WO2014166256A1 - 一种晶体硅太阳能电池的绒面结构及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种晶体硅太阳能电池的绒面结构及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014166256A1 WO2014166256A1 PCT/CN2013/087239 CN2013087239W WO2014166256A1 WO 2014166256 A1 WO2014166256 A1 WO 2014166256A1 CN 2013087239 W CN2013087239 W CN 2013087239W WO 2014166256 A1 WO2014166256 A1 WO 2014166256A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/70—Surface textures, e.g. pyramid structures
- H10F77/703—Surface textures, e.g. pyramid structures of the semiconductor bodies, e.g. textured active layers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a suede structure of a crystalline silicon solar cell and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of solar energy.
- the suede structure on the surface of the silicon wafer can effectively reduce the surface reflectance of the solar cell, and is one of the important factors affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.
- many methods have been tried, including mechanical grooving, laser etching, reactive ion etching (RIE ), chemical etching method (ie wet etching).
- the mechanical groove method can obtain a lower surface reflectance, but the method causes the mechanical damage of the surface of the silicon wafer to be serious, and the yield thereof is relatively low, so that it is used less in industrial production.
- RIE reactive ion etching
- the method can be etched by using different stencils.
- the etching is generally dry etching, and a so-called 'black silicon' structure can be formed on the surface of the silicon wafer, and the reflectance can be as low as 7.9% or even 4%.
- the chemical etching method has the characteristics of simple process, low cost and high quality, and compatibility with existing processes, and has become the most used method in the existing industry.
- the suede structure of a wet-etched crystalline silicon solar cell is generally on the order of micrometers.
- the current practice is still to further reduce its surface reflectance.
- Chinese invention patent application CN102610692A Disclosed is a method for preparing a crystalline silicon nano-micron composite suede, which mainly comprises the following steps: (1) cleaning and etching a crystalline silicon wafer to form a micron-sized suede; (2) Uniformly covering a surface of the silicon wafer with a layer of non-continuous nano-sized precious metal particles; (3) selectively etching the surface of the silicon wafer with a chemical etching solution to form a nano-scale suede; (4) The chemical solution removes precious metal particles.
- the nanometer obtained by the above preparation method - In the micro-composite suede the nanostructure is nano-hole-shaped, that is, its pore diameter is small and the depth is deep. Reports and experiments have shown that the surface reflectance of this composite suede structure is reduced to 12%. The following, but it is not conducive to the surface passivation of the latter, and the conversion efficiency of the cell currently produced by the film is lower than that of the conventionally-made cell of the production line.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a pile structure of a crystalline silicon solar cell and a method of preparing the same.
- a crystalline silicon solar cell The preparation method of the suede structure comprises the following steps:
- the metal ion is selected from one of a gold ion, a silver ion, and a copper ion;
- the first chemical etching liquid is selected from one of the following mixed solutions: a mixed solution of HF and H 2 O 2 , a mixed solution of HF and HNO 3 , a mixed solution of HF and H 2 CrO 4 ;
- the concentration of HF is 1 ⁇ 15 mol/L, and the concentration of H 2 O 2 , HNO 3 or H 2 CrO 4 is 0.05 ⁇ 0.5 mol/L;
- the first cleaning solution is a nitric acid solution having a mass percentage of 27 to 69%, the cleaning time is 60 to 1200 seconds, and the cleaning temperature is 5 ⁇ 85 °C;
- the second cleaning solution is a hydrofluoric acid solution having a mass percentage of 1 to 10%, the cleaning time is 60 to 600 seconds, and the cleaning temperature is 5 ⁇ 45 °C;
- the second chemical etching solution is selected from one of the following solutions: a NaOH solution, a KOH solution, a tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution, a mixed solution of HNO 3 and HF acid;
- reaction temperature is 5 ⁇ 85 °C;
- the reaction temperature is 5 ⁇ 85 °C;
- reaction temperature is 5 ⁇ 85 °C;
- the concentrations of HF and HNO 3 are 0.05-0.5 mol/L and 1-10 mol/L, respectively, the reaction time is 10 ⁇ 1000 seconds, and the reaction temperature is 5 ⁇ 45 °C;
- the suede structure of the crystalline silicon solar cell can be obtained by washing and drying.
- the concentration of the nano metal particles in the step (2) is 0.0001 ⁇ 0.1 mol/L. .
- the immersion time is 10 to 1000 seconds, and the solution temperature is 5 to 85 °C.
- the etching time of the step (3) is 30 to 3000 seconds, and the reaction temperature is 5 to 45 °C.
- the present invention simultaneously claims the suede structure of the crystalline silicon solar cell obtained by the above production method.
- the crystalline silicon solar cell is a polycrystalline silicon solar cell, and the reflectivity of the suede structure is 12% to 20%. .
- the crystalline silicon solar cell is a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, and the reflectivity of the suede structure is 5% to 15%. .
- the size of the suede structure of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell prepared by the invention is between 100 and 500 nm, The surface reflectance is between 12 and 20%, and the conversion efficiency of the cell can be improved compared to the nano-micron composite suede structure disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. CN102610692A. About 0.2 ⁇ 0.5%, it has achieved unexpected results.
- Nano suede structure of the invention It is more suitable for the manufacturing process of current production line polycrystalline silicon solar cells, which reduces the surface reflectivity without affecting the surface passivation process of the subsequent channels.
- the working principle of the invention is: on the basis of forming the existing micron-sized suede, firstly coating a layer of uniformly distributed metal nanoparticles on the surface of the silicon wafer; secondly, placing the silicon wafer with metal nanoparticles on the surface thereof;
- the oxidizing agent H 2 O 2 or HNO 3 or H 2 CrO 4
- the hydrofluoric acid in the etching liquid oxidizes the silicon wafer.
- SiO 2 is transported into the solution in the form of fluorosilicic acid.
- the nearby silicon wafer reacts extremely fast, and the difference in reaction speed will form a line or deep on the surface of the silicon wafer.
- Hole-shaped microstructure finally, the surface of the silicon wafer is etched and etched using a second chemical etching solution, that is, using an alkali solution (NaOH solution, KOH solution, tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution or mixed acid (HF and HNO 3 ) ))
- a second chemical etching solution that is, using an alkali solution (NaOH solution, KOH solution, tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution or mixed acid (HF and HNO 3 )
- Corrosion correction of the above-mentioned linear or deep-hole microstructures the lye is mainly anisotropic etching of the above-mentioned linear or deep-hole microstructures, and the anisotropic corrosion will follow the original Linear or deep-hole microstructure Carried out, will be the result of the original etched linear or deep-like micro
- This isotropic corrosion is preferentially performed along the original linear or deep-hole microstructures.
- the etching results in the original linear or deep pores.
- the microstructure is modified into a nanopore structure with a larger aperture and a shallower depth. Through the modified etching of this step, a nanocrystalline suede of a crystalline silicon solar cell is finally obtained.
- the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
- the invention develops a new method for preparing a suede structure of a crystalline silicon solar cell.
- the first chemical etching solution is used to etch the surface of the silicon wafer to form a nano-scale suede surface.
- the second chemical etching solution is used to obtain a suede structure which is more suitable for the crystalline silicon solar cell; the test proves that the size of the suede structure of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell of the present invention is 100 ⁇ 500 nm.
- the surface reflectance is 12-20%.
- the conversion efficiency of the cell sheet can be increased by 0.2 to 0.5% with respect to the nano-micron composite suede structure disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. CN102610692A. Left and right, I have achieved unexpected results.
- the preparation method of the invention is simple and easy, and has good compatibility with the existing industrial production process, and can be quickly transplanted into industrial production. Suitable for promotion.
- FIG. 2 is a comparison diagram of reflection spectra of polycrystalline silicon suede prepared by polycrystalline silicon suede and conventional acid etching in the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG 3 is a SEM scan of a polycrystalline silicon wafer suede according to a second embodiment of the present invention. (magnification 5K times)
- Figure 5 is a SEM scan of the polycrystalline silicon wafer suede in the third embodiment of the present invention. (magnification 5K times)
- FIG. 6 is a comparison diagram of reflection spectra of polycrystalline silicon suede prepared by polycrystalline polystyrene and conventional acid etching in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 8 is a SEM scan of the modified etching of the polycrystalline silicon wafer in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. (magnification 50K times)
- Figure 10 is a SEM scan of the polycrystalline silicon wafer after the modified etching of the second embodiment of the present invention. (magnification 5K times)
- Figure 11 is a SEM scan of the polycrystalline silicon wafer suede in Comparative Example 2 after uncorrected etching. (zoom in 50K Times)
- Figure 13 is a SEM scan of the suede of a single crystal silicon wafer in the fifth embodiment of the present invention. (magnification 50K times)
- Example 14 is a comparison diagram of reflection spectra of single crystal silicon suede after correction etching in Comparative Example 3 and modified etching in Example 5;
- Figure 15 is a SEM scan of the suede of the single crystal silicon wafer in Comparative Example 3 after the correction etching; (magnification 5K times)
- Fig. 16 is a SEM scanning view of the suede surface of the single crystal silicon wafer of Comparative Example 3 after uncorrected etching. (zoom in 50K Times)
- a method for preparing a suede structure of a polycrystalline silicon solar cell comprises the following steps:
- the corrugated layer is corroded to form micron-sized suede; then it is put into AgNO 3 with a concentration of 0.008 mol/L.
- the reaction was carried out at 20 ° C for 60 s;
- the suede structure of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell can be obtained by washing and drying.
- the size of the suede structure of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell obtained in this embodiment is between 100 and 200 nm (as shown in FIG. 1).
- the average surface reflectance in the wavelength range of 400 ⁇ 1050nm is 13.4%.
- a method for preparing a suede structure of a polycrystalline silicon solar cell comprises the following steps:
- the suede structure of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell can be obtained by washing and drying.
- a method for preparing a suede structure of a polycrystalline silicon solar cell comprises the following steps:
- TMAH solution tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution
- the microstructure of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell obtained in this embodiment has a microstructure of 150 to 300 nm (see FIG. 3).
- the average surface reflectance in the wavelength range of 400 ⁇ 1050 nm is 12.1%.
- a method for preparing a suede structure of a polycrystalline silicon solar cell comprises the following steps:
- the microstructure of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell prepared in this embodiment has a microstructure of 150 to 300 nm (see FIG. 5).
- the average surface reflectance is 10% in the wavelength range of 400 ⁇ 1050 nm.
- a method for preparing a suede structure of a polycrystalline silicon solar cell comprises the following steps:
- a method for preparing a suede structure of a polycrystalline silicon solar cell comprises the following steps:
- the corrugated layer is corroded to form micron-sized suede; then it is put into AgNO 3 with a concentration of 0.008 mol/L.
- the reaction was carried out at 20 ° C for 60 s;
- the suede structure of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell can be obtained by washing and drying.
- the size of the suede structure of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell after the NaOH solution is etched is 150 ⁇ 300 nm. Between (see Figures 7 and 8), the average surface reflectance is 15.6% in the wavelength range of 400 ⁇ 1050nm (see Figure 9).
- the nano-sue structure obtained by the modified etching in Comparative Example 2 is a nano-deep-hole structure with a pore size of only about 50 nm (see Figure 10, 11 shows that the average surface reflectance is 5.9% in the wavelength range of 400 ⁇ 1050nm (see Figure 9).
- the unmodified etching is as in Chinese invention patent application CN102610692A The disclosed method of producing a nano-micron composite suede structure without the modified etching of step (5) above.
- a method for preparing a nano-sue surface of a single crystal silicon solar cell comprising the following steps:
- the corrugated layer is corroded to form a micron-sized suede; and then the concentration is 0.008 mol/L.
- AgNO 3 solution the reaction was carried out at 20 °C for 120 s;
- a method for preparing a suede structure of a single crystal silicon solar cell comprising the following steps:
- the corrugated layer is corroded to form a micron-sized suede; and then the concentration is 0.008 mol/L.
- AgNO 3 solution the reaction was carried out at 20 °C for 120 s;
- the suede structure of the single crystal silicon solar cell can be obtained by washing and drying.
- the size of the suede structure of the single crystal silicon solar cell after being etched by the NaOH solution is 150 to 300 nm. Between (see Figures 12 and 13), the average surface reflectance is 6.4% in the wavelength range of 400 ⁇ 1050nm (see Figure 14).
- the nano-sue structure obtained by the modified etching in Comparative Example 3 is a nano-deep-hole structure with a pore size of only about 50 nm (see Figure 15 16) shows an average surface reflectance of 5.0% in the wavelength range of 400 to 1050 nm (see Figure 14).
- the unmodified etching is as in Chinese invention patent application CN102610692A The disclosed method of producing a nano-micron composite suede structure without the modified etching of step (5) above.
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| JP2016524403A JP6392866B2 (ja) | 2013-04-12 | 2013-11-15 | 結晶シリコン太陽電池の表面テクスチャ構造及びその製造方法 |
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| CN201310127230.XA CN103219428B (zh) | 2013-04-12 | 2013-04-12 | 一种晶体硅太阳能电池的绒面结构及其制备方法 |
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| CN103219428B (zh) | 2015-08-19 |
| CN103219428A (zh) | 2013-07-24 |
| JP6392866B2 (ja) | 2018-09-19 |
| JP2017504179A (ja) | 2017-02-02 |
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