WO2014156437A1 - フェライト粒子及びそれを用いた電子写真現像用キャリア、電子写真用現像剤並びにフェライト粒子の製造方法 - Google Patents
フェライト粒子及びそれを用いた電子写真現像用キャリア、電子写真用現像剤並びにフェライト粒子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014156437A1 WO2014156437A1 PCT/JP2014/054591 JP2014054591W WO2014156437A1 WO 2014156437 A1 WO2014156437 A1 WO 2014156437A1 JP 2014054591 W JP2014054591 W JP 2014054591W WO 2014156437 A1 WO2014156437 A1 WO 2014156437A1
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- ferrite particles
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to ferrite particles having an irregular surface and predetermined magnetic properties, a carrier for electrophotographic development using the same (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “carrier”), a developer for electrophotography (hereinafter referred to as “development”). And a method for producing ferrite particles.
- a toner is attached to an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of a photosensitive member to make a visible image, and the visible image is formed on paper. After being transferred to, etc., it is fixed by heating and pressing.
- a so-called two-component developer including a carrier and a toner is widely used as a developer from the viewpoint of high image quality and colorization.
- the carrier and the toner are stirred and mixed in the developing device, and the toner is charged to a predetermined amount by friction. Then, a developer is supplied to the rotating developing roller, a magnetic brush is formed on the developing roller, and the toner is electrically moved to the photosensitive member via the magnetic brush, so that an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member can be formed. Visualize.
- the carrier after the toner movement remains on the developing roller and is mixed with the toner again in the developing device. For this reason, as the characteristics of the carrier, magnetic characteristics for forming a magnetic brush, charging characteristics for imparting a desired charge to the toner, and durability in repeated use are required.
- Patent Document 1 proposes forming minute irregularities on the surface of crystal grains in ferrite particles having a specific composition in order to improve the adhesive strength with the coating resin layer.
- Patent Document 2 proposes forming fine wrinkle-like irregularities on the surface of ferrite particles.
- the preferred depth of the irregularities formed on the surface of the crystal grains is 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the irregularities on the particle surface are wrinkled. Therefore, it is considered that the coating resin layer on the particle surface is worn out as a whole by long-term use. For this reason, the deterioration of the charging characteristics of the carrier cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a conventional problem, and the purpose thereof is a ferrite particle in which a coating resin partially remains on the particle surface even after long-term use, and deterioration of charging characteristics is suppressed. Is to provide.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic developer carrier and an electrophotographic developer that stably maintain charging performance.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently producing ferrite particles in which the degree of unevenness on the particle surface is in a specific range and the variation in grain size appearing on the particle surface is in a predetermined range.
- the ferrite particle according to the present invention that achieves the above object is a ferrite particle containing Mn ferrite as a main phase and containing Sr ferrite, and the degree of unevenness of the particle surface is in the range of 2.5 ⁇ m to 4.5 ⁇ m.
- the standard deviation of the size of grains appearing on the surface is in the range of 1.5 ⁇ m to 3.5 ⁇ m.
- an electrophotographic developing carrier characterized in that the surface of the ferrite particles is coated with a resin.
- an electrophotographic developer comprising the above-described electrophotographic developer carrier and a toner.
- Fe component raw material, Mn component raw material, Sr ferrite particles having a volume average particle diameter (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “average particle diameter”) of 1.0 ⁇ m to 4.5 ⁇ m are dispersed.
- a ferrite particle comprising a step of obtaining a slurry by being put in a medium, a step of obtaining a granulated product by spray drying the slurry, and a step of obtaining a calcined product by firing the granulated product A manufacturing method is provided.
- the addition amount of Sr ferrite particles is preferably in the range of 2.5 wt% to 15 wt%.
- the coating resin partially remains on the particle surface after long-term use, and the deterioration of the charging characteristics is suppressed.
- the charging performance can be stably maintained.
- Example 2 is a SEM photograph of ferrite particles of Example 1. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the average particle diameter of Sr ferrite particle, and the unevenness
- the ferrite particles according to the present invention will be described.
- One of the major features of the ferrite particles according to the present invention is that the degree of unevenness on the particle surface is in the range of 2.5 ⁇ m to 4.5 ⁇ m.
- the coating resin for the recesses does not wear even after long-term use, and therefore, a decrease in charging characteristics can be suppressed.
- the unevenness of the particle surface is less than 2.5 ⁇ m, the coating resin wears uniformly throughout, while when the unevenness of the particle surface exceeds 4.5 ⁇ m, the fluidity of the ferrite particles is extremely deteriorated.
- the charging characteristics of the toner are reduced.
- a more preferable range of the unevenness of the particle surface is 3.1 ⁇ m to 4.5 ⁇ m.
- the standard deviation of the size of the grains appearing on the particle surface is in the range of 1.5 ⁇ m to 3.5 ⁇ m.
- the grain size varies to some extent to prevent uniform wear of the coating resin on the ferrite particle surface when the particle surface is coated with a resin in combination with the degree of unevenness of the particle surface.
- the coating resin remains in the recesses, and a reduction in charging characteristics can be suppressed.
- the Sr ferrite particle is used as a raw material of the ferrite particle, and the average particle diameter of the Sr ferrite particle is adjusted. It is important to.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the average particle diameter of the Sr ferrite particles and the degree of unevenness on the surface of the ferrite particles.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the average particle diameter of the Sr ferrite particles and the standard deviation of the grain size appearing on the ferrite particle surface.
- the average particle diameter of the Sr ferrite particles used as the raw material is approximately proportional to the degree of unevenness on the surface of the ferrite particles, and can be obtained by increasing the average particle diameter of the Sr ferrite particles as the raw material. The degree of unevenness on the surface of the ferrite particles increases. Further, as understood from FIG. 3, the average particle diameter of the Sr ferrite particles used as the raw material is approximately proportional to the standard deviation of the grain size appearing on the surface of the ferrite particles. When the average particle diameter of the ferrite particles is increased, the standard deviation of the size of the grains appearing on the surface of the ferrite particles also increases.
- the unevenness of the surface of the obtained ferrite particles and the variation of grains appearing on the surface of the ferrite particles are increased because the Sr ferrite as the raw material is used as a seed crystal in the longitudinal direction. It is presumed that the crystal growth is promoted, and as a result, the unevenness of the surface of the obtained ferrite particles and the variation of the grains appearing on the surface of the ferrite particles are increased.
- the average particle size of the Sr ferrite particles used as the raw material is in the range of 1.0 ⁇ m to 4.5 ⁇ m. More preferably, it is in the range of 1.0 ⁇ m to 3.5 ⁇ m. By setting the average particle diameter of the Sr ferrite particles within this range, the unevenness of the surface of the obtained ferrite particles and the standard deviation of the grain size are likely to be within the specified range of the present invention.
- the main phase is Mn ferrite, desired magnetic characteristics and electrical resistance can be easily obtained.
- the volume average particle diameter of the ferrite particles according to the present invention is preferably in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the volume average particle diameter is 10 ⁇ m or more, the necessary magnetic force is reliably imparted to each of the particles.
- carrier adhesion to the photoreceptor is suppressed. Become so.
- the volume average particle diameter is 100 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to maintain good image characteristics.
- classification may be performed using a sieve or the like during the manufacturing process of the ferrite particles or after the manufacturing process.
- the particle size distribution is preferably sharp.
- the apparent density of the ferrite particles according to the present invention is preferably 2.5 g / cm 3 or less.
- the apparent density is 2.5 g / cm 3 or less, for example, when ferrite particles are used as the carrier core material, the stirring power of the developer containing the carrier can be reduced.
- the magnetization ⁇ 1k of the ferrite particles according to the present invention in an external magnetic field of 79.58 ⁇ 10 3 A / m (1000 oersted) is preferably in the range of 50 A ⁇ m 2 / kg to 60 A ⁇ m 2 / kg.
- the ferrite particles of the present invention can be used in various applications, for example, electrophotographic developer carriers, electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, electromagnetic shielding material powders, rubber, fillers / reinforcing materials for plastics, paints, paints / adhesives It can be used as a matting material, filler, reinforcing material and the like. Among these, it is particularly preferably used as a carrier for electrophotographic development.
- the manufacturing method of the ferrite particles of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the manufacturing method described below is preferable.
- an Fe raw material, an Mn raw material, and Sr ferrite particles are weighed, put into a dispersion medium, and mixed to prepare a slurry.
- Fe raw material Fe 2 O 3 powder, Fe oxide, Fe hydroxide and the like can be used, and as the Mn raw material, MnFe 2 O 4 calcined powder, Mn oxide, Mn hydroxide and the like can be used.
- the solid content concentration of the slurry is desirably in the range of 50 to 90 wt%.
- the addition amount of Sr ferrite particles is preferably in the range of 2.5 wt% to 15 wt%.
- the average particle diameter of the Sr ferrite particles is in the range of 1.0 ⁇ m to 4.5 ⁇ m as described above.
- the raw materials Fe raw material and Mn raw material may be pulverized and mixed and pre-fired.
- a wet / dry pulverization treatment may be performed as necessary.
- Water is suitable as the dispersion medium used in the present invention.
- a binder, a dispersing agent, a reducing agent, and the like may be blended in the dispersion medium as necessary.
- polyvinyl alcohol can be suitably used as the binder.
- the binder content is preferably about 0.5 to 2 wt% in the slurry.
- a dispersing agent polycarboxylate ammonium etc. can be used conveniently, for example.
- the blending amount of the dispersant is preferably about 0.5 to 2 wt% in the slurry.
- the slurry produced as described above is wet-pulverized as necessary.
- wet grinding is performed for a predetermined time using a ball mill or a vibration mill.
- the average particle diameter of the raw material after pulverization is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the vibration mill or ball mill preferably contains a medium having a predetermined particle diameter.
- the material of the media include iron-based chromium steel and oxide-based zirconia, titania, and alumina.
- any of a continuous type and a batch type may be sufficient.
- the average particle size of the pulverized product is adjusted depending on the pulverization time and rotation speed, the material and particle size of the media used, and the like.
- the pulverized slurry is spray-dried and granulated.
- the slurry is introduced into a spray dryer such as a spray dryer, and granulated into a spherical shape by spraying into the atmosphere.
- the atmospheric temperature during spray drying is preferably in the range of 100 to 300 ° C.
- a spherical granulated product having an average particle size of 10 to 200 ⁇ m is obtained.
- the obtained granulated product has a sharp particle size distribution by removing coarse particles and fine powder using a vibration sieve or the like.
- the firing temperature and firing atmosphere may be set within the temperature range and oxygen concentration range at which the target magnetic phase is produced.
- oxygen Baking is preferably performed in a concentration range of 100 to 20000 ppm. More preferably, heating is performed in a temperature range of 1000 ° C. to 1300 ° C. in an oxygen concentration range of 100 to 6000 ppm, and cooling is performed in an oxygen concentration range of 5000 to 20000 ppm.
- the firing time is preferably in the range of 1 to 6 hours, more preferably in the range of 1 to 3 hours. Then, the ferrite particles are gradually cooled from the firing temperature to room temperature.
- the ferrite particles are fixed to each other, they are pulverized as necessary.
- the ferrite particles are pulverized by a hammer mill or the like.
- the form of the granulation step may be either a continuous type or a batch type.
- classification may be performed in order to make the particle size in a predetermined range.
- a classification method a conventionally known method such as air classification or sieve classification can be used.
- the particle size may be aligned within a predetermined range with a vibration sieve or an ultrasonic sieve.
- the ferrite particles after classification may be heated in an oxidizing atmosphere to form an oxide film on the particle surface to increase the resistance.
- the oxidizing atmosphere may be either an air atmosphere or a mixed atmosphere of oxygen and nitrogen, and is preferably an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 10% to 100%.
- the heating temperature is preferably in the range of 200 ° C. to 700 ° C., more preferably in the range of 250 ° C. to 600 ° C.
- the heating time is preferably in the range of 0.5 hours to 20 hours.
- the ferrite particles of the present invention produced as described above are used as a carrier for electrophotographic development
- the ferrite particles can be used as they are as a carrier for electrophotographic development.
- resins can be used to coat the surface of the ferrite particles, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, poly-4-methylpentene-1, polyvinylidene chloride, ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene).
- resins polystyrene, (meth) acrylic resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, polyvinyl chloride-based, polyurethane-based, polyester-based, polyamide-based, polybutadiene-based thermoplastic elastomers, fluorine silicone-based resins, and the like.
- a resin solution or dispersion may be applied to the ferrite particles.
- Solvents for the coating solution include aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene; ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; cyclic ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; ethanol, propanol, and butanol Alcohol solvents such as ethyl cellosolve, cellosolve solvents such as butyl cellosolve; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; amide solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, etc. .
- the concentration of the resin component in the coating solution is generally in the range of 0.0010 wt% to 30 wt%, particularly 0.0010 wt% to 2 wt
- a spray drying method for example, a fluidized bed method, a spray drying method using a fluidized bed, an immersion method, or the like can be used.
- the fluidized bed method is particularly preferable in that it can be efficiently applied with a small amount of resin.
- the resin coating amount can be adjusted by the amount of resin solution sprayed and the spraying time.
- the electrophotographic developer according to the present invention is obtained by mixing the carrier and toner prepared as described above.
- the mixing ratio of the carrier and the toner is not particularly limited, and may be determined as appropriate based on the developing conditions of the developing device to be used.
- the toner concentration in the developer is preferably in the range of 1 wt% to 20 wt%.
- the toner density is less than 1 wt%, the image density becomes too low, and when the toner density exceeds 20 wt%, the toner scatters in the developing device, and the toner adheres to the background portion such as internal dirt or transfer paper. This is because there is a risk of occurrence.
- a more preferable toner concentration is in the range of 3 wt% to 15 wt%.
- a conventionally known mixing device can be used for mixing the carrier and the toner.
- a Henschel mixer, a V-type mixer, a tumbler mixer, a hybridizer, or the like can be used.
- Example 1 A mixture of Fe 2 O 3 (average particle size: 0.6 ⁇ m) at 71.7 wt% and Mn 3 O 4 (average particle size: 2 ⁇ m) at 28.3 wt% was mixed in the atmosphere at 900 ° C. for 2 hours.
- a calcined powder was obtained by heating. 20.0 kg of this calcined powder and 1.1 kg of Sr ferrite (average particle size: 1.2 ⁇ m) are dispersed in 7.0 kg of water, 239 g of an ammonium polycarboxylate dispersant as a dispersant, and carbon as a reducing agent. 60.2 g of black was added and pulverized by a wet ball mill (media diameter 2 mm) to obtain a mixed slurry.
- This slurry was sprayed into hot air at about 130 ° C. with a spray dryer to obtain dry granulated powder. At this time, granulated powder other than the target particle size distribution was removed by sieving. This granulated powder was put into an electric furnace and fired at 1110 ° C. for 3 hours. In this firing step, heating was performed in an atmosphere in an electric furnace having an oxygen concentration of 5000 ppm, and cooling was performed in an atmosphere in the electric furnace having an oxygen concentration of 15000 ppm. The obtained fired product was classified using a sieve after pulverization to an average particle size of 35 ⁇ m. Further, the obtained fired product was subjected to a high resistance treatment by being held at 440 ° C.
- the composition, physical properties, magnetic properties, electrical properties, and mechanical properties of the obtained ferrite particles were measured by the following methods. The measurement results are shown in Table 2. Moreover, the SEM photograph of a ferrite particle is shown in FIG. In the obtained ferrite particles, the so-called x value indicating the manganese composition ratio was 0.8, and the 3-x value indicating the iron composition ratio was 2.2.
- curvature correction (inclination correction, spherical correction (automatic)) is executed by designating a 20 ⁇ m square area around the particle top to be analyzed. Then, the vicinity of the center of the particle top to be analyzed (particle top) ⁇ 10 ⁇ m (inside the inscribed circle) is designated as a measurement area, and cutoff ( ⁇ s 0.25 ⁇ m, ⁇ c 0.08 mm) is performed. Thereafter, data was output and the Rz value for each particle was measured as the degree of unevenness. In addition, in order to consider the dispersion
- A The median value of the light amount range is used as a reference plane, and the bottom surface (width) of the mountain beyond the reference plane is measured.
- B The standard deviation is calculated for the measured widths (SD for each line).
- the average of the SD values of each line for 10 lines is taken as the SD of each particle.
- 100 particles are measured, and the average value is defined as the crystal size variation ⁇ described in the table.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of calculating the standard deviation ⁇ of the grain size on the particle surface.
- VSM vibrating sample magnetometer
- BET specific surface area Using a BET single-point method specific surface area measuring apparatus (“Macsorb HM model-1208”, manufactured by Mountec Co., Ltd.), a cell having a volume of 5 mL was filled with a sample of 8.500 g, and deaerated at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes for measurement.
- Macsorb HM model-1208 manufactured by Mountec Co., Ltd.
- the charge amount of the carrier in which the surface of the ferrite particle was coated with a resin was measured in the same manner as the charge amount of the ferrite particle. Note that the measurement was performed in an atmosphere at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 50% RH.
- the average particle diameters of the ferrite particles and Sr ferrite particles were measured using “Microtrack Model 9320-X100” manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.
- a silicone resin (SR2411 manufactured by Toray Dow Corning) was dissolved in toluene to prepare a coating resin solution. Then, the ferrite particles and the resin solution were charged into a stirrer at a weight ratio of 9: 1, and heated and stirred at a temperature of 150 ° C. to 250 ° C. for 3 hours. Subsequently, it put into the hot-air circulation type heating apparatus, it heated at the temperature of 250 degreeC for 5 hours, the coating resin layer was hardened, and the carrier was produced. 95 parts by weight of the carrier and 5 parts by weight of toner having an average particle size of about 5 ⁇ m were mixed for a predetermined time using a pot mill to prepare an electrophotographic developer.
- This two-component electrophotographic developer was put into an evaluation machine equivalent to a 60 cpm digital reversal developing system, and after initial image formation of 100k sheets and 200k sheets, the image was evaluated visually according to the following criteria.
- Example 2 Ferrite particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Sr ferrite having an average particle diameter of 2.5 ⁇ m was used as a raw material. And the physical property etc. were measured like Example 1. FIG. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 3 Ferrite particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.55 kg of Sr ferrite having an average particle diameter of 2.5 ⁇ m was blended as a raw material so that the composition was the same as that of the ferrite particles of Example 1. And the physical property etc. were measured like Example 1. FIG. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 4 Ferrite particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2.2 kg of Sr ferrite having an average particle size of 2.5 ⁇ m was blended as a raw material so that the composition was the same as that of the ferrite particles of Example 1. And the physical property etc. were measured like Example 1. FIG. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 1 Ferrite particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 146 g of SrCO3 was blended instead of Sr ferrite particles so that the composition was the same as that of the ferrite particles of Example 1. And the physical property etc. were measured like Example 1. FIG. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 Ferrite particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1.1 kg of Sr ferrite having an average particle size of 5.0 ⁇ m was blended as a raw material so that the composition was the same as that of the ferrite particles of Example 1. And the physical property etc. were measured like Example 1. FIG. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.
- the ferrite particles of Examples 1 to 4 using Sr ferrite particles as raw materials had a grain surface irregularity of 3.1 ⁇ m to 4.5 ⁇ m, and grains of grains appearing on the particle surface.
- the standard deviation ⁇ of the size was 1.5 ⁇ m to 3.3 ⁇ m, and the charge amount and strength were high.
- the ferrite particles of Examples 1 to 4 were coated with a resin and used as a carrier, a decrease in charge amount was suppressed even after printing 200 k sheets, and a good image was obtained.
- the ferrite particles of Comparative Example 1 using SrCO 3 as a raw material have a particle surface irregularity as small as 1.8 ⁇ m, and the standard deviation ⁇ of the size of grains appearing on the particle surface is 4.0 ⁇ m. There was a large variation. Further, the ferrite particles of Comparative Example 2 using Sr ferrite having an average particle diameter of 5.0 ⁇ m as a raw material have a large irregularity on the particle surface of 5.0 ⁇ m, and a standard deviation of the size of the grains appearing on the particle surface. The ⁇ was 5.0 ⁇ m and varied greatly. For this reason, the ferrite particles of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were low in both charge amount and strength.
- the ferrite particles of the present invention are useful because the coating resin on the particle surface partially remains even after long-term use, and the deterioration of charging characteristics is suppressed.
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Abstract
Description
Fe2O3(平均粒径:0.6μm)を71.7wt%、Mn3O4(平均粒径:2μm)を28.3wt%で混合したものを、900℃で2時間、大気中で加熱して仮焼粉を得た。この仮焼粉20.0kgとSrフェライト(平均粒径:1.2μm)1.1kgとを水7.0kg中に分散し、分散剤としてポリカルボン酸アンモニウム系分散剤を239g、還元剤としてカーボンブラックを60.2g添加し、湿式ボールミル(メディア径2mm)により粉砕処理し、混合スラリーを得た。
このスラリーをスプレードライヤーにて約130℃の熱風中に噴霧し、乾燥造粒粉を得た。なお、このとき、目的の粒度分布以外の造粒粉は、ふるいにより除去した。この造粒粉を、電気炉に投入し、1110℃で3時間焼成した。この焼成工程においては、酸素濃度が5000ppmとなる電気炉内の雰囲気で加熱を行い、酸素濃度が15000ppmとなる電気炉内の雰囲気で冷却を行った。得られた焼成物を解粒後にふるいを用いて分級し、平均粒径35μmとした。
さらに、得られた焼成物に対して、440℃、大気下で1時間保持することにより高抵抗化処理を施しフェライト粒子を得た。
得られたフェライト粒子の組成、物性、磁気特性、電気特性、機械的特性を下記に示す方法で測定した。測定結果を表2に示す。また、図1にフェライト粒子のSEM写真を示す。
なお、得られたフェライト粒子において、マンガン組成比を示す上記したいわゆるxの値は、0.8であり、鉄組成比を示す3-xの値については、2.2であった。得られた結晶相は、MnFe2O4、SrO・nFe2O3(n=0.5~6.5)と考えられる。
キーエンス社製「VK-210、VK-X200」を用いて下記手順で測定した。
1.プレパラート上にカーボーンテープを貼り付け、その上にサンプルを固定する。
2.顕微鏡上に25μmスケールバーを表示させ、倍率3000倍で25μm付近の粒子 を数個、撮影できる視野を探す。
3.その後、明るさを自動設定し、画像を取り込む。取り込んだ画像とプロファイルデー タの両方を確認しながら、水平線プロファイルを手動で引き、粒子径を見積もり、2 5μm付近の粒子を解析する。
(凹凸度)
画像の前処理としてピークノイズの除去(カットレベル;通常)を実施する。次に、解析する粒子トップを中心に20μm平方エリアを指定して曲率補正(傾き補正、球面補正(自動))を実行する。そして、解析する粒子トップの中央付近(粒子トップ)φ10μm(内接円の内側)を測定エリアとして指定し、カットオフ(λs0.25μm、λc0.08mm)を実施する。その後、データを出力して1粒子ごとのRz値を凹凸度として測定した。なお、粒子間のばらつきを考慮するため、100個の粒子を測定し、その平均値を凹凸度とした。
(グレインの大きさの標準偏差)
画像の前処理としてピークノイズの除去(カットレベル;通常)を実施する。次に、解析する粒子トップを中心に20μm平方エリアを指定して曲率補正(傾き補正、球面補正(自動))を実行する。次に、
(1)解析する粒子トップの中央付近(粒子トップ10μm平方エリア)を測定エリアとして、長さ10μmの測定ライン10本を定める。
(2)10本の測定ラインについて、光量値をラインスキャンして測定する(カットオフ(λs0.25μm、λc0.08mm))。
(3)各測定ラインについて、以下の測定計算をする。
A:光量レンジの中央値を基準面とし、基準面を超える部分の山の底面(幅)を測定する。
B:測定された複数の幅の長さについて、標準偏差を算出する(各ラインのSD)。
(4)10本についての各ラインのSDの値の平均値を各粒子のSDとする。
(5)100個の粒子について測定し、その平均値を表に記載した結晶サイズのばらつきσとする。
図4に、粒子表面のグレインの大きさの標準偏差σの算出例を示す。
室温専用振動試料型磁力計(VSM)(東英工業株式会社製、VSM-P7)を用いて、外部磁場0~50000(エルステッド)の範囲で1サイクル連続的に印加して磁化σ1kを測定した。
BET一点法比表面積測定装置(「Macsorb HM model-1208」マウンテック社製)を用いて、サンプル8.500gを容積5mLのセルに充填し、200℃で30分間脱気して測定した。
JIS Z 2504に準拠して測定した。
フェライト粒子9.5g、市販のフルカラー機のトナー0.5gを100mlの栓付きガラス瓶に入れ、25℃、相対湿度50%の環境下で12時間放置して調湿する。調湿したフェライト粒子とトナーを振とう器で30分間振とうし混合する。ここで、振とう器については、株式会社ヤヨイ製のNEW-YS型を用い、200回/分、角度60°で行った。混合したフェライト粒子とトナーを500mg計量し、帯電量測定装置で帯電量を測定した。帯電量測定装置としては、日本パイオテク社製「STC-1-C1型」を用い、吸引圧力5.0kPa、吸引用メッシュはSUS製の795meshを用いた。同一サンプルについて2回の測定を行い、これらの平均値を帯電量とした。帯電量は下記式から算出される。
帯電量(μC/g)=実測電荷(nC)×103×係数(1.0083×10-3)÷トナー重量
(式中、トナー重量=(吸引前重量(g)-吸引後重量(g)))
フェライト粒子の表面を樹脂で被覆したキャリアの帯電量は、フェライト粒子の帯電量と同様にして測定した。なお、測定は温度25℃、湿度50%RHの雰囲気下で行った。
フェライト粒子30gを、サンプルミル(「SK-M10型」協立理工株式会社製)に投入し、回転数14000rpmで60秒間撹拌する。次いで、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(「マイクロトラックModel9320-X100」日機装社製)を用いて、粒径22μm以下の累積粒子頻度を測定する。そして、サンプルミルによる処理前後の、粒径22μm以下の累積粒子頻度の増加率(%)を算出し、粒子強度の指標とした。増加率が小さいほど、粒子の強度は高いこと意味する。
フェライト粒子及びSrフェライト粒子の平均粒径は、日機装社製「マイクロトラック Model9320-X100」を用いて測定した。
シリコーン樹脂(東レダウコーニング社製SR2411)を、トルエンに溶解させてコーティング樹脂溶液を準備した。そして、フェライト粒子と樹脂溶液とを重量比で9:1で撹拌機に装填し、温度150℃~250℃で3時間加熱撹拌した。次いで、熱風循環式加熱装置に投入し温度250℃で5時間加熱を行い、被覆樹脂層を硬化させてキャリアを作製した。
このキャリア95重量部と平均粒径5μm程度のトナー5重量部とを、ポットミルを用いて所定時間混合し電子写真用現像剤を作製した。この二成分系の電子写真用現像剤を、デジタル反転現像方式の60cpm機相当の評価機に投入して、初期、100k枚、200k枚の画像形成の後、目視により下記基準で画像評価した。
◎:試験画像を非常によく再現している。
○:試験画像をほぼ再現している。
△:試験画像をほとんど再現していない。
×:試験画像を全く再現していない。
原料として平均粒径2.5μmのSrフェライトを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてフェライト粒子を得た。そして、実施例1と同様にして物性等を測定した。測定結果を表2に合わせて示す。
実施例1のフェライト粒子と組成が同じになるように、原料として平均粒径2.5μmのSrフェライトを0.55kg配合した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてフェライト粒子を得た。そして、実施例1と同様にして物性等を測定した。測定結果を表2に合わせて示す。
実施例1のフェライト粒子と組成が同じになるように、原料として平均粒径2.5μmのSrフェライトを2.2kg配合した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてフェライト粒子を得た。そして、実施例1と同様にして物性等を測定した。測定結果を表2に合わせて示す。
実施例1のフェライト粒子と組成が同じになるように、Srフェライト粒子に換えてSrCO3を146g配合した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてフェライト粒子を得た。そして、実施例1と同様にして物性等を測定した。測定結果を表2に合わせて示す。
実施例1のフェライト粒子と組成が同じになるように、原料として平均粒径5.0μmのSrフェライトを1.1kg配合した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてフェライト粒子を得た。そして、実施例1と同様にして物性等を測定した。測定結果を表2に合わせて示す。
Claims (5)
- Mnフェライトを主相とし、Srフェライトを含有するフェライト粒子であって、粒子表面の凹凸度が2.5μm~4.5μmの範囲であり、粒子表面に現れているグレインの大きさの標準偏差が1.5μm~3.5μmの範囲であることを特徴とするフェライト粒子。
- 請求項1記載のフェライト粒子の表面を樹脂で被覆したことを特徴とする電子写真現像用キャリア。
- 請求項2記載の電子写真現像用キャリアとトナーとを含む電子写真用現像剤。
- Fe成分原料、Mn成分原料、体積平均粒径が1.0μm~4.5μmのSrフェライト粒子を分散媒中に投入してスラリーを得る工程と、前記スラリーを噴霧乾燥して造粒物を得る工程と、前記造粒物を焼成して焼成物を得る工程とを有することを特徴とするフェライト粒子の製造方法。
- Srフェライト粒子の添加量が2.5wt%~15wt%の範囲である請求項4記載のフェライト粒子の製造方法。
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CN201480018910.0A CN105073644B (zh) | 2013-03-28 | 2014-02-26 | 铁氧体颗粒及使用其的电子照相显影用载体、电子照相用显影剂以及铁氧体颗粒的制造方法 |
US14/773,973 US9507285B2 (en) | 2013-03-28 | 2014-02-26 | Ferrite particles and electrophotographic development carrier using same, electrophotographic developer and method of manufacturing ferrite particles |
KR1020157024631A KR101940594B1 (ko) | 2013-03-28 | 2014-02-26 | 페라이트 입자 및 이것을 사용한 전자 사진 현상용 캐리어, 전자 사진용 현상제 및 페라이트 입자의 제조 방법 |
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JP2014189482A (ja) | 2014-10-06 |
US20160041487A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
CN105073644A (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
JP5735999B2 (ja) | 2015-06-17 |
EP2980023A4 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
CN105073644B (zh) | 2017-04-05 |
US9507285B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 |
EP2980023A1 (en) | 2016-02-03 |
KR101940594B1 (ko) | 2019-01-21 |
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