WO2015080373A1 - 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물 - Google Patents
분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015080373A1 WO2015080373A1 PCT/KR2014/009259 KR2014009259W WO2015080373A1 WO 2015080373 A1 WO2015080373 A1 WO 2015080373A1 KR 2014009259 W KR2014009259 W KR 2014009259W WO 2015080373 A1 WO2015080373 A1 WO 2015080373A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- slush molding
- molding composition
- powder slush
- powder
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229920006346 thermoplastic polyester elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005323 electroforming Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WSQZNZLOZXSBHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,8-dioxabicyclo[8.2.2]tetradeca-1(12),10,13-triene-2,9-dione Chemical compound O=C1OCCCCOC(=O)C2=CC=C1C=C2 WSQZNZLOZXSBHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- IGOFAIGWJGFDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanesulfonamide;toluene Chemical compound CCS(N)(=O)=O.CC1=CC=CC=C1 IGOFAIGWJGFDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006245 ethylene-butyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006244 ethylene-ethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005042 ethylene-ethyl acrylate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006225 ethylene-methyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical group CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QLZJUIZVJLSNDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylidenebutanoyloxy)ethyl 2-methylidenebutanoate Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(=C)CC QLZJUIZVJLSNDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCC(C)CCO SXFJDZNJHVPHPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QYMGIIIPAFAFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;ethene Chemical compound C=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QYMGIIIPAFAFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940095259 butylated hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 2
- VKLYZBPBDRELST-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=C.COC(=O)C(C)=C VKLYZBPBDRELST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGVPOWOAHALJHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;methyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=C.COC(=O)C=C HGVPOWOAHALJHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005043 ethylene-methyl acrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002601 oligoester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002397 thermoplastic olefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N (3as,7ar)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1C=CC[C@@H]2C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]21 KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJRJDENLRJHEJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diethylpentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound CCC(CO)CC(CC)CO OJRJDENLRJHEJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDQROPCSKIYYAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyloctane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCC(C)CCCCCCO SDQROPCSKIYYAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920010499 Hytrel® 3078 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920011453 Hytrel® 4056 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920009965 Hytrel® 4556 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920010966 Hytrel® 5526 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxylate;hydron Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HEAMQYHBJQWOSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;oct-1-ene Chemical compound C=C.CCCCCCC=C HEAMQYHBJQWOSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/003—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
- B29B13/02—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
- B29B13/022—Melting the material to be shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C41/18—Slush casting, i.e. pouring moulding material into a hollow mould with excess material being poured off
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/26—Moulds
- B29C45/2602—Mould construction elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/72—Heating or cooling
- B29C45/73—Heating or cooling of the mould
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G63/668—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/672—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K5/43—Compounds containing sulfur bound to nitrogen
- C08K5/435—Sulfonamides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08L67/025—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds containing polyether sequences
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08L67/03—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds having the carboxyl- and the hydroxy groups directly linked to aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2033/00—Use of polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2033/04—Polymers of esters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/25—Solid
- B29K2105/251—Particles, powder or granules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2140/00—Compositions for moulding powders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2475/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2475/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/06—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features having improved processability or containing aids for moulding methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/04—Thermoplastic elastomer
Definitions
- the technique disclosed herein relates to a powder slush molding composition, and more particularly, to a composition suitable for powder slush molding due to its high melt rate and solidification rate.
- Plastic materials are lighter and have better formability than metal materials, thus increasing productivity and increasing the application of plastic parts as a good choice for light weight and fuel efficiency of vehicles.
- Crash pads which are the core parts of the vehicle interior and the most important parts in the interior, are also called instrument panels or dash boards. It consists of instrument panel, which is integrated with meter and water thermometer, and air conditioning device, radio, clock, ashtray, and a device that can put small items.It can be operated and checked during operation. Is a very important part.
- Such crash pad products are satisfied with appearance (Soft Touch, high-quality, matte), comfort, design, low cost, reproducibility, and various test evaluations (cold resistance, heat resistance, light resistance, weather resistance evaluation (Xenon / Carbon arc) , UV), PAB (pasinger air bag) test, head impact test, combined environmental durability test, outdoor exposure test, impact resistance, etc.
- Powder slush molding is a representative technique of the method for manufacturing the outer shell of automotive interior materials.
- PSM method is a good design and embossing method of the process that can produce a skin layer of the crash pad (skin). It loads a polymer in free flowing powder form into an open container, then combines the heated mold with the open container to create a closed system and rotates it to melt the powder on the heated hot mold to produce a uniform product layer and This is done by separating the layer from the mold.
- the differential scanning calorimeter comprises a thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) having a melting point peak temperature of 130 to 200 °C during thermal analysis, the hardness of the entire composition is less than Shore A 95, melt index
- TPEE thermoplastic polyester elastomer
- melt index There is provided a powder slush molding composition having a (190 ° C., 2.16 kg) of 10 to 100 g / 10 min.
- an automotive interior material prepared by processing the above-described powder slush molding composition.
- the method includes the steps of: injecting a powder slush molding composition in the form of powder into an open container; Heating the electroforming mold; Combining the open container and the electroforming mold to form a closed system; Moving the closure system to transfer the powder to the electroforming mold to obtain a material layer formed by melting the powder on the inner surface of the electroforming mold; Separating the electroforming mold from the open container; Cooling the electroforming mold; And demolding the material layer from the electroforming mold.
- a powder slush molding composition comprising a thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) having a melting point peak temperature of 130-200 ° C. during differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal analysis.
- TPEE thermoplastic polyester elastomer
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- the hardness of the whole composition is here Shore A 95 or less, and melt index (190 degreeC, 2.16 kg) is 10-100 g / 10min.
- thermoplastic polyester elastomer is an elastomer in which crystalline hard segments formed from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic diols and soft soft segments formed from polyalkylene oxides are randomly arranged.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid constituting the polyester of the hard segment is widely used as the conventional aromatic dicarboxylic acid, and is not particularly limited, but the main aromatic dicarboxylic acid is terephthalic acid or naphthalenedica It is preferable that it is a leric acid.
- alicyclic dicarboxylic acids such as aromatic dicarboxylic acid, such as diphenyl dicarboxylic acid, isophthalic acid, and 5-sodium sulfoisophthalic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, are mentioned.
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecane diacid, dimer acid, hydrogenated dimer acid, and the like. These are used in the range which does not significantly reduce melting
- thermoplastic polyester elastomer of the present invention as the aliphatic or alicyclic diols constituting the polyester of the hard segment, general aliphatic or alicyclic diols are widely used, and are not particularly limited, but mainly alkylene having 2 to 8 carbon atoms It is preferable that they are glycols. Specifically, ethylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, 1, 4- butanediol, 1, 6- hexanediol, 1, 4- cyclohexane dimethanol, etc. are mentioned. Most preferred are 1,4-butanediol and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol.
- butylene terephthalate units or butylene naphthalate units is preferable at the point of a physical property, moldability, and cost performance.
- the aromatic polyester suitable as polyester which comprises a hard segment in the thermoplastic polyester elastomer of this invention can be obtained easily according to a conventional polyester manufacturing method. Moreover, it is preferable that such polyester has the number average molecular weights 10000-40000.
- the aliphatic polycarbonate which comprises the soft segment in the thermoplastic polyester elastomer of this invention mainly consists of a C2-C12 aliphatic diol residue and a carbonate bond.
- these aliphatic diol residues for example, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 2, 2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-diethyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 2-methyl-1,8 And residues such as -octanediol.
- an aliphatic diol residue having 5 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable in view of flexibility and low temperature characteristics
- the melting point is low (for example, 70 ° C. or lower) and the glass transition temperature is low.
- aliphatic polycarbonate diols composed of 1,6-hexanediol moieties used to form soft segments of thermoplastic polyester elastomers have a low glass transition temperature of around -60 ° C and a melting point of about 50 ° C, which is why It becomes good thing.
- the aliphatic polycarbonate diol obtained by copolymerizing an appropriate amount of the aliphatic polycarbonate diol, for example, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol has a slightly higher glass transition point compared to the original aliphatic polycarbonate diol, but a lower melting point. Or it becomes an amorphous and corresponds to the aliphatic polycarbonate diol which is favorable in low temperature characteristic.
- aliphatic polycarbonate diols composed of 1,9-nonanediol and 2-methyl-1,8-octanediol have good low temperature characteristics because the melting point is about 30 ° C. and the glass transition temperature is sufficiently low around ⁇ 70 ° C. It corresponds to aliphatic polycarbonate diol.
- the aliphatic polycarbonate diol is not necessarily composed of only the polycarbonate component but may be a copolymer of a small amount of other glycol, dicarboxylic acid, ester compound, ether compound, or the like.
- a copolymerization component For example, dicarboxylic acid, such as glycol, dimer acid, hydrogenated dimer acid, such as dimerdiol, hydrogenated dimerdiol, and these modified bodies, aliphatic, aromatic, or alicyclic dicarboxylic acid, Polyalkylene glycol or oligoalkylene glycol, such as polyester or oligoester consisting of glycol, polyester or oligoester consisting of epsilon -caprolactone, polytetramethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene glycol, etc.
- the copolymerization component can be used to such an extent that the effect of the aliphatic polycarbonate segment is not substantially lost. Specifically, it is 40 parts by weight or less, preferably 30 parts by weight or less, and more preferably 20 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the aliphatic polycarbonate segment. When there is too much copolymerization quantity, it becomes inferior to the heat aging resistance and water resistance of the obtained thermoplastic polyester elastomer.
- thermoplastic polyester elastomer of the present invention is a soft segment only to the extent that the effects of the invention are not lost.
- polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, polyoxytetramethylene glycol, polycaprolactone, polybutylene adipate, etc.
- Copolymerization components such as polyester, may be introduce
- the thermoplastic polyester elastomer has a melt index (MI) as measured by ASTM D1238 (190 ° C., 2.16 kg) of 0.01 to 30 g / 10 minutes, or 0.01 to 20 g / 10 minutes, or 0.1 to 10 g / 10 minutes, or 0.1 to 5.0 g / 10 minutes, or 0.1 to 3.0 g / 10 minutes, or 0.1 to 1.0 g / 10 minutes, or 0.3 to 0.6 g / 10 minutes, or 1 to 30 g / 10 minutes have.
- MI melt index
- thermoplastic polyester elastomers include thermoplastic polyester elastomers having a poly (1,4-butylene terephthalate) block and a poly (tetramethylene ether) glycol block. Pont de Nemours & Co. Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, USA, 19898, available as HYTREL).
- the thermoplastic polyester elastomer may have a poly (ethylene terephthalate) block and a polyalkylene glycol block.
- the thermoplastic polyester elastomer may have a poly (1,4-butylene terephthalate) block and a polyalkylene glycol block.
- TPEE Compared with other materials, TPEE is easier to control MI and more easily extruded.
- OBC olefin block copolymer
- TPO thermoplastic polyolefin
- SEBS styrene ethylene butylene styrene copolymer
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- TPEE used in the present invention can be used as a material suitable for automotive interior materials such as crash pads with a melting point of 130 °C or more.
- TPEE used in the present invention uses a melting point of 200 °C or less.
- the hardness of the used TPEE may be many grades over Shore A 95, but in these cases, because a lot of plasticizers need to be formulated to make the hardness low, there is a concern of migration and the surface properties of the product deteriorate. It is a good idea to write:
- the powder slush molding composition according to an aspect of the present invention may further contain a melt index improver to improve the melt index of the entire composition.
- the melt index improver is a compound having good compatibility with TPEE and extremely low viscosity at high heat, and is a liquid compound having good compatibility with TPEE, or has a very high melt viscosity when heated to 190 to 230 ° C., which is compatible with TPEE and has a PSM working temperature. It can be selected from low materials (eg melt viscosity of tens to hundreds of g / 10 min).
- the melt index improver is not particularly limited in kind, but may be one or more selected from the group consisting of wax, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and toluene ethylsulfonamide.
- the melt index improver may be included 1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE). If the melt index improver is used too little, the melt index improvement effect is insignificant, and if used too much, the physical properties of TPEE may be degraded.
- TPEE thermoplastic polyester elastomer
- the wax may be paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene wax, or the like.
- the wax can lower the MI at a relatively low cost without the use of suitable amounts of other properties.
- thermoplastic polyurethane refers to the reaction product of diisocyanate, at least one polymer diol, and optionally at least one bifunctional chain extender.
- TPU can be prepared by prepolymers, quasi-prepolymers, or one-shot methods.
- Diisocyanates form hard segments of the TPU and may be aromatic, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, and combinations of two or more of these compounds.
- Polymeric diols form the soft segments of the resulting TPU.
- Bifunctional chain extenders can be aliphatic straight and branched chain diols having 2 to 10 carbon atoms in the chain.
- thermoplastic polyurethane has a sharp decrease in viscosity at high temperatures, which is advantageous in increasing MI when blended into TPEE.
- resilience of the TPU is better than that of the TPEE when blended with the TPEE, the elasticity of the final product may be improved.
- Ethylene copolymers or olefin random copolymers may be mixed to control the price of the entire composition.
- the ethylene copolymer comprises i) ethylene, and ii) C3-C10 alpha monoolefins, C1-C12 alkyl esters of C3-C20 monocarboxylic acids, unsaturated C3-C20 mono or dicarboxylic acids, anhydrides and unsaturated C4-C8 dicarboxylic acids. It may be a copolymer of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers selected from the group consisting of vinyl esters of C2-C18 carboxylic acids.
- ethylene copolymers include ethylene vinyl acetate, (Ethylene Vinylacetate, EVA), ethylene butyl acrylate (Ethylene Butylacrylate, EBA), ethylene methyl acrylate (Ethylene Methylacrylate, EMA), ethylene ethyl acrylate (Ethylene Ethylacrylate, EEA), ethylene methyl methacrylate (Ethylene Methylmethacrylate, EMMA), ethylene butene copolymer (Ethylene Butene Copolymer, EB-Co), ethylene octene copolymer (Ethylene Octene Coplymer, EO-Co), and the like.
- the olefin random copolymer may be in the form of random polymerization of ethylene or propylene with one or more copolymerizable ⁇ -olefin comonomers, for example, the olefin random copolymer may be a copolymer of ethylene or propylene and octene.
- the ethylene copolymer or the olefin random copolymer may be included in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer.
- the amount of the ethylene copolymer or the olefin random copolymer exceeds 20 parts by weight, the solidification of the product after powder slush molding may be delayed.
- the composition may further include an antioxidant or a pigment.
- the antioxidant may be used, such as sunnoc, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), Songnox 1076 (songnox 1076, octadecyl 3,5-di- tert- butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate), etc., considering the color It is also possible to use a variety of pigments.
- the antioxidant or the dye may be included 1 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer. If the antioxidant or the dye exceeds 5 parts by weight, the quality of the product may be degraded due to a phenomenon such as blooming.
- the MI (190 ° C., 2.16 kg) of the final composition may be 10 to 100 g / 10 minutes, preferably 10 to 50 g / 10 minutes, more preferably 10 to 35 g / 10 minutes. If the MI (190 °C, 2.16kg) is too low, it takes a lot of time to melt during heating, while productivity is low, on the other hand, if too high, it takes a long time to harden when cooling after molding and the strength of the material may be lowered.
- the powder slush molding composition may have a fast melting rate.
- the composition is injected to make a specimen having a thickness of 2 mm, the specimen is placed on an aluminum plate (Aluminum Alloy 7010) and left in a 230 ° C. oven environment for 10 minutes. Then, after cooling at room temperature for 1 hour, the thickness of the specimen measured by separating from the aluminum plate may be less than 1.5 mm.
- the powder slush molding composition can have a fast solidification rate.
- the composition is injected to make a 2 mm thick specimen, and the specimen is placed on an aluminum alloy 7010 and heated in a 230 ° C. oven environment for 10 minutes. After removing the specimen from the aluminum plate by time while removing it from the oven and storing at room temperature, the storage time may be less than 2 minutes to be separated without a residue on the aluminum plate.
- the hardness of the final composition is Shore A 95 or less, preferably Shore A 70 to 90. If the hardness is too high, the surface feel of the product is hard to feel good, if the hardness is too low may leave a mark or scratch resistance.
- the powder slush molding composition is preferably micro pelletizing in powder form having a diameter of 1.0 mm or less for molding.
- Extruded pelletized or ground pelletized methods can be used to make the particulates.
- the non-extrusion grinding method (cryogenic grinding) has a lot of lint, so the flow is not good during PSM operation, and it is difficult for the material to reach the fine part of the mold, so that pinholes may be formed on the surface of the product. It is preferable to extrude the fine particles.
- the powder slush molding compositions described above are particularly suitable for automotive interiors.
- the scratch resistance must be good. When washing the car interior, it is repeatedly wiped with a mop, etc., and the surface should not be scratched or discolored even after a long washing. It must also be suitable for the manufacture of invisible passenger airbags.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) is preferably less than -40 °C.
- Tg thermoplastic polyester elastomer
- TPEE thermoplastic polyester elastomer
- a powder slush molding method using the composition is provided.
- the skin layer of the crash pad which is one of the automobile interior materials, may be processed by the following process after making the powder slush molding composition into a powder form.
- the powder slush molding composition of the above-mentioned powder form is put into an open container.
- the diameter of the powder may for example be less than 500um.
- the electroforming mold electrodeposited with a metal such as nickel is heated to a given temperature.
- the open container and the electroforming mold are then joined using suitable coupling means to form a closed system.
- the closure system is rotated so that the powder is transferred to the heated electroforming mold by gravity.
- the powder is melted on the inner surface of the electroforming mold to form a uniform material layer.
- the electroforming mold is then separated from the open container and the electroforming mold is cooled.
- the skin layer of the crash pad can be produced.
- the powder slush molding composition described above has a high melting rate and a solidification rate, and is capable of extruding particles. Thus it is suitable for powder slush molding process.
- the material made using the above-mentioned powder slush molding composition is excellent in antifogging properties, scratch resistance and sun discoloration, and is suitable for use as an automotive interior material such as a crash pad.
- Melting points of the polymers were measured using DSC, and Tm was measured by raising the temperature to 10 ° C. per minute according to ASTM D-3418.
- TPEE-1 Thermoplastic Polyseter elastomer Hytrel 3078 (Dupont), melting point 167 ° C, glass transition temperature -60 ° C, MI (190 ° C, 2.16kg) 5.0g / 10min, hardness Shore A 80
- TPEE-2 Thermoplastic Polyseter elastomer Hytrel 4056 (Dupont), melting point 152 ° C, glass transition temperature -50 ° C, MI (190 ° C, 2.16kg) 5.6g / 10min, hardness Shore A 92
- TPEE-3 Thermoplastic Polyseter elastomer Hytrel 4556 (Dupont), melting point 193 ° C, glass transition temperature -45 ° C, MI (190 ° C, 2.16kg) 12g / 10min, hardness Shore A 95
- TPEE-4 Thermoplastic Polyseter elastomer Hytrel 5526 (Dupont), melting point 203 ° C, glass transition temperature -20 ° C, MI (190 ° C, 2.16kg) 18g / 10min, hardness Shore A 55
- TPU-1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Neothane 6175A (Dongsung Hi-Chem), Softening Point 140 °C, Glass Transition Temperature -50 °C, MI (190 °C, 2.16kg) 60g / 10min, Hardness Shore A 75
- MI enhancer 1 toluene ethylsulfonamide (Santicizer 8)
- MI enhancer 2 polyethylene wax (Lion Chemtec LC-102N)
- Each composition was injected to make a specimen having a thickness of 2 mm, and the specimen was cut with a knife to prepare a large specimen of 50 mm x 2 mm x 2 mm. This was placed on an aluminum plate (Aluminum Alloy 7010) cooled to room temperature, placed in an oven at 230 ° C., taken out after 10 minutes, cooled to room temperature for 1 hour, and the specimens were separated from the aluminum plate, and the thickness thereof was measured. If it is 'slow', less than 1.5mm was marked as 'fast'.
- Seven specimens of 50 mm x 2 mm x 2 mm size were prepared as described above for the melting rate measurement and placed on an aluminum plate cooled to room temperature in an oven at 230 ° C. and heated for 10 minutes. Remove the specimens from the oven and store at room temperature, tear them apart after 1 minute, 1 minute 30 seconds, 2 minutes, 2 minutes 30 seconds, 3 minutes, 3 minutes 30 seconds, and 4 minutes, respectively, without tearing off the aluminum plate. The time was measured. If the time is less than 2 minutes, 'fast', if more than 2 minutes was marked as 'slow'.
- composition was tested for pelletizing when attempted by adjusting the temperature of the die and cooling water with an underwater pelletizing machine with a micropore of 0.4 mm in diameter.
- Scratch resistance Winding # 60 sand paper on the bottom of steel weight of 25mm x 50mm and weighing 1kg, reciprocating 20 times on the surface of the specimen for measuring melt rate The degree of scratching of the surface was visually observed to indicate 'good' or 'bad'.
- the compositions of Examples 1 to 6 are faster than the other compositions of Comparative Examples 1 to 13, the melting rate and the solidification rate, it is possible to extrude the granulation.
- it is excellent in anti fogging properties, scratch resistance and sun discoloration, and is suitable for use as an automotive interior material such as crash pads, and is suitable for powder slush molding process for manufacturing the same.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Instrument Panels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (12)
- 시차주사열량계(DSC) 열분석시 융점 피크온도가 130 내지 200℃인 열가소성 폴리에스테르 엘라스토머(TPEE)를 포함하되,전체 조성물의 경도가 Shore A 95 이하이며, 용융지수(190℃, 2.16kg)가 10 내지 100g/10분인 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물.
- 제1 항에 있어서,용융지수 개선제를 더 함유하는 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물.
- 제2 항에 있어서,상기 용융지수 개선제는 왁스, 열가소성 폴리우레탄(TPU), 및 톨루엔 에틸술폰아마이드로 이루어진 군 중에서 선택되는 1종 이상인 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물.
- 제2 항에 있어서,상기 용융지수 개선제는 상기 열가소성 폴리에스테르 엘라스토머 100 중량부에 대해 1 내지 20 중량부 포함된 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 열가소성 폴리에스테르 엘라스토머는 폴리(1,4-부틸렌 테레프탈레이트) 블록 및 폴리(테트라메틸렌 에테르)글리콜 블록을 갖는 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 열가소성 폴리에스테르 엘라스토머의 유리전이온도가 -40℃ 이하인 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 경도가 Shore A 70 내지 90 이하인 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 조성물을 사출하여 두께 2mm의 시편을 만들고, 상기 시편을 알루미늄 판(Aluminum Alloy 7010) 위에 놓고 230℃ 오븐 환경에 10분간 방치한 후, 1시간 동안 상온에서 식힌 뒤 상기 알루미늄 판으로부터 분리하여 측정한 상기 시편의 두께가 1.5 mm 미만인 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물.
- 제8 항에 있어서,상기 조성물을 사출하여 두께 2mm의 시편을 만들고, 상기 시편을 알루미늄 판(Aluminum Alloy 7010) 위에 놓고 230℃ 오븐 환경에 10분간 방치한 후, 상온에서 보관하면서 상기 알루미늄 판으로부터 분리하였을 때 상기 알루미늄 판에 잔류물이 없이 분리되는 보관 시간이 2분 미만인 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 조성물을 1mm 이하의 직경의 분말로 미립자화한 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물.
- 제1 항 내지 제10 항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물을 가공하여 제조한 자동차 내장재.
- 개방 용기에 제10 항에 따른 분말 형태의 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물을 투입하는 단계;전주 금형을 가열하는 단계;상기 개방 용기와 상기 전주 금형을 결합하여 밀폐 시스템을 형성하는 단계;상기 밀폐 시스템을 움직여서 상기 분말을 상기 전주 금형으로 이전시켜 상기 전주 금형의 내부 표면 상에 상기 분말이 용융되어 형성된 소재 층을 얻는 단계;상기 전주 금형을 상기 개방 용기로부터 분리하는 단계;상기 전주 금형을 냉각시키는 단계; 및상기 전주 금형으로부터 상기 소재 층을 탈형시키는 단계를 포함하는 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 방법.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP14866084.8A EP3059282A4 (en) | 2013-11-29 | 2014-10-01 | Powder slush molding composition |
CN201480064571.XA CN105764987B (zh) | 2013-11-29 | 2014-10-01 | 粉末搪塑组合物 |
JP2016554154A JP2017500235A (ja) | 2013-11-29 | 2014-10-01 | パウダースラッシュ成形組成物 |
US15/038,821 US20160376410A1 (en) | 2013-11-29 | 2014-10-01 | Powder slush molding composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2013-0147117 | 2013-11-29 | ||
KR1020130147117A KR101405525B1 (ko) | 2013-11-29 | 2013-11-29 | 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2015080373A1 true WO2015080373A1 (ko) | 2015-06-04 |
Family
ID=51132373
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/KR2014/009259 WO2015080373A1 (ko) | 2013-11-29 | 2014-10-01 | 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20160376410A1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP3059282A4 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2017500235A (ko) |
KR (1) | KR101405525B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN105764987B (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2015080373A1 (ko) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20180215849A1 (en) * | 2017-01-27 | 2018-08-02 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Segment copolymer for making icephobic coatings |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR102290493B1 (ko) * | 2017-06-16 | 2021-08-19 | 닛토덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 다층 필름, 적층체, 에어백 및 적층체 제조방법 |
CN109456576A (zh) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-12 | 浙江台州多邦高分子材料科技有限公司 | 一种高分子减震弹簧 |
KR102444985B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-27 | 2022-09-21 | (주)엘엑스하우시스 | 자동차 내장재용 표피재 및 이의 제조방법 |
WO2020118267A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | Jabil Inc. | Apparatus, system and method of additive manufacturing to impart specified characteristics to the print material and the printed output |
US11427675B2 (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2022-08-30 | Eastman Chemical Company | Copolyesters for use in low shear melt applications |
US11919988B2 (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2024-03-05 | Chang Chun Plastics Co., Ltd. | Thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer composition and product comprising the same |
CN113248696B (zh) * | 2021-05-14 | 2023-04-07 | 长春人造树脂厂股份有限公司 | 热塑性聚醚酯弹性体组合物及其制品 |
CN114350118B (zh) * | 2022-01-17 | 2023-06-09 | 成都金发科技新材料有限公司 | 一种tpee/ema组合物及其应用 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5036124A (en) | 1988-08-03 | 1991-07-30 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Polyvinyl chloride resin composition for powder molding |
US5308699A (en) | 1990-10-03 | 1994-05-03 | Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited | Thermoplastic elastomer powder for powder slush molding powder slush molding method using the same and molded article thereof |
US5744086A (en) | 1993-08-03 | 1998-04-28 | Montell North America Inc. | Slush molding of polyolefin powder compositions and the compositions |
JP2002166417A (ja) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-06-11 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 熱可塑性エラストマー組成物パウダーの製造方法 |
KR20060134052A (ko) * | 2004-02-05 | 2006-12-27 | 디에스엠 아이피 어셋츠 비.브이. | 블록 코폴리에터에스터 엘라스토머 및 그의 제조방법 |
KR20080028594A (ko) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-01 | 에스케이케미칼주식회사 | 얇고 긴 모양의 중공성형체용 공중합 폴리에스테르 수지 |
KR20110069435A (ko) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-23 | (주)엘지하우시스 | 분체상 열가소성 폴리우레탄 수지 조성물과 이의 제조방법 |
KR20120019781A (ko) | 2010-08-27 | 2012-03-07 | 주식회사 동성화학 | 인공피혁 및 합성피혁용 폴리우레탄 수지 조성물 |
Family Cites Families (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1572242A (en) * | 1976-09-16 | 1980-07-30 | Mettoy Co Ltd | Laminated materials |
US4143411A (en) * | 1977-01-07 | 1979-03-06 | Roberts Thomas E | Architectural lighting apparatus |
DE4324030A1 (de) * | 1993-07-17 | 1995-01-19 | Hoechst Ag | Kunststoff-Formmasse zur Herstellung von Formteilen mit Dekoreffekt |
JP3629644B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-22 | 2005-03-16 | 東レ・デュポン株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、その製造方法、およびそれからなるホットメルト接着剤 |
TW438657B (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 2001-06-07 | Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd | Resin molding and production method for same |
JPH08217892A (ja) * | 1995-02-16 | 1996-08-27 | Teijin Ltd | 再生フイルム |
JPH09100398A (ja) * | 1995-10-03 | 1997-04-15 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 新規なポリエステル組成物 |
JPH10310476A (ja) * | 1997-03-12 | 1998-11-24 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 粉体成形用バインダーおよび組成物、並びに焼結部材 |
US5731380A (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 1998-03-24 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Elastomeric compositions |
EP1033379A3 (en) * | 1999-03-04 | 2001-08-08 | Inoac Corporation | Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer for slush molding, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer powder for slush molding and skin material using the same |
US6521705B1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2003-02-18 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Thermoplastic elastomer composition for powder molding, powder and molded article thereof |
JP2001019863A (ja) * | 1999-07-08 | 2001-01-23 | Nippon Polyurethane Ind Co Ltd | 粉末熱可塑性樹脂組成物、及びこれを用いた成形方法並びにこれを用いた表皮材 |
JP4793516B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-09 | 2011-10-12 | ブリヂストンスポーツ株式会社 | ゴルフボール用樹脂組成物及びゴルフボール |
EP1321270A1 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2003-06-25 | Dsm N.V. | Process for making a slush-moulded article |
JP4256785B2 (ja) * | 2002-02-13 | 2009-04-22 | 株式会社カネカ | ブロック共重合体 |
ITMI20021010A1 (it) * | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-13 | Group S R L P | Procedimento per la preparazione di rivestimenti a film per la rifinitura di articoli stampati |
US6914102B2 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2005-07-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Thermoreactive hot-melt adhesives |
EP1600476A1 (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2005-11-30 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Use of polyetheresters for rotomolding |
US20060058435A1 (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2006-03-16 | Szekely Peter L | Slush molded elastomeric layer |
DE102005012720A1 (de) * | 2005-03-19 | 2006-09-21 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellng eines mehrschichtigen Verkleidungselements |
JP2006298666A (ja) * | 2005-04-15 | 2006-11-02 | Ube Ind Ltd | コンクリート用炭酸カルシウム微粉末、その製造方法、及びフレッシュコンクリート |
KR100674798B1 (ko) * | 2005-06-15 | 2007-01-29 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | 파우더 슬러쉬 몰딩 공정에 사용되는 열가소성 폴리우레탄제조용 조성물 |
JP5510861B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-19 | 2014-06-04 | 東レ・デュポン株式会社 | 複合成形体 |
JP5818578B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-25 | 2015-11-18 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | タイヤ |
JP5993544B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-25 | 2016-09-14 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | タイヤ |
JP5834856B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-06 | 2015-12-24 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 樹脂粒子及びその製造方法 |
-
2013
- 2013-11-29 KR KR1020130147117A patent/KR101405525B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2014
- 2014-10-01 WO PCT/KR2014/009259 patent/WO2015080373A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2014-10-01 CN CN201480064571.XA patent/CN105764987B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-10-01 EP EP14866084.8A patent/EP3059282A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-10-01 US US15/038,821 patent/US20160376410A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-10-01 JP JP2016554154A patent/JP2017500235A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5036124A (en) | 1988-08-03 | 1991-07-30 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Polyvinyl chloride resin composition for powder molding |
US5308699A (en) | 1990-10-03 | 1994-05-03 | Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited | Thermoplastic elastomer powder for powder slush molding powder slush molding method using the same and molded article thereof |
US5744086A (en) | 1993-08-03 | 1998-04-28 | Montell North America Inc. | Slush molding of polyolefin powder compositions and the compositions |
JP2002166417A (ja) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-06-11 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 熱可塑性エラストマー組成物パウダーの製造方法 |
KR20060134052A (ko) * | 2004-02-05 | 2006-12-27 | 디에스엠 아이피 어셋츠 비.브이. | 블록 코폴리에터에스터 엘라스토머 및 그의 제조방법 |
KR20080028594A (ko) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-01 | 에스케이케미칼주식회사 | 얇고 긴 모양의 중공성형체용 공중합 폴리에스테르 수지 |
KR20110069435A (ko) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-23 | (주)엘지하우시스 | 분체상 열가소성 폴리우레탄 수지 조성물과 이의 제조방법 |
KR20120019781A (ko) | 2010-08-27 | 2012-03-07 | 주식회사 동성화학 | 인공피혁 및 합성피혁용 폴리우레탄 수지 조성물 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20180215849A1 (en) * | 2017-01-27 | 2018-08-02 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Segment copolymer for making icephobic coatings |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101405525B1 (ko) | 2014-06-27 |
EP3059282A4 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
CN105764987B (zh) | 2018-09-14 |
US20160376410A1 (en) | 2016-12-29 |
JP2017500235A (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
EP3059282A1 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
CN105764987A (zh) | 2016-07-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2015080373A1 (ko) | 분말 슬러쉬 몰딩 조성물 | |
CN1833004B (zh) | 包含乙烯酸共聚物和聚酰胺的耐擦组合物 | |
CN101248136B (zh) | 热塑性弹性体组合物及其复合成形体 | |
CN1284667C (zh) | 装饰片 | |
JP2008503612A (ja) | カーボンブラックを含有する導電性ポリエーテルエステル組成物およびそれから製造される製品 | |
JP2886114B2 (ja) | 複合成形体及びその製造方法 | |
EP3418051A1 (en) | Transparent resin laminate | |
US20070228595A1 (en) | Instrument panel comprising a layer of a thermoplastic copolyester elastomer composition | |
JPWO2018225780A1 (ja) | 多層フィルムおよびその製造方法 | |
CN102482462B (zh) | 聚烯烃系树脂组合物及成形体 | |
JP4133345B2 (ja) | 樹脂被覆金属板 | |
JPWO2019198823A1 (ja) | 多層フィルムおよびそれを備える成形体 | |
JPH08118531A (ja) | マーキングフィルム積層シート | |
JP7332392B2 (ja) | メタクリル系樹脂積層体及びその用途 | |
JP4435707B2 (ja) | ビジュアルマ−キング用フイルム | |
JP2011194702A (ja) | 積層フィルムおよびそれを用いた成型用シート | |
JP4580066B2 (ja) | フッ素系樹脂積層体及びそれからなる成形体 | |
JP2007076270A (ja) | 多層中空成形体 | |
JP2005239977A (ja) | 表面保護フィルム | |
JP5418857B2 (ja) | 複合成形体 | |
KR100559625B1 (ko) | 자동차 내장재용 폴리에틸렌계 수지조성물 | |
JP2001234042A (ja) | 熱可塑性樹脂組成物 | |
JP2003266623A (ja) | 化粧シート及び化粧板 | |
JP2005325233A (ja) | 熱可塑性エラストマ樹脂組成物および成形体 | |
JP2004051872A (ja) | 熱可塑性樹脂組成物及びその成形体 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 14866084 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016554154 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2014866084 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2014866084 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15038821 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |