, 2- (N-acryloyl) amino-2-methyl-1,3-propane-disulfonic acid and the like.
  • “(meth) acryl” means “acryl” or “methacryl”.
  • Examples of the monomer having a phosphoric acid group such as —PO 3 H 2 group and —PO (OH) (OR) group (R represents a hydrocarbon group) include, for example, phosphoric acid-2- (meth) acryloyloxy Examples thereof include ethyl, phosphoric acid methyl-2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl phosphate, and ethyl phosphate- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl.
  • “(meth) acryloyl” means “acryloyl” or “methacryloyl”.
  • the salt of the monomer mentioned above can also be used as an acid group-containing monomer.
  • the acid group-containing monomer one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination at any ratio.
  • different types of monomers containing the same type of acidic group may be used in combination.
  • monomers containing different types of acidic groups may be used in combination.
  • the content of the acid group-containing monomer unit in the binder used in the present invention is 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 9% by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 8% by weight.
  • the electrode active material layer of the present invention may contain a thickener as necessary.
  • thickeners include cellulosic polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and ammonium salts and alkali metal salts thereof; (modified) poly (meth) acrylic acid and ammonium salts and alkali metal salts thereof; ) Polyvinyl alcohols such as polyvinyl alcohol, copolymers of acrylic acid or acrylate and vinyl alcohol, maleic anhydride or copolymers of maleic acid or fumaric acid and vinyl alcohol; polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, modified Examples thereof include polyacrylic acid, oxidized starch, phosphoric acid starch, casein, various modified starches, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer hydride, and the like. Among these, it is preferable to use carboxymethylcellulose, ammonium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and alkali metal salt.
  • the content of the thickener in the electrode active material layer is preferably within a range not affecting the battery characteristics, and is preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 0.2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material.
  • the amount is 4 parts by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 3 parts by weight.
  • the electrode active material layer of the present invention may contain a conductive additive as necessary.
  • the conductive auxiliary agent is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductive material, but a conductive particulate material is preferable.
  • conductive carbon black such as furnace black, acetylene black, and ketjen black
  • natural And graphite such as graphite and artificial graphite
  • carbon fibers such as polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, and vapor grown carbon fiber.
  • the average particle diameter when the conductive assistant is a particulate material is not particularly limited, but is preferably smaller than the average particle diameter of the electrode active material, from the viewpoint of expressing sufficient conductivity with a smaller amount of use.
  • the thickness is preferably 0.001 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 5 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m.
  • Electrochemical element Examples of usage of the electrode for an electrochemical element of the present invention include a lithium ion secondary battery and a lithium ion capacitor using such an electrode, and a lithium ion secondary battery is preferable.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery uses an electrode for an electrochemical element obtained as described above as at least one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and further includes a separator and an electrolytic solution.
  • a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene
  • a microporous film or nonwoven fabric containing an aromatic polyamide resin a porous resin coat containing an inorganic ceramic powder, or the like
  • a porous resin coat containing an inorganic ceramic powder, or the like can be used.
  • the thickness of the separator is preferably 0.5 to 40 ⁇ m, more preferably from the viewpoint of reducing resistance due to the separator in the lithium ion secondary battery and excellent workability when manufacturing the lithium ion secondary battery.
  • the thickness is 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 25 ⁇ m.
  • the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited.
  • a solution obtained by dissolving a lithium salt as a supporting electrolyte in a non-aqueous solvent can be used.
  • the lithium salt include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , CF 3 SO 3 Li, C 4 F 9 SO 3 Li, CF 3 COOLi, (CF 3 CO) 2 NLi , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) NLi, and other lithium salts.
  • LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , and CF 3 SO 3 Li that are easily soluble in a solvent and exhibit a high degree of dissociation are preferably used. These can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
  • the amount of the supporting electrolyte is usually 1 wt. % Or more, preferably 5 wt. % Or more, and usually 30 wt. % Or less, preferably 20 wt. % Or less. If the amount of the supporting electrolyte is too small or too large, the ionic conductivity is lowered, and the charging characteristics and discharging characteristics of the battery are degraded.
  • the solvent used in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the supporting electrolyte.
  • Alkyl carbonates such as carbonate (BC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC); esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and methyl formate; ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane; tetrahydrofuran; sulfolane and dimethyl sulfoxide Sulfur-containing compounds are used.
  • dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and methyl ethyl carbonate are preferable because high ion conductivity is easily obtained and the use temperature range is wide. These can be used alone or in admixture of two or more. Moreover, it is also possible to use an electrolyte containing an additive.
  • the additive is preferably a carbonate compound such as vinylene carbonate (VC).
  • electrolytic solutions include gel polymer electrolytes in which a polymer electrolyte such as polyethylene oxide or polyacrylonitrile is impregnated with an electrolytic solution, lithium sulfide, LiI, Li 3 N, Li 2 SP—P 2 S 5 glass ceramic, etc.
  • An inorganic solid electrolyte can be mentioned.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery is obtained by stacking a negative electrode and a positive electrode through a separator, winding this according to the shape of the battery, folding it into a battery container, pouring the electrolyte into the battery container and sealing it. It is done. Further, if necessary, an expanded metal, an overcurrent prevention element such as a fuse or a PTC element, a lead plate and the like can be inserted to prevent an increase in pressure inside the battery and overcharge / discharge.
  • the shape of the battery may be any of a laminated cell type, a coin type, a button type, a sheet type, a cylindrical type, a square type, a flat type, and the like.
  • an electrode for an electrochemical element and an electrochemical element that are excellent in the adhesion between the current collector and the electrode active material layer, and further excellent in durability.
  • Adhesiveness (1-1) Peel strength
  • the electrodes for lithium ion secondary batteries produced in the examples and comparative examples were cut into rectangles having a length of 100 mm and a width of 10 mm to form test pieces with the electrode active material layer surface facing down.
  • the measurement was performed three times, the average value was obtained and this was taken as the peel strength, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. The higher the peel strength, the greater the binding force of the electrode active material layer to the anchor layer, that is, the higher the adhesion strength.
  • the cationic compound was dissolved in dimethylformamide to prepare a 1% solution.
  • GPC measurement was performed using polystyrene as a standard substance, and using a solution obtained by dissolving 0.85 g / ml sodium nitrate in a 10% by volume aqueous solution of dimethylformamide as a developing solvent.
  • the GPC measuring device is HLC-8220GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), the detector is HLC-8320GPC RI detector (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), the measuring column is TSKgel SuperHZM-M (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), and the measurement temperature is measured. Measurement was performed at 40 ° C., a developing solvent flow rate of 0.6 mL / min, and a sample injection amount of 20 ⁇ l.
  • Example 1 Manufacture of anchor layer
  • Polyethyleneimine (Epomin, Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., number average molecular weight 700,000, 30% solid content aqueous solution) is discharged from a die onto a 12 ⁇ m thick copper current collector as a cationic compound, at a molding speed of 30 m / min.
  • the current collector was applied on one side and dried at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to form an anchor layer having a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the reaction was stopped by cooling to obtain a mixture containing particulate negative electrode binder (styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR)).
  • SBR styrene-butadiene copolymer
  • the unreacted monomer is removed by heating under reduced pressure, and then cooled to 30 ° C or lower.
  • An aqueous dispersion containing the desired particulate negative electrode binder was obtained.
  • the negative electrode slurry obtained above was applied with a comma coater so that the film thickness after drying was about 150 ⁇ m, and dried. This drying was performed by conveying the copper foil in an oven at 60 ° C. at a speed of 0.5 m / min for 2 minutes. Thereafter, heat treatment was performed at 120 ° C. for 2 minutes to obtain a negative electrode raw material before pressing.
  • the negative electrode original fabric before pressing was rolled with a roll press to obtain a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery after pressing (hereinafter, also referred to as “negative electrode”) having a negative electrode composition layer thickness of 80 ⁇ m.
  • LiCoO 2 LiCoO 2
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • KF-1100 polyvinylidene fluoride
  • N-methylpyrrolidone 6 parts of acetylene black (“HS-100” manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and 20 parts of N-methylpyrrolidone were added and mixed with a planetary mixer to obtain a positive electrode slurry.
  • This positive electrode slurry is applied to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 18 ⁇ m, dried at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then roll-pressed to form a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m (hereinafter, referred to as “positive electrode”). )
  • a single-layer polypropylene separator (width 65 mm, length 500 mm, thickness 25 ⁇ m, manufactured by dry method, porosity 55%) was cut out to 55 ⁇ 5.5 cm 2 .
  • Example 2 Production of anchor layer, production of negative electrode slurry, production of negative electrode in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of itaconic acid was 0.2 parts and the amount of styrene was 63.8 parts in the production of the negative electrode binder. And the lithium ion secondary battery was manufactured.
  • Example 3 In the production of the negative electrode binder, the anchor layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of 1,3-butadiene was 30 parts, the amount of itaconic acid was 9.5 parts, and the amount of styrene was 59.5 parts. The production of slurry for negative electrode, the production of negative electrode and the production of lithium ion secondary battery were carried out.
  • Example 4 In the production of the negative electrode slurry, the production of the anchor layer, the production of the negative electrode, and the lithium ion secondary were the same as in Example 1 except that the amount of the particulate negative electrode binder used was 0.2 parts in terms of solid content. The battery was manufactured.
  • Example 5 In the production of the negative electrode slurry, the anchor layer, the negative electrode, and the lithium ion secondary battery were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the particulate binder was 18 parts in terms of solid content. .
  • Example 6 In the production of the negative electrode binder, in the same manner as in Example 1, except that sodium styrenesulfonate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “NaSS”) was used instead of itaconic acid, production of the anchor layer and production of the negative electrode slurry were performed. The negative electrode and the lithium ion secondary battery were manufactured.
  • NaSS sodium styrenesulfonate
  • Example 7 In the production of the binder for the negative electrode, except that methyl-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate was used instead of itaconic acid, the production of the anchor layer, the production of the slurry for the negative electrode, the production of the negative electrode, and lithium were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. An ion secondary battery was manufactured.
  • Example 8 In the production of the anchor layer, as in Example 1, except that carboxymethylated polyethyleneimine sodium salt (number average molecular weight 50000, solid content concentration 3% aqueous solution) was used as the cationic compound instead of polyethyleneimine. Production of a slurry, production of a negative electrode, and production of a lithium ion secondary battery were performed.
  • carboxymethylated polyethyleneimine sodium salt number average molecular weight 50000, solid content concentration 3% aqueous solution
  • Example 9 In the production of the anchor layer, as in Example 1, except that cationized cellulose (poise C-60H, number average molecular weight 600000, solid content concentration 3% aqueous solution) was used instead of polyethyleneimine as the cationic compound. Production of a slurry, production of a negative electrode, and production of a lithium ion secondary battery were performed.
  • cationized cellulose poise C-60H, number average molecular weight 600000, solid content concentration 3% aqueous solution
  • Example 10 Manufacture of anchor layer
  • Polyethyleneimine epomine, manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., number average molecular weight 700,000, 30% solid content aqueous solution
  • the current collector was applied on one side and dried at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to form an anchor layer having a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the reaction was stopped by cooling to obtain a mixture containing particulate positive electrode binder (acrylic polymer (ACL)).
  • ACL acrylic polymer
  • the unreacted monomer is removed by heating under reduced pressure, and then cooled to 30 ° C or lower.
  • an aqueous dispersion containing a desired positive electrode binder was obtained.
  • the above-mentioned mixed solution was charged with 3 parts of the positive electrode binder (solid content standard) produced above and ion-exchanged water, adjusted to a final solid content concentration of 54%, and further mixed for 10 minutes. This was defoamed under reduced pressure to obtain a positive electrode slurry having good fluidity.
  • the positive electrode slurry was applied onto the aluminum current collector having the anchor layer with a comma coater so that the film thickness after drying was about 150 ⁇ m and dried. This drying was performed by transporting the aluminum foil in an oven at 60 ° C. at a speed of 0.5 m / min for 2 minutes. Then, it heat-processed for 2 minutes at 120 degreeC, and obtained the positive electrode.
  • the positive electrode raw material before pressing was rolled by a roll press to obtain a positive electrode after pressing with a positive electrode active material layer having a thickness of 80 ⁇ m.
  • ion exchange water was added so as to have a solid content concentration of 50%, and mixed and dispersed to obtain a negative electrode slurry, which was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 18 ⁇ m and dried at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes. Thereafter, roll pressing was performed to obtain a negative electrode having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
  • a single-layer polypropylene separator (width 65 mm, length 500 mm, thickness 25 ⁇ m, manufactured by dry method, porosity 55%) was cut out to 55 ⁇ 5.5 cm 2 .
  • the anchor layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of 1,3-butadiene was 30 parts, the amount of itaconic acid was 11.0 parts, and the amount of styrene was 58 parts. Slurry production, negative electrode production and lithium ion secondary battery production were carried out.
  • Example 2 In the production of the negative electrode slurry, the production of the anchor layer, the production of the negative electrode, and the lithium ion secondary battery was the same as in Example 1 except that the amount of the particulate negative electrode binder used was 22 parts in terms of solid content. Manufactured.
  • Example 3 In the production of the negative electrode binder, the amount of 1,3-butadiene was 30 parts, the amount of itaconic acid was 11.0 parts, and the amount of styrene was 58 parts.
  • An anchor layer, a negative electrode, and a lithium ion secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount was 22 parts in terms of solid content.
  • Example 4 In the production of the negative electrode binder, the anchor layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that itaconic acid was not used and the amount of 1,3-butadiene was 34 parts and the amount of styrene was 65 parts. , Negative electrode, and lithium ion secondary battery.
  • the anchor layer slurry was discharged from a die onto a 12 ⁇ m thick copper current collector, applied to one side of the current collector at a molding speed of 30 m / min, and dried at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a thickness of 0 An anchor layer of 0.5 ⁇ m was formed. Except for using a copper current collector having an anchor layer containing the conductive filler, a negative electrode slurry, a negative electrode, and a lithium ion secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • an electrode for an electrochemical device in which an electrode active material layer containing an electrode active material and a binder is formed on a current collector, the cationic current on the current collector
  • An anchor layer containing a compound, the binder has an acid group-containing monomer unit of 0.1 to 10% by weight, and the binder content in the electrode active material layer is 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material.
  • the adhesion of the electrode for an electrochemical element which is 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, was good, and the durability and low-temperature characteristics of a lithium ion secondary battery using this electrode for an electrochemical element were good. .

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