WO2014157700A1 - インバータ装置 - Google Patents
インバータ装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014157700A1 WO2014157700A1 PCT/JP2014/059348 JP2014059348W WO2014157700A1 WO 2014157700 A1 WO2014157700 A1 WO 2014157700A1 JP 2014059348 W JP2014059348 W JP 2014059348W WO 2014157700 A1 WO2014157700 A1 WO 2014157700A1
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- inverter
- clamp circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
- H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inverter device that switches DC power to convert it into AC power.
- a half-bridge or full-bridge semiconductor switching element such as an FET (Field-Effect-Transistor) or IGBT (Insulated Gate-Bipolar-Transistor) is used.
- An inverter circuit is configured, and two sets of switching elements are alternately turned on / off to convert DC power into AC power.
- the load includes an inductance component and a capacitance component in addition to the resistance component, even when all the switching elements are turned off, the power stored in the inductor and the capacitor is transferred to the parasitic diode and commutation of the switching element.
- a reverse current flows to a DC power supply or a buffer capacitor via a diode.
- FIG. 15 shows a circuit of a conventional inverter device described in US Pat. No. 7,046,534, which is proposed to prevent the electric power stored in the inductor or the capacitor from flowing back to the DC power source or the buffer capacitor.
- the configuration is shown.
- a full-bridge inverter circuit in which a series circuit of switching elements QA and QB and a series circuit of switching elements QC and QD are connected in parallel is connected to both terminals 101 and 102 of the DC power supply 111. Yes.
- output lines 107 and 108 are led out from a connection point 105 between the switching elements QA and QB and a connection point 106 between the switching elements QC and QD, respectively.
- the output lines 107 and 108 are connected to a load or power system 112 via inductors L1 and L2. Further, a clamp circuit in which a series circuit of a switching element E and a rectifier diode DE and a series circuit of a switching element F and a rectifier diode DF are connected in reverse parallel is connected between the output lines 107 and 108.
- Diodes DA to DD are parasitic diodes or commutation diodes of switching elements QA to QD, respectively.
- the controller 113 alternately controls the switching elements QA and QD and the switching elements QB and QC for each half cycle of the frequency of the AC power supply (for example, 50 Hz or 60 Hz).
- the on / off timings of the switching elements QA and QD and the on / off timings of the switching elements QB and QC are synchronized with each other.
- the control unit 113 turns on / off the switching elements QE and QF according to the AC voltage (polarity or sign) between the AC output terminals 103 and 104.
- FIG. 16 is a timing chart showing ON / OFF of each of the switching elements QA to QF when the phases of the AC voltage V AC and the AC output current I OUT are the same.
- the control unit 113 performs PWM control on the switching elements QA and QD, whereby the AC voltage (polarity or sign) between the AC output terminals 103 and 104 becomes positive (+).
- the output (synchronization signal) of the comparator provided in the control unit 113 shows a positive value.
- the control unit 113 turns on the switching element QE.
- switching elements QA and QD While switching elements QA and QD are turned on by PWM control, current flows from DC power supply 111 in the order of switching element QA, inductor L1, load or power system 112, inductor L2, switching element QD, and DC power supply 111.
- the switching elements QA and QD are turned off by PWM control, the inductor current due to the induced electromotive force generated in the inductors L1 and L2 is commutated to the rectifier diode DE and the switching element QE, and flows to the load or the power system 112. , Does not flow to the buffer capacitor C1.
- the AC voltage V AC and the output current I OUT from the inverter device 100 are substantially sinusoidal. Also during the negative half cycle of the alternating current, PWM control is performed on the switching elements QB and QC, and during that time, the switching element QF is turned on to reverse the current direction and perform the same operation.
- the clamp circuit in which the series circuit of the switching element QE and the rectifier diode DE and the series circuit of the switching element QF and the rectifier diode DF are connected in reverse parallel is configured so that the DC power supply 111 and the It serves to completely disconnect the buffer capacitor C1 from the load or power system 112.
- FIG. 17 shows a case where the phase of the output current I OUT as an example is delayed with respect to the AC voltage V AC phases. 17, in the period T1, despite the phase of the output voltage V OUT is in the negative, the AC voltage V AC phase is positive.
- the control unit 113 controls on / off of the switching elements QE and QF based on the voltage (polarity or sign) of the load or power system 112. Therefore, in the period T1, the switching element QE is turned off and the switching element QF is turned on.
- the output current I OUT flows in the positive direction, that is, the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 15, but the rectifier diode DF is reverse-biased with respect to the output current I OUT even when the switching element QF is on. Yes, the output current I OUT does not flow through this route.
- the rectifier diode DE is the forward bias to the output current I OUT, since the switching element QE is already turned off, the output current I OUT can not flow in this route.
- the output current I OUT flows back to the buffer capacitor C1 via the parasitic diode or the commutation diode DB / DC of the switching element QB / QC, and loads the buffer capacitor C1 while the switching element QB / QC is off. Or it cannot be separated from the power system 112. Since this current path is the same path regardless of whether the switching element QB / QC is on or off, the output voltage between the output lines 107 and 108 is always VIN during the period T1, and PWM control is disabled ( (Or current control is impossible). The same applies to the period T2 in which the phase of the AC voltage V AC is positive and the phase of the output current I OUT is negative.
- the actual current waveform does not become a clean sine wave as shown in FIG. 17, but becomes an irregular waveform as shown in FIG.
- the switching elements QE and QF of the clamp circuit are controlled based on the voltage of the load or the power system 112 as in the conventional inverter device 100, the polarity (or sign) of the AC voltage VAC and the output current I During the period in which the polarity (or sign) of OUT does not match, there is a problem that current control cannot be performed using power stored in the inductors L1 and L2. Further, in the example shown in FIG.
- a dead-off time in which both the switching elements QE and QF are turned off is near the zero cross point of the AC voltage.
- a dead-off time in which both the switching elements QE and QF are turned off is near the zero cross point of the AC voltage.
- the switching element is turned on / off by the polarity (or sign) of the AC voltage VAC as described above. ) decision error or by a voltage disturbance when the AC voltage V AC is the power system (such as a voltage phase jump due to a power outage or tap changer), for example, during the on period of the switching element QA / QD, instantaneous AC voltage V AC
- the switching element QA / QD and QF or QB / QC and QE are simultaneously turned on, so that a short circuit current may flow.
- it is necessary to provide the control unit 113 with a circuit for determining the polarity (or sign) of the voltage of the AC voltage VAC which complicates the structure and control and increases costs.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the conventional example, and is stored in an inductor or the like even in a period in which the polarity (or sign) of the AC voltage and the polarity (or sign) of the output current are different.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an inverter device capable of current control by electric power.
- the inductor current is passed through the parasitic diode or commutation diode of the switching element that constitutes the inverter circuit.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an inverter device that does not flow backward to a buffer capacitor.
- an inverter device is connected to a DC power source and converts DC power to AC power by alternately turning on and off two sets of switching elements according to a predetermined control signal.
- An inverter circuit, a clamp circuit composed of at least one switching element connected between two output terminals of the inverter circuit, and a control unit for controlling on and off of the inverter circuit and the switching element of the clamp circuit The control unit short-circuits the clamp circuit when all of the two sets of switching elements are turned off, thereby enabling current control even during a period in which the polarity of the AC voltage and the polarity of the output current are different. It is characterized by doing.
- the control unit performs PWM control on any one of the two sets of switching elements during a predetermined period of the predetermined control signal, and turns off all the two sets of switching elements even during PWM control. In this case, it is preferable to short-circuit the clamp circuit.
- the one set of switching elements or the other set of switching elements of the two sets of switching elements is turned off until the clamp circuit is short-circuited, and after the clamp circuit is not short-circuited, the set of sets It is preferable to provide a dead time until the switching elements or the other set of switching elements are turned on.
- the clamp circuit is any one of a short circuit state, a rectification state that is reverse biased when the output voltage from the inverter circuit is positive, a rectification state that is reverse biased when the output voltage is negative, and a cutoff state It is preferable that the control unit controls the clamp circuit to a rectified state that is reverse-biased with respect to the output voltage at that time during the dead time.
- the control unit has a first carrier signal in which the same waveform repeats continuously in a positive voltage region, a second carrier signal in which the same waveform repeats continuously in a negative voltage region, and the same frequency as the frequency of the AC power supply.
- a command voltage signal in which the voltage changes in a sine wave shape alternately between a positive region and a negative region, and the value of the command voltage signal is higher than the value of the first carrier signal in a positive voltage region
- the set of switching elements constituting the inverter circuit is turned on, and the set of switching elements is turned off and the clamp circuit is short-circuited for a period when the value of the command voltage signal is lower than the value of the first carrier signal.
- the other set of switching elements constituting the inverter circuit is turned on for a period when the value of the command voltage signal is lower than the value of the second carrier signal.
- Value higher period than the value of the command voltage signal is said second carrier signal, turns off the other pair of switching elements, it is preferable to short the clamp circuit.
- control unit has a carrier signal in which the same waveform repeats continuously in a positive voltage region, and a command having the same frequency as the frequency of the AC power supply, and the voltage changes in a sinusoidal shape in the positive half cycle of the AC power supply.
- a voltage signal in a region where the sign of the command voltage signal is positive, turning on a set of switching elements constituting the inverter circuit for a period when the value of the command voltage signal is higher than the value of the carrier wave signal, During a period when the value of the command voltage signal is lower than the value of the carrier wave signal, the set of switching elements is turned off, the clamp circuit is short-circuited, and in the region where the sign of the command voltage signal is negative, During a period when the value is higher than the value of the carrier wave signal, the other set of switching elements constituting the inverter circuit is turned on, and the value of the command voltage signal is the carrier wave Lower period than the value of the item, turning off the other pair of switching elements, it is preferable to short the clamp circuit.
- the clamp circuit is a circuit in which two semiconductor switching elements are connected in series so that parasitic diodes or commutation diodes are opposite to each other.
- the clamp circuit is preferably a circuit in which two parallel circuits are connected in parallel so that a parasitic diode or commutation diode of one semiconductor switching element and a rectifier diode are opposite to each other.
- the clamp circuit has two semiconductor switching elements connected in series so that parasitic diodes or commutation diodes are opposite to each other, and one set of switching elements or the other set of the two sets of switching elements. It is preferable to turn on the semiconductor switching element of the clamp circuit in which the parasitic diode or the commutation diode is forward biased with respect to the output voltage from the inverter circuit.
- the inverter circuit is configured by connecting in parallel two series circuits of two IGBTs to which an emitter and a collector are connected, and the clamp circuit is configured by a series circuit of two IGBTs having collectors connected to each other.
- the drive circuits of IGBTs having the same emitter potential are preferably connected to the same power source.
- the clamp circuit is preferably a dual gate type GaN / AlGaN bidirectional switching element having no parasitic diode.
- control unit can change at least one of the voltage and the frequency of the command voltage signal and thereby drive an inductive load or a capacitive load.
- the DC power supply is a secondary battery connected directly or indirectly to an input terminal of the inverter circuit, and the control unit drives the inverter circuit as a synchronous rectifier circuit, It is preferable to charge the secondary battery with power from an AC power system connected between the output terminals.
- a voltage detection unit that detects a voltage of the AC voltage; and the control unit changes the command voltage signal to generate a periodic reactive power fluctuation in the output from the inverter circuit, and the voltage detection unit It is preferable to detect whether or not the inverter device is disconnected from the power system and is operating independently based on the voltage fluctuation or frequency fluctuation detected by the above.
- the inverter device short-circuits the clamp circuit when all the switching elements constituting the inverter circuit are turned off regardless of the phase of the output voltage and the output current of the load or power system. I am letting. Therefore, unlike the conventional inverter device in which the clamp circuit is composed of a series circuit of a switching element and a diode, even if the polarity (or sign) of the AC voltage is different from the polarity (or sign) of the output current, Flowing through. As a result, even when the polarity (or sign) of the AC voltage is different from the polarity (or sign) of the output current, current control using the electric power stored in the inductor or the like is possible.
- the determination error of the polarity (or sign) of the AC voltage or the voltage when the AC voltage is a power system There is no danger of a short circuit due to disturbance, and a safe inverter device can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an inverter device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit and current flow in the three basic operation modes in the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a time chart of PWM control in the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating operation mode determination in internal processing of the control unit in the embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the definition of dead time in the embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit and a current flow in an operation mode other than the basic operation mode in the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a time chart showing a modification of the PWM control in the embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating operation mode determination in the internal processing of the control unit in the modified example.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagrams showing a configuration example using a MOS-FET as a switching element.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams illustrating an example in which an IGBT is used as a switching element and a so-called two-arm configuration is used as a clamp circuit.
- FIGS. 12A and 12B are diagrams showing an example in which a MOS-FET is used as a switching element and a so-called two-arm configuration is used as a clamp circuit.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a GaN / AlGaN bidirectional switching element is used as the switching element.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of a GaN / AlGaN bidirectional switching element.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a conventional inverter device.
- FIG. 16 is a timing chart in the case where the phase of the AC voltage and the phase of the output current match in the conventional inverter device.
- FIG. 17 is a timing chart in the case where the phase of the AC voltage and the phase of the output current are shifted in the conventional inverter device.
- FIG. 18 is a voltage / current waveform diagram showing a state where the output current is not controlled when the phase of the output voltage and the phase of the output current are shifted in the conventional inverter device.
- inverter device 1 in the inverter device 1 according to the present embodiment, a series circuit of switching elements Q1 and Q2 and a series circuit of switching elements Q3 and Q4 are connected in parallel to both terminals 11 and 12 of a DC power supply 10.
- a full-bridge inverter circuit 2 is configured.
- output lines 17 and 18 are led out from a connection point 15 of the switching elements Q1 and Q2 and a connection point 16 of the switching elements Q3 and Q4, respectively.
- the output lines 17 and 18 are connected to a load or the power system 4 via inductors L1 and L2.
- one switching element Q5 and Q6 are connected in series so that the parasitic diodes or the commutation diodes D5 and D6 are opposite to each other, and the clamp circuit 3 is configured. ing.
- the emitter of the switching element Q5 and the emitter of the switching element Q6 are connected.
- Diodes D1 to D4 indicate parasitic diodes or commutation diodes of the switching elements Q1 to Q4, respectively.
- IGBT is shown as an example of a semiconductor switching element.
- the controller 5 performs PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control alternately on the switching elements Q1 and Q4 and the switching elements Q2 and Q3, for example, every half cycle of the frequency of the AC power supply (for example, 50 Hz or 60 Hz).
- PWM Pulse Width Modulation
- the on / off timings of the switching elements Q1 and Q4 and the on / off timings of the switching elements Q2 and Q3 are synchronized.
- the control unit 5 controls on / off of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 by controlling the gate voltages of these IGBTs.
- the control unit 5 sets one set of the inverter circuit 2 for each half cycle of a command voltage signal to be described later, regardless of the voltage (polarity or sign) of the AC voltage VAC.
- the switching elements Q5 and Q6 of the clamp circuit 3 is controlled in accordance with the timing of turning on / off the switching elements Q1 and Q4 and the other set of switching elements Q2 and Q3.
- Table 1 shows the relationship between on / off of each of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 and the operation state at that time in this embodiment.
- the dead-off time described later is not set.
- 2A to 2C show an equivalent circuit and current flows in modes 1 to 3 in Table 1 below, respectively.
- the present invention is not limited to the description of this embodiment. Absent.
- control unit 5 performs PWM control of on / off of the switching elements Q1 and Q4 of the inverter circuit 2, and alternately repeats the mode 1 and mode 3 described above. Execute. In mode 1, control unit 5 turns on switching elements Q1 and Q4 of inverter circuit 2 and turns off switching elements Q2 and Q3. As shown in FIG. 2A, the current flows from the DC power source 10 to the switching element Q ⁇ b> 1, the inductor L ⁇ b> 1, the load or power system 4, and the DC power source 10 in this order.
- the switching element Q5 of the clamp circuit 3 is turned off and the switching element Q6 is turned on. Is on. Since the parasitic diode or the commutation diode D5 of the switching element Q5 is reverse-biased with respect to the AC voltage, no current flows through the clamp circuit 3, and the output current flows through the load or the power system 4.
- the control unit 5 turns off all the switching elements Q1 to Q4 of the inverter circuit 2, turns on the switching elements Q5 and Q6, and shorts the clamp circuit 3.
- mode 1 when switching elements Q1 and Q4 are turned on, current flows in inductors L1 and L2, and magnetic flux is generated in inductors L1 and L2.
- the switching elements Q1 and Q4 are turned off, the magnetic flux generated in the inductors L1 and L2 changes, so that an induced electromotive force is generated in the inductors L1 and L2, thereby causing a current to flow. As shown in FIG.
- the current due to the induced electromotive force generated in the inductors L 1 and L 2 flows through the clamp circuit 3 to the inductors L 1 and L 2, the load or the power system 4. Therefore, this current does not flow back to the buffer capacitor C1 via the parasitic diodes or the commutation diodes D1 to D4 of the switching elements Q1 to Q4 of the inverter circuit 2.
- control unit 5 When shifting from the positive half cycle of the command voltage signal to the negative half cycle across the zero cross point of the command voltage signal ( ⁇ output voltage V OUT ), the control unit 5 performs the above-described mode 1, mode 3, and mode 2 in this order. Execute. The procedure for shifting from mode 1 to mode 3 is the same as described above. When shifting from mode 3 to mode 2, switching element Q6 of clamp circuit 3 is turned off, and switching elements Q2 and Q3 are turned on.
- the control unit 5 performs PWM control of on / off of the switching elements Q2 and Q3 of the inverter circuit 2, and repeatedly executes the mode 2 and the mode 3 alternately.
- the phase shift of the output current I OUT for the AC voltage V AC phases occurs near the zero-cross point of AC voltage. Therefore, when the above mode 3 is executed so as to include the zero cross point of the AC voltage, that is, when the two sets of switching elements Q1 and Q4 and Q2 and Q3 constituting the inverter circuit 2 are all turned off, the clamp circuit 3 is short-circuited. You can do it.
- the on / off of the switching elements Q1 and Q4 or Q2 and Q3 of the inverter circuit 2 is PWM-controlled, and at the same time, the time for short-circuiting the clamp circuit 3 is also PWM-controlled during the PWM control. Yes.
- FIG. 3 shows a time chart of PWM control in this embodiment.
- FIG. 4 shows operation mode determination in internal processing of the control unit 5.
- the uppermost stage shows the waveforms of three first carrier signals, second carrier signals, and command voltage signals that the control unit 5 uses for PWM control.
- the first carrier signal has a waveform in which the same waveform (for example, a triangular wave) repeats continuously in a positive voltage region.
- the second carrier signal has a waveform in which the same waveform (for example, a triangular wave) repeats continuously in a negative voltage region.
- the command voltage signal has the same frequency as that of the AC power supply, and has a waveform in which the voltage alternately changes in a sine wave shape in a positive region and a negative region.
- the waveforms of the first carrier signal, the second carrier signal, and the command voltage signal are not limited to those illustrated in FIG. 3, and at least one of them is a voltage value with respect to the passage of time, such as a parabolic waveform. As long as the waveform changes nonlinearly.
- the second to fifth stages are one set of switching elements Q1 and Q4 of the inverter circuit 2, the switching element Q5 of the clamp circuit 3, the other set of switching elements Q2 and Q3 of the inverter circuit 2, and the clamp circuit. 3 shows the on / off state of the switching element Q6. Focusing on the positive half cycle of the command voltage signal (that is, the output voltage V OUT ), the control unit 5 turns on the switching elements Q1 and Q4 for a period in which the value of the command voltage signal is higher than the value of the first carrier signal. The switching elements Q1 and Q4 are turned off and the switching element Q5 is turned on while the value of the command voltage signal is lower than the value of the first carrier signal.
- the control unit 5 always turns off the switching elements Q2 and Q3 and keeps the switching element Q6 on. While the switching elements Q5 and Q6 are simultaneously turned on, the clamp circuit 3 is short-circuited.
- the control unit 5 configures the inverter circuit 2 for a period in which the value of the command voltage signal is lower than the value of the second carrier signal.
- One set of switching elements Q2 and Q3 are turned on, and the other set of switching elements Q2 and Q3 are turned off and the switching element Q6 is turned on for a period when the value of the command voltage signal is higher than the value of the second carrier signal.
- the control unit 5 always turns off the switching elements Q1 and Q4 and keeps the switching element Q5 on.
- the control unit 5 includes, for example, two comparators, and the first carrier signal and the command voltage signal are input to the first comparator, the voltages are compared, and the second carrier signal and The command voltage signal is input to the second comparator and the voltage is compared.
- the operation mode determination unit in the control unit 5 determines whether the operation mode corresponds to mode 1, mode 2, or mode 3 according to the table shown in the figure, and the control unit 5 determines the switching elements Q1 to Q6 according to the determination result. Control on / off.
- the on / off control of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 by the control unit 5 may be digital control or analog control.
- an OP amplifier is used as the base or gate drive circuit of the switching elements Q1 to Q6, and the first carrier signal and the command voltage signal or the second carrier signal and the command voltage signal are input to each OP amplifier.
- switching elements Q1-Q6 can be turned on / off according to the time chart shown in FIG.
- the switching elements Q1 and Q4 or Q2 and Q3 are on for a short time.
- the switching element Q5 or Q6 is on for a long time.
- the switching elements Q1 and Q4 or Q2 and Q3 are on for a long time and the switching element Q5 or Q6 is on for a short time. Therefore, the average voltage of the output voltage VOUT between the output terminals 13 and 14 of the inverter device 1 is approximated to a sine wave.
- the two sets of switching elements Q1 and Q4 and Q2 and Q3 constituting the inverter circuit 2 are all turned off, and the switching elements Q5 and Q6 constituting the clamp circuit 3 are turned on. is doing. 2C, the clamp circuit 3 is short-circuited, and the output current is commutated to the clamp circuit 3 regardless of its polarity, and flows to the inverter circuit 2 and the buffer capacitor C1. Absent.
- the ON time of the switching element Q5 or Q6 is PWM controlled so that the phase shift of the output current I OUT with respect to the phase of the AC voltage VAC falls within this period T0, the phase of the output voltage and the phase of the output current are equal. It is possible to control the current by the electric power stored in the inductor or the like even during a period when it is not.
- control unit 5 performs PWM control on any one of the two sets of switching elements Q1 and Q4 and Q2 and Q3 every positive or negative half cycle of the command voltage signal. Even during the control, when all of the two sets of switching elements Q1 to Q4 are turned off, the switching elements Q5 and Q6 are simultaneously turned on to short-circuit the clamp circuit 3. For this reason, even during the PWM control, the current caused by the inductors L1 and L2 and the like does not flow backward to the inverter circuit 2 and the buffer capacitor C1.
- the dead time will be described.
- the timing when the switching elements Q1 and Q4 are turned on and the timing when the switching element Q5 is turned off are drawn almost simultaneously.
- the timing at which switching elements Q1 and Q4 are turned off and the timing at which switching element Q5 is turned on are drawn almost simultaneously.
- the control unit 5 switches between the pair of switching elements Q1 and Q4 or Q2 and Q3 until the clamp circuit 3 is short-circuited, and after the clamp circuit 3 is not short-circuited, A dead time is provided until Q4 or Q2 and Q3 are turned on.
- the definition of dead time is shown in FIG.
- the dead time in this embodiment means that the switching elements Q2 and Q3 are always off and the switching element Q6 is always on, the switching elements Q1, Q4 and Q5 are off, and the switching elements Q1 and Q4 are always off.
- the switching element Q5 is always on, and the switching elements Q2, Q3, and Q6 are off.
- the switching elements Q5 and Q6 constituting the clamp circuit 3 are connected such that the parasitic diodes or the commutation diodes D5 and D6 are opposite to each other. Therefore, in the configuration of this embodiment, when the switching elements Q5 and Q6 are turned off at the same time, the clamp circuit 3 is cut off, and as shown in FIG. 6 (a), the current I OUT is the switching diodes Q1 to Q4 are parasitic diodes. Alternatively, the current flows back to the buffer capacitor C1 via the commutation diodes D1 to D4.
- the control unit 5 controls the clamp circuit 3 to a rectified state that is reverse-biased with respect to the command voltage signal at that time during the dead time. .
- the switching element Q6 is always turned on during the positive half cycle of the command voltage signal
- the switching element Q5 is always turned on during the negative half cycle of the command voltage signal.
- the clamp circuit 3 includes a short-circuit state shown in FIG. 2C, a rectification state that is reverse biased when the command voltage signal shown in FIG. 2A is positive, and a command voltage signal shown in FIG. In this case, either the rectifying state in which the reverse bias is applied or the interruption state shown in FIG.
- the shut-off state shown in FIG. 6A is a state that can be taken only when the inverter device 1 is not activated.
- Table 2 shows the relationship between the on / off states of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 taking into account the dead time and the operation state at that time.
- control unit 5 When PWM control is performed to turn on / off switching elements Q1 and Q4 of inverter circuit 2 in the positive half cycle of the command voltage signal, control unit 5 has mode 1, dead time 1, mode 3, dead time 1, mode 1 Repeat in order. During this time, the switching element Q6 remains on. In addition, in the negative half cycle of the AC voltage, when PWM control is performed to turn on / off the switching elements Q2 and Q3 of the inverter circuit 2, the control unit 5 includes mode 2, dead time 2, mode 3, dead time 2, mode Repeat in order of 2. During this time, the switching element Q5 remains on. When the AC voltage is switched from the positive half cycle to the negative half cycle, the control unit 5 executes mode 1, dead time 1, mode 3, dead time 2, and mode 2 in this order. During this time, all the switching elements Q1 to Q6 do not turn off at the same time.
- FIG. 7 shows a time chart of PWM control in this modification.
- FIG. 8 shows operation mode determination in internal processing of the control unit 5 in this modification.
- PWM control of the switching elements Q1 to Q4 is performed using two carrier signals and a command voltage signal.
- the modification shown in FIG. 7 based on one carrier signal and the command voltage signal. PWM control is performed.
- the uppermost stage shows the waveforms of the carrier wave signal and the command voltage signal that the control unit 5 uses for PWM control. Similar to the first carrier signal in FIG.
- the carrier signal has a waveform in which the same waveform (for example, a triangular wave) repeats continuously in a positive voltage region.
- the command voltage signal has, for example, the same frequency as the frequency of the AC power supply, and has a waveform in which the voltage alternately changes in a sine wave shape in the positive region and the negative region. Wave rectified before use.
- the second stage of FIG. 2 represents the sign of the command voltage signal, that is, the timing of the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of the command voltage signal.
- the third to sixth stages in FIG. 7 are the same as the second to fifth stages in FIG.
- the control unit 5 When attention is paid to the sign of the command voltage signal, that is, the positive half cycle of the command voltage signal, the control unit 5 turns on the switching elements Q1 and Q4 for a period in which the value of the command voltage signal is higher than the value of the carrier wave signal.
- the switching elements Q1 and Q4 are turned off and the switching element Q5 is turned on while the value of the command voltage signal is lower than the value of the carrier wave signal.
- the control unit 5 always turns off the switching elements Q2 and Q3 and keeps the switching element Q6 on. While the switching elements Q5 and Q6 are simultaneously turned on, the clamp circuit 3 is short-circuited.
- the control unit 5 configures the inverter circuit 2 for a period in which the value of the command voltage signal is higher than the value of the carrier wave signal.
- the other set of switching elements Q2 and Q3 are turned on, and the other set of switching elements Q2 and Q3 are turned off and the switching element Q6 is turned on while the value of the command voltage signal is lower than the value of the carrier wave signal.
- the control unit 5 always turns off the switching elements Q1 and Q4 and keeps the switching element Q5 on.
- the controller 5 has, for example, one comparator, and the carrier voltage and the full-wave rectified command voltage signal are input to the comparator and their voltages are compared. Based on the output of the comparator and the sign (voltage sign) of the command voltage signal, the operation mode determination part in the control part 5 corresponds to any of the mode 1, mode 2, and mode 3 according to the table shown in the figure.
- the control unit 5 controls on / off of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 according to the determination result. Thereby, switching elements Q1-Q6 can be turned on / off according to the time chart shown in FIG.
- the number of comparators and carrier signals can be halved, and the configuration of the control unit 5 and the arithmetic processing in the control unit 5 can be simplified. Further, compared to the case where two carrier signals are used, it is possible to avoid the influence due to the error between the carrier signals.
- FIG. 9 Another configuration example of the inverter device 1 according to this embodiment is shown in FIG. Compared with the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the switching elements Q5 and Q6 constituting the clamp circuit 3 are replaced, and the collector of the switching element Q5 and the collector of the switching element Q6 are connected to each other. Further, the positions of the switching elements Q5 and Q6 are also switched in order to maintain a rectified state that is reversely biased with respect to the output voltage VOUT . According to the configuration shown in FIG. 9, the emitter of switching element Q1 and the emitter of switching element Q6 have the same potential, and the emitter of switching element Q3 and the emitter of switching element Q5 have the same potential. Further, the emitter of the switching element Q2 and the emitter of the switching element Q4 have the same potential. Thus, for the switching elements (IGBTs) having the same emitter potential, the same power supply voltage can be shared with the drive circuit as shown in FIG. Therefore, although not specifically described in FIG. 1, the power supplies for the switching elements Q5 and Q6 can be o
- FIG. 10 shows a configuration example using MOS-FETs as the switching elements Q1 to Q6.
- 10A shows an example in which the direction of the parasitic diode is arranged in the same manner as the configuration example shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 10B shows an example in which the direction of the parasitic diode is arranged in the same way as the configuration example shown in FIG. Show.
- FIG. 11 shows a so-called two-arm configuration in which two series circuits in which a parasitic diode or commutation diode of one semiconductor switching element and a rectifier diode are connected in reverse directions are connected in reverse parallel as the clamp circuit 3.
- An example is shown.
- An IGBT is used as the switching element, and the commutation diodes of the IGBTs as the switching elements Q5 and Q6 are connected so that the directions of the rectifier diodes D7 and D8 are reversed.
- 11A shows an example in which the direction of the parasitic diode is arranged in the same manner as in the configuration example shown in FIG. 1, and FIG.
- FIG. 11B shows an example in which the direction of the parasitic diode is arranged in the same manner as in the configuration example shown in FIG. Show.
- FIG. 12 shows a so-called two-arm configuration in which a MOS-FET is used as a switching element and two series circuits of a switching element and a diode are connected in reverse parallel as the clamp circuit 3.
- the inverter device 1 provided with the clamp circuit 3 having the two-arm configuration has the same hardware configuration as that of the conventional inverter device 100 shown in FIG. 15, but controls the on / off of the switching elements as described above.
- the software configuration is different.
- FIG. 13 shows an example in which GaN / AlGaN bidirectional switching elements are used as the switching elements Q1 to Q4 constituting the inverter circuit 2 and the single switching element QX constituting the clamp circuit.
- FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional configuration of the GaN / AlGaN bidirectional switching element.
- the drain electrodes D1 and D2 are each formed to reach the GaN layer, and the gate electrodes G1 and G2 are respectively formed on the AlGaN layer.
- GaN / AlGaN bidirectional switching element when a voltage is applied only to one of the two gate electrodes of the GaN / AlGaN bidirectional switching element, diode characteristics that are reverse-biased with respect to the polarity of the AC voltage are shown. Further, since this GaN / AlGaN bidirectional switching element does not have a parasitic diode, all the switching elements Q1 can be obtained by using GaN / AlGaN bidirectional switching elements as the switching elements Q1 to Q4 constituting the inverter circuit 2. Even in a dead-off state in which .about.Q4 and QX are simultaneously turned off, no current flows back through the buffer capacitor C1.
- control unit 5 performs PWM control of the switching elements Q1 and Q4 and Q2 and Q3 in the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of the output voltage VOUT , respectively, but the present invention performs PWM control. It is not limited to the case.
- the present invention can be applied to the case where the switching elements Q1 and Q4 and Q2 and Q3 are simply controlled on / off in the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of the output voltage VOUT , respectively.
- the pulse width in PWM control can be changed arbitrarily by changing one or both of the voltage and frequency of the command voltage signal. Therefore, for example, the frequency and / or voltage of the output voltage VOUT can be changed by changing at least one of the voltage and frequency of the command voltage signal in accordance with a control signal from another device. Thereby, for example, an inductive load such as a motor or a capacitive load such as a fluorescent lamp can be driven.
- the DC power supply 10 may be driven as a secondary battery, and the inverter circuit 2 may be driven as a synchronous rectifier circuit.
- This secondary battery may be directly connected to the input terminals 11 and 12 of the inverter circuit 2 according to the voltage, or connected to the input terminals 11 and 12 of the inverter circuit 2 through a DC / DC converter. May be.
- an AC power system is connected between the two output terminals 13 and 14 of the inverter circuit 2, and the secondary battery is charged with power from the power system.
- the switching elements Q1 to Q6 are switched as described above, and AC power is output from the two output terminals 13 and. Thereby, the secondary battery and the inverter device 1 can be used as an emergency power source.
- a voltage detection unit that detects the voltage of the AC voltage VAC and use the control unit 5 as an isolated operation detection device.
- the control unit 5 uses the control unit 5 as an isolated operation detection device.
- periodic reactive power fluctuations are generated in the output from the inverter circuit 2.
- the inverter device 1 is disconnected from the power system and is operating alone, the periodic variation appears in the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit. Therefore, the inverter device is based on the detection voltage of the voltage detection unit. Is isolated from the power system and can be detected.
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Abstract
Description
2 インバータ回路
3 クランプ回路
4 負荷又は電力系統
5 制御部
10 直流電源
13,14 出力端子
L1,L2 インダクタ
C1 バッファコンデンサ
Q1~Q6,QX スイッチング素子
D1~D6 寄生ダイオード又は転流ダイオード
Claims (14)
- 直流電源に接続され、所定の制御信号に従って2組のスイッチング素子を交互にオン/オフさせることにより直流電力を交流電力に変換するインバータ回路と、
前記インバータ回路の2つの出力端子間に接続された少なくとも1つのスイッチング素子で構成されたクランプ回路と、
前記インバータ回路及び前記クランプ回路のスイッチング素子のオン及びオフを制御する制御部を備え、
前記制御部は、前記2組のスイッチング素子を全てオフさせるときに前記クランプ回路を短絡させ、それによって交流電圧の極性と出力電流の極性が異なっている期間でも、電流制御を可能にすることを特徴とするインバータ装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記所定の制御信号の所定の期間中、前記2組のスイッチング素子のうちいずれか1組に対してPWM制御を行い、PWM制御中も、前記2組のスイッチング素子を全てオフさせるときに、前記クランプ回路を短絡させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のインバータ装置。
- 前記2組のスイッチング素子のうち一組のスイッチング素子又は他の一組のスイッチング素子をオフさせてから前記クランプ回路を短絡させるまでの間、及び前記クランプ回路を非短絡としてから前記一組のスイッチング素子又は前記他の一組のスイッチング素子をオンさせるまでの間に、デッドタイムを設けたことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のインバータ装置。
- 前記クランプ回路は、短絡状態と、前記インバータ回路からの出力電圧が正のときに逆バイアスとなる整流状態と、前記出力電圧が負のときに逆バイアスとなる整流状態と、遮断状態のいずれかをとることができ、
前記制御部は、前記デッドタイムの間、前記クランプ回路を、そのときの前記出力電圧に対して逆バイアスとなる整流状態に制御することを特徴とする請求項3に記載のインバータ装置。 - 前記制御部は、電圧が正の領域で同じ波形が繰り返し連続する第1搬送波信号と、電圧が負の領域で同じ波形が繰り返し連続する第2搬送波信号と、交流電源の周波数と同じ周波数を有し、電圧が正の領域と負の領域で交互に正弦波状に変化する指令電圧信号を用い、
電圧が正の領域において、前記指令電圧信号の値が前記第1搬送波信号の値よりも高い期間、前記インバータ回路を構成する一組のスイッチング素子をオンさせ、
前記指令電圧信号の値が前記第1搬送波信号の値よりも低い期間、前記一組のスイッチング素子をオフさせ、前記クランプ回路を短絡させ、
電圧が負の領域において、前記指令電圧信号の値が前記第2搬送波信号の値よりも低い期間、前記インバータ回路を構成する他の一組のスイッチング素子をオンさせ、
前記指令電圧信号の値が前記第2搬送波信号の値よりも高い期間、前記他の一組のスイッチング素子をオフさせ、前記クランプ回路を短絡させることを特徴とする請求項2、請求項2を引用する請求項3及び請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のインバータ装置。 - 前記制御部は、電圧が正の領域で同じ波形が繰り返し連続する搬送波信号と、交流電源の周波数と同じ周波数を有し、電圧が交流電源の正の半周期における正弦波状に変化する指令電圧信号を用い、
前記指令電圧信号の符号が正の領域において、前記指令電圧信号の値が前記搬送波信号の値よりも高い期間、前記インバータ回路を構成する一組のスイッチング素子をオンさせ、
前記指令電圧信号の値が前記搬送波信号の値よりも低い期間、前記一組のスイッチング素子をオフさせ、前記クランプ回路を短絡させ、
前記指令電圧信号の符号が負の領域において、前記指令電圧信号の値が前記搬送波信号の値よりも高い期間、前記インバータ回路を構成する他の一組のスイッチング素子をオンさせ、
前記指令電圧信号の値が前記搬送波信号の値よりも低い期間、前記他の一組のスイッチング素子をオフさせ、前記クランプ回路を短絡させることを特徴とする請求項2、請求項2を引用する請求項3及び請求項4のいずれか一項に記載のインバータ装置。 - 前記クランプ回路は、寄生ダイオード又は転流ダイオードが互いに逆向きになるように2つの半導体スイッチング素子を直列接続したものであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のインバータ装置。
- 前記クランプ回路は、1つの半導体スイッチング素子の寄生ダイオード又は転流ダイオードと整流ダイオードが互いに逆向きになるように接続された直列回路を2つ逆並列接続したものであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のインバータ装置。
- 前記クランプ回路は、寄生ダイオード又は転流ダイオードが互いに逆向きになるように2つの半導体スイッチング素子を直列接続したものであり、前記2組のスイッチング素子のうち一組のスイッチング素子又は他の一組のスイッチング素子をオンさせている間、前記インバータ回路からの出力電圧に対して前記寄生ダイオード又は転流ダイオードが順バイアスとなる方の前記クランプ回路の半導体スイッチング素子をオンさせることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のインバータ装置。
- 前記インバータ回路は、エミッタとコレクタが接続された2つのIGBTの直列回路を2つ並列接続して構成され、前記クランプ回路は、コレクタ同士が接続された2つのIGBTの直列回路で構成され、エミッタ電位が同じIGBTの駆動回路は同じ電源に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のインバータ装置。
- 前記クランプ回路は、寄生ダイオードを有さないディユアルゲート型のGaN/AlGaN双方向スイッチング素子であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のインバータ装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記指令電圧信号の電圧及び周波数の少なくとも一方を変化させることが可能であり、それによって誘導性負荷又は容量性負荷を駆動させることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項11のいずれか一項に記載のインバータ装置。
- 前記直流電源は、前記インバータ回路の入力端子に直接的に又は間接的に接続された二次電池であり、前記制御部は、前記インバータ回路を同期整流回路として駆動し、前記インバータ回路の2つの出力端子間に接続された交流電力系統からの電力を前記二次電池に充電させることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項12のいずれか一項に記載のインバータ装置。
- 交流電圧の電圧を検出する電圧検出部をさらに備え、
前記制御部は、前記指令電圧信号を変化させることにより、前記インバータ回路からの出力に周期的な無効電力変動を発生させ、前記電圧検出部により検出される電圧変動又は周波数変動に基づいて、このインバータ装置が電力系統から切り離されて単独運転をしているか否かを検出することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項13のいずれか一項に記載のインバータ装置。
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JP7192889B2 (ja) | 2019-01-22 | 2022-12-20 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 電力変換装置及びその制御方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6179783B2 (ja) | 2017-08-16 |
AU2014244868B2 (en) | 2017-01-19 |
EP2980980A1 (en) | 2016-02-03 |
EP2980980B1 (en) | 2021-05-26 |
NZ712539A (en) | 2017-01-27 |
JP6284081B2 (ja) | 2018-02-28 |
WO2014156003A1 (ja) | 2014-10-02 |
EP2980979A1 (en) | 2016-02-03 |
NZ712515A (en) | 2016-08-26 |
EP2980979A4 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
AU2014245740B2 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
JPWO2014157700A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
JP2014209841A (ja) | 2014-11-06 |
AU2014244868A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
AU2014245740A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
EP2980980A4 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
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