WO2014056143A1 - 磷酸铁锂材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
磷酸铁锂材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014056143A1 WO2014056143A1 PCT/CN2012/082620 CN2012082620W WO2014056143A1 WO 2014056143 A1 WO2014056143 A1 WO 2014056143A1 CN 2012082620 W CN2012082620 W CN 2012082620W WO 2014056143 A1 WO2014056143 A1 WO 2014056143A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- the invention relates to a lithium iron phosphate material and a preparation method thereof.
- the lithium iron phosphate material provided by the present invention can be used for preparing a positive electrode of a lithium ion battery and any other suitable application of a lithium iron phosphate material.
- lithium ion batteries are widely used in various electronic devices, and can also be used in electric bicycles and electric vehicles.
- the lithium cobalt oxide a positive active material of a conventional lithium ion battery, cannot be applied to an electric vehicle battery due to its high cost and poor safety performance.
- Peridot lithium iron phosphate Padhi et al. first proposed as a positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries in 1997 (eg: 1997, 144, 1188-1194, Journal of The Electrochemical. Society) . Because lithium iron phosphate is environmentally friendly and inexpensive, and the covalent bond of phosphate provides good chemical stability and safety, it has become a promising lithium ion battery cathode material.
- Lithium iron phosphate Theoretical capacity of 170 mAh/g, in its structure, the voltage of Fe3+/Fe2+ relative to metallic lithium is 3.4V This voltage is not so high that the electrolyte is decomposed and not too low to reduce the power density.
- lithium iron phosphate also has disadvantages, its low electron conductivity and slow one-dimensional lithium ion diffusion hinder its high rate charge and discharge (eg: 2004, 7, A131-A134, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters; 2000, 130, 41-52, Solid State Ionics).
- lithium iron phosphate materials with micron-sized spherical particles with nanoporous structure are obtained by novel synthesis methods. (eg: 2011, 133, 2132-2135, Journal of the American Chemical Society; 2011, 4, 885-888, Energy and Environmental Science), lithium iron phosphate materials such as micron-sized spherical particles at home and abroad (such as Chinese patents) CN1021447110A ).
- these methods have certain drawbacks in terms of tap density, conductivity and consistency of materials.
- the present invention provides a novel lithium iron phosphate material and a method of preparing the same.
- Applicants have found that for the preparation of lithium iron phosphate, if a certain amount of citrate-containing substance is added and hydrothermal reaction is carried out by microwave heating, the formation of spherical secondary particles of lithium iron phosphate can be greatly promoted.
- the spherical secondary particles are agglomerated by nanocrystals of lithium iron phosphate, and the spherical particles are independently dispersed.
- the inch is basically uniform and has a high tap density. The method can greatly reduce the production cycle and production cost of the lithium iron phosphate material, and the batch is stable and can be mass-produced.
- the salient characteristics of the spherical lithium iron phosphate material formed by the agglomeration of the nanocrystals provided by the present invention are: first, the composition has an olivine phase structure; and second, the morphology is that the nanocrystal aggregates are aggregated into spherical secondary particles, each of which The spherical secondary particles are independently dispersed and the size is substantially uniform; and third, they have excellent electrochemical charge and discharge performance. Its charge and discharge characteristics are: 0.1C discharge gram capacity is greater than 150mAh / g, 10C discharge gram capacity is greater than 90mAh / g.
- the lithium iron phosphate material provided by the present invention comprises spherical particles, and the electrochemical charge and discharge characteristics thereof are: 0.1 C discharge gram capacity is greater than 150 mAh/g, and 10 C discharge gram capacity is greater than 90 mAh/g.
- the spherical particles are formed by agglomeration of nanocrystals. More preferably, the nanocrystal size is 10-100 nm.
- another feature of the lithium iron phosphate material provided by the present invention has a tap density of 1.1 to 1.5 g/cm 3 . More preferably, the lithium iron phosphate material consists essentially of spherical particles of uniform size and mutually dispersed. The size of the spherical particles is typically from 300 nm to 2 ⁇ m.
- the 'spherical particles' as used in the present invention means that, under the scanning electron microscope, the shape of the lithium iron phosphate material typically tends to be spherical rather than a substantially elliptical or elongated shape or a polygonal shape.
- the lithium iron phosphate material of the present invention comprises spherical particles of uniform size, and the term "uniform size" as used herein means that the particles of the lithium iron phosphate material exhibit a size which is not visible to the naked eye under a scanning electron microscope. difference. More preferably, the lithium iron phosphate material consists essentially of spherical particles of uniform size.
- the lithium iron phosphate material consists essentially of spherical particles of uniform size and mutually dispersed.
- the spherical particles have a size of from 300 nm to 2 ⁇ m; more preferably, the spherical particles have a size of from 1 to 2 ⁇ m, and this size range ensures that the tap density of the material is greater than 1.2 g / cm 3 .
- the lithium iron phosphate material may contain carbon, and the carbon may be uniformly distributed inside the spherical particles, that is, uniformly dispersed around the lithium iron phosphate nanocrystals, and function to agglomerate the nanocrystals into uniform spherical secondary particles; or, in addition to being in a spherical shape
- the surface of the spherical particles may also be distributed with a carbon layer. Applicant found that when When the carbon content is from 4 to 9% by weight, the lithium iron phosphate material has the best electrical conductivity. More preferably, the carbon content is from 5 to 7% by weight.
- a second aspect of the invention provides a method of preparing a lithium iron phosphate material.
- the Applicant has found that for the preparation of lithium iron phosphate, if a certain amount of citrate-containing material is added, the formation of spherical secondary particles of lithium iron phosphate can be greatly promoted, and then water is heated by microwave heating. Thermal reaction, you can get the rule that the field has been eager to get. A uniform lithium iron phosphate spherical secondary particle material having a high tap density. Therefore, provided by the present invention
- the reaction raw material for preparing the lithium iron phosphate material comprises a water-soluble substance containing citrate, a water-soluble substance containing iron, a water-soluble substance containing phosphate, and a water-soluble substance containing lithium.
- the preparation method comprises: subjecting the reaction raw material to a hydrothermal reaction by microwave heating, and then subjecting the reaction product obtained by the hydrothermal reaction to high temperature calcination.
- the Applicant has also found that, by using the method provided by the present invention, not only a conventionally used divalent iron ion compound can be used as a reaction raw material, but also a ferric ion compound can be used as a reaction raw material. Greatly reduce production costs. Therefore, the iron-containing water-soluble substance is a water-soluble substance containing a divalent iron ion, or a water-soluble substance containing a ferric ion, or a water-soluble substance containing both a divalent iron ion and a ferric ion.
- the iron-containing water-soluble substance may be selected from one or more of ferric nitrate, ferric chloride, ferric citrate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous oxalate and ferrous acetate.
- the iron-containing substance is one or more of a substance containing ferric ions, such as iron nitrate, iron chloride, iron citrate or the like.
- the lithium-containing water-soluble substance may be any suitable lithium ion compound such as lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium oxalate, lithium nitrate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium phosphate and lemon.
- the citrate-containing water-soluble substance may be selected from one or more of citric acid, ferric citrate and lithium citrate.
- the water-soluble substance of the phosphate may be selected from one or more of ammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate or phosphoric acid.
- the molar ratio of iron to phosphate is from 0.9 to 1.1:1; the molar ratio of iron to lithium is 0.9 to 1.1:1; the molar ratio of phosphate to lithium is maintained at 0.9 to 1.1:1. More preferably, the molar ratio of iron, phosphate and lithium is 0.95 : 0.95 : 1 .
- the main principle of the preparation method of the present invention is to synthesize iron hydroxyphosphate and its precursor by hydrothermal reaction, and then obtain a lithium iron phosphate material by high-temperature lithiation reaction.
- the starting material contains lithium, iron and phosphorus compounds.
- the lithium-containing compound is uniformly distributed in the iron hydroxyphosphate, and the mixture precursor is subjected to high-temperature lithiation reaction to obtain Lithium iron phosphate material.
- the specific implementation method is as follows:
- the first reaction pathway, the preparation method thereof may include the following steps:
- a water-soluble substance containing iron and a water-soluble substance containing a phosphate in the raw material are respectively disposed in a solution with water.
- Step 1 The obtained iron-containing aqueous solution and the phosphate-containing aqueous solution are uniformly mixed to obtain a raw material liquid phase mixture.
- the raw material ratio is preferably from 0.9 to 1.1 in terms of a molar ratio of iron to phosphate.
- step 3 adding citric acid to the liquid phase mixture obtained in step 2) to adjust the pH of the solution; preferably, adjusting the pH to 3-5.
- step 4 Dissolving the lithium-containing water-soluble substance and water into a solution, and step 4
- the reaction product obtained is uniformly mixed, and the molar ratio of the raw material to the iron and lithium is preferably 0.9 to 1.1.
- step 6) drying the liquid mixture obtained in step 5) to obtain a solid phase material
- the solid phase material obtained in the step 6) is calcined to obtain the lithium iron phosphate material.
- the reaction route is to first dissolve the raw materials containing phosphate, iron ions and citrate in deionized water, uniformly mix, microwave hydrothermal reaction, and the reaction product is dried and passed through X.
- Diffraction analysis which is a substance of iron hydroxyphosphate.
- the product was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and its morphology was spherical.
- the iron hydroxyphosphate synthesized by the reaction is mixed with a substance containing lithium ions, and calcined at a high temperature in a reducing atmosphere to finally form spherical particles of lithium iron phosphate.
- the second reaction pathway, the preparation method thereof can include the following steps:
- a water-soluble substance containing iron, a water-soluble substance containing lithium, and a water-soluble substance containing a phosphate in the raw material are respectively disposed in a solution with water.
- Step 1 The obtained aqueous solution containing iron, lithium and phosphate is uniformly mixed to obtain a raw material liquid phase mixture.
- the molar ratio of iron, phosphate and lithium is preferably 0.95 : 0.95 : 1 .
- step 3 adding citric acid to the liquid phase mixture of the raw material in step 2) to adjust the pH of the solution; preferably, adjusting the pH to 3-5.
- the solid phase material obtained in the step 5) is calcined to obtain the lithium iron phosphate material.
- a raw material containing phosphate, iron, citrate and lithium is dissolved in deionized water, uniformly mixed, and then hydrothermally reacted in a microwave.
- This step of the reaction forms a precursor of a mixture of iron hydroxyphosphate and lithium ion.
- lithium ions can be uniformly distributed on the surface of iron hydroxyphosphate, which can make lithium ions more fully contact with iron hydroxyphosphate, and can form a more pure phase of lithium iron phosphate during calcination. Therefore, the preparation method of the present invention is preferably a second reaction route.
- the water is preferably deionized water.
- the reaction materials include When the two substances of ferric citrate and lithium dihydrogen phosphate are the best, the reaction effect is the best. First of all, the acquisition of these two substances is relatively easy and the production cost is relatively low. Secondly, there is no excess reaction product to be eluted after the reaction of the two reaction materials. For example, when the molar ratio of ferric citrate to lithium dihydrogen phosphate is 1 When it is left and right, iron, phosphate, and lithium eventually form lithium iron phosphate, and citric acid can be used as a carbon source, and carbon can be produced inside the lithium iron phosphate particles to improve conductivity.
- the concentration of ferric citrate is 0.3 ⁇ 5mol/L.
- the concentration of lithium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3 ⁇ 5mol/L, and the reaction effect is better.
- the raw material mixture may be adjusted to have a pH in the range of 3 to 5 with citric acid.
- the preparation method may further include: heating the raw material mixture to promote dissolution of the reaction raw material. .
- the heating temperature is 80 °C.
- the Applicant has found that the technical effect of the present invention can be very easily repeated by means of microwave heating, that is, the lithium iron phosphate material is prepared as spherical secondary particles of uniform size and has a high tap density. For its principle, further research and confirmation is needed.
- the microwave heating temperature is 170 o C or more, and the reaction effect is good. More preferably, the microwave heating temperature is from 170 o C to 250 o C . Most preferably, the microwave heating temperature is 200 o C.
- the reaction time is greatly reduced.
- the hydrothermal reaction of a general heater is employed, and the reaction time required is usually several tens of hours.
- the reaction time can be shortened to tens of minutes, or even About 10 minutes. Therefore, in the method of the present invention, after the reaction temperature reaches the temperature of the microwave heating, the reaction time may be from 10 minutes to 30 minutes. More preferably, the reaction time is 20 Minutes.
- the reaction vessel may be a sealed container, such as a closed pressure vessel, or Continuously open pressure vessels, such as Continuously open tubular pressure reactor.
- a sealed container such as a closed pressure vessel
- Continuously open pressure vessels such as Continuously open tubular pressure reactor.
- microwave heating There is no special requirement for the method of microwave heating used, as long as the reaction vessel can be heated.
- Various existing microwave heating devices can be used, and the shape and structure of the existing microwave heating device can be slightly modified according to practical applications, so that the microwave energy can be efficiently and quickly transferred to the reaction container.
- the microwave hydrothermal reaction When the microwave hydrothermal reaction is completed, it can be The resulting reaction product is dried. Preferably, the drying is carried out under vacuum conditions, and the water is removed by evaporation to avoid the generation of impurities.
- the drying temperature is preferably from 60 to 100 °C. More preferably, the drying temperature is 80 °C.
- the last step is to hydrothermally react to obtain a reaction product for calcination.
- the applicant found out that the calcination temperature was 650. Above °C, the obtained lithium iron phosphate material is ideal. More preferably, the calcination temperature is 650 to 800 °C. Further, the calcination is preferably carried out under a reducing atmosphere.
- the reducing atmosphere may be: at In the hydrogen-argon mixed gas, the mass percentage of hydrogen is 2 to 5%.
- the calcination time is preferably from 1 to 3 hours.
- a carbon-containing substance may be added during calcination to form conductive carbon and uniformly distributed.
- the carbonaceous material may be one or more of sucrose, glucose, citric acid and the like.
- a third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the lithium iron phosphate material of the present invention for preparing a battery positive electrode material.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a battery positive electrode prepared from the lithium iron phosphate material of the present invention.
- the secondary particles of the nanocrystalline lithium iron phosphate material provided by the invention are spherical, and the spheres are independently dispersed, the size is uniform, and the tap density is high.
- Example 1 is an X of a lithium iron phosphate material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a SEM of spherical lithium iron phosphate prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
- the photo in the form of a monodisperse spherical particle, is uniform in size and has a size of about 1 micron.
- Figure 3 is another SEM photograph of a spherical lithium iron phosphate prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, the spherical particles being of a size 20 ⁇ 100nm grains are aggregated.
- Figure 4 is a SEM photograph of a spherical lithium iron phosphate prepared in Example 2 of the present invention, It exhibits a monodisperse spherical particle morphology with uniform size and a size of about 300 nm.
- Fig. 5 is a graph showing charge and discharge curves of a lithium iron phosphate material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention as a positive electrode material.
- Figure 6 is a view of the prepared spherical iron hydroxyphosphate precursor prepared by the embodiment 3 of the present invention. The result of diffraction, in which the peak position of the material is substantially identical to the peak position of the iron hydroxyphosphate of the standard card.
- Figure 7 is a SEM photograph of a spherical precursor of iron hydroxyphosphate prepared in Example 3 of the present invention, wherein the spherical particle size is 1 About micrometers.
- Figure 8 is a SEM photograph of a final spherical lithium iron phosphate prepared in Example 3 of the present invention, in which spherical particles are of a size The crystal grains of 20 to 100 nm are aggregated, and the spherical size is about 1-2 ⁇ m.
- Figure 1 shows the XRD of the prepared lithium iron phosphate material.
- the spectral line in which the peak position of the material is exactly the same as the peak position of the standard card, can prove that the material is a pure phase of lithium iron phosphate and contains a small amount of carbon.
- the synthetic lithium iron phosphate is a monodisperse sphere with a size of about 1 ⁇ m, as shown in Fig. 2. Shown. It can be seen from Fig. 3 that the lithium iron phosphate sphere is formed by self-assembly growth of small crystal grains of 20 to 100 nm.
- the lithium iron phosphate material has been tested to have a tap density of 1.3 g /cm 3 , which is 0.3 g /cm 3 higher than the tap density of the industrial lithium iron phosphate of 0.8 g / cm 3 to 1 g / cm 3 . 0.5 g/cm 3 .
- the lithium iron phosphate material was used as a positive electrode material to detect the charge and discharge of 0.1C, 1C, 5C and 10C at room temperature, as shown in Fig. 5. It can be seen from Fig. 5 that the lithium iron phosphate material is used as a positive electrode material at room temperature.
- the discharge capacities of C, 1C, 5C and 10C are 160 mAh/g, 130 mAh/g, 110 mAh/g and 96 mAh/g, respectively, which is superior to the currently produced lithium iron phosphate materials.
- the prepared lithium iron phosphate material has a monodisperse spherical shape and is uniform in size and size. About 300 nm.
- This embodiment shows that the diameter of the secondary spherical particles of lithium iron phosphate can be adjusted by changing the concentration of the aqueous solution of the raw material, and the obtained particle form is substantially uniform spherical. If the concentration of the aqueous solution of the raw material is configured to be low, spherical secondary particles having a smaller diameter can be obtained. In addition, the diameter of the spherical secondary particles can also be regulated by process parameters such as reaction time and calcination temperature, but the main influencing factor is the concentration of the aqueous solution of the raw material.
- the spherical lithium iron phosphate having such a small diameter has substantially the same electrochemical performance as the lithium iron phosphate material obtained in Example 1, but the tap density is lower than that of the lithium iron phosphate material obtained in Example 1, generally 1.1 g / cm. 3 or so.
- reaction liquid obtained in the step (1) is added to the reaction vessel and sealed, and heated to 200 ° C in the microwave to keep the temperature 20 After a minute, the reaction product was washed by filtration and dried under vacuum at 80 ° C to obtain a precursor.
- Figure 6 shows the X of the precursor obtained in step (2) As a result of the ray diffraction, it can be seen from the line that the peak position of the material is substantially identical to the standard card peak position of the iron hydroxyphosphate, and the product can be proved to be iron hydroxyphosphate.
- the bit indicates that the iron hydroxyphosphate is a self-assembled monodisperse sphere with a uniform size of about 1 micron.
- the final product formed after calcination is a monodisperse sphere with a size of 1-2 microns.
- the applicant's test found that the X-ray diffraction results of the final reaction product formed after calcination are basically equivalent to those in Fig. 1, which proves to be lithium iron phosphate material, but has trace impurities; its tap density is 1.2 ⁇ 1.3g/cm 3 , The electrochemical performance was substantially the same as that of the lithium iron phosphate material obtained in Example 1.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (42)
- 一种磷酸铁锂材料,其特征在于,所述磷酸铁锂材料包含球形颗粒,其电化学充放电特性为:0.1C放电克容量大于150mAh/g,10C放电克容量大于90mAh/g。
- 如权利要求1所述的磷酸铁锂材料,其中,所述球形颗粒是由纳米晶团聚形成的。
- 如权利要求2所述的磷酸铁锂材料,其中,所述纳米晶尺寸为10-100nm。
- 如权利要求1所述的磷酸铁锂材料,其中,所述磷酸铁锂材料的振实密度为1.1~1.5g/cm3。
- 如权利要求1所述的磷酸铁锂材料,其中,所述磷酸铁锂材料基本上由尺寸均一的且相互分散的球形颗粒组成。
- 如权利要求1所述的磷酸铁锂材料,其中,所述球形颗粒的尺寸为300nm至2μm。
- 如权利要求1-6中任一所述的磷酸铁锂材料,其中,所述磷酸铁锂材料还含有碳。
- 如权利要求7所述的磷酸铁锂材料,其中,碳的含量为重量比4~9%。
- 如权利要求7所述的磷酸铁锂材料,其中,所述球形颗粒内部含有均匀分布的碳。
- 如权利要求1-9中任一所述的磷酸铁锂材料的制备方法,其特征在于,制备所述磷酸铁锂材料的反应原料包括含柠檬酸根的水溶性物质、含铁的水溶性物质、含磷酸根的水溶性物质、含锂的水溶性物质,所述制备方法包括:通过微波加热的方式使所述反应原料进行水热反应,然后将所述水热反应得到的反应产物进行高温煅烧。
- 如权利要求10所述的制备方法,其中,所述的含铁的水溶性物质为含二价铁离子的水溶性物质,或含三价铁离子的水溶性物质,或同时含有二价铁离子与三价铁离子的水溶性物质。
- 如权利要求11所述的制备方法,其中,所述的含铁的水溶性物质选自硝酸铁、氯化铁、柠檬酸铁、硫酸亚铁、草酸亚铁和乙酸亚铁中的一种或几种。
- 如权利要求10所述的制备方法,其中,所述的含锂的水溶性物质选自氢氧化锂、碳酸锂、乙酸锂、草酸锂、硝酸锂、磷酸二氢锂、磷酸锂和柠檬酸锂中的一种或几种。
- 如权利要求10所述的制备方法,其中,所述的含柠檬酸根的水溶性物质选自柠檬酸,柠檬酸铁和柠檬酸锂中的一种或几种。
- 如权利要求10所述的制备方法,其中,所述的含磷酸根的水溶性物质选自磷酸铵、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵或磷酸中的一种或几种。
- 如权利要求10所述的制备方法,其中,在所述反应原料中,含铁和磷酸根的摩尔比为0.9~1.1:1。
- 如权利要求10所述的制备方法,其中,在所述反应原料中,含铁和锂的摩尔比为0.9~1.1:1。
- 如权利要求10所述的制备方法,其中,在所述反应原料中,含磷酸根和锂的摩尔比保持为0.9~1.1:1。
- 如权利要求10所述的制备方法,其中,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:1)将所述原材料中含铁的水溶性物质及含磷酸根的水溶性物质,分别与水配置成溶液;2)将步骤1)得到的含铁的水溶液及含磷酸根的水溶液均匀混合,得到原料液相混合物;3)在步骤2)得到的原料液相混合物中加入柠檬酸,调节溶液的pH值;4)将步骤3)得到的原料液相混合物加入反应容器,进行微波加热,反应产物烘干;5)将含锂的水溶性物质与水配置成溶液,与步骤4)中得到反应产物均匀混合;6)将步骤5)中得到液相混合物烘干,得到固相物质;7)将步骤6)中得到的固相物质进行煅烧,得到所述磷酸铁锂材料。
- 如权利要求10所述的制备方法,其中,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:1)将所述原材料中含铁的水溶性物质、含锂的水溶性物质以及含磷酸根的水溶性物质分别与水配置成溶液;2)将步骤1)得到的含铁、锂以及磷酸根的水溶液均匀混合,得到原料液相混合物;3)在步骤2)得到原料液相混合物中加入柠檬酸,调节溶液的pH值;4)将步骤3)所述原料液相混合物加入反应容器,进行微波加热;5)将步骤4)中得到液相混合物烘干,得到固相物质;6)将步骤5)中得到的固相物质进行煅烧,得到所述磷酸铁锂材料。
- 如权利要求19或20所述的制备方法,其中,所述水为去离子水。
- 如权利要求19或20所述的制备方法,其中,所述原材料包括柠檬酸铁和磷酸二氢锂。
- 如权利要求22所述的制备方法,其中,在步骤1)中,配置好的柠檬酸铁溶液的浓度为0.3~5mol/L,磷酸二氢锂溶液的浓度为0.3~5mol/L。
- 如权利要求19或20所述的制备方法,其中,所述的调节溶液的pH值是指:用柠檬酸调节pH值在3~5范围内。
- 如权利要求19或20所述的制备方法,其中,在所述步骤1)中,所述制备方法还包括:加热所述原料混合物来促进所述反应原料的溶解。
- 如权利要求19或20所述的制备方法,其中,所述反应容器为密封容器,或者为连续开放的压力容器。
- 如权利要求19或20所述的制备方法,其中,在所述步骤4)中,微波加热的温度为170 oC以上。
- 如权利要求27所述的制备方法,其中,所述的微波加热的温度为170 oC~250oC。
- 如权利要求28所述的制备方法,其中,所述的微波加热的温度为200oC。
- 如权利要求29所述的制备方法,其中,在所述步骤4)中,当所述反应温度达到所述微波加热的温度以后,反应时间为10~30分钟。
- 如权利要求30所述的制备方法,其中,所述反应时间为20分钟。
- 如权利要求19或20所述的制备方法,其中,所述烘干是指在真空条件下,将水蒸发除去。
- 如权利要求32所述的制备方法,其中,所述烘干的温度为60~100℃。
- 如权利要求19或20所述的制备方法,其中,所述煅烧的温度为650℃以上。
- 如权利要求34所述的制备方法,其中,所述煅烧的温度为650~800℃。
- 如权利要求34所述的制备方法,其中,所述煅烧在还原气氛下进行。
- 如权利要求36所述的制备方法,其中,所述还原气氛是指处于氢氩混合气体中,其中氢的质量百分比为2~5%。
- 如权利要求34所述的制备方法,其中,所述煅烧的时间为1~3小时。
- 如权利要求19或20所述的制备方法,其中,所述制备方法还包括:在所述烘干前,添加含碳的水溶性物质。
- 如权利要求39所述的制备方法,其中,所述的含碳的水溶性物质选自蔗糖、葡萄糖和柠檬酸中的一种或几种。
- 如权利要求10-40所述的制备方法制备得到的磷酸铁锂材料在制备电池正极材料中的应用。
- 一种电池正极,其特征在于,由如权利要求10-40所述的制备方法制备得到的磷酸铁锂材料制备而成。
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