WO2014190936A1 - 调节血糖的药剂 - Google Patents

调节血糖的药剂 Download PDF

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WO2014190936A1
WO2014190936A1 PCT/CN2014/078897 CN2014078897W WO2014190936A1 WO 2014190936 A1 WO2014190936 A1 WO 2014190936A1 CN 2014078897 W CN2014078897 W CN 2014078897W WO 2014190936 A1 WO2014190936 A1 WO 2014190936A1
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compound
use according
formula
group
medicament
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PCT/CN2014/078897
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English (en)
French (fr)
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龚瑞林
柯汎其
叶艾灵
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杏辉天力(杭州)药业有限公司
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Priority to EP14805001.6A priority Critical patent/EP3006087B1/en
Priority to JP2016515643A priority patent/JP6211689B2/ja
Priority to KR1020157033701A priority patent/KR101891584B1/ko
Priority to RU2015151034A priority patent/RU2637635C2/ru
Publication of WO2014190936A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014190936A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7028Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
    • A61K31/7032Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a polyol, i.e. compounds having two or more free or esterified hydroxy groups, including the hydroxy group involved in the glycosidic linkage, e.g. monoglucosyldiacylglycerides, lactobionic acid, gangliosides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7016Disaccharides, e.g. lactose, lactulose
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/702Oligosaccharides, i.e. having three to five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7028Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/64Orobanchaceae (Broom-rape family)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06Antihyperlipidemics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H15/00Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
    • C07H15/18Acyclic radicals, substituted by carbocyclic rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2121/00Preparations for use in therapy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an agent for increasing the amount of expression of SIRT 1 mRNA and I or reducing the amount of expression of SOCS3 mRNA, particularly for regulating blood glucose and the provision of the agent for regulating blood sugar, particularly using an active ingredient which can be obtained, for example, from Cistanche tubulosa extract Use in the manufacture of a medicament for the aforementioned applications.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder. The main cause is insufficient insulin secretion or the inability of tissues of the organism to effectively utilize glucose, resulting in excessive levels of glucose in the blood. It is known that insulin is secreted by beta cells in the pancreas, which has the effect of regulating blood sugar, which stimulates fat and muscle cells for glucose transport.
  • Diabetic patients may experience symptoms such as thirst, polyuria, blurred vision, and weight loss, and long-term hyperglycemia may cause dysfunction and failure of various organs.
  • diabetes can be mainly divided into type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
  • type 1 diabetes is also called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, its possible cause. It is caused by infection or environmental toxin that the patient's own immune system attacks the pancreatic ⁇ -cell, which causes the patient's pancreatic ⁇ -cell to be damaged, resulting in absolute insulin deficiency, which causes the patient's blood sugar to rise.
  • Type 1 diabetes accounts for about 5% to 10% of all diabetes. Most The patient will be diagnosed before the age of 30, so it is also known as juvenile diabetes mellitus.
  • Type 2 diabetes is also called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
  • the general age of onset is 40 years old, so it is also called adult-onset diabetes.
  • Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90% to 95% of all diabetic populations.
  • the cause of the disease is the insulin resistance of the cells in the patient's body.
  • pancreatic ⁇ cells is gradually reduced, followed by abnormal metabolism of diabetes.
  • These patients often have symptoms such as hyperlipidemia and obesity.
  • Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include genetic abnormalities, family history of diabetes, the elderly, obesity (especially abdominal obesity), low physical activity, pre-existing diabetes, and impaired glucose homeostasis.
  • the clinical treatment of diabetes mainly includes exercise, diet control, and drug treatment.
  • the drug treatment includes insulin injection, oral hypoglycemic drugs, such as sulfonyl ureas (sufonylureas), biguanides.
  • the compound of the following formula (I) can increase the SIRT 1 mRNA expression amount and/or decrease the SOCS3 mRNA expression amount, and has excellent hypoglycemic effect, so it can be used for regulating blood sugar, and is especially useful for treating the first type.
  • Diabetes and / or type 2 diabetes Where X is the other H, OH or hour, Z is And R1 to R13 are each independently H or 0H, and wherein R1 to R3 are not H at the same time; R8 and R9 are not at the same time 11.
  • the compound of the formula (I) is at least one of the following compounds (1) or (2), which may be obtained from a plant extract, such as Cistanche tubulosa extract,
  • Cistanche tubulosa is derived from the genus Cistanche, and its active ingredient is mainly phenylethanoid glycosides, including echinacoside, flavonoids and heterophylloside.
  • the research team of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine used the in vitro glucose consumption test of hepatocytes and the mouse model of type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes induced by different drugs to carry out in vivo hypoglycemic efficacy test. The results were found to be derived from psyllium.
  • the flavonoids have a function of promoting grape consumption and can reduce the amount of fasting blood glucose by increasing the serum insulin content (see Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN 102283854 A, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference). Therefore, this study used the animal model of diabetes and the hepatocyte glucose consumption test to confirm the main components of the extract of Cistanche tubulosa.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a use of an active ingredient for the preparation of a medicament, wherein the medicament is for increasing SIRT 1 ( sirtuin 1 ) mRNA expression and I or reducing SOCS3 ( suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 )
  • SIRT 1 sirtuin 1
  • I or reducing SOCS3 suppressor of cytokine signaling 3
  • the amount of mRNA expressed, and can be used to regulate blood glucose, and the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of: a compound of formula (I), a combination of formula (I),
  • X is H or C 1 -C3 fluorenyl
  • Y and Z The other is H, OH or Wherein when Y is, Z is ⁇
  • R1 to R13 are each independently H or OH, and wherein
  • R1 to R3 are not H at the same time; R8 and R9 are not 11.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing SIRT1 mRNA expression and I or reducing SOCS3 mRNA expression in one body, or for regulating blood glucose, which comprises administering an effective amount of an active ingredient to the individual.
  • the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula (I), and combinations of the foregoing.
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the body weight of SD rats after treatment with different drugs
  • Figure 2 shows the calorie intake curve of SD rats after different drug treatments
  • Figure 3 is a graph of SD: rat plasma glucose concentration after different drug treatments
  • Figure 4 shows the SD after different drug treatments: : a bar graph of the area under the curve of the mouse plasma glucose concentration
  • Figure 5 is a graph of SD: mouse plasma nitric oxide concentration after treatment with different drugs
  • Figure 6 is a graph of SD: mouse plasma TNF- ⁇ concentration after treatment with different drugs
  • Figure 7 is after treatment with different drugs
  • SD a graph of mouse plasma IL-6 concentration
  • Figure 8 shows SIRT1 mRNA in SD: mouse hypothalamic tissue after treatment with different drugs.
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing the SOCS3 m NA expression of the hypothalamus in the brain of SD rats after treatment with different drugs;
  • Figure 10 shows the results of the sugar consumption test of hepatocytes treated under different conditions
  • Figure 11 shows the results of the sugar consumption test of hepatocytes treated with different conditions (concentration dependent).
  • the “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” means When administered to an individual, it is effective to at least partially improve the number of compounds suspected of the individual's condition;
  • the so-called “individual” refers to a mammal, and the mammal can be a human or a non-human animal;
  • the so-called “treatment” includes preventing a specific disease or symptom, reducing Specific disease or symptom, and/or prevention or elimination of the disease;
  • the so-called “regulation of blood sugar” B refers to changing the blood glucose concentration in the normal direction;
  • the unit “mg / kg body weight” refers to the individual per kilogram body weight The amount of drug administered.
  • the present invention provides a use of an active ingredient for the preparation of a medicament, wherein the medicament is for increasing SIRT 1 mRNA expression and I or decreasing SOCS3 mRNA expression, or for regulating blood sugar, and the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of Group: a compound of formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula (I), and combinations of the foregoing, Where X is H or C1-C3 thiol; one of Y and Z is
  • R1 to R13 are each independently H or OH, and wherein R1 to R3 are not H at the same time; R8 and R9 are not at the same time.
  • X is a C1-C3 fluorenyl group (for example: methyl, ethyl, linear or branched propyl); neither Y nor Z is H; and/or R1 to R3 Both of them are OH, and more preferably, X is a methyl group.
  • Xa is H or C1-C3 fluorenyl; Rla to R13a are each independently H Or OH, and wherein Rla to R3a are not H at the same time; R8a and R9a are not H at the same time ( in the formula (A), preferably, Xa is a C1-C3 fluorenyl group (for example: methyl, ethyl, straight) a chain or a branched propyl), and both of Rla to R3a are OH; more preferably, Xa is a methyl group; particularly preferably Xa is a methyl group, Rla to R3a are both OH, and both R8a and R9a are Is OH.
  • the compound of formula (A) is the following compound (1) (ie, echinacoside):
  • the compound of the formula (I) is of the following formula (C)
  • Xc is H or C1-C3 fluorenyl
  • Yc is H, OH or
  • Rlc to R13c are each independently H or OH, and wherein Rlc to R3c are not H at the same time; R8c and R9c are not H at the same time.
  • Xc is a C1-C3 fluorenyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a linear chain or a branched propyl group), and both of Rlc to R3c are OH; more preferably, Xc is a methyl group; Particularly preferably, Xc is a methyl group, both of Rlc to R3c are OH, and R8c to R9c are both OH.
  • the compound of formula (C) is the following compound (2) (ie, isoacteoside):
  • an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of the following agents for increasing the amount of SIRT1 mRNA expression and/or decreasing the amount of SOCS3 mRNA expression, or for regulating blood glucose, is used: a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound (1), the compound (1), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound (2), the compound (2), and a combination thereof,
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the above-mentioned active ingredients suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts.
  • an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of the following group may be used to prepare an agent for increasing SIRT 1 mRNA expression and I or decreasing SOCS3 mRNA expression, or for regulating blood sugar: Compound (1), compound (2), and combinations of the foregoing.
  • the active ingredients may be provided by extraction from a plant such as Cistanche tubulosa and, therefore, may be used in the form of an extract.
  • Cistanche tubulosa extract containing Compound (1) and/or Compound (2) may be provided using a method comprising: (a) extracting Cistanche tubulosa using a polar solvent to obtain an extract; (b) Dry the extract as needed.
  • the polar solvent may be water and/or a C1-C4 alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, dibutyl Alcohol and combinations of the foregoing.
  • the polar solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, and combinations of the foregoing. More preferably, water, ethanol, or a combination thereof is used as the polar solvent.
  • the ratio of the polar solvent used for extraction to the Cistanche tubulosa can be adjusted as needed. Generally, the volume ratio of the polar solvent to Cistanche tubulosa can be from about 1:1 to about 50:1. Good is about 5: 1 to 20: 1.
  • Cistanche tubulosa can be used as a raw material for the preparation of Cistanche tubulosa extract.
  • stems, flowers, or whole plants of Cistanche tubulosa can be used as an extraction material.
  • the fleshy stem portion of Cistanche tubulosa is used as an extraction material.
  • the extraction is carried out for a period of time to achieve the desired degree of extraction.
  • the polar solvent it is usually at least 15 minutes, preferably at least 30 minutes, more preferably at least 60 minutes, and may be supplemented with other suitable extraction means, such as boiling, cooling, filtering, as needed. , concentration under reduced pressure, resin column chromatography, etc., to improve the extraction effect.
  • the cycle of extracting the step (a) and the extracting step (b) may be repeated to remove and remove the ineffective component as much as possible.
  • the Cistanche tubulosa is soaked and decocted with water, and the filtrate is collected by filtration, and the foregoing steps are repeated three times. Subsequently, after concentration under reduced pressure to a specific gravity of 1.10, ethanol was added to a concentration of 60%, and the mixture was refrigerated for 12 hours, and the supernatant was decanted, concentrated under reduced pressure, and ethanol was recovered to a specific gravity of 1.10 to obtain a crude extract.
  • Cistanche tubulosa Extracts The Cistanche tubulosa extract is provided to contain a relatively large amount of compound (1) and a relatively small amount of compound (2).
  • the use of a compound of formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a combination of the foregoing, may be used to increase the amount of SIRT1 mRNA expression and/or decrease the amount of SOCS3 mRNA expression, and in particular to modulate blood glucose (eg, , treatment of type 1 diabetes and type I or type 2 diabetes).
  • SIRT 1 can promote insulin secretion from pancreatic ⁇ cells, and can regulate related factors that cause insulin resistance, such as free radicals and inflammatory factors, thereby improving insulin resistance.
  • SOCS-3 expression can be used as leptin impedance. index. Therefore, without being bound by theory, the agent provided by the present invention can regulate blood glucose by increasing SIRT 1 mRNA expression and I or decreasing SOCS3 mRNA expression, and can be further used for treating other SIRT1 expressions.
  • neuropathy such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntinton's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS), cardiovascular disease (eg heart disease, hypotension, hypertension, hyperglycemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, thrombosis, arteriosclerosis, etc.), and obesity.
  • AD Alzheimer's disease
  • PD Parkinson's Disease
  • HD Huntinton's disease
  • ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • cardiovascular disease eg heart disease, hypotension, hypertension, hyperglycemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, thrombosis, arteriosclerosis, etc.
  • the agents provided herein can be administered in any convenient amount, depending on the needs of the individual being administered.
  • the amount of the agent when used in a human body to regulate blood sugar, is from about 0.5 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg of body weight per day, preferably about 1 mg/kg per day, based on the compound of formula (I). Weight to about 55 mg / kg body weight.
  • the amount can be increased as needed, for example, several times or tens of times.
  • the agent provided may be in any form and administered in any convenient manner.
  • the agent is provided in an oral dosage form, for example: a tablet, a capsule, a granule, a powder, a flow extract, Solutions, syrups, suspensions, emulsions, and expectorants.
  • the agent may further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation may contain any pharmaceutically acceptable carrier which does not adversely affect the activity of the active ingredient (i.e., the compound of formula (I) and/or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt).
  • any pharmaceutically acceptable carrier which does not adversely affect the activity of the active ingredient (i.e., the compound of formula (I) and/or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt).
  • solvents oil solvents, thinners, stabilizers, absorption delaying agents, disintegrating agents, emulsifiers, antioxidants, binders, lubricants, hygroscopic agents, etc.
  • the composition can be formulated into a dosage form suitable for oral administration by any convenient method.
  • the agent may, for example, comprise one or more isotonic solutions, a salt buffer (such as a phosphate buffer or a citrate buffer), a cosolvent (solubilizer emulsifier, And other carriers and the like to prepare an intravenous infusion solution, an emulsion intravenous infusion solution, a dry powder injection, a suspension injection, or a dry powder suspension injection.
  • a salt buffer such as a phosphate buffer or a citrate buffer
  • cosolvent solubilizer emulsifier, And other carriers and the like
  • the agent may further contain an additive such as a flavoring agent, a toner, a coloring agent, etc., in order to improve the mouthfeel and visual feeling when the obtained medicament is taken; and a suitable amount of preservative and preservative may be added. , antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, etc., to improve the storage of the drug.
  • the medicament provided by the present invention may contain one or more other active ingredients, such as an antioxidant (such as vitamin E), an insulin sensitizer. Etc., to further enhance the efficacy of the agent of the present invention or to increase the flexibility and degree of formulation of the formulation, as long as the other active ingredient comprises the compound of formula (I) contained in the agent and
  • agents provided by the present invention may be administered at different dosing times, such as once a day, multiple times a day, or several times a day, depending on the needs of the individual to be administered.
  • the invention also provides a method of modulating blood glucose in a body comprising administering to the individual an effective amount of an active ingredient, wherein the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of: a compound of formula (I), which is pharmaceutically acceptable Salt, and combinations of the foregoing.
  • the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of: a compound of formula (I), which is pharmaceutically acceptable Salt, and combinations of the foregoing.
  • the selection of the active ingredient and its properties, application form and dosage are as described above.
  • the crude extract is dissolved by heating with 1 volume of water, injected into a macroporous adsorption resin column, sequentially eluted with 4 volumes of water and 5 volumes of 40% ethanol, and then the water eluate is injected into the large volume.
  • a macroporous adsorption resin column sequentially eluted with 4 volumes of water and 5 volumes of 40% ethanol, and then the water eluate is injected into the large volume.
  • the pore adsorption resin column first elute with 3 volumes of water, discard the water eluate, and then elute with 4 volumes of 40% ethanol, collect 40% ethanol eluate, concentrate and dry, 1107 g of Cistanche tubulosa extract can be obtained.
  • mice One week after training 4 weeks old male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats, the rats were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups, 10 in each group, 5 of which were experimental groups, and 230 mg/kg body weight of cigarette was intraperitoneally injected.
  • the nicotinamide was injected intraperitoneally with 65 mg/kg of streptozocin to induce diabetes in the rats (DM group); the control group was administered the same volume of citrate buffer (pH 4. 5).
  • Rats were given an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after 6 weeks of administration as described above, and 2 g/kg body weight of glucose was administered to the rats, and after 0, 30, 90 and 120 minutes, respectively.
  • the plasma glucose concentration was measured to analyze the tolerance of CTE to glucose for glucose in rats after ingestion of glucose.
  • the experimental data is shown in Figure 3. Further, the area under the curve (Area) is calculated for the data shown in Fig. 3. The result is shown in Fig. 4.
  • plasma glucose was administered at 0, 30, 90 and 120 minutes in rats fed CTE for 6 weeks (DME1, DME2, and DME4 groups) and DMR rats as compared with the DM group.
  • the concentrations are all low.
  • the results of this experiment show that CTE can effectively increase the blood glucose uptake rate and lower blood sugar in rats.
  • the rats were sacrificed, blood was drawn from the celiac artery, and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4 ° C. The supernatant was collected, which was plasma, and the rat tissues were taken out and weighed. Store at -80 °C for the following biochemical data analysis.
  • Leptin is a protein hormone secreted by fat cells. It is known that in the case of an imbalance in the concentration of leptin in a living body, it causes obesity and causes insulin imbalance.
  • 100 ⁇ l of plasma was taken and analyzed by a leptinase immunoassay kit (Assay Designs, Ins., Ann Arbor, USA), and the absorbance was measured by an ELISA analyzer at a wavelength of 450 nm, and converted to a standard curve. concentration.
  • the experimental results are shown in Table 3.
  • the homeostasis model assessment equation (HOMA-I) was calculated by the following formula.
  • the experimental results are shown in Table 3:
  • HOMA-IR fasting plasma insulin concentration (mmol/ml) X fasting plasma glucose concentration (mole/liter) ⁇ 22.5.
  • mice in the DM group had higher plasma insulin, plasma leptin content, and HOMA-IR than the control group.
  • plasma, insulin, leptin, and HOMA-IR in rats after 6 weeks of CTE feeding had significant recovery (decreased).
  • the effect was the same in the DME4 group as the control group.
  • the results of this experiment show that CTE can increase insulin sensitivity, reduce leptin and insulin resistance in rats.
  • urea test kit (UR221, Randox, UK), creatinine test kit (CR510, Randox, UK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test kits (AS 1267, Randox, UK), and alanine transferase (ALT) test kits (AL 1268, Randox, UK) for determination of urea, creatinine, and C in plasma of rats
  • AST aspartate aminotransferase
  • ALT alanine transferase test kits
  • Plasma malondialdehyde concentration (Namol concentration / ml)
  • the plasma in the DM group was compared to the control group.
  • the concentrations of TNF-a ( Figure 6) and IL-6 ( Figure 7) were elevated, indicating that the inflammation was more severe.
  • the concentrations of NO, TNF-a, and IL-6 in the plasma of rats after 6 weeks of CTE feeding decreased, indicating that CTE has the effect of reducing the inflammatory response caused by diabetes.
  • This experiment measures the liver, kidney, heart, and abdominal fat weights of the rats in each experimental group after 6 weeks of administration as described above. The results are shown in Table 7. There was no significant difference in the weight of liver, kidney, heart, and abdominal fat between the experimental groups.
  • SIRT1 can improve the insulin resistance
  • S0CS-3 suppressor of cytokine signaling 3
  • S0CS-3 suppressor of cytokine signaling 3
  • This study will further investigate the effects of CTE on SIRT1 mRNA and SOCS-3 in rats.
  • the effect of the amount of mRNA expression He 1J extracted the total RNA from the hypothalamus of rat brain with RNeasy Lipid Tissue Mini Kit (QIAGEN).
  • RNA 1 ⁇ g of total RNA, 1 ⁇ l of 0.5 ⁇ g/ ⁇ l of oligonucleotide (dT), and DEPC-H 2 0 to 12 ⁇ l, apply at 65 ° C for 5 minutes, then place on ice 5 Minutes, add 4 ⁇ l of 5X First Standard Strand Buffer, 1 ⁇ l of 10 mM DNTP, and 1 ⁇ l of HiScript I reverse transcriptase, and react at 30 ° C for 10 minutes. The reaction was carried out at 48 ° C for 60 minutes and at 70 ° C for 15 minutes.
  • dT oligonucleotide
  • SIRT 1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in diabetic rats (DM group) compared with control group, and SIRT 1 mRNA expression in DTE1, DME2, and DME4 fed CTE compared with DM group.
  • the increase in amount indicates that CTE can increase the amount of SIRT 1 mRNA expression in the rat, thereby improving the insulin resistance.
  • the amount of SOCS-3 mRNA in diabetic rats (DM group) increased significantly, indicating that the leptin impedance was more severe, compared with the DM group, fed by CTE.
  • the expression levels of SOCS-3 mRNA in DME1, DME2, and DME4 were low, indicating that CTE can reduce the expression of SOCS-3 mRNA in rats and improve the leptin resistance caused by diabetes.
  • Example 3 Analysis of the composition of the extract of Cistanche tubulosa
  • the components of the Cistanche tubulosa extract were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
  • HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
  • the experimental conditions were as follows: The column was Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column, 2.1 x 150 mm, 5 ⁇ m; the mobile phase was solvent.
  • A acetonitrile (ACN) containing 0.1% formic acid
  • solvent B MQ-H 2 0 containing 0.1% formic acid
  • flow rate of 0.3 ml/min
  • detection wavelength of 333 nm Extract 5 ⁇ l of each of Echinacein (ChromaDex, USA), C. sinensis (ChromaDex, USA), and C.
  • Cistanche tubulosa extract contained about 26.2% by weight of echinacoside, 2.6% by weight of flavonoids, and about 4.4% by weight of isoforms.
  • Example 4 Activity test of echinacoside and heterophylloside Glycosides, flavonoids, and isoforms. This experiment further confirmed the efficacy of echinacoside, flavonoids, and isophylloside in regulating blood sugar.
  • hepatocytes were subjected to a sugar consumption test, and hepatocytes were treated with 1000 ⁇ g/ml of glucose (Human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line HepG2, purchased from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center, BCRC); BCRC number: 60025), respectively, 100 nanomolar insulin, 50 microgram/ml Cistanche extract (CTE), and the amount of active ingredient in the extract, corresponding to the amount of activity

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Abstract

一种使用一活性成分于制备药剂的用途,其中该药剂是用于增加SIRT1 mRNA表现量及/或降低SOCS3 mRNA表现量,尤其可用于调节血糖,且该活性成分是选自以下群组:式(I)化合物、式(I)化合物的医药可接受盐、及前述的组合,式(I)中,X为H或C1-C3烷基;Y及Z的一者为式(I')另一者为H、OH或式(I"),其中当Y为式(I')时,Z为式(I");以及R1至R13是各自独立为H或OH,且其中,R1至R3不同时为H;R8及R9不同时为H。

Description

说 明 书 调节血糖的药剂 技术领域
本发明是关于增加 SIRT 1 mRNA表现量及 I 或降低 SOCS3 mRNA表现量的药剂, 尤其关于调节血糖以及该调节血糖用的药剂 的提供,特别是使用可以由例如管花肉苁蓉萃取物取得的活性成分 于制造供前述应用的药剂的用途。 背景技术 糖尿病 (diabetes mellitus ) 是一种慢性新陈代谢失调疾病, 主 要病因是胰岛素分泌不足或生物体的组织无法有效利用葡萄糖, 而 造成血液中葡萄糖含量过高。 已知胰岛素是由胰脏内的 β细胞所分 泌, 其具有调节血糖的功效, 可剌激脂肪及肌肉细胞进行葡萄糖运 输 (glucose transport )。 当生物体由于肥胖、 老化等因素而造成体 内胰岛素分泌量不足或对胰岛素敏感性不佳时, 血糖浓度会升高, 造成糖尿病。 糖尿病患者可能会出现例如口渴、 多尿、 视力模糊、 体重减轻等症状, 且长期高血糖可能导致各种器官的功能障碍及衰 竭。
根据致病原因, 糖尿病主要可分为第一型糖尿病 ( Type 1 diabetes ) 及第二型糖尿病 (Type 2 diabetes ) 0 第一型糖尿病又称 胰岛素依赖型糖尿病 ( insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ), 其可能 病因是因感染或环境毒素引发患者自身免疫系统攻击胰脏 β细胞, 使患者的胰脏 β细胞受到损坏, 造成绝对性的胰岛素不足, 致使患 者血糖上升。 第一型糖尿病占所有糖尿病患的约 5%至 10%。 大部分 患者会在 30岁前被诊断出来, 故又被称为少年型糖尿病 (juvenile diabetes mellitus )。
第二型糖尿病又称非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病 ( non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ) , 一般发病年龄在 40岁以后, 故又称为 成年型糖尿病 (adult-onset diabetes )。 第二型糖尿病占所有糖尿病 人口约 90%至 95%, 其病因是病患体内细胞对胰岛素发生阻抗 ( insulin resistance ) , 因而逐渐造成胰脏 β细胞的胰岛素分泌量变 少, 接着出现糖尿病代谢异常, 这类患者经常会合并高脂血症、 肥 胖等病征。 第二型糖尿病的危险因子包括, 基因异常、 糖尿病家族 史、 老年人、 肥胖 (特别是腹部肥胖)、 身体活动量少、 曾患有妊 娠糖尿病、 及葡萄糖恒定异常 ( impaired glucose homeostasis ) 等。
近年来,随着人类生活型态改变,糖尿病的盛行率也逐年增加。 根据 2008年世界卫生组织的预测, 预计在 2030年, 全球糖尿病人口 将超过 3亿人。 目前临床上对于糖尿病的治疗方式主要包括运动、 饮食控制、 及药物治疗等方式, 其中药物治疗包括胰岛素注射、 口 服降血糖药物, 例如磺酰尿素类药物 (sufonylureas )、 双胍类药物
( biguanides )、 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制齐 (J ( alpha-glucosidase inhibitors 胰岛素增敏齐1 J ( insulin sensitizer ) 等。
本发明人研究发现, 下式 (I ) 化合物可增加 SIRT 1 mRNA表现 量及 /或降低 SOCS3 mRNA表现量, 且具有优异的降血糖功效, 故 可用于调节血糖, 且尤其可用于治疗第一型糖尿病及 /或第二型糖 尿病: 其中, X 另一者为
Figure imgf000005_0001
H、 OH或 时, Z为
Figure imgf000005_0002
以及 Rl至 R13是各自独立为 H或 0H, 且其中, R1至 R3不同时为 H; R8及 R9不同时为 11。 较佳地, 该 式 (I) 化合物为以下化合物 (1) 或 (2) 的至少一者, 可取自植 物萃取物中, 如管花肉苁蓉萃取物,
Figure imgf000005_0003
( 1)
Figure imgf000005_0004
管花肉苁蓉来源于肉苁蓉属植物, 其活性成分主要为苯乙醇苷 类化合物 (phenylethanoid glycosides ) , 包含松果菊苷、 类叶升麻 苷及异类叶升麻苷。 其中, 由上海中医药大学研究团队利用肝细胞 体外葡萄萄消耗试验及不同药物诱导的第一型糖尿病或第二型糖 尿病小鼠模型进行体内降糖药效试验, 结果发现来源于车前子的类 叶升麻苷具有促进葡萄消耗作用并可藉由提高血清胰岛素含量能 降低空腹血糖量 (参见中国专利申请案公开号第 CN 102283854 A 号, 该文献全文并于此处以供参考)。 故本研究是利用糖尿病动物 模型以及肝细胞葡萄糖消耗试验, 以确认管花肉苁蓉萃取物的主要 作用成分。
发明内容 本发明的一个目的,在于提供一种使用一活性成分于制备药剂 的用途, 其中该药剂是用于增加 SIRT 1 ( sirtuin 1 ) mRNA表现量及 I或降低 SOCS3 ( suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 ) mRNA表现量, 且可用于调节血糖, 且该活性成分是选自以下群组: 式 (I ) 化合 物、 式 (I ) 组合,
Figure imgf000006_0001
其中, X为 H或 C 1 -C3垸基; Y及 Z的
Figure imgf000006_0002
另一者为 H、 OH或
Figure imgf000007_0001
其中当 Y为 时, Z为 ^ ; 以及 Rl至 R13是各自独立为 H或 OH, 且其中,
R1至 R3不同时为 H ; R8及 R9不同时为11。
本发明的又一目的, 在于提供一种于一个体中增加 SIRT1 mRNA表现量及 I或降低 S0CS3 mRNA表现量, 或者用于调节血糖 的方法, 其是包含对该个体施用一有效量的活性成分, 其中该活性 成分是选自以下群组: 式 (I ) 化合物、 式 (I ) 化合物的医药可接 受盐、 及前述的组合。
本发明的技术及较佳实施态样, 将描述于以下内容中, 以供本 发明所属领域具通常知识者据以明了本发明的特征。
附图说明
图 1所示为经不同药物处理后, SD大鼠的体重曲线图;
图 2所示为经不同药物处理后, SD大鼠的摄食热量曲线图; 图 3为经不同药物处理后, SD: 鼠血浆葡萄糖浓度的曲线图; 图 4为经不同药物处理后, SD::鼠血浆葡萄糖浓度的曲线下面积的 长条图;
图 5为经不同药物处理后, SD: 鼠血浆一氧化氮浓度的曲线图; 图 6为经不同药物处理后, SD: 鼠血浆 TNF-α浓度的曲线图; 图 7为经不同药物处理后, SD: 鼠血浆 IL-6浓度的曲线图;
图 8为经不同药物处理后, SD: 鼠大脑下视丘组织的 SIRT1 mRNA 图 9为经不同药物处理后, SD大鼠大脑下视丘组织的 SOCS3 m NA 表现量的曲线图;
图 10所示为经不同条件处理的肝细胞的醣类消耗试验结果; 以及 图 11所示为经不同条件处理 (浓度依存) 的肝细胞的醣类消耗试验 结果。
具体实施方式 以下将描述根据本发明的部分具体实施态样; 但是, 在不背离 本发明精神下, 本发明尚可以多种不同形式的态样来实践, 不应将 本发明保护范围解释为限于说明书所陈述者。 此外, 除非文中有另 外说明, 于本申请文件中所使用的 「一」、 「该」 及类似用语应理解 为包含单数及复数形式; 所谓 「有效量」 或 「治疗有效量」, 是指 投予至个体时, 可有效至少部分改善怀疑个体的病情的化合物数 量; 所谓 「个体」 是指哺乳动物, 哺乳动物可为人类或非人动物; 所谓「治疗」是包括预防特定疾病或症状、减轻特定的疾病或症状、 及 /或防止或消除该病症; 所谓 「调节血糖」 乙语是指朝正常值的 方向改变血中葡萄糖浓度; 单位 「毫克 /千克体重」 是指每千克体 重个体所须的投药量。
本发明提供一种使用活性成分于制备药剂的用途, 其中该药剂 是用于增加 SIRT 1 mRNA表现量及 I或降低 SOCS3 mRNA表现量, 或者用于调节血糖, 且该活性成分是选自以下群组: 式 (I ) 化合 物、 式 (I ) 化合物的医药可接受盐、 及前述的组合, 其中, X为
Figure imgf000009_0001
H或 C1-C3垸基; Y及 Z的一者为
Figure imgf000009_0002
时, Z为 ; 以及 Rl至 R13是各自独立为 H或 OH, 且其中, R1至 R3不同时为 H; R8及 R9不同时为 11。
于式 (I) 中, 较佳地, X为 C1-C3垸基 (例如: 甲基、 乙基、 直链或支链丙基); Y及 Z皆不为 H; 及 /或 R1至 R3中的二者为 OH, 更佳地, X为甲基。
于 是具下式 (A)
Figure imgf000009_0003
其中, Xa为 H或 C1-C3垸基; Rla至 R13a是各自独立为 H 或 OH, 且其中, Rla至 R3a不同时为 H; R8a及 R9a不同时为 H( 于式 (A) 中, 较佳地, Xa为 C1-C3垸基 (例如: 甲基、 乙基、 直链或支链丙基), 且 Rla至 R3a的二者为 OH; 更佳地, Xa为甲基; 特别较佳为 Xa为甲基, Rla至 R3a的二者为 OH, 且 R8a及 R9a皆为 OH。 于一具体实施态样中, 该式 (A) 化合物是如下化合物 (1) (即, 松果菊苷 (echinacoside)):
Figure imgf000010_0001
于本发明另一较佳实施态样中,该式(I)化合物是具下式(C)
其中
Figure imgf000010_0002
, Xc为 H或 C1-C3垸基; Yc为 H、 OH或
以及 Rlc至 R13c是各自独立为 H或 OH, 且其中, Rlc至 R3c不 同时为 H; R8c及 R9c不同时为 H。 于式 (C) 中, 较佳地, Xc为 C1-C3垸基 (例如: 甲基、 乙基、 直链或支链丙基), 且 Rlc至 R3c的二者为 OH; 更佳地, Xc为甲基; 特别较佳为, Xc为甲基, Rlc至 R3c的二者为 OH, 且 R8c至 R9c皆为 OH。 于一具体实施态样中, 该式 (C) 化合物是如下化合物 (2) (即, 异类叶升麻苷 (isoacteoside)):
Figure imgf000011_0001
(2)。 因此, 于本发明的部分具体实施态样中, 是使用选自以下群组 的活性成分以制备该用以增加 SIRT1 mRNA表现量及 / 或降低 SOCS3 mRNA表现量, 或者用以调节血糖的药剂: 化合物 (1)、 化 合物 (1) 的医药可接受盐、 化合物 (2)、 化合物 (2) 的医药可接 受盐、 及前述的组合,
Figure imgf000011_0002
Figure imgf000012_0001
适用于本发明的上述活性成分的医药可接受盐的例子包括,但 不限于, 碱金属盐, 如钠盐、 钾盐。
于本发明中, 可使用选自以下群组的活性成分, 以制备该用以 增加 SIRT 1 mRNA表现量及 I或降低 SOCS3 mRNA表现量, 或者用 于调节血糖的药剂: 化合物 (1 )、 化合物 (2 )、 及前述的组合。 于 此等态样中, 该等活性成分可由例如管花肉苁蓉的植物萃取而提 供, 因此, 可以萃取物的形式使用。
可使用包含如下歩骤的方法, 以提供含有化合物 (1 ) 及 /或 化合物 (2 ) 的管花肉苁蓉萃取物: (a ) 使用一极性溶剂以萃取管 花肉苁蓉, 获得一萃取液; 以及 (b ) 视需要干燥该萃取液。 其中, 该极性溶剂可为水及 /或 C1 -C4醇类, 例如甲醇、 乙醇、 乙二醇、 丙醇、 异丙醇、 丙二醇、 正丁醇、 异丁醇、 叔丁醇、 丁二醇及前述 的组合。
较佳地, 该极性溶剂是选自以下群组: 水、 甲醇、 乙醇、 及前 述的组合。 更佳地, 是使用水、 乙醇、 或其组合作为该极性溶剂。 可视需要调整用于萃取的极性溶剂与管花肉苁蓉的用量比率, 一般 而言, 极性溶剂与管花肉苁蓉的体积比可为约 1 : 1至约 50 : 1, 较 佳是约 5 : 1至 20 : 1。
可使用管花肉苁蓉的任何部位作为制备管花肉苁蓉萃取物的 原料。 举例言之, 可使用管花肉苁蓉的茎部、 花、 或全株植物作为 萃取原料。 根据本发明的一实施态样, 是使用管花肉苁蓉的肉质茎 部分作为萃取原料。
于上述歩骤 (a ) 中, 是进行该萃取一段时间以达到所欲的萃 取程度。 以采用水作为该极性溶剂为例, 通常为至少 15分钟, 较佳 为至少 30分钟, 更佳为至少 60分钟, 且可视需要辅以其它合适的萃 取手段, 例如煎煮、 冷却、 过滤、 减压浓缩、 树脂管柱层析等方式, 以提高萃取效果。 另外, 可视需要于歩骤 (b ) 之前, 以相同或不 同极性溶剂重复进行多次萃取歩骤 (a ), 并合并该多次萃取所得的 萃取液以进行歩骤 (b ), 从而尽可能萃得全部有效成分。 此外, 可 重复萃取歩骤(a)与萃取歩骤 (b)的循环, 以尽可能纯化分离移除无 效成分。
于根据本发明的一实施态样中, 是将管花肉苁蓉以水进行浸泡 及煎煮, 过滤收集滤液, 重复前述歩骤三次。 接着, 进行减压浓缩 至比重 1 .10后, 添加乙醇至浓度为 60%, 冷藏 12小时, 倾出上淸液, 减压浓缩并回收乙醇至比重 1 .10, 以获得一粗萃取物。 接着, 以 1 倍重量的水加热溶解粗萃取物, 以大孔吸附树脂柱进行纯化, 依序 以水及 40%乙醇进行洗脱, 收集乙醇洗脱液, 浓缩干燥后即可获得 管花肉苁蓉萃取物。所提供的管花肉苁蓉萃取物是包含相对大量的 化合物 (1 ) 以及相对少量的化合物 (2 )。 本发明使用式 (I ) 化合物、 其医药可接受盐、 或前述的组合 所制备的药剂, 是可用于增加 SIRT l mRNA表现量及 / 或降低 SOCS3 mRNA表现量, 且尤其可用于调节血糖 (例如, 治疗第一型 糖尿病及 I或第二型糖尿病)。 已知 SIRT 1可促进胰脏 β细胞分泌胰 岛素, 且能调控造成胰岛素阻抗的相关因子, 如自由基及发炎因子 等, 进而改善胰岛素阻抗的情形; 此外, SOCS-3表现量可作为瘦 素阻抗指标。 因此, 于不受理论限制下, 咸信本发明所提供的药剂 可透过增加 SIRT l mRNA表现量及 I或降低 SOCS3 mRNA表现量而 调节血糖, 且可进一歩用于治疗其他与 SIRT1表现量相关的疾病, 例如神经病变 (例如阿尔兹海默氏症 (Alzheimer's disease , AD )、 巴金森氏症 ( Parkinson's Disease , PD )、 亨廷顿氏症 ( Huntinton's disease, HD )、 肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , ALS ) 等)、 心血管疾病 (例如心脏病、 低血压、 高血压、 高血糖症、 中风、 心肌梗塞、 血栓、 动脉硬化等)、 以及肥胖。
可以任何合宜的用量施用本发明所提供的药剂,端视投予个体 的需求而异。举例言之, 当使用于人体以调节血糖时, 药剂的用量, 以式 (I ) 化合物计, 为每天约 0.5毫克 /千克体重至约 100毫克 /千克 体重, 较佳为每天约 1毫克 /千克体重至约 55毫克 /千克体重。 惟, 对 于急性患者而言, 其用量可视实际需要而酌增, 例如增加至数倍或 数十倍。
于本发明中, 所提供的药剂可呈任何形式, 并以任何合宜的方 式施用。 举例言之, 但不以此为限, 可经由口服、 鼻腔给药、 静脉 注射、 腹腔注射、 及 /或皮下注射等方式施用至一需要的个体。 其 中, 由于口服投药剂型便于病人按时自行服用, 故于本发明的一较 佳实施态样中, 是以口服剂型提供该药剂, 例如: 锭剂、 胶囊剂、 颗粒剂、 散剂、 流浸膏剂、 溶液剂、 糖浆剂、 悬液剂、 乳剂、 及酊 剂等。 视使用形式及用途而定, 该药剂可更包含一医药可接受的载 剂。
以制备适于口服投药的剂型为例, 该药剂中可含有任何不会不 利影响所含活性成分 (即, 式 (I ) 化合物及 /或其医药可接受盐) 的活性的医药可接受载剂, 例如: 溶剂、 油性溶剂、 稀释剂、 安定 剂、 吸收延迟剂、 崩散剂、 乳化剂、 抗氧化剂、 粘合剂、 润滑剂、 吸湿剂等。 可利用任何合宜的方法, 将该组合物制成适于口服投药 的剂型。
至于制备适于静脉注射或皮下注射的剂型, 该药剂可例如包含 一或多种等张溶液、 盐类缓冲液 (如磷酸盐缓冲液或柠檬酸盐缓冲 液)、 助溶剂 (solubilizer 乳化剂、 以及其他载剂等成分, 以制 成一静脉输注液、 乳剂静脉输注液、 干粉注射剂、 悬液注射剂、 或 干粉悬液注射剂等。
除了上述佐剂外, 该药剂可视需要另含有调味剂、 调色剂、 着 色剂等添加剂, 以提高所得药剂服用时的口适感及视觉感受; 另可 添加合宜用量的保存剂、 防腐剂、 抗菌剂、 抗真菌剂等, 以改善药 剂的储存性。 此外, 视需要地, 可于本发明所提供的药剂中并含一 或多种其他活性成分, 例如抗氧化剂 (如维他命 E )、 胰岛素增敏剂 等, 以进一歩加强本发明药剂的功效或增加制剂配方的运用灵活性 与调配度, 只要该其他活性成分对药剂内所含的式 (I ) 化合物及
/或其医药可接受盐的所欲功效没有不利的影响即可。
此外, 可以一日一次、 一日多次、 或数日一次等不同投药频率 施用本发明所提供的药剂, 端视投予个体的需求而异。
本发明亦提供一种于一个体中调节血糖的方法,其是包含对该 个体施用一有效量的活性成分, 其中该活性成分是选自以下群组: 式 (I ) 化合物、 其医药可接受的盐、 及前述的组合。 其中, 有关 该活性成分的选用以及其性质、施用型态与剂量,均如上述的说明。
兹以下列实施例进一歩例示说明本发明。其中该等实施例仅提 供作为说明, 而非用以限制本发明的保护范围。 本发明保护范围是 如后附申请专利范围所示。
实施例 1 : 管花肉苁蓉萃取物的制备
取管花肉苁蓉的肉质茎部分 10千克, 切片后浸泡于 8倍体积的 水中 1小时后, 煎煮 2小时, 过滤收集滤液。 力口 6倍体积的水煎煮药 渣二次, 每次 1小时, 并过滤。 合并三次滤液, 于 50°C减压浓缩至 比重 1.10, 添加乙醇至浓度 60%, 冷藏 12小时, 倾出上淸液, 于 50°C 减压浓缩并回收乙醇至比重 1 .10, 获得粗萃取物 6千克。 接着, 以 1 倍体积的水加热溶解粗萃取物, 注入大孔吸附树脂柱内, 依序以 4 倍体积的水及 5倍体积的 40%乙醇进行洗脱, 再将水洗脱液注入大 孔吸附树脂柱中, 先用 3倍体积的水洗脱, 弃去水洗脱液, 再以 4 倍体积的 40%乙醇洗脱, 收集两次 40%乙醇洗脱液, 浓缩干燥后, 即可获得管花肉苁蓉萃取物 1107克。
实施例 2: 管花肉苁蓉萃取物的活性试验
(1) 实验动物饲养
训养 4周龄雄性 SD (Sprague-Dawley) 大鼠 1周后, 将大鼠随机 分成 6个实验组, 每组 10只, 其中 5组为实验组, 进行腹腔注射 230 毫克 /千克体重的烟碱酰胺(nicotinamide), 再进行腹腔注射 65毫克 /千克体重链脲佐菌素(streptozocin), 以诱导大鼠罹患糖尿病(DM 组); 而控制组则施打同体积柠檬酸缓冲液 (pH4.5)。 一周后, 测 定经诱导成糖尿病的实验组别的大鼠的禁食血糖, 确认禁食血 糖>126毫克 /公升后, 再投予糖尿病大鼠 45%高脂肪饮食 (high fat diet, HFD) 6周, 接着以如下表 1所示的剂量, 口服投予 0.571毫克 /千克体重罗格列酮 (rosiglitazone, 为一糖尿病药物, 属于胰岛素 增敏剂 (insulin sensitizer)) ( DMR组) 或 80毫克 /千克体重的管花 肉苁蓉萃取物(CTE) (DME1组)、 160毫克 /千克体重的 CTE(DME2 组)、 或 320毫克 /千克体重的 CTE (DME4组), 而控制组与 DM组则 投予二次水, 每日一次, 投药 6周, 每周测量大鼠体重并计算摄食 热量, 测定结果显示于图 1 (体重) 及图 2 (摄食热量), 结果显示, 各实验组之间的体重及摄食热量并无显著差异。
表 1
Figure imgf000017_0001
(2) 葡萄糖耐受性试验
大鼠经如上述投药 6周后, 进行口服葡萄糖耐受试验 (oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT),对大鼠投予 2克 /千克体重的葡萄糖, 并在 0、 30、 90及 120分钟后分别测定血浆葡萄糖浓度, 以分析 CTE 对于对于大鼠在摄取葡萄糖后, 对于葡萄糖的耐受性情况。 实验数 据显示于图 3。 进一歩针对图 3所示数据计算各取线的曲线下面积 (Area Under Curve, AUC), 结果显示于图 4。
如图 3及图 4所示,相较于 DM组,经 CTE喂食 6周的大鼠( DME1、 DME2、 及 DME4组) 以及 DMR的大鼠, 在 0、 30、 90及 120分钟的 血浆葡萄糖浓度皆较低。 此实验结果显示 CTE可有效增加大鼠对于 血糖的摄取率, 调降血糖。
(3) 血浆样品分析
在上述葡萄糖耐受性试验结束后,牺牲大鼠, 由腹腔动脉抽血, 于 3000 rpm在 4°C下离心 15分钟, 收集上层液, 即为血浆, 并同时 取出大鼠组织, 称重后保存于 -80°C, 以进行以下生化数据分析。
(3-1) 葡萄糖含量测定
取 20微升血浆, 利用葡萄糖酵素套组 (glucose enzymatic kit, 极东 GL-V, 极东制药, 日本) 分析血浆中禁食葡萄糖含量。 以如 下公式计算血浆禁食葡萄糖含量:
血浆禁食葡萄糖含量 (毫克 /分升)
= (Es—空白值) I (Estd—空白值) X 200 其中, Es: 血液样品的吸光值; 空白值: 未加样品的套组溶剂 的吸光值; Estd: 标准试剂的吸光值; 200: 标准试剂浓度为 200毫 克 /分升。 实验结果显示于表 2。
(3-2) 总三酸甘油酯 (total triglyceride) 浓度测定
取 10微升血浆, 利用三酸甘油酯酵素套组 ( triglyceride enzymatic kit, Audit Diagnostics, Cork, 爱尔兰) 分析血衆中总三 酸甘油酯含量。 以如下公式计算血浆总三酸甘油酯含量:
血浆中总三酸甘油酯含量 (毫克 /分升)
= (Es—空白值) I (Estd—空白值) X 200 其中, Es: 血液样品的吸光值; 空白值: 未加样品的套组溶剂 的吸光值; Estd: 标准试剂的吸光值; 200: 标准试剂浓度为 200毫 克 /分升。 实验结果显示于表 2。
(3-3) 总胆固醇 (total cholesterol) 浓度测定
取 10微升血浆, 利用胆固醇酵素套组 (cholesterol enzymatic kit, Audit Diagnostics, Cork, 爱尔兰) 分析血浆中总胆固醇含量。 以如下公式计算血浆总胆固醇含量:
血浆中总胆固醇含量 (毫克 /分升)
= (Es—空白值) I (Estd—空白值) X 200 其中, Es: 血液样品的吸光值; 空白值: 未加样品的套组溶剂 的吸光值; Estd: 标准试剂的吸光值; 200: 标准试剂浓度为 200毫 克 /分升。 实验结果显示于表 2。 表 2
Figure imgf000020_0001
*0ne way ANOVA以 P <0.05为显著值, 经过事后比较
Dunnett's test检定, 「a」、 「b」、 「ab」 不同英文字母代表各组间统 计量达显著差异。 如表 2所示, 相较于 DM组, 经 CTE喂食 6周后的大鼠 (DME1、 DME2、 DME4组) 的禁食血糖皆有显著下降, 且 DMR组及 DME4 组的三酸甘油酯皆有显著下降的现象。 已知糖尿病患者会因胰岛素 浓度不足或胰岛素敏感性不佳而使周边脂肪组织内的激素敏感脂 酶(hormone sensitive lipase ) 调控异常, 导致脂肪细胞内的三酸甘 油酯大量分解, 使血液中游离脂肪酸浓度升高, 导致周边组织对胰 岛素敏感性降低; 另一方面, 胰岛素阻抗亦会导致脂肪组织对三酸 甘油酯的利用减少, 造成三酸甘油酯堆积在血液中。 本实验结果显 示, CTE具有调降糖尿病大鼠的禁食血糖以及三酸甘油酯含量的功 效。
( 3-4) 胰岛素含量测定 取 25微升血浆, 利用胰岛素 ELISA套组 (Mercodia AB Inc. , Sylveniusgatan 8A, 瑞典) 分析, 并以 ELISA分析仪于波长 450纳米 测吸光值, 并对照标准曲线换算其浓度。 实验结果显示于表 3。 (3-5) 瘦素含量测定
瘦素 (leptm) 是由脂肪细胞分泌的蛋白质类激素, 已知在生 物体内瘦素浓度失衡的情况下,会引发肥胖、以及造成胰岛素失衡。 本实验取 100微升血浆, 利用瘦素酶免疫分析套组 (Assay Designs, Ins., Ann Arbor, 美国 USA) 分析, 并以 ELISA分析仪于波长 450 纳米测吸光值, 并对照标准曲线换算其浓度。 实验结果显示于表 3。
(3-6) 胰岛素阻抗指标值计算
以如下公式计算胰 岛素阻抗指标 ( homeostasis model assessment equation, HOMA-I ), 实验结果显示于表 3:
HOMA-IR = 禁食血浆胰岛素浓度 (毫单位 /毫升) X禁食血浆 葡萄糖浓度 (毫莫耳 /公升) ÷22.5。
表 3
Figure imgf000021_0001
*One way ANOVA以 P <0.05为显著值, 经过事后比较
Dunnett's test检定, 「a」 、 「b」 不同英文字母代表各组间统计量 达显著差异。
如表 3所示, 相较于控制组, DM组的大鼠具有较高的血浆胰岛 素、 血浆瘦素含量、 及 HOMA-IR。 相较于 DM组, 经 CTE喂食 6周后 的大鼠血浆内胰岛素、 瘦素、 及 HOMA-IR皆有显著回复 (下降) 的效果, 且在 DME4组浓度与控制组相当。 此实验结果显示 CTE 可提高大鼠对于胰岛素的敏感性、 减少瘦素及胰岛素阻抗。
(3-7) 尿素、 肌酸酐、 丙氨酸基转移酶、 及天冬氨酸氨基转 移酶含量测定
已知糖尿病会导致许多并发症, 本实验以尿素 (urea) 检测套 组(UR221, Randox, UK)、 肌酸酐(creatinine)检测套组(CR510, Randox, UK)、 天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 (AST) 检测套组 (AS 1267, Randox, UK)、 及丙氨酸基转移酶 (ALT) 检测套组 ( AL 1268, Randox, UK) 分别测定大鼠的血浆中的尿素、 肌酸酐、 丙氨酸基 转移酶、 及天冬氨酸氨基转移酶等肝肾功能指标的含量。 实验结果 如表 4所示。
表 4
Figure imgf000022_0002
*0ne way ANOVA以 P <0.05为显著值, 经过
Figure imgf000022_0001
Dimnett's test检定, 「a」 、 「b」 fab J 「c」 不同英文字母 代表各组间统计量达显著差异。 如表 4所示, 相较于控制组, DM组的大鼠具有较高的尿素、 肌 酸酐、 及 ALT / AST比值。 相较于 DM组, 经 CTE喂食 6周后的大鼠 血浆内尿素、 肌酸酐、 ALT / AST比值皆有显著改善 (下降) 的效 果。
( 3-8 ) 血浆抗氧化酵素含量测定
5 已知第一型糖尿病及第二型糖尿病皆会引起会造成体内抗氧 化酵素的表现量降低, 提高氧化压力。 本实验分别以超氧化歧化酶
( superoxide dismutase , SOD )、 过氧化氢酶 ( catalase ) 及麸胱甘 过氧化酶( glutathione peroxidase , GPx )检测套组( Eugene-Chen CO., LTD , 台湾) 验检测大鼠血浆内超氧化歧化酶、 过氧化氢酶及麸胱 0 甘过氧化酶的活性, 以分析检测 CTE对于抗氧化酵素表现量的影 响。 实验结果如表 5所示。
Figure imgf000023_0001
*One way ANOVA 以 P <0.05 为显著值, 经过事后比较 Dunnett' s test检定, 「a」 、 「b」 、 「ab」 、 「c」 不同英文字母 5 代表各组间统计量达显著差异。 如表 5所示,相较于控制组, DM组的大鼠血浆内超氧化歧化酶、 过氧化氢酶、及麸胱甘过氧化酶的活性皆降低。相较于 DM组, DMR 以及经 CTE喂食 6周后的大鼠血浆内的超氧化歧化酶、 过氧化氢酶、 及麸胱甘过氧化酶的活性提高, 显示 CTE具有抗氧化酵素表现量的 功效, 可改善糖尿病所引起的氧化压力。
(3-9) 血浆的脂质过氧化测定
已知糖尿病会引起会增加血浆的脂质过氧的程度, 而丙二醛 (malondialdehyde, MDA) 的浓度可作为脂质过氧化指标, 本实验 测定血浆中丙二醛, 以分析 CTE对于脂质过氧化的影响。 取 0.5毫升 血浆, 加入 1毫升反应试剂 (15重量/体积%三氯乙酸, 溶于 0.25 N HC1; 以及及 0.375重量 /体积%硫代巴比妥酸, 溶于 0.25 NHC1) 混 合均匀, 置于 100°C水浴 15分钟, 冷却后再加入 1毫升的正丁醇, 剧 烈震荡混合, 离心 ( 1500 x g, 10分钟), 取上层液以分光光度计测 量 532纳米的吸光值, 以 PBS作为空白值, 并利用标准品 (5纳莫耳 浓度 1,1,3,3-四甲氧基丙垸)的吸光值以下式计算血清浆丙二醛的浓 度, 结果显示于表 6:
血浆中丙二醛浓度 (纳莫耳浓度 /毫升)
= [ (样品吸光值-空白值) / (标准品吸光值-空白值) ] X 5 表 6
Figure imgf000024_0001
*One way ANOVA以 P <0.05为显著值, 经过事后比较
Dunnett'stest检定, 「a」 、 「b」 、 「c」 不同英文字母代表各组 间统计量达显著差异。 如表 6所示, 相较于控制组, DM组的大鼠血浆内丙二醛浓度升 高。 相较于 DM组, 经 CTE喂食 6周后的大鼠血浆内的丙二醛浓度浓 度下降, 显示 CTE具有降低糖尿病引起的脂质过氧化程度的功效。
( 3-10 ) 血浆发炎指标测定
已知糖尿病患者体内的最终糖化蛋白 (Advanced Glycation End-products , AGE ) 浓度会上升, 当游离的 AGEs与其受体 RAGE 结合, 会产生超氧自由基 (superoxide radicals ) , 并引发下游的 NF-κΒ转录因子活化, 导致一连串的发炎反应。 本实验检测大鼠血 浆内发炎指标, 一氧化氮 (NO )、 TNF-o 及 IL-6的浓度, 以分析 CTE对于糖尿病引起的发炎反应的影响。 取 100微升不同浓度的标 准液或待测血清样本, 分别加入经捕捉抗体 (capture antibody ) 涂 覆的微量盘孔洞中, 于室温培养 2小时, 去除溶液并添加 400微升清 洗缓冲液( 1倍 PB S、 0.05% Tween 20 )冲洗 5次。添加 100微升的 NO、 TNF-o IL-6检测抗体, 置于室温培养 1小时。 接着, 吸掉上清液, 以清洗缓冲液冲洗 5次, 添加 480微升卵白素-辣根过氧化物酶
( enzyme avidan-H P ) 至每个孔洞, 置于室温培养 30分钟后, 吸 掉上清液, 以清洗缓冲液冲洗 5次, 再添加 100微升基质溶液
( substrate solution ) 至每个孔洞, 室温培养 15分钟。 添加 50微升 终止溶液 (stop solution ) 至每个孔洞, 以微量盘分析仪测定波长 450纳米的读值, 并换算浓度。 实验结果显示于图 5至图 7。 其中, 图 5至图 7中的 「a」、 「b」、 「c」表示经过事后比较 Dunnett's test检定, 不同英文字母代表各组间统计量达显著差异。
如图 5至图 7所示, 相较于控制组, DM组的大鼠血浆内 NO (图 5)、 TNF-a (图 6)、 及 IL-6 (图 7) 的浓度皆升高, 显示发炎情况较 严重。相较于 DM组, 经 CTE喂食 6周后的大鼠血浆内的 NO、 TNF-a、 及 IL-6浓度皆会下降, 显示 CTE具有降低糖尿病引起的发炎反应的 功效。
(4) 大鼠肝脏、 肾脏、 心脏、 及腹部脂肪重量测定
本实验测定经如上述投药 6周后, 各实验组别的大鼠的肝脏、 肾脏、 心脏、 及腹部脂肪重量。 结果如表 7所示, 各实验组别的 鼠其肝脏、 肾脏、 心脏、 及腹部脂肪的重量并无明显差异
表 7
Figure imgf000026_0002
*0ne way ANOVA以 P <0.05为显著值, 经过
Figure imgf000026_0001
Dimnett's test检定, 「a」 「b」 f ab J 不同英文字母代表各组 间统计量达显著差异。
(5) SIRT1及 SOCS-3的表现量测定
如前述, 已知 SIRT1可改善胰岛素阻抗的情形, 且已知 S0CS-3 ( suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 ) 表现量可作为瘦素阻抗指标。 本实验进一歩探讨 CTE对于大鼠体内 SIRT1 mRNA及 S0CS-3 mRNA的表现量的影响。 禾 1J用 RNeasy Lipid Tissue Mini套组 ( QIAGEN ) 萃取大鼠大脑下视丘组织的总 RNA。 混合 1微克总 RNA、 1微升 0.5微克 /微升的寡聚核苷酸 (dT ), 及 DEPC-H20定量 到 12微升, 于 65°C作用 5分钟, 随后置于冰上 5分钟, 加入 4微升 5X 第一标准缓冲液 ( First- Strand Buffer )、 1微升 10毫莫耳浓度 dNTP、 及 1微升 HiScript I反转录酶, 于 30°C下反应 10分钟, 再于 48°C反应 60分钟, 70°C反应 15分钟。 接着, 取 1微升 DNA、 0.5微升 10毫莫耳 浓度 dNTPs、 2.5微升 10X PCR缓冲液、 各 0.5微升专一性引子 (gene specific primer , GSP ) 及 0.25微升 Taq聚合酶、 二次水至总体积 25 微升。 以下列条件进行聚合酶链反应(PCR ) : 94°C解离 5分钟; 94°C 解离 30秒; 55°C黏合 30秒; 72°C合成 30秒; 重复 40个循环。 实验结 果显示于图 8及图 9。
如图 8所示,相较于控制组,糖尿病大鼠(DM组)的 SIRT 1 mRNA 表现量明显降低, 而相较于 DM组, 经 CTE喂食的 DME1、 DME2、 及 DME4的 SIRT 1 mRNA表现量增加, 显示 CTE可增加大鼠的 SIRT 1 mRNA的表现量, 进而改善胰岛素阻抗的情形。 此外, 如图 9所示, 相较于控制组, 糖尿病大鼠 (DM组) 的 SOCS-3 mRNA表现量显著 增加, 显示瘦素阻抗的情况较为严重, 而相较于 DM组, 经 CTE喂 食的 DME1、 DME2、 及 DME4的 SOCS-3 mRNA表现量较低, 显示 CTE可降低大鼠的 SOCS-3 mRNA的表现量,改善糖尿病所引起的瘦 素阻抗。
实施例 3 : 管花肉苁蓉萃取物成分分析 以高效液相色谱法 ( high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) 测定管花肉苁蓉萃取物所含成分, 实验条件如下: 管柱为 Agilent Zorbax SB-C18柱, 2.1 x 150 毫米, 5微米; 流动相为溶剂 A: 含 0.1%甲酸的乙腈(acetonitrile, ACN)、 溶剂 B: 含 0.1%甲酸的 MQ-H20; 流速为 0.3毫升 /分钟; 检测波长为 333纳米。 分别吸取松果 菊苷 (ChromaDex, 美国)、 类叶升麻苷 (ChromaDex, 美国)、 以及 异类叶升麻苷 (ChromaDex, 美国) 标准品及管花肉苁蓉萃取物溶液 各 5微升 (溶于 50%甲醇), 注入液相色谱仪, 分别测定各个样本的峰 面积, 并以峰面积计算管花肉苁蓉萃取物所含的松果菊苷、 类叶升 麻苷、 以及异类叶升麻苷的含量。 分析结果显示于下表 8。
表 8
Figure imgf000028_0001
如表 8所示, 管花肉苁蓉萃取物中包含约 26.2重量%的松果菊 苷、 2.6重量%的类叶升麻苷、 以及约 4.4重量%异类叶升麻苷。
根据表 8结果, 换算实施例 2中 DME1、 DME2、 DME4组别所投 予的 CTE剂量中所含各活性成分的含量如下表 9所示:
表 9
Figure imgf000028_0002
实施例 4: 松果菊苷及异类叶升麻苷的活性试验 苷、 类叶升麻苷、 以及异类叶升麻苷。 本实验进一歩确认松果菊苷、 类叶升麻苷、 以及异类叶升麻苷于调节血糖的功效。
(1) 细胞试验
本实验以肝细胞进行醣类消耗试验, 以 1000微克 /毫升的葡萄 糖处理肝细胞(人类肝癌细胞(Human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line ) HepG2, 购自生物资源保存及研究中心 ( Bioresource Collection and Research Center, BCRC); BCRC号码: 60025), 再 分别以 100纳莫耳浓度的胰岛素、 50微克 /毫升管花肉苁蓉萃取物 (CTE)、 以及依照各活性成分在萃取物中的含量, 以对应量的活 性成分(即, 12.5微克 /毫升的松果菊苷、 1.25微克 /毫升的类叶升麻 苷、 以及 2.25微克 /毫升的异类叶升麻苷) 处理细胞, 经 1小时后, 测定肝细胞的葡萄糖消耗程度。 结果显示于图 10。 其中, 图中数值 为平均值±标准差 (n=3); ***P <0.001 (相较于控制组)。
如图 10所示, 相较于控制组, 50微克 /毫升管花肉苁蓉萃取物、 12.5微克 /毫升的松果菊苷、以及 2.25微克 /毫升的异类叶升麻苷均可 有效提高肝细胞的葡萄糖消耗量,而 1.25微克 /毫升的类叶升麻苷处 理的功效则不明显, 推测可能是因比例过低所致。
(2) 浓度依存试验
为进一歩了解管花肉苁蓉萃取物中的活性成分是否具有加速 肝细胞汲取血糖的效果, 本实验分别以不同浓度的管花肉苁蓉萃取 物、 松果菊苷、 类叶升麻苷、 以及异类叶升麻苷进行如上述的醣类 消耗试验。 结果显示于图 11。 其中, 图中数值为平均值 ±标准差 ( 11=3 ) ; * *P < 0.01; * * *P <0.001 compared to control ; #P < 0.05
(相较于胰岛素处理组)。
如图 11所示, 相较于控制组, 5微克 /毫升、 及 50微克 /毫升的管 花肉苁蓉萃取物 (CTE )、 松果菊苷、 类叶升麻苷、 以及异类叶升 麻苷皆可有效提高肝细胞的葡萄糖消耗量, 且实验结果呈现浓度依 存性 (dose dependence ) ; 其中类叶升麻苷与先前的研究结果类似, 具有提高肝细胞的葡萄糖消耗量的功效。 同时, 发现松果菊苷及异 类叶升麻苷在极低浓度 (5微克 /毫升) 对于提高肝细胞的葡萄糖消 耗量有显著功效。 此实验结果显示, 管花肉苁蓉萃取物可提高肝细 胞的葡萄糖消耗量, 具有降低血糖的功效, 主要是所含的活性成分 松果菊苷及异类叶升麻苷的贡献, 而非由类叶升麻苷所致。
以上实验结果显示, 管花肉苁蓉萃取物及其所含的松果菊苷及 异类叶升麻苷, 具可降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖的作用, 可用于调节血 糖, 且尤其可治疗第一型及第二型糖尿病。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种使用一活性成分于制备药剂的用途, 其中该药剂是用于调 节血糖, 且该活性成分是选自以下群组: 式 (I) 化合物、 式 (I) 化合物的医药可接受盐、 及前述的组合,
其中, X为 H
者为
Figure imgf000031_0001
时, Z为
Figure imgf000031_0002
Rl至 R13是各自独立为 H或 OH, 且其 中 , R1 至 R3 不同时为 H; 8 及 R9 不同时为 H。
2、 一种使用一活性成分于制备药剂的用途, 其中该药剂是用于增 力卩 SIRTl ( sirtuin 1) mRNA表现量及 /或降低 SOCS3 ( suppressor of cytokine signaling 3) mRNA表现量, 且该活性成分是选自以下 群组: 式 (I) 化合物、 式 (I) 化合物的医药可接受盐、 及前述的 组合,
Figure imgf000031_0003
(1); 其中, X为 H或 C1-C3垸基; Y及 Z的一者为 一 y Q、
另一者为 H、 OH 或 其中当 Y 为
Figure imgf000032_0001
-0— - 时, Z为 Rl至 R13是各自独立为 H或 0H, 且其 中 , Rl 至 R3 不同时为 H; 8 及 R9 不同时为 H
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2的用途, 其特征是, Rl、 R2及 R3 的二者 为 OH。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2的用途, 其特征是, X为 C1-C3垸基。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2的用途, 其特征是, 该式 (I) 化合物是具 下式 (A):
Figure imgf000032_0002
其中, Xa为 H或 C1-C3垸基; Rla至 R13a是各自独立为 H或 OH, 且其中, Rla至 R3a不同时为 H; R8a及 R9a不同时为 H。
6、 根据权利要求 5的用途, 其特征是, Xa为 C1-C3垸基, 且 Rla、 R2a及 R3a的二者为 OH。
7、 根据权利要求 5的用途, 其特征是, 该式 (I) 化合物是如下化 合物 (1):
Figure imgf000033_0001
( 1)
8、 根据权利要求 1或 2的用途, 其特征是, 该式 (I) 化合物是具 下式 (C):
Figure imgf000033_0002
其中, Xc为 H或 C1-C3垸基; Yc为 H、 OH或
以及 Rlc至 R13c是各自独立为 H或 OH, 且其中, Rlc至 R3c 不同时为 H; R8c及 R9c不同时为 H。
9、 根据权利要求 8的用途, 其特征是, Xc为 C1-C3垸基, 且 Rlc 至 R3c的二者为 OH。
10、 根据权利要求 8 的用途, 其特征是, 该式 (I) 化合物是如下 化合物 (2):
Figure imgf000034_0001
11、 根据权利要求 1或 2的用途, 其特征是, 该活性成分是选自以 下群组: 化合物 (1)、 化合物 (1) 的医药可接受盐、 化合物 (2)、 化合物 (2) 的医药可接受盐、 及前述的组合,
Figure imgf000034_0002
(1),
Figure imgf000034_0003
群组: 化合物 (1)、 化合物 (2)、 及前述的组合。
13、 根据权利要求 12 的用途, 其特征是, 该活性成分是以萃取物 的形式使用。
14、 根据权利要求 13 的用途, 其特征是, 该萃取物是管花肉苁蓉 ( Cistanche tubulosa) 萃取物。
15、 根据权利要求 14的用途, 其特征是, 该管花肉苁蓉萃取物是 以包含如下歩骤的方法制得
( a) 使用一极性溶剂萃取管花肉苁蓉, 以获得一萃取液; 以及
(b) 视需要干燥该萃取液,
其中该极性溶剂是选自以下群组: 水、 C1-C4 醇类、 及前述的 组合。
16、 根据权利要求 15的用途, 其特征是, 该极性溶剂是选自以下 群组: 水、 甲醇、 乙醇、 及前述的组合。
17、 根据权利要求 1或 2的用途, 其特征是, 该药剂是用于治疗第 一型糖尿病。
18、 根据权利要求 1或 2的用途, 其特征是, 该药剂是用于治疗第 二型糖尿病。
19、 根据权利要求 2的用途, 其特征是, 该药剂是经由增加 SIRT1 mRNA表现量以用于治疗糖尿病、 神经病变、 心血管疾病、 以及肥 胖。
20、 根据权利要求 2的用途, 其特征是, 该药剂是经由降低 SOCS3 1、 根据权利要求 1或 2的用途, 其特征是, 该药剂的用量, 以式 (I)化合物计, 为每天约 0.5毫克 /千克体重至 100毫克 /千克体重。
2、 根据权利要求 1或 2的用途, 其特征是, 该药剂的用量, 以式 (I) 化合物计, 为每天约 1毫克 /千克体重至 55毫克 /千克体重。
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EP3006087A1 (en) 2016-04-13
US9339522B2 (en) 2016-05-17
EP3006087A4 (en) 2017-01-18
CN104208080B (zh) 2017-05-03
KR20160003130A (ko) 2016-01-08
CN104208080A (zh) 2014-12-17
JP6211689B2 (ja) 2017-10-11
TWI571258B (zh) 2017-02-21

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