WO2014038587A1 - 半導体装置及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014038587A1 WO2014038587A1 PCT/JP2013/073791 JP2013073791W WO2014038587A1 WO 2014038587 A1 WO2014038587 A1 WO 2014038587A1 JP 2013073791 W JP2013073791 W JP 2013073791W WO 2014038587 A1 WO2014038587 A1 WO 2014038587A1
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- solder
- lead frame
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- pedestal
- connection
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof, for example, a semiconductor power module configured by connecting a semiconductor component to a lead terminal with solder.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a module that employs a structure in which such a chip 1 is cooled from both sides by lead frames 3 and fins 5.
- this heat dissipation method is adopted.
- the module is formed by sealing with a mold resin after soldering and providing a cooling part on the outside thereof.
- the chip When creating a power module as described above, the chip is soldered onto a lead frame made of a material having high thermal conductivity such as Cu, because of high heat dissipation requirements. At this time, when a flat lead frame is connected to both sides of the chip, there is a concern that the solder on one side contacts the solder on the other side and a short circuit occurs.
- FIG. 2 shows an example when a short circuit occurs due to solder.
- Patent Document 3 provides a structure in which a pedestal part and a spacer are separately provided in the solder connection part of the lead frame 3 and soldered to the chip electrode (see FIG. 3). Thereby, it is possible to prevent the solder 2 on both surfaces of the chip 1 from approaching and to prevent a short circuit.
- this pedestal portion 3a is provided separately from the lead frame 3 (the lead frame 3 and the pedestal portion 3a are bonded by the solder 2)
- the solder wettability of the pedestal portion 3a itself is important.
- wetting of the solder 2 occurs on the side surface of the pedestal portion 3a during the solder connection.
- FIG. 4 shows a state in which the solder 2 gets wet.
- the solder 2 at the connecting portion between the lead frame 3 (pedestal portion 3a) / chip 1 is insufficient, and an unconnected portion is generated. Further, the wet solder 2 pulls the chip 1 due to its surface tension, so that the chip 1 is displaced.
- the power module described above has a structure in which the chip 1 is soldered to the lead frame 3 and then sealed with a mold resin.
- This mold resin needs to be securely adhered to the lead frame 3 and the chip 1, and the reliability of the chip 1 can be secured by the adhesion and the life of the solder connection portion can be extended.
- the mold resin is required to have high adhesion. If the adhesiveness is low and the lead frame and the mold resin are peeled off, the peeling may progress and lead to chip destruction. Moreover, there is a concern that the crack propagation speed of the solder connection portion is increased and the fatigue life is decreased.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not disclose an invention that solves these problems.
- Patent Document 3 provides a block (pedestal portion 3a) serving as a spacer between a lead frame 3 and a chip 1 via solder 2 (see FIG. 3). Further, an oxidized surface is formed on the side surface of the block (the pedestal portion 3a) to prevent the solder 2 from getting wet and to improve the adhesion to the mold resin. Further, the lead frame 3 around the spacer (the pedestal portion 3a) is plated with Ni to enhance the adhesion to the mold.
- the spacer (pedestal portion 3a) since the spacer (pedestal portion 3a) is connected to the lead frame 3 by the solder 2, there are disadvantages that the number of solder connection points is increased and the difficulty of the process is increased. Further, since two different treatments of the oxidized surface and Ni plating are performed on the side surface and the peripheral portion of the spacer (the pedestal portion 3a), it is expected that the manufacturing process of the lead frame 3 becomes complicated and expensive.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and prevents solder from wetting up to the side surface of the pedestal part, which is a cause of solder unconnection or chip position shift, and chip breakage or solder life reduction. Therefore, it is possible to provide a highly reliable semiconductor device by preventing the mold resin from being peeled off.
- a semiconductor device includes a semiconductor element, a first lead frame connected to one main surface of the semiconductor element by solder, and a first lead frame connected to the opposite surface of the semiconductor element by solder. 2 lead frames.
- a mold resin is filled between the first lead frame and the second lead frame.
- the second lead frame has a pedestal part formed integrally with the second lead frame, and the pedestal part has a connection surface to be a connection part with the semiconductor element.
- the surface roughness of the part connected with the mold resin of the 2nd lead frame is larger than the surface roughness of the solder contact surface (connection surface) for connecting the semiconductor element in a base part.
- the surface of the portion connected to the mold resin of the second lead frame is roughened by the roughening treatment. Further, the roughness of the portion of the second lead frame connected to the mold resin and the roughness of the portion other than the solder contact surface of the pedestal may be approximately the same.
- the present invention prevents solder from getting wet to the side surface of the pedestal, which is the cause of solder unconnection or chip position shift, and prevents mold resin peeling, which is the cause of chip breakage and solder life reduction.
- a highly reliable semiconductor device can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a basic structure of a semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure for demonstrating a solder connection process. In Example 1, it is a figure which shows the result put together about the sample number in which the malfunction occurred. In Example 2, it is a figure which shows the result put together about the sample number in which the malfunction occurred.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the semiconductor device In the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment, a configuration in which the lead frames 3-1 and 3-2 and the chip 1 are connected by the solder 2 is adopted. In the semiconductor device, a mold resin is filled in a space formed between the chip 1 which is a semiconductor element and the lead frames 3-1 and 3-2.
- the lead frame 3-2 has a pedestal portion (convex portion) 3a formed integrally therewith.
- the pedestal portion 3a is integrally formed with the lead frame 3-2. The manufacturing process of the semiconductor device can be further simplified.
- the surface 6 other than the solder joint surface of the lead frame 3-2 is roughened so that the solder 2 is difficult to get wet in that portion.
- the lead frame 3-1 may be subjected to a roughening process on the region other than the joint portion of the solder 2. By such a roughening process, the area
- the joint portion of the pedestal portion 3a with the solder 2 is not subjected to the roughening treatment, or the roughening treatment makes the degree of roughening smaller than the portion other than the pedestal portion 3a.
- the part connected to the solder for connecting to the semiconductor element in the pedestal part is not roughened, or the degree of roughening is small, so that the wettability of the solder is high.
- the mold resin is filled in the surface of the lead frame 3-2.
- the degree of adhesion can be realized in a balanced manner.
- the roughening process may be performed only on the side surface of the pedestal 3a and not on the other surface of the lead frame 3-2.
- the roughening process performed on the lead frame will be described.
- the roughness of the roughening treatment is preferably about several ⁇ m.
- the roughening treatment is preferably performed chemically by forming irregularities on the surface such as etching, but can also be performed by physically forming irregularities on the surface such as sand blasting. Further, in roughening by chemical unevenness formation, in addition to simple acid etching, blackening reduction treatment or etching using a pitting mask may be used.
- the roughening process is performed on the side surface of the pedestal 3a and the main body of the lead frame 3-2 in the lead frame 3-2 having the pedestal 3a.
- the one lead frame 3-1 that does not include the pedestal portion 3 a may be subjected to a roughening process.
- the lead frame 3-2 is roughened on the portion in contact with the mold resin 4 and partially roughened on the connection surface with the solder 2 so as not to be roughened.
- the entire lead frame 3-2 is roughened, and then the connection surface with the solder 2 is removed by machining such as polishing. It is.
- solder may be connected in advance to the lead frame side before chip connection to the solder connection surface of the lead frame roughened as a whole.
- solder 2 it is necessary to carefully select the solder material, the connection method, and the connection conditions in consideration of the specifications of the chip 1 and the lead frames 3-1 and 3-2.
- solder material general Sn-based solder is suitable. In order to improve wettability, Sn-Ag solder may be used. If loss of Ni metallization of the chip becomes a problem, Sn—Cu based solder may be used.
- solder connection method As for the solder connection method, among the conventional die bonding processes, it is desirable to supply a solder sheet, a solder wire, and a molten solder directly. A method of placing a weight on the chip 1 or the lead frames 3-1 and 3-2 or scrubbing when supplying the chip 1 or the lead frames 3-1 and 3-2 may be added.
- solder connection process (reflow connection process) will be described with reference to FIG.
- the reflow uses a vacuum reflow apparatus.
- the lead frame 3-1 is fixed by a lead frame fixing jig, and the chip 1 and the solder 2 are stacked on the lead frame 3-1. Then, the chip 1 and the solder 2 are fixed with a chip / solder supply jig (see FIG. 6A).
- the surface 6 of the lead frame 3-2 (other than the solder bonding surface of the pedestal 3a) is subjected to a roughening process (not shown).
- the chip / solder supply jig is removed so that the chip 1 and the solder 2 do not move, and a roughened lead frame 3-2 is supplied thereon. And connected to the reflow (see FIG. 6B).
- a hydrogen reducing atmosphere is used during the reflow process, and the atmosphere is replaced before and after heating.
- the temperature rise is started, and connection is made using a temperature profile with a 250 ° C. peak.
- vacuum deaeration is performed to remove voids in the solder. Since the solder 2 is melted by reflow and surface tension works, the shape of the portion of the solder 2 is changed in FIG. 6C.
- the atmosphere is replaced and the reflow connection process is completed (see FIG. 6C).
- connection conditions may be selected from the range from just above the melting point of the solder to be used to about 350 ° C.
- a temperature on the high temperature side is preferable for improving the wettability, and a temperature on the low temperature side is preferable for the disappearance of Ni metallization on the surface of the chip 1.
- the atmosphere at the time of connection is preferably an N 2 atmosphere rather than the atmosphere. Further, in order to improve wettability, a reducing atmosphere such as H 2 or formic acid should be used.
- the pedestal is integrally formed on the lead frame 3-2 (second lead frame) (the separated structure is not connected with solder or the like).
- the surface of the lead frame main body is roughened on the side surface and the portion of the lead frame main body that contacts the mold resin. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the solder from getting wet, which is a cause of solder unconnection or chip displacement.
- the adhesion between the mold resin used for sealing and the lead frame is improved, and it is possible to prevent peeling of the mold resin, which is a cause of chip breakage and a decrease in the solder connection part life. Thereby, the malfunction at the time of solder connection can be reduced, and a highly reliable power module can be obtained.
- Example 1 of the present invention is shown below.
- a Cu lead frame integrally formed with a pedestal was used as a sample.
- Two types of lead frames were used: those having a solid Cu surface without roughening, and those obtained by partially roughening the side surface of the pedestal and the lead frame main body.
- the partial roughening of the lead frame was formed by once roughening the entire lead frame and then removing the roughening of the solder connection surface of the pedestal portion by polishing.
- solder sheet-like Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder was used.
- a vacuum reflow apparatus was used, and the connection was made using a temperature profile with a peak at 250 ° C.
- FIG. 7 shows the result of summarizing these.
- the above-mentioned problem occurs when using a lead frame that has not been subjected to roughening, but no problem occurs when using a lead frame that has been subjected to roughening. It was.
- Example 2 of the present invention is shown below.
- a Cu lead frame integrally formed with a pedestal was used as a sample. Similar to Example 1, two types were used, one in which the side surface of the pedestal and the lead frame body were roughened, and the other in which the surface was not roughened and had a solid Cu surface.
- the lead frame was used for solder connection after masking the solder connection surface and immersing the lead frame in acid to form a partial roughening, and then peeling off the mask.
- As the solder a sheet-like Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder was used.
- a vacuum reflow apparatus was used, and the connection was made using a temperature profile with a peak at 250 ° C.
- FIG. 8 shows the result of putting these together.
- the present invention is considered to be effective for all modules in which both sides of the chip are connected by soldering.
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- Structures Or Materials For Encapsulating Or Coating Semiconductor Devices Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Encapsulation Of And Coatings For Semiconductor Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Die Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図5は、本発明の実施形態による半導体装置の構造を示す図である。
ここで、リードフレーム上に施す粗化処理について説明する。はんだの濡れ性の制御及びモールド樹脂の密着性の要求から、粗化処理の凹凸は数μm程度が望ましい。
はんだ2に関しては、チップ1やリードフレーム3-1及び3-2の仕様を考慮して、はんだ材、接続方法、接続条件を慎重に選定する必要がある。
はんだ材に関しては、一般的なSn系はんだが好適である。濡れ性を向上させる場合には、Sn-Ag系のはんだを用いてもよい。チップのNiメタライズ消失が問題になる場合には、Sn-Cu系のはんだを用いても良い。
はんだ接続方法については、従来技術のダイボンディングプロセスのうち、はんだシート、はんだワイヤ供給、溶融したはんだの直接供給等が望ましい。チップ1あるいはリードフレーム3-1及び3-2上に錘を載せる、チップ1やリードフレーム3-1及び3-2を供給するときにスクラブさせる等の方法を付加しても良い。
接続条件に関しては、採用するはんだの融点直上から350℃程度までの間から選定すればよい。濡れ性を向上させる場合には高温側の温度、チップ1表面のNiメタライズ消失が問題になる場合には低温側の温度が好適である。接続時の雰囲気は、大気中よりもN2雰囲気の方が望ましい。さらに、濡れ性を向上させるためには、H2や蟻酸等の還元雰囲気とすべきである。
上述したような本発明の半導体装置の構造により、リードフレーム3-2(第2のリードフレーム)には台座部が一体的に形成されて(分離したものをはんだ等で接続した構造ではないことを意味する)設けられており、かつその側面及びリードフレーム本体のモールド樹脂と接触する部分には表面が粗化されている。このため、はんだの未接続やチップの位置ずれの原因であるはんだの濡れ上がりを防止することが可能である。また、その後封止に用いるモールド樹脂とリードフレームの密着性が向上し、チップ破壊やはんだ接続部寿命低下の原因であるモールド樹脂の剥離を防止することが可能である。これにより、はんだ接続時の不具合を低減し、かつ高信頼なパワーモジュールを得ることができる。
本発明の実施例1を以下に示す。ここでは、サンプルとして台座部を一体形成したCuリードフレームを用いた。リードフレームは、粗化の無いCu無垢表面を有しているもの、及び台座部側面及びリードフレーム本体に部分的に粗化を施したもの、の2種類を用いた。
本発明の実施例2を以下に示す。実施例1と同様、サンプルとして台座部を一体形成したCuリードフレームを用いた。実施例1と同様、台座部側面及びリードフレーム本体に粗化を施したもの、及びそれぞれ粗化がなくCu無垢表面を有しているものの2種類を用いた。リードフレームは、はんだ接続面をマスクした後リードフレームを酸に浸漬して部分的な粗化を形成し、その後マスクを剥離させてはんだ接続に用いた。はんだはシート状のSn3Ag0.5Cuはんだを用いた。リフローは真空リフロー装置を用い、250℃ピークの温度プロファイルを用いて接続した。
2・・・はんだ
3・・・リードフレーム
3a・・・リード台座部(台座部)
4・・・モールド樹脂
5・・・CAN状冷却フィン
6・・・粗化処理部分
Claims (6)
- 半導体素子と、
前記半導体素子の一主面にはんだにより接続された第1のリードフレームと、
前記半導体素子の反対面にはんだにより接続された第2のリードフレームと、を有し、
前記第1のリードフレームと第2のリードフレームとの間には、モールド樹脂が充填されており、
前記第2のリードフレームは、当該第2のリードフレームと一体形成され、前記半導体素子との接続部分となる台座部を有し、
前記台座部における前記半導体素子を接続するはんだ接触面以外の部分の表面粗さは、前記台座部における前記半導体素子を接続するはんだ接触面の表面粗さよりも大きいことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記台座部おける、前記半導体素子を接続するはんだ接触面と当該はんだ接触面以外の部分の表面とは、同材質であることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第2のリードフレームの前記台座部における前記半導体素子を接続するはんだ接触面以外の部分には、粗化処理が施されていることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第2のリードフレームの前記モールド樹脂と接続される部分の粗さと前記台座部の前記はんだ接触面以外の部分の粗さは同程度であることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 第1のリードフレーム上に、半導体素子の接続面をはんだで挟んで位置決めする第1の工程と、
台座部が一体形成されたリードフレームであって、前記台座部の表面のうちはんだとの接続面以外の部分が前記台座部のはんだとの接触面よりも粗い第2のリードフレームの前記台座部を、前記第1の工程で前記半導体素子を挟んだはんだのうち前記第1のリードフレームに接続されたはんだとは異なるはんだの接触面に位置決めする第2の工程と、
前記第2の工程後に、位置決めされた前記第1及び第2のリードフレームをスクラブさせて、前記第1及び第2のリードフレームと前記半導体素子を接続する第3の工程と、
前記第1のリードフレームと前記第2のリードフレームとの間の空間にモールド樹脂を充填する第4の工程と、
を有することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項5において、
前記第2のリードフレームの前記モールド樹脂と接続される部分の粗さと前記台座部の前記はんだ接触面以外の部分の粗さを同程度とすることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
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| JP2014534387A JP6483440B2 (ja) | 2012-09-07 | 2013-09-04 | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
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| WO2020166255A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-13 | 2020-08-20 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
| JP2021009973A (ja) * | 2019-07-03 | 2021-01-28 | Shプレシジョン株式会社 | リードフレームおよびリードフレームの製造方法 |
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| JP6696480B2 (ja) | 2017-03-22 | 2020-05-20 | 株式会社デンソー | 半導体装置 |
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| CN104603937B (zh) | 2018-03-20 |
| US20150294927A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
| CN104603937A (zh) | 2015-05-06 |
| US9530722B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
| JPWO2014038587A1 (ja) | 2016-08-12 |
| DE112013003902B4 (de) | 2022-05-12 |
| DE112013003902T8 (de) | 2015-05-07 |
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| JP6483440B2 (ja) | 2019-03-13 |
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