WO2015004956A1 - 半導体装置及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015004956A1 WO2015004956A1 PCT/JP2014/058852 JP2014058852W WO2015004956A1 WO 2015004956 A1 WO2015004956 A1 WO 2015004956A1 JP 2014058852 W JP2014058852 W JP 2014058852W WO 2015004956 A1 WO2015004956 A1 WO 2015004956A1
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- semiconductor device
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- semiconductor
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/002—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K20/004—Wire welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3006—Ag as the principal constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device, and more particularly to metal bonding between a mounting substrate on which a semiconductor element is mounted and a semiconductor element, and metal bonding between a semiconductor element and a lead end.
- solder materials for joining semiconductor elements to the electrodes of electronic circuits include high resistance to cracking against repeated thermal stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion between the semiconductor elements and the circuit board, and multi-step solder joints during assembly.
- a high-temperature solder material having a high melting point and excellent heat resistance is required.
- Such solder alloys have heretofore been Pb-based solder alloys having a melting temperature of around 300 ° C.
- Pb-10Sn has a solidus temperature of 268 ° C. and a liquidus temperature of 302 ° C.
- Pb-5Sn has a solidus temperature of 307 ° C and a liquidus temperature of 313 ° C.
- Pb-2Ag-8Sn has a solidus temperature of 275 ° C. and a liquidus temperature of 346 ° C.
- Pb-5Ag has a solidus temperature of 304 ° C and a liquidus temperature of 365 ° C.
- joining techniques that do not use high-temperature solder alloys have been studied.
- a method of joining using an intermetallic compound having a higher melting temperature than lead-free solder containing Sn as a main component has been studied.
- a method of joining with an intermetallic compound of Ag and Sn (Ag3Sn) using Ag, which diffuses quickly into Sn and forms an intermetallic compound at a relatively low temperature is promising.
- Patent Document 1 describes a composite solder that can be used for solder connection on the high temperature side of Pb-free temperature layer connection.
- the composite solder of Patent Document 1 has a configuration in which a metal mesh made of Cu is sandwiched between two solder foils and is crimped. Thus, by rolling and rolling the metal mesh and the solder foil, the solder foil is obtained. It has been shown that Sn enters a gap between metal meshes, and after heating, an intermetallic compound of Cu and Sn (Cu3Sn, Cu6Sn5) is formed, and high heat resistance can be achieved.
- Patent Document 1 shows that Ag network is also a promising candidate in addition to Cu, and Ag3Sn compound, which is a high-melting intermetallic compound, can be connected without melting at 280 ° C. .
- a Cu—Sn system for example, Cu6Sn5
- Cu6Sn5 which is hard and has a low melting point
- Patent Document 2 describes a bonding sheet for bonding a chip (semiconductor element) and a die.
- the bonding sheet of Patent Document 2 is a mesh sheet in which a grooved Ag sheet or Ag wire is knitted vertically and horizontally, and the surface of this Ag sheet is subjected to Sn plating with a thickness of 0.3 to 2.0 ⁇ m, By pressurizing and heating, Ag is supplied one after another from the core of the Ag sheet by heating and dissolution. For this reason, the bonding sheet of Patent Document 2 can raise the melting point of the finally formed Ag—Sn layer to 470 ° C. or more, and can be a highly heat-resistant bonding portion. It has been shown that some Ag sheets are soft and absorb thermal strain, improving reliability.
- JP 2004-174522 A (0024 to 0053, 0069, FIGS. 1 and 8) JP 2012-004594 A (0058 to 0060 stages, FIGS. 13 and 14)
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to form a high-melting intermetallic compound with few voids at a joint where the objects to be joined are joined. .
- a semiconductor device of the present invention includes an alloy layer sandwiched between a first Ag layer formed on a mounting substrate and a second Ag layer formed on a semiconductor element, and the alloy layer is a first Ag layer.
- the semiconductor device of the present invention since a plurality of Ag-containing wires are connected to an alloy layer having an Ag3Sn intermetallic compound, a void is generated when the alloy layer 13 is formed.
- the route through which the wire is removed is ensured between the wires 5, and a high melting point intermetallic compound with few voids can be formed at the joint where the objects to be joined are joined.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view and a top view of a semiconductor device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor device
- FIG. 1B is a top view of the semiconductor device.
- the semiconductor device 30 includes an Ag layer 10 formed on a semiconductor element 9 based on a wide band gap semiconductor material such as silicon (Si) or silicon carbide (SiC), and an Ag layer 4 formed on a circuit board 12.
- the alloy layer 13 includes an Ag layer 4 and an Ag 3 Sn intermetallic compound formed by the Ag component of the Ag layer 4 and the Ag layer 10 and Sn, and a plurality of Ag-containing compounds.
- the wire 5 is arranged extending from the outer peripheral side of the alloy layer 13.
- a circuit board 12 which is a mounting board on which the semiconductor element 9 is mounted is a DBC (Direct Bonded Copper) board, and includes an insulating material 2, an upper electrode 1 formed on the upper side of the insulating material 2, and a lower side of the insulating material 2.
- the lower electrode 3 is formed.
- the alloy layer 13 is an intermetallic compound, for example, Ag3Sn.
- a wire structure 20 in which a plurality of wires 5 are arranged on the Ag layer 4 of the circuit board 12 is formed.
- the plurality of wires 5 are arranged extending from the outer peripheral side of the alloy layer 13 in the same direction.
- the wire structure 20 is formed in a range wider than the width c1 in the X direction and the width c2 in the Z direction of the semiconductor element 9.
- the wire structure 20 has a width b3 in the X direction and a width b2 in the Z direction.
- seven wires 5 a, 5 b, 5 c, 5 d, 5 e, 5 f, and 5 g among the plurality of wires 5 are explicitly described.
- the pitch at which the plurality of wires 5 are arranged is b1.
- symbol of a wire uses 5 generally, and uses 5a thru
- Each wire 5 constituting the wire structure 20 is provided with a bent portion 11 on the left side in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b).
- the wire 5 is formed with a ball bond 6 at a position separated from the mounting position of the semiconductor element 9 by a length a2 on the left outer side, and a stitch bond 7 at a position separated from the mounting position of the semiconductor element 9 by a length a3 on the right outer side. Is formed.
- the bent portion 11 can have an arbitrary height, but is the highest position when the bent portion 11 finally loops.
- the length a1 is a length obtained by adding the length a2 and the length a3 to the width c1 of the semiconductor element 9 in the X direction.
- the ball bond 6 is larger than the wire diameter of the wire 5, and the length from the left outer end of the ball bond 6 to the right outer end of the stitch bond 7 is b3.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the alloy layer of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the basic characteristics of the intermetallic compound Ag3Sn.
- the Ag column is a numerical value in Ag of Ag3Sn
- the Sn column is a numerical value in Sn of Ag3Sn
- the total column is a numerical value in Ag3Sn. Since Ag3Sn has a composition ratio of Ag and Sn of 3: 1 in atomic% (at%), it becomes Ag75at%: Sn25at%.
- Ag wires (referred to as Ag wires as appropriate) 5c and 5d are disposed inside the Sn layer 8, an Ag layer 10 is disposed above the Sn layer 8, and an Ag layer 4 is disposed below the Sn layer 8.
- the material to be joined (semiconductor element 9, upper electrode 1) of the present invention is subjected to Ag plating, and the Ag wire is stretched in only one direction in the surface and bonded so that it does not flow when the solder is melted.
- a point a in FIG. 2 is a contact point between the circle of the Ag wire 5 c and the Ag layer 10
- a point c is a contact point between the circle of the Ag wire 5 c and the Ag layer 4.
- a point b in FIG. 2 is a contact point between the circle of the Ag wire 5 d and the Ag layer 10, and a point d is a contact point between the circle of the Ag wire 5 d and the Ag layer 4.
- the limit value on the device for the pitch y is defined as equation (1).
- the pitch y needs the condition of the formula (2). If the pitch is further narrowed, the wire bonding apparatus comes into contact with adjacent wires. For example, if the wire is ⁇ 12 ⁇ m, the pitch is 30 ⁇ m, and if it is ⁇ 20 ⁇ m, the pitch is 50 ⁇ m.
- y 2.5x (1) y ⁇ 2.5x (2)
- Ag3Sn needs to be formed by diffusing the surrounding Ag into the region A1 inside the Sn layer 8 surrounded by the points a, b, c, and d.
- the limit value that can be made Ag3Sn has the following relational expression.
- a calculation formula in which this relational expression (3) is specifically applied to the cross section of FIG. 2 can be expressed as follows. 0.5 ⁇ (2yz + ⁇ (x / 2) 2 ) ⁇ (xy ⁇ (x / 2) 2 ) ... (4)
- 2yz on the left side is the total area of the region A2 and the region A3
- ⁇ (x / 2) 2 on the left side is the total area of the semicircular region A4 and the semicircular region A5.
- the right side is the area of the region A1.
- Expression (11) is obtained via Expressions (7) to (10).
- the amount of Sn required can be calculated.
- the required thickness t of the Sn layer 8 is calculated as follows. t ⁇ (xy ⁇ (x / 2) 2 ) / y (13) Applying equation (1) to equation (13) and eliminating y or x results in equations (14) and (15). t ⁇ 0.68x (14) t ⁇ 0.27y (15)
- the circuit board 12 a commercially available DBC board having a size of 30 mm ⁇ 30 mm and a thickness of 1.12 mm is prepared.
- the thicknesses of the upper electrode 1 made of Cu, the insulating material 2 made of Si3N4, and the lower electrode 3 made of Cu are 0.4 mm, 0.32 mm, and 0.4 mm, respectively.
- the DBC substrate can be purchased from, for example, Electrochemical Industry Co., Ltd. Ag plating can be carried out, for example, at Taiyo Corporation.
- Sn layer 8 a commercially available Sn foil having a size of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm and a thickness of 9 ⁇ m and a purity of 99.5 wt% was prepared.
- Sn foil can be purchased from, for example, Fukuda Metal Foil Powder Co., Ltd.
- a SiC element having a size of 7 mm ⁇ 7 mm and a thickness of 0.25 mm is prepared as the semiconductor element 9.
- 6.5 ⁇ m of Ag is metalized to form an Ag layer 10.
- Such a SiC element can be purchased from, for example, Nippon Steel & Sumikin Co., Ltd.
- an Ag wire 5 having a purity of 99.99 wt% and having a winding diameter of 12 ⁇ m and a length of 100 m was prepared.
- Ag wire can be purchased from Noge Electric Industry, for example.
- the Ag wire was bonded to the Ag layer 4 on the circuit board 12 with a commercially available wire bonder.
- the wire bonder is, for example, FB-910 manufactured by Kaijo Co., Ltd. or UTC-5000 manufactured by Shinkawa Co., Ltd.
- wire bonding (wire connection process) will be described.
- a nitrogen gas containing 5% hydrogen is blown onto the tip of the wire 5, and discharge conditions (discharge current, time) that can stably form a true spherical ball with a diameter of about 1.5 to 1.8 times the wire diameter by discharge.
- the true sphere is not stably formed and the eccentricity occurs, the pressure is not uniformly applied when bonding is performed, so that the bonding is not performed properly.
- bonding cannot be performed at the target position and the pitch is not stable, so care must be taken.
- the bent portion 11 can have an arbitrary height, but when the bent portion 11 finally loops, it becomes the highest position, so that the loop height d1 is set to 50 ⁇ m, which is the limit in a commercially available device. adjust. Further, the loop height d2 at the element mounting position is adjusted to be 80% or less of d1.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 are diagrams for explaining the positions of semiconductor elements and wires according to a comparative example.
- FIG. 7 shows a state before the semiconductor element 9 contacts the wire 16
- FIG. 8 shows a state where the semiconductor element 9 presses the wire 16.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrams for explaining the positions of the semiconductor element and the wire according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a state before the semiconductor element 9 contacts the wire 5
- FIG. 6 shows a state where the semiconductor element 9 presses the wire 5.
- a structure in which the wire structure 20 is formed on the Ag layer 4 on the circuit board 12 will be referred to as a circuit board with wire 21.
- the chip bonding area 15 is an area equal to the area of the mounting surface of the semiconductor element 9.
- the semiconductor element 9 in which the Sn layer 8 and the Ag layer 10 are formed at a position of 80% or less of the maximum loop height d1 of the wire 5 in the circuit board with wire 21 on which the Ag wire 5 is stretched. semiconductor element mounting process.
- the production intermediate was heat-treated at 180 ° C. for 10 minutes in a formic acid reducing atmosphere to remove the oxide film on the surface of each member.
- vacuuming was performed, and a heat treatment was performed at 300 ° C. for 10 minutes (alloy layer forming step) while applying pressure at 1 MPa using a simple pressure jig.
- a pressure of 1 MPa is applied. Since the size of the semiconductor element 9 is 7 mm ⁇ 7 mm, the bonding area is 49 mm 2. To apply a load of 1 MPa, that is, 49 N, a load of 4.9 kgf ⁇ 5 kg may be applied. With such a load, a large-scale device such as a press machine is not necessary, and it can be easily executed with a simple jig with a spring with a stopper. For example, the design and purchase of a spring can be made from Tokai Spring Industry. The pressurizing jig using the spring can be manufactured by, for example, Kishida Engineering.
- FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional image and a composition analysis result of a typical joint.
- a cross-sectional image 41, an Ag element distribution 42, and a Sn element distribution 43 of the joint are shown.
- the cross-sectional image 41 of the joint portion clarifies the boundaries of the semiconductor element 9, the alloy layer 13, and the upper electrode 1 in the cross-sectional SEM image of the joint portion including the alloy layer 13.
- the scale 45 has a length of 10 ⁇ m.
- Reference numerals L1, L2, L3, and L4 indicate four-level detection level regions in the Ag element or Sn element, and are L1 to L4 in order from the region with the smallest detection amount to the region with the largest detection amount.
- the L4 region is an Ag single phase
- the L3 region is an Ag3Sn phase in which Ag3Sn is formed.
- the Ag single phase corresponds to the L1 region in which Sn element is not detected in the Sn element distribution 43.
- the Ag3Sn phase corresponds to the L2 region in the Sn element distribution 43.
- Example 1 In the Ag element distribution 42, there is a thin L3 region in the gap between the upper and lower L1 regions and the L4 region, but this is omitted so as not to complicate the figure. Further, the joint portion was observed with a transmission X-ray apparatus, the transmission X-ray image was binarized, and the void ratio was calculated. The void ratio was as good as 4% against the target void ratio of 10% or less. .
- the sample thus manufactured is referred to as Example 1.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the characteristics of Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.
- the pitch y is 2.5x calculated from the equation (1) for each wire diameter
- the Ag layer 10 of the semiconductor element 9 and the Ag layer 4 of the circuit board 21 with wire are represented by the formula ( 11) and thickness z within the range calculated from (12).
- the state of alloy formation was observed by SEM, and the void ratio was calculated from the transmission X-ray image.
- the alloy formation state was good and the void ratio was 4% or less, which was good.
- FIG. 10 shows the manufacturing conditions of each sample, the alloy formation state and the void ratio, which are inspection results.
- the wire pulling direction indicates one direction or multiple directions including two or more directions.
- the required plating thickness is the thickness z of the Ag layers 4 and 10 that satisfy the expressions (11) and (12).
- the actual plating thickness z is the thickness of the Ag layers 4 and 10 of each sample.
- the conformity of the theoretical formula indicates whether the theoretical formulas (2), (11), and (12) are satisfied (OK display) or not (NG display).
- the necessary Sn foil thickness is the thickness t of the Sn layer 8 that satisfies the expressions (14) and (15).
- the actual Sn foil thickness t is the thickness of the Sn layer 8 of each sample.
- the alloy formation indicates whether or not the alloy layer 13 at the joint is good. When the alloy formation is good, OK is indicated, indicating that the joint is formed of only Ag and Ag3Sn and there is no Sn single phase. When the alloy formation is poor, NG is displayed.
- the thickness of the Sn layer 8 is greater than the required thickness, and the conditions shown in the equations (2), (11), and (12) are satisfied.
- the alloy formation state and void ratio were all good.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 4 shown in FIG. 10 will be described.
- the wire diameter x of the Ag wire 5 was 12 to 50 ⁇ m and the pitch y was 30 to 125 ⁇ m calculated from the equation (1).
- the pitch y is 2.5x calculated from Equation (1)
- the Ag layer 10 of the semiconductor element 9 and the Ag layer 4 of the circuit board 21 with wire are represented by the formula ( 11) and thickness z deviating from the range calculated from (12).
- the state of alloy formation was observed by SEM, and the void ratio was calculated from the transmission X-ray image.
- the void ratio was as good as 10% or less of the target, but the alloy formation state was poor because the Sn single phase remained in part. (NG).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the examples and comparative examples of the present invention.
- the wire diameter x of the Ag wire 5 was 12 to 50 ⁇ m and the pitch y was 40 to 140 ⁇ m satisfying the formula (2).
- the pitch y is set to a value larger than 2.5x satisfying the formula (2), and the Ag layer 10 of the semiconductor element 9 and the Ag layer 4 of the circuit board 21 with wire are represented by the formulas.
- the thickness z is within the range calculated from (11) and (12).
- the state of alloy formation was observed by SEM, and the void ratio was calculated from the transmission X-ray image. As a result, as shown in FIG. 11, in Examples 11 to 14, the alloy formation state was good and the void ratio was 4% or less, which was good.
- the Sn layer 8 and the semiconductor element 9 on which the Ag layer 10 was formed were sequentially placed at a position of 80% or less of the maximum loop height d1 of the wire 5 (semiconductor element mounting step).
- This production intermediate was subjected to the same process as in Examples 1 to 14 to produce Comparative Examples 5 and 6.
- the difference between the comparative example 5 and the comparative example 6 is the thickness of the Sn layer 8, which is 50 ⁇ m in the comparative example 5 and 40 ⁇ m in the comparative example 6.
- Comparative Examples 5 and 6 the alloy formation state was observed by SEM, and the void ratio was calculated from the transmission X-ray image. As a result, in Comparative Example 5 in which the thickness of the Sn layer 8 is 50 ⁇ m, the Sn single phase exists, the alloy formation state is poor, the void ratio is 15%, and the target condition is 10% or less. could not clear. In Comparative Example 6 in which the thickness of the Sn layer 8 was 40 ⁇ m, the alloy formation state was good, but the amount of Sn was insufficient and the voids could not be completely removed, so the void ratio deteriorated to 20%.
- the semiconductor device 30 according to the first embodiment includes an intermetallic compound of Ag and Sn that does not melt even at 300 ° C. at a junction between the circuit board 12 and the semiconductor element 9 or the like, that is, a junction between the objects to be joined. Since Ag3Sn (melting point of about 470 ° C.) is formed, the high melting point alloy layer 13 can be formed.
- Ag layers 4 and 10 are formed on a bonding target such as the circuit board 12 and the semiconductor element 9, and a plurality of Ag layers 4 on the circuit board 12 that is one bonding target are formed on the Ag layer 4.
- the Ag wire 5 is stretched in only one direction in the plane, and a wire structure 20 is formed so that the Ag wire 5 does not flow during bonding.
- the semiconductor device 30 Sn is melted in a circuit board with wire 21 in which the wire structure 20 is formed on the Ag layer 4 on the circuit board 12, and the intermetallic compound Ag3Sn (melting point is about 470 ° C.). And an alloy layer 13 made of Ag.
- the semiconductor device 30 according to the first embodiment forms the high melting point intermetallic compound Ag3Sn with few voids at the junction between the circuit board 12 and the semiconductor element 9, etc., that is, at the junction where the objects to be joined are joined. Can do.
- the semiconductor device 30 according to the first embodiment by stretching the Ag wire 5 in one direction, when the Sn melts and the intermetallic compound Ag3Sn is formed, a route through which the generated voids escape is secured. Therefore, it is possible to reduce voids compared to a wire network in which Ag wires are stretched in the X direction and the Y direction. Also, by using the Ag wire 5, a sufficient amount of Ag is supplied from the wire 5 or the Ag layer at the joint between the circuit board 12 and the semiconductor element 9, etc., so that the intermetallic compound Ag3Sn has a sufficient thickness. Thus, the junction thickness, that is, the thickness of the alloy layer 13 can be made uniform.
- the semiconductor device 30 according to the first embodiment has an effect of suppressing the occurrence of cracks in the joint portion because the joint portion between the circuit board 12 and the semiconductor element 9 and the like cannot have an extremely thin joint thickness.
- the atmosphere at the time of joining is not limited to formic acid, but may be acetic acid, citric acid, toluene acid, or hydrogen.
- the Ag wire diameter (wire diameter x) was 12 to 50 ⁇ m in this test.
- a general wire bonder is limited to about 50 ⁇ m, but the Ag wire diameter is not limited to 12 to 50 ⁇ m as long as it can be customized so that a wire larger than 50 ⁇ m can be bonded.
- the pitch y is inevitably increased, and the volume covered with Ag3Sn increases. Therefore, it is necessary to make the Ag layers 4 and 10 thicker and the cost increases, which is not preferable.
- the Ag wire diameter is preferably 12 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the pressurizing force at the time of joining is not limited as long as the floated wire 5 can be properly pressed, and the same effect can be obtained at 0.1 MPa or more. If the applied pressure is less than 0.1 MPa, the load cannot be applied properly, and the joining thickness is not stable. Moreover, it is preferable to apply a pressure of about 1 MPa once after the Ag wire bonding and before bonding in a reducing atmosphere because the shape of the Ag wire becomes more stable at the time of bonding.
- FIG. 12 shows the results of the experiment for determining the growth rate of Ag3Sn.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the temperature and the thickness of each intermetallic compound Ag3Sn according to the present invention. A 1 ⁇ m thick, 300 mm thick Sn pellet was placed on a 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm Ag plate, and a sample that was heat-treated in a formic acid reducing atmosphere at any temperature and time conditions was prepared. Thereafter, cross-sectional observation with an SEM was conducted to examine the thickness of Ag3Sn. As shown in FIG. 12, samples with a heat treatment condition of 250 ° C. for 1 minute had an average of 3.8 ⁇ m.
- a 1 mm thick, 300 mm thick Sn pellet is placed on a 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm Cu plate, heat-treated under any conditions in a formic acid reducing atmosphere, and then cross-sectional observed with an SEM, Cu and Sn When the thickness of the alloy layer is examined, it is about 0.7 ⁇ m, and it is confirmed that the diffusion of Ag is 5 to 6 times faster.
- the foil-like Sn layer 8 is Sn 100% this time, but is not limited to this.
- Sn may contain at least one of Ag, Cu, Sb, Bi, In, Zn, Mg, Si, P, Ga, Ni, Co, and Ge.
- the material of the wire 5 is preferably Ag, but the same effect can be obtained with Ni, Cu, Fe, or Au other than Ag.
- the material of the corresponding wire 5 is used as the material of the Ag layer 4 and the Ag layer 10.
- at least one of Pd, Ni, Cu, Fe, Au, Pt, Al, Sn, Sb, Ti, and P may be added to the Ag of the wire 5.
- the joining portion is not limited to joining between the semiconductor element 9 and the circuit board 12, but is used for a heat sink disposed in the circuit board 12 and the lower part thereof, a joining part between the semiconductor element 9 and the lead frame, or the like. May be.
- the semiconductor element 9 may be a general element based on a silicon wafer, but in the present invention, the band gap is wider than silicon such as silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN) -based material, or diamond. A so-called wide band gap semiconductor material can be applied.
- the device type of the semiconductor element 9 is not particularly limited, but a switching element such as an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) or a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistor), or a rectifying element such as a diode. Can be installed.
- silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN) -based material, or diamond is used for the semiconductor element 9 functioning as a switching element or a rectifying element
- an element formed of silicon (Si) that has been conventionally used Since the power loss is lower than that, the efficiency of the power module can be increased. Further, since the withstand voltage is high and the allowable current density is high, the power module can be downsized.
- wide bandgap semiconductor elements have high heat resistance, enabling high-temperature operation, and reducing the size of the radiating fins and air cooling of the water-cooled part. This further reduces the size of power modules equipped with radiating fins. Can be realized.
- the alloy layer 13 includes an Ag component of the first Ag layer and the second Ag layer, and an Ag3Sn intermetallic compound formed of Sn, and includes Ag. Since the plurality of wires 5 are arranged extending from the outer peripheral side of the alloy layer 13, that is, the plurality of wires 5 containing Ag are connected to the alloy layer 13 having an intermetallic compound of Ag 3 Sn. Since the structure is provided, a route through which voids generated at least when the alloy layer 13 is formed is secured between the wires 5, and there are few voids at the joint where the objects to be joined are joined. High melting point intermetallic compound It can be formed.
- the plurality of wires 5 containing Ag are parallel or radially formed on the first Ag layer 4 formed on the mounting substrate (circuit substrate 12).
- a wire structure forming step for forming the arranged wire structure 20, and a semiconductor element 9 in which the area of the mounting surface is smaller than the outer area of the wire structure 20, and the second Ag layer 10 is formed on the mounting surface Are mounted on the wire structure 20 with the Sn layer 8 interposed therebetween, and heat treatment is performed after the semiconductor element mounting step to bond the mounting substrate (circuit substrate 12) and the semiconductor element 9 together.
- an alloy layer forming step of forming an alloy layer 13 having an Ag3Sn intermetallic compound at the joint Therefore, it is possible to ensure a route through which voids generated at the time of the alloy layer forming step escape.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an arrangement of wires according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the wire structure 20 illustrated in FIG. 13 is an example in which regions divided by four wires 5a1, 5a2, 5a3, and 5a4 have the same shape.
- the wires 5a1 to 5a2 are referred to as a first region
- the wires 5a2 to 5a3 are referred to as a second region
- the wires 5a3 to 5a4 are referred to as a third region
- the wires 5a4 to 5a1 are referred to as a fourth region.
- the wires 5a1 and 5a3 are arranged on the same straight line, and the wires 5a2 and 5a4 are arranged on the same straight line.
- the wire 5a2 is arranged perpendicular to the wires 5a1 and 5a3, and the wire 5a4 is also arranged perpendicular to the wires 5a1 and 5a3.
- the wire 5b1 is arranged in the first region so that the angles of the wire 5a1 and the wire 5a2 are equal.
- the wire 5b2 is arranged in the second region so that the angles of the wires 5a2 and 5a3 are equal, and the wire 5b3 is arranged in the third region so that the angles of the wires 5a3 and 5a4 are equal,
- the wires 5b4 are arranged in the four regions so that the angles of the wires 5a4 and 5a1 are equal.
- the wire 5c1 is arranged so that the angles of the wire 5a1 and the wire 5b1 are equal.
- the wire 5c2 is disposed so that the angles of the wire 5b1 and the wire 5a2 are equal.
- the wire 5d1 is disposed between the wire 5a1 and the wire 5c1, and the wire 5d2 is disposed between the wire 5c2 and the wire 5a2.
- the wire 5e1 is disposed between the wire 5c1 and the wire 5b1, and the wire 5e2 is disposed between the wire 5b1 and the wire 5c2.
- the wire structure 20 shown in FIG. 13 has a rounded quadrangular shape in which the outer peripheral shape of the 32 wires 5 is rounded.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the positions of the semiconductor elements and wires according to the second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- 14 and 15 show cross sections when the wire 5a1 and the wire 5a3 are cut.
- FIG. 14 shows a state before the semiconductor element 9 contacts the wire 5 of the circuit board 21 with wire.
- the wires 5 other than the wires 5a1 and 5a3 are omitted.
- the wire 5 is wire-bonded from the outside toward the center in the wire connection process of the wire structure forming process, but the other processes are the same.
- the semiconductor element 9 is mounted at a position where the loop height d2 of the wire 5 at the element mounting position is 80% or less of d1 as in the first embodiment.
- a plurality of wires 5 are arranged radially extending from the outer peripheral side of the alloy layer 13.
- the wire structure 20 when Sn is melted to form the intermetallic compound Ag3Sn, not a little void is generated from the center to the outer peripheral side. The Even in the case shown in FIG. 13, when Sn melts to form the intermetallic compound Ag3Sn, a route through which a void that occurs at least is removed is secured. Less and good bonding can be obtained. 13 to 15 show an example in which the stitch bond 7 is substantially at the center of the wire structure 20. However, the present invention is not limited to this example, and the stitch bond 7 may be located inside the wire structure 20. Good.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1による半導体装置の断面図及び上面図である。図1(a)は半導体装置の断面図であり、図1(b)は半導体装置の上面図である。半導体装置30は、シリコン(Si)やシリコンカーバイド(SiC)等のワイドバンドギャップ半導体材料を基材とした半導体素子9に形成されたAg層10と回路基板12に形成されたAg層4との間に狭持された合金層13を備えており、合金層13は、Ag層4、Ag層10のAg成分とSnによって形成されたAg3Snの金属間化合物を有し、Agを含んだ複数のワイヤ5が合金層13の外周側から延伸して配置されている。半導体素子9を実装する実装基板である回路基板12は、DBC(Direct Bonded Cupper)基板であり、絶縁材2と、絶縁材2の上側に形成された上電極1と、絶縁材2の下側に形成された下電極3を備える。合金層13は、金属間化合物であり、例えばAg3Snである。合金層13を形成するために、回路基板12のAg層4に複数のワイヤ5が配置されたワイヤ構造体20が形成されている。複数のワイヤ5は、同一の方向に、合金層13の外周側から延伸して配置されている。ワイヤ構造体20は、半導体素子9のX方向の幅c1、Z方向の幅c2よりも広い範囲に形成される。ワイヤ構造体20のX方向の幅b3、Z方向の幅b2である。図1(b)では、複数のワイヤ5のうち、7本のワイヤ5a、5b、5c、5d、5e、5f、5gを明示的に記載した。複数のワイヤ5を配置するピッチは、b1である。なお、ワイヤの符号は、総括的に5を用い、区別して説明する場合に5a乃至5gを用いる。
y=2.5x ・・・(1)
y≧2.5x ・・・(2)
Agの供給量×0.5≧abcdで囲まれた領域A1 ・・・(3)
0.5×(2yz+π(x/2)2)≧(xy-π(x/2)2)
・・・(4)
ここで、左辺における2yzは領域A2と領域A3の合計面積であり、左辺におけるπ(x/2)2は半円領域A4と半円領域A5の合計面積である。右辺は領域A1の面積である。
yz+1/8πx2 ≧ xy-2/8πx2 ・・・(5)
yz+3/8πx2 ≧ xy ・・・(6)
2.5xz+3/8πx2 ≧ 2.5x2 ・・・(7)
2.5z+3/8πx ≧ 2.5x ・・・(8)
2.5z ≧ (2.5-3/8π)x ・・・(9)
z ≧ ((2.5-3/8π)/2.5)x ・・・(10)
z ≧ 0.53x ・・・(11)
z≧0.21y ・・・(12)
y≧2.5x ・・・(2)
z≧0.53x ・・・(11)
z≧0.21y ・・・(12)
t≒(xy-π(x/2)2)/y ・・・(13)
式(13)に式(1)を適用して、yまたはxを消去すると、式(14)、式(15)のようになる。
t≒0.68x ・・・(14)
t≒0.27y ・・・(15)
Agのワイヤ5の配置形状は、実施の形態1で示した配置形状に限らず、例えば図13のように放射状に配置させた配置形状でも良い。図13は、本発明の実施の形態2によるワイヤの配置を示す図である。図13に示したワイヤ構造体20は、4つのワイヤ5a1、5a2、5a3、5a4で区切られた領域が同じ形状である例である。便宜上、ワイヤ5a1~ワイヤ5a2を第1領域と呼び、ワイヤ5a2~ワイヤ5a3を第2領域と呼び、ワイヤ5a3~ワイヤ5a4を第3領域と呼び、ワイヤ5a4~ワイヤ5a1を第4領域と呼ぶことにする。
る。図13に示すようにしても、Snが溶融して金属間化合物Ag3Snが形成される際に、少なからず発生するボイドの抜けるルートが確保されているため、実施の形態1と同様に、ボイドが少なく、良好な接合が得られる。なお、図13~図15では、ステッチボンド7がワイヤ構造体20のほぼ中央にある例を示したが、これに限定されることはなく、ステッチボンド7がワイヤ構造体20の内側にあればよい。
5a1、5a2、5a3、5a4、5b1、5b2、5b3、5b4、
5c1、5c2、5d1、5d2、5e1、5e2…ワイヤ、8…Sn層、
9…半導体素子、10…Ag層、11…屈曲部、12…回路基板、
13…合金層、20…ワイヤ構造体、30…半導体装置。
Claims (22)
- 半導体素子が実装基板に接合された半導体装置であって、
前記実装基板に形成された第1のAg層と、前記半導体素子に形成された第2のAg層との間に挟持された合金層を備え、
前記合金層は、
第1のAg層及び第2のAg層のAg成分と、Snによって形成されたAg3Snの金属間化合物を有し、Agを含んだ複数のワイヤが当該合金層の外周側から延伸して配置されたことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記ワイヤは、同一の方向に延伸して配置されたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ワイヤは、前記合金層の外周側から放射状に延伸して配置されたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ワイヤの材質は、Ag以外に、Pd、Ni、Cu、Fe、Au、Pt、Al、Sn、Sb,Ti、Pのうち少なくとも1種類以上添加されていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記半導体素子は、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体材料により形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体材料は、シリコンカーバイド、窒化ガリウム系材料、またはダイヤモンドのうちのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項5記載の半導体装置。
- 半導体素子が実装基板に接合された半導体装置を製造する半導体装置の製造方法であって、
前記実装基板に形成された第1のAg層に、Agを含んだ複数のワイヤが平行に又は放射状に配置されたワイヤ構造体を形成するワイヤ構造体形成工程と、
前記ワイヤ構造体の外形面積よりも実装面の面積が小さくて、前記実装面に第2のAg層が形成された前記半導体素子を、前記ワイヤ構造体に、Sn層を介在させて搭載する半導体素子搭載工程と、
前記半導体素子搭載工程の後に、熱処理を行い、前記実装基板と前記半導体素子とが接合された接合部に、Ag3Snの金属間化合物を有する合金層を形成する合金層形成工程と、を含むことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記ワイヤ構造体形成工程において、前記ワイヤ構造体は、外周側に当該ワイヤ構造体の最大高さとなる屈曲部を有するように形成され、
前記半導体素子搭載工程において、前記半導体素子は、前記ワイヤ構造体における最大高さの80%よりも低い領域に搭載されることを特徴とする請求項7記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記ワイヤ構造体形成工程は、前記ワイヤを互いに平行になるように前記第1のAg層に接続するワイヤ接続工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記ワイヤ構造体形成工程は、前記ワイヤを前記ワイヤ構造体の外側から内側に延伸させながら前記第1のAg層に接続するワイヤ接続工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 請求項9記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記第1のAg層及び前記第2のAg層の厚さをzとし、前記ワイヤのワイヤ直径をxとし、前記ワイヤが配置されるピッチをyとした場合に、
y≧2.5x、z≧0.53x、z≧0.21y
を満たすことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項11記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記Sn層の厚さをtとした場合に、
t≧0.68x、t≧0.27y
を満たすことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項7から12のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記ワイヤのワイヤ直径が、12μm以上で50μm以下であることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項7から12のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記第1のAg層及び前記第2のAg層の厚さが、6.3μm以上で29.4μm以下であることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項9、11、12のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記ワイヤが配置されるピッチが、30μm以上で140μm以下であることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項12記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記Sn層の厚さが、9μm以上で37μm以下であることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項7から16のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記合金層形成工程が実行される雰囲気が、ギ酸、酢酸、クエン酸、トルエン酸、水素のいずれかであることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項7から16のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記合金層形成工程において、前記半導体素子が前記実装基板の側に押される加圧力は、0.1MPa以上であることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項7から16のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記Sn層は、Sn以外に、Ag、Cu、Sb、Bi、In,Zn、Mg、Si、P、Ga、Ni、Co、Geのうち少なくとも1種類以上含まれていることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項7から16のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記ワイヤの材質は、Ag以外に、Pd、Ni、Cu、Fe、Au、Pt、Al、Sn、Sb,Ti、Pのうち少なくとも1種類以上添加されていることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記半導体素子は、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体材料により形成されていることを特徴とする請求項7から20のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体材料は、シリコンカーバイド、窒化ガリウム系材料、またはダイヤモンドのうちのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項21記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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JP2018006576A (ja) * | 2016-07-01 | 2018-01-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
JP2018200918A (ja) * | 2017-05-25 | 2018-12-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | パワーモジュール |
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JP6795307B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-12 | 2020-12-02 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | 接合材、接合材の製造方法、接合構造体の作製方法 |
JP6487122B2 (ja) * | 2016-06-14 | 2019-03-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力用半導体装置 |
US10763192B2 (en) | 2017-12-07 | 2020-09-01 | Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. | Method of manufacturing semiconductor devices and corresponding semiconductor device |
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