WO2014030651A1 - 真空断熱材の製造方法および真空断熱材 - Google Patents
真空断熱材の製造方法および真空断熱材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014030651A1 WO2014030651A1 PCT/JP2013/072205 JP2013072205W WO2014030651A1 WO 2014030651 A1 WO2014030651 A1 WO 2014030651A1 JP 2013072205 W JP2013072205 W JP 2013072205W WO 2014030651 A1 WO2014030651 A1 WO 2014030651A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- heat insulating
- insulating material
- vacuum heat
- fumed silica
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 238
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- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/304—Insulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
- B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23—Sheet including cover or casing
- Y10T428/231—Filled with gas other than air; or under vacuum
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a vacuum heat insulating material and a vacuum heat insulating material.
- heat insulating materials are widely used in order to reduce heating and cooling energy by increasing heat insulation of houses, buildings, etc., heat insulation and heat insulation in automobile doors and roofs.
- the heat insulating material for example, a foamed body such as urethane foam is known.
- a foamed body such as urethane foam
- a vacuum heat insulating material in which a powder material such as pearlite or silica or a fiber material such as glass fiber is enclosed in a jacket material under reduced pressure is also known (see Patent Documents 1 to 6).
- a vacuum heat insulating material using a powder material the powder material is likely to be scattered when sealed under reduced pressure.
- the vacuum heat insulating material using a fiber material needs to be sealed under reduced pressure in a high vacuum (10 Pa or less) compared to the case of using a powder material. . Therefore, when the vacuum degree of a vacuum heat insulating material falls due to deterioration over time, there is a problem that the heat insulating property is drastically lowered and the life is short. Moreover, the vacuum heat insulating material using a fiber material can manufacture only a plate-shaped heat insulating material, and the freedom degree of the shape of a heat insulating material is low.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a vacuum heat insulating material, which has a high degree of freedom in the shape of the heat insulating material, can stably obtain excellent heat insulating properties, and can produce a long-life vacuum heat insulating material.
- the present invention provides a vacuum heat insulating material that has a high degree of freedom in the shape of the heat insulating material, stably obtains excellent heat insulating properties, and has a long life.
- the manufacturing method of the vacuum heat insulating material of this invention is a method which has the following process (I) and process (II).
- (I) A step of forming a molded body by pressurizing a core material containing fumed silica (A ′) with a binder having a binder applied to the surface of fumed silica (A) at a pressure of 1 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or less.
- (II) A step of sealing the molded body under reduced pressure in an airtight outer bag.
- the core in the step (I), is pressed in a state of being housed in an air-permeable inner bag to form the molded body, and in the step (II) The molded body may be sealed under reduced pressure in the outer bag while being stored in the inner bag.
- the core material preferably contains porous silica (B).
- the mass ratio A / B between the fumed silica (A) and the porous silica (B) is preferably 20/80 to 90/10.
- the core material may include at least one additive (C) selected from the group consisting of graphite, carbon black, titanium oxide, and potassium titanate.
- the binder is preferably an inorganic binder.
- the vacuum heat insulating material of the present invention includes an outer bag having airtightness, and a molded body in which a core material including a fumed silica (A ′) with a binder to which a binder is applied on the surface of the fumed silica (A) is molded. , And the molded body is sealed in the outer bag under reduced pressure. Furthermore, it is preferable that the vacuum heat insulating material of the present invention has an air-permeable inner bag, and the molded body is enclosed in the outer bag under reduced pressure in a state of being housed in the inner bag.
- a high degree of freedom in the shape of the heat insulating material, excellent heat insulating properties can be stably obtained, and a long-life vacuum heat insulating material can be manufactured.
- the vacuum heat insulating material of the present invention has a high degree of freedom in the shape of the heat insulating material, and excellent heat insulating properties can be stably obtained and has a long life.
- ⁇ Method for manufacturing vacuum heat insulating material> As a manufacturing method of the vacuum heat insulating material of this invention, the following two types of methods ((alpha)) and ((beta)) are mentioned by the presence or absence of the use of an inner bag.
- ( ⁇ ) A method in which a core is pressed as it is to form a molded body, and the molded body is sealed as it is in an outer bag.
- ( ⁇ ) A method in which a core is pressed in a state of being housed in an inner bag to form a molded body, and the molded body is sealed in an outer bag in a state of being housed in the inner bag.
- the method ( ⁇ ) has the following step (I-1) and step (II-1) in this order.
- I-1 As shown in FIG. 1, a core material 10 containing a fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder having a binder applied to the surface of the fumed silica (A) is left in a state of 1 ⁇ 10 A step of forming the molded body 12 by applying pressure at a pressure of 6 Pa or less.
- II-1) A step of obtaining the vacuum heat insulating material 1 by sealing the molded body 12 under reduced pressure in the outer bag 14 as it is, as shown in FIG.
- the core material 10 includes a fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder in which a binder is applied to the surface of the fumed silica (A).
- the core material 10 may be composed only of fumed silica (A ′) 10 a with a binder, and fumed silica (A ′) 10 a with a binder and a porous material as shown in FIG. 4. It may consist of a mixture of silica (B) 10b. It is preferable that the core material 10 contains the fumed silica (A ') 10a with a binder and the porous silica (B) 10b from the point from which the more excellent heat insulation is acquired.
- the fumed silica (A) used for the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with binder is silica fine particles composed of primary particles that are amorphous and spherical and have no pores. Fumed silica (A) can be obtained, for example, by vaporizing silicon tetrachloride and performing a gas phase reaction in a high-temperature hydrogen flame.
- fumed silica (A) is an extremely fine powder, a specific surface area is usually used as an index representing the particle size.
- the specific surface area of the fumed silica (A) is preferably 50 ⁇ 400m 2 / g, more preferably 100 ⁇ 350m 2 / g, particularly preferably 200 ⁇ 300m 2 / g. If the specific surface area of fumed silica (A) is more than a lower limit, the outstanding heat insulation property will be easy to be obtained. If the specific surface area of the fumed silica (A) is below the upper limit value, it is easy to attach a binder to the surface of the particles, and the fumed silica (A ′) with the binder will be scattered when sealed under reduced pressure in the step (II-1). Easy to suppress.
- the specific surface area in the present invention is measured by a nitrogen adsorption method (BET method).
- fumed silica (A) examples include, for example, Aerosil 200 (primary average particle size: 12 nm, specific surface area: 200 m 2 / g, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.), Aerosil 300 (primary average particle size: 7 nm, ratio) Surface area: 300 m 2 / g, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.). Fumed silica (A) may use only 1 type and may use it in combination of 2 or more type.
- the binder may be an organic binder or an inorganic binder.
- an inorganic binder is preferable from the point that heat conductivity is low and it becomes easy to obtain the outstanding heat insulation.
- Preferred examples of the inorganic binder include one selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate, aluminum phosphate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, and the like. Among these, sodium silicate is particularly preferable from the viewpoint that excellent heat insulating properties can be easily obtained.
- a binder may use only 1 type and may use it in combination of 2 or more type.
- the method for producing the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of applying a binder liquid to the fumed silica (A). After the binder liquid is applied to fumed silica (A), it may be mixed with a blender or the like. Examples of the method for applying the binder liquid include spray coating.
- the solvent of the binder liquid applied to the fumed silica (A) may be volatilized before molding. Thereby, the adhesive force of the binder which exists in the surface of fumed silica (A ') 10a with a binder expresses favorably.
- the solvent may be volatilized by heating. It does not specifically limit as a solvent used for a binder liquid, For example, water, ethanol, etc. are mentioned.
- the binder ratio in the binder liquid is preferably 3 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 4 to 20% by mass. If the ratio of the said binder is in the said range, provision of the binder to fumed silica (A) will become easy.
- the binder liquid water glass which is an aqueous solution of sodium silicate is particularly preferable.
- the core material preferably contains porous silica (B) in fumed silica (A) for the reason described later. When porous silica (B) is contained, the binder liquid is sodium silicate. Water glass that is an aqueous solution is particularly preferred.
- the ratio of the binder in the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with the binder is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 2 to 20% by mass when the fumed silica (A ′) with the binder is 100% by mass. Preferably, 3 to 15% by mass is particularly preferable. Further, the ratio of the binder in the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with the binder is 1 to 30% by mass when the total of the fumed silica (A), the porous silica (B) and the binder is 100% by mass. Is preferable, 2 to 20% by mass is more preferable, and 3 to 15% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the ratio of the said binder is more than a lower limit, since a molded object can be shape
- the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder only one type may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the specific surface area of porous silica (B) 10b is preferably 100 ⁇ 800m 2 / g, more preferably 200 ⁇ 750m 2 / g, particularly preferably 300 ⁇ 700m 2 / g. If the specific surface area of the porous silica (B) 10b is at least the lower limit value, excellent heat insulating properties can be easily obtained. If the specific surface area of the porous silica (B) 10b is not more than the upper limit value, the amount of the binder absorbed by the porous silica (B) 10b can be reduced. Can be molded. Therefore, the density of a molded object can be made low and the outstanding heat insulation is obtained.
- the porosity of the porous silica (B) 10b is preferably 60 to 90%, more preferably 65 to 85%, and particularly preferably 70 to 80%. If the porosity of the porous silica (B) 10b is equal to or higher than the lower limit value, the heat conduction of the solid can be reduced, so that excellent heat insulation can be easily obtained. When the porosity of the porous silica (B) 10b is not more than the upper limit value, the porous silica particles are hardly crushed when pressure is applied, and excellent heat insulation is easily obtained because the porosity is maintained. The porosity is measured by a nitrogen adsorption method (BET method).
- the average particle diameter of the porous silica (B) 10b is preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 15 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 3 to 10 ⁇ m. If the average particle diameter of the porous silica (B) 10b is not less than the lower limit value, porous silica having a high porosity can be easily obtained, and excellent heat insulating properties can be easily obtained. If the average particle size of the porous silica (B) 10b is less than or equal to the upper limit, the density of the molded body obtained by mixing with the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder does not become too high, and thus excellent heat insulation. It is easy to get sex. The average particle diameter is measured by laser diffraction scattering, electron microscope (SEM) observation, or the like. As the porous silica (B) 10b, only one type may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the content of the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder in the core material (100% by mass) is 16 to 89% by mass. 24 to 79% by mass is more preferable, and 32 to 69% by mass is particularly preferable. If the content is within the above range, excellent heat insulating properties can be obtained.
- the mass of the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with binder and the porous silica (B) 10b are mixed
- the mass of the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with binder and the porous silica (B) 10b The ratio is preferably a mass ratio A / B of fumed silica (A) and porous silica (B) before attaching a binder, preferably 20/80 to 90/10, more preferably 30/70 to 80/20, 40/60 to 70/30 is particularly preferred.
- the mass ratio A / B is in the above range, even if the molded body is molded at a low pressure, the handling property is not impaired by the effect of the binder, and a low-density molded body is obtained. It is done.
- the core material 10 may include at least one additive (C) selected from the group consisting of graphite, carbon black, titanium oxide, and potassium titanate.
- C additive selected from the group consisting of graphite, carbon black, titanium oxide, and potassium titanate.
- the core material 10 includes the additive (C)
- the total content of the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with binder and the porous silica (B) 10b in the core material 10 is 80 ⁇ 99 mass% is preferred, 85 ⁇ 98 mass% is more preferred, and 90 ⁇ 95 mass% is particularly preferred. If the content is within the above range, excellent heat insulating properties can be obtained.
- the content of the additive (C) in the core material 10 (100% by mass) is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 2 to 15% by mass, 5 to 10% by mass is particularly preferable. When the content is within the above range, excellent heat insulating properties are easily obtained.
- the mass ratio C of the additive (C) to the total amount of the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with binder and the porous silica (B) 10b in the core 10 / (A ′ + B) is preferably 0.01 to 0.25, more preferably 0.02 to 0.18, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.11. When the mass ratio C / (A ′ + B) is within the above range, excellent heat insulating properties are easily obtained.
- the porous silica (B) 10b and the additive (C) to be used as necessary for example, a V-type mixer, equipped with a stirrer
- the method of using a blender etc. is mentioned.
- the method of using a high-speed stirring apparatus like a blender with a stirrer is preferable.
- the porous silica (B) 10b may be mixed before the binder is applied to the surface of the fumed silica (A).
- the binder is added to the surface of the fumed silica (A) and the fumed with the binder is added.
- silica (A ′) 10a It is preferable to carry out after obtaining silica (A ′) 10a. Thereby, a binder is absorbed by porous silica (B) 10b, and it can suppress that a binder is wasted. Moreover, it can also suppress that the porosity of porous silica (B) 10b falls.
- Mixing of the additive (C) may be performed after a binder is applied to the surface of the fumed silica (A) to obtain the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder, and the binder is added to the fumed silica (A). You may carry out before giving.
- the method for molding the core material 10 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a mold. Specifically, there is a method in which the core material 10 is directly put into a mold without being stored in the inner bag.
- the pressure applied when the core material 10 is molded is 1 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or less.
- the core materials 10 are bonded to each other by the adhesive force of the binder existing on the surface of the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with the binder, even under a pressure of 1 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or less.
- a molded body 12 having sufficient strength is obtained.
- the density of the core material 10 in the molded object 12 formed becomes high by shape
- the lower limit of the pressure when the core material 10 is pressure-molded is 0.5 ⁇ 10 5 Pa from the point that a molded body having a high strength and a shape that does not easily collapse is obtained, and the core material is less likely to scatter when sealed under reduced pressure. Is preferred.
- the core material 10 is pressure-molded to obtain the molded body 12, it is preferable to dry the molded body 12.
- the core materials 10 are more favorably bonded to each other by the binder present on the surface of the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with the binder.
- Examples of the method of drying the molded body 12 include a method of heating with a constant temperature dryer, an electric furnace, or the like.
- the drying temperature is preferably 80 to 150 ° C, more preferably 100 to 120 ° C.
- the drying time varies depending on the drying temperature, but is preferably 12 to 120 hours, more preferably 24 to 60 hours.
- the molded body 12 may be heated at a temperature of 200 to 600 ° C. for about 1 to 24 hours after molding. . Thereby, the water
- the molded body 12 obtained in the step (I-1) is stored in the outer bag 14 as it is without being stored in the inner bag, and the molded body 12 is sealed by reducing the pressure inside the outer bag 14.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 1 is obtained by sealing under reduced pressure.
- a method for reducing the pressure inside the outer bag 14 a method usually used in the manufacture of vacuum heat insulating materials can be used.
- the molded body stored in the outer bag 14 that is sealed on the three sides in advance is depressurized in a vacuum chamber with a heat seal function, and after the chamber is depressurized to a predetermined pressure, For example, a method of heat-sealing one open side and vacuum-sealing it can be used.
- the degree of decompression in the outer bag 14 is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 3 Pa or less, and more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 2 Pa or less from the viewpoint that excellent heat insulating properties are obtained and the life of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 becomes long.
- the degree of decompression in the outer bag 14 is preferably 1 Pa or more because it is easy to decompress the inside of the outer bag.
- the outer bag 14 should just be what has airtightness and can shape
- Examples of the outer bag 14 include a bag made of a gas barrier film.
- the gas barrier film a known one used for a vacuum heat insulating material can be used without limitation.
- size and shape of the outer bag 14 are not specifically limited, What is necessary is just to determine suitably according to the magnitude
- an inner bag is used.
- the method ( ⁇ ) has the following step (I-2) and step (II-2) in this order.
- I-2) As shown in FIG. 5, a core material 10 containing a fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder having a binder applied to the surface of the fumed silica (A) is used as an inner bag 16 having air permeability.
- the process of forming the molded object 12 by pressurizing with the pressure of 1 * 10 ⁇ 6 > Pa or less in the state accommodated in the inside.
- FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 A step of obtaining the vacuum heat insulating material 2 by sealing the molded body 12 under reduced pressure in the outer bag 14 while being housed in the inner bag 16 as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 that are the same as those in FIG. 1 and FIG.
- Step (I-2) can be carried out in the same manner as in step (I-1) of method ( ⁇ ) except that inner bag 16 is used, and the preferred embodiment is also the same.
- Step (I-2) can be carried out in the same manner as in step (I-1) of method ( ⁇ ) except that inner bag 16 is used, and the preferred embodiment is also the same.
- the molded body can be easily handled by storing the core material in the inner bag.
- the inner bag 16 in which the core material 10 is stored is put into a mold, whereby the core material 10 is The molded body 12 can be formed by applying pressure in a state of being accommodated in the inner bag 16.
- the inner bag 16 may be any material as long as it has air permeability and can prevent the core material forming the molded body 12 from leaking when sealed under reduced pressure. Examples thereof include bags made of paper, nonwoven fabric, and the like. It is done.
- the size and shape of the inner bag 16 are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined according to the size and shape of the target vacuum heat insulating material 2.
- the pressure applied when the core material 10 is molded is set to 1 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or less. Since the core materials 10 are bonded to each other by the adhesive force of the binder existing on the surface of the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with the binder, the molded body 12 having sufficient strength even under a pressure of 1 ⁇ 10 6 Pa or less. Is obtained.
- the density of the core material 10 in the molded body 12 to be formed is suppressed from becoming too high, and as a result, heat conduction through the core material 10 is suppressed. Reduced and excellent heat insulation is obtained.
- the lower limit of the pressure when the core material 10 is pressure-molded is 0.5 ⁇ 10 5 Pa from the point that a molded body having a high strength and a shape that does not easily collapse is obtained, and the core material is less likely to scatter when sealed under reduced pressure. Is preferred.
- the molded body 12 stored in the inner bag 16 obtained in the step (I-2) is sealed under reduced pressure in the outer bag 14 while being stored in the inner bag 16, and the vacuum heat insulating material 2 is provided. obtain.
- the method for reducing the pressure inside the outer bag 14 may be the same method as described in step (II-1) of method ( ⁇ ).
- a preferred embodiment of the degree of decompression in the outer bag 14 is the same as that in the step (II-1) of the method ( ⁇ ).
- fumed silica (A ') with a binder is used independently by using together fumed silica (A') with a binder and porous silica (B) as a core material.
- the vacuum heat insulating material which shows the further outstanding heat insulation is obtained. This is presumably because the porous silica (B) is porous and the air remaining in the pores is difficult to move.
- the vacuum heat insulating material which does not have an inner bag and the vacuum heat insulating material which has an inner bag are mentioned.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 1 illustrated in FIG. 2 is mentioned, for example.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 1 is a molded body in which an outer bag 14 having airtightness and a core material 10 including a fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder having a binder applied to the surface of the fumed silica (A) are molded. 12 and.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 1 is a heat insulating material in which a molded body 12 is enclosed in an outer bag 14 under reduced pressure.
- the above-mentioned method ((alpha)) is preferable.
- the core material 10 in the molded body 12 of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 may consist only of a fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder, and as shown in FIG. You may consist of a mixture of silica (A ') 10a and porous silica (B) 10b.
- the molded body 12 is preferably a molded body obtained by molding the core material 10 including the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder and the porous silica (B) 10b from the viewpoint that more excellent heat insulating properties can be obtained.
- the molded body 12 of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 is formed by bonding the core materials 10 to each other with a binder of fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder.
- a binder of fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder As shown in FIG. 3, when the core material 10 is made only of fumed silica (A ′) 10 a with a binder, fumed silica (A ′) with a binder is applied to the surface of the fumed silica (A). 10a are bonded to each other.
- FIG. 3 when the core material 10 is made only of fumed silica (A ′) 10 a with a binder, fumed silica (A ′) with a binder is applied to the surface of the fumed silica (A). 10a are bonded to each other.
- the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder and a porous silica (B) 10b are bonded to each other by a binder existing on the surface of the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder. Even if a binder is applied to the porous silica (B), the binder is absorbed by the porous silica (B), so that it is difficult to form a molded body by adhering only to the porous silica (B). .
- the porous silica (B) 10 b is bonded to each other by interposing the fumed silica (A ′) 10 a with a binder.
- the preferred embodiments of the fumed silica (A ′) 10a with binder and the porous silica (B) 10b are the same as the preferred embodiments described in the method ( ⁇ ).
- Preferred embodiments of the content of fumed silica (A ′) 10a with binder in the core material 10 and the mass ratio of fumed silica (A ′) 10a with binder and porous silica (B) 10b are the methods described above. This is the same as the preferred embodiment described in ( ⁇ ).
- the core material 10 in the molded body 12 of the vacuum heat insulating material 1 may include the above-described additive (C). Content of additive (C) when core material 10 includes additive (C), and total amount of fumed silica (A ′) 10a with binder and porous silica (B) 10b in core material 10
- the preferred embodiment of the mass ratio C / (A ′ + B) of the additive (C) to is the same as the preferred embodiment described in the method ( ⁇ ).
- the density of the green body 12 is preferably 0.1 ⁇ 0.5g / cm 3, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ 0.4g / cm 3, more preferably 0.15 ⁇ 0.3g / cm 3. If the density of the molded body 12 is equal to or higher than the lower limit value, the molded body is easy to handle, and the core material forming the molded body is difficult to scatter when sealed under reduced pressure. If the density of the molded body 12 is equal to or lower than the upper limit value, excellent heat insulating properties are easily obtained stably.
- Decompression degree in the outer bag 14 in the vacuum thermal insulating material 1 provides excellent thermal insulation, also from the viewpoint of the life of the vacuum insulation material 1 is prolonged, 1 ⁇ is preferably from 10 3 Pa, 1 ⁇ 10 2 Pa or less Is more preferable.
- the degree of decompression in the outer bag 14 is preferably 1 Pa or more because it is easy to decompress the inside of the outer bag.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 2 illustrated in FIG. 6 is mentioned, for example.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 2 includes an outer bag 14 having airtightness, an inner bag 16 having air permeability, and a fumed silica (A ′) 10a with a binder in which a binder is applied to the surface of the fumed silica (A). And a molded body 12 in which the core material 10 is molded.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 2 is a heat insulating material sealed under reduced pressure in the outer bag 14 in a state where the molded body 12 is housed in the inner bag 16.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 2 is the same as the vacuum heat insulating material 1 except that the molded body 12 is vacuum-sealed in the outer bag 14 in a state of being housed in the inner bag 16.
- the above-described method ( ⁇ ) is preferable.
- the vacuum heat insulating material of the present invention uses a core material containing fumed silica (A ′) with a binder, excellent heat insulating properties can be obtained stably and have a long life.
- the factors for obtaining these effects are as follows. Fumed silica (A) has the property that when it is formed into a molded body, the number of contact points between the particles is small and the thermal conductivity is low compared to other powder materials. Therefore, excellent heat insulation is obtained by using fumed silica (A) as a core material.
- the core material containing the fumed silica with binder (A ′) exhibits the adhesive force of the binder existing on the surface of the fumed silica with binder (A ′).
- the molded body can be sealed in the outer bag in a sufficiently decompressed state while keeping the density of the molded body low. As a result, heat conduction through the core material is further reduced, and more excellent heat insulation is stably obtained.
- the vacuum heat insulating material of this invention uses fumed silica (A ') with a binder independently by using together fumed silica (A') with a binder and porous silica (B) as a core material. Compared to the case, further excellent heat insulation is obtained.
- the vacuum heat insulating material of this invention has a high freedom degree of the shape of a heat insulating material compared with the vacuum heat insulating material using a fiber material.
- Example 1 to 7 are examples, and example 8 is a comparative example.
- Thermal conductivity measurement The thermal conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material obtained in each example was measured with a thermal conductivity measuring device HC-110 (manufactured by Eiko Seiki Co., Ltd.).
- Example 1 (Method ( ⁇ ))
- fumed silica (A) (trade name “Aerosil 200”, primary average particle size: 12 nm, specific surface area: 200 m 2 / g, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.), No. 3 water glass as an inorganic binder
- a binder solution obtained by diluting 6.9 g with 30 g of ion-exchanged water
- the mixture was mixed with a blender to obtain a fumed silica (A ′) with a binder.
- Example 2 (Method ( ⁇ ))
- fumed silica (A) (trade name “Aerosil 300”, primary average particle diameter: 7 nm, specific surface area: 300 m 2 / g, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.), No. 3 water glass as an inorganic binder
- a binder solution obtained by diluting 15.5 g with 75 g of ion exchange water
- the mixture was mixed with a blender to obtain a fumed silica (A ′) with a binder.
- Example 3 (Method ( ⁇ )) 75 g of fumed silica (A ′) with a binder obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was housed in an inner bag made of a nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene terephthalate, and the shape was adjusted, and 0.8 ⁇ 10 5 Pa of the press mold was used. After forming by applying pressure, the plate-shaped formed body of 110 mm long ⁇ 110 mm wide ⁇ 17 mm thick was formed by heating at 120 ° C. for 48 hours. It was 0.3 g / cm 3 when the density of the compact was calculated from the dimensions and mass of the compact.
- a vacuum heat insulating material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the molded body housed in the inner bag was used. That is, the molded body accommodated in the inner bag is accommodated in the outer bag, and the inside of the outer bag is reduced in pressure to 1 ⁇ 10 2 Pa and then sealed, and the vacuum heat insulating material is sealed. Obtained.
- Example 4 (Method ( ⁇ )) Except that the pressure at the time of molding was 0.6 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, a molded body was formed in a state of being housed in the inner bag in the same manner as in Example 3. It was 0.25 g / cm ⁇ 3 > when the density of this molded object was computed from the dimension and mass of the obtained molded object. A vacuum heat insulating material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the molded body housed in the inner bag was used.
- Example 5 (Method ( ⁇ )) 30 g of fumed silica (A) used in Example 1 was spray-coated with a binder solution obtained by diluting 6.9 g of No. 3 water glass as an inorganic binder with 30 g of ion-exchanged water, and fumed silica with a binder (A ') Got.
- porous silica (B) (trade name “Sunsphere H-53”, average particle size: 5 ⁇ m, porosity: 80%, specific surface area: 700 m 2 / g, manufactured by AGC S-Tech Co., Ltd.)
- a core material composed of a mixed powder of silica (the mass ratio A / B of fumed silica (A) and porous silica (B) in the core material composed of the mixed powder is 50/50) is there.).
- a plate-like molded body housed in an inner bag was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3.
- a vacuum heat insulating material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the molded body housed in the inner bag was used.
- Example 6 (Method ( ⁇ )) Fumed silica (A ′) with a binder obtained by spray-coating a binder solution prepared by diluting 6.9 g of No. 3 water glass as an inorganic binder with 30 g of ion-exchanged water with respect to 30 g of fumed silica (A) used in Example 1. ) And 13 g of porous silica (B) used in Example 5 (mass ratio A / B of fumed silica (A) and porous silica (B) in the core material made of this mixed powder) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain a plate-like molded body housed in the inner bag. A vacuum heat insulating material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the molded body housed in the inner bag was used.
- Example 7 (Method ( ⁇ )) Fumed silica (A ′) with a binder obtained by spray-coating a binder solution obtained by diluting 6.9 g of No. 3 water glass as an inorganic binder with 30 g of ion-exchanged water with respect to 20 g of fumed silica (A) used in Example 1. ) And 30 g of porous silica (B) used in Example 5 (mass ratio A / B of fumed silica (A) and porous silica (B) in the core material made of this mixed powder) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 to obtain a plate-like molded body housed in the inner bag. A vacuum heat insulating material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the molded body housed in the inner bag was used.
- Example 8 (Method ( ⁇ )) 40 g of porous silica (B) used in Example 5 was used, and a fumed silica (A ′) with a binder was not used, and instead of an inner bag made of non-woven fabric, a commercially available paper material (copy paper) was used. A molded body was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the inner bag was used. The reason for using the inner bag made of paper is that the porous silica (B) is housed in the inner bag using the same nonwoven fabric as in Example 3 without using the fumed silica (A ′) with a binder. This is because the powder slipped through the nonwoven fabric when sealed under reduced pressure.
- the molded body stored in the inner bag was stored in an outer bag made of a commercially available gas barrier film (aluminum standard bag for vacuum packaging ALH-8), and the inside of the outer bag was depressurized to 1 ⁇ 10 2 Pa. After sealing, it was sealed under reduced pressure to obtain a vacuum heat insulating material.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the thermal conductivity of the vacuum heat insulating material obtained in each example.
- the vacuum heat insulating materials of Examples 1 to 7 using fumed silica (A ′) with a binder had low heat conductivity and excellent heat insulating properties.
- the inner bag of Example 1 was not used and when the inner bag of Example 2 was used, almost the same heat insulating property was obtained.
- the vacuum heat insulating material of Example 4 in which the pressure at the time of molding is low and the density of the fumed silica (A ′) with a binder in the molded body is low has a lower thermal conductivity than the vacuum heat insulating material of Example 3. Had excellent heat insulation.
- Example 5 to 7 the vacuum heat insulating materials of Examples 5 to 7 in which the fumed silica with binder (A ′) and the porous silica (B) were used in combination had heat insulating properties superior to those of Example 3.
- Example 8 which used only porous silica (B), sufficient heat insulation was not acquired.
- a vacuum heat insulating material of the present invention According to the method for manufacturing a vacuum heat insulating material of the present invention, a high degree of freedom in the shape of the heat insulating material, excellent heat insulating properties can be stably obtained, and a long-life vacuum heat insulating material can be manufactured.
- a vacuum heat insulating material is useful as a heat insulating material for homes, buildings, automobiles, and the like. It should be noted that the entire contents of the specification, claims, drawings and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-184412 filed on August 23, 2012 are incorporated herein as the disclosure of the present invention. .
- Vacuum heat insulating material 10 ... Core material, 12 ... Molded body, 14 ... Outer bag, 16 ... Inner bag.
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Abstract
Description
しかし、該発泡体で充分な断熱性を得るには、発泡体の厚みを比較的厚くする必要がある。そのため、断熱材を充填できる空間に制限がある場合には充分な断熱性が得られない。
しかし、粉末材料を使用する真空断熱材では、減圧封入の際に粉末材料が飛散しやすい。また、粉末材料の飛散を防止するために、粉末材料に高い圧力をかけて成形してから減圧封入を行うと、良好な断熱性を有する真空断熱材が得られ難い。
また、繊維材料を使用する真空断熱材は、充分な断熱性を得るためには、粉末材料を使用する場合に比べて、繊維材料が高真空(10Pa以下)で減圧封入されている必要がある。そのため、経時的な劣化によって真空断熱材の真空度が低下すると断熱性が急激に低下し、寿命が短い問題がある。また、繊維材料を使用した真空断熱材は板状の断熱材しか製造できず、断熱材の形状の自由度が低い。
(I)ヒュームドシリカ(A)の表面にバインダが付与されたバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)を含む芯材を1×106Pa以下の圧力で加圧して成形体を形成する工程。
(II)前記成形体を、気密性を有する外袋内に減圧封入する工程。
前記芯材は、多孔質シリカ(B)を含むことが好ましい。
前記ヒュームドシリカ(A)と前記多孔質シリカ(B)との質量比A/Bは、20/80~90/10であることが好ましい。
前記芯材は、グラファイト、カーボンブラック、酸化チタンおよびチタン酸カリウムからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の添加材(C)を含んでもよい。
前記バインダは、無機バインダであることが好ましい。
さらに、本発明の真空断熱材は、通気性を有する内袋を有し、前記成形体が前記内袋に収納された状態で前記外袋内に減圧封入されていることが好ましい。
本発明の真空断熱材は、断熱材の形状の自由度が高く、優れた断熱性が安定して得られ、長寿命である。
本発明の真空断熱材の製造方法としては、内袋の使用の有無によって、下記の2種類の方法(α)および(β)が挙げられる。
(α)芯材をそのままの状態で加圧して成形体を形成し、該成形体をそのまま外袋内に減圧封入する方法。
(β)芯材を内袋内に収納した状態で加圧して成形体を形成し、該成形体を前記内袋内に収納した状態で外袋内に減圧封入する方法。
方法(α)では、内袋を使用しない。方法(α)は、下記工程(I-1)および工程(II-1)をこの順番で有する。
(I-1)図1に示すように、ヒュームドシリカ(A)の表面にバインダが付与されたバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aを含む芯材10を、そのままの状態で1×106Pa以下の圧力で加圧して成形体12を形成する工程。
(II-1)図2に示すように、成形体12を、そのままの状態で外袋14内に減圧封入して真空断熱材1を得る工程。
芯材10は、ヒュームドシリカ(A)の表面にバインダが付与されたバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aを含む。
芯材10は、図3に示すように、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aのみからなっていてもよく、図4に示すように、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aと多孔質シリカ(B)10bの混合物からなっていてもよい。芯材10は、より優れた断熱性が得られる点から、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aと多孔質シリカ(B)10bとを含むことが好ましい。
ヒュームドシリカ(A)の比表面積は、50~400m2/gが好ましく、100~350m2/gがより好ましく、200~300m2/gが特に好ましい。ヒュームドシリカ(A)の比表面積が下限値以上であれば、優れた断熱性が得られやすい。ヒュームドシリカ(A)の比表面積が上限値以下であれば、粒子の表面にバインダを付けやすく、工程(II-1)の減圧封入時にバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)が飛散することを抑制しやすい。
本発明における比表面積は、窒素吸着法(BET法)により測定される。
ヒュームドシリカ(A)は、1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
無機バインダとしては、例えば、ケイ酸ナトリウム、リン酸アルミニウム、硫酸マグネシウム、および塩化マグネシウム等からなる群から選ばれる1種が好ましく挙げられる。なかでも、優れた断熱性が得られやすい点から、ケイ酸ナトリウムが特に好ましい。
バインダは、1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
バインダ液の塗布方法としては、例えば、スプレーコート等が挙げられる。
バインダ液に使用する溶媒としては、特に限定されず、例えば、水、エタノール等が挙げられる。
芯材は、後に説明する理由で、ヒュームドシリカ(A)に多孔質シリカ(B)を含むことが好ましいが、多孔質シリカ(B)を含む場合は、バインダ液としては、ケイ酸ナトリウムの水溶液である水ガラスが特に好ましい。
バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aは、1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
前記気孔率は、窒素吸着法(BET法)により測定される。
前記平均粒子径は、レーザー回折散乱法、電子顕微鏡(SEM)観察等により測定される。
多孔質シリカ(B)10bは、1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
芯材10が添加材(C)を含む場合、芯材10中のバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aと多孔質シリカ(B)10bの合計量に対する、添加材(C)の質量比C/(A’+B)は、0.01~0.25が好ましく、0.02~0.18がより好ましく、0.05~0.11が特に好ましい。前記質量比C/(A’+B)が前記範囲内であれば、優れた断熱性が得られやすい。
多孔質シリカ(B)10bの混合は、ヒュームドシリカ(A)の表面にバインダを付与する前に行ってもよいが、ヒュームドシリカ(A)の表面にバインダを付与してバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aを得た後に行うことが好ましい。これにより、多孔質シリカ(B)10bにバインダが吸収され、バインダを浪費することを抑制できる。また、多孔質シリカ(B)10bの多孔性が低下することも抑制できる。
添加材(C)の混合は、ヒュームドシリカ(A)の表面にバインダを付与してバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aを得てから行ってもよく、ヒュームドシリカ(A)にバインダを付与する前に行ってもよい。
芯材10を成形する際に加圧する圧力は、1×106Pa以下とする。工程(I-1)では、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aの表面に存在しているバインダの接着力によって、芯材10が互いに接着するので、1×106Pa以下の加圧でも充分な強度を有する成形体12が得られる。また、1×106Pa以下の加圧で成形を行うことで、形成される成形体12中の芯材10の密度が高くなりすぎることが抑制される。その結果、芯材10を介した熱伝導が低減され、優れた断熱性が得られる。
芯材10を加圧成形する際の圧力の下限値は、強度が高く形状が崩れ難い成形体が得られ、減圧封入の際に芯材が飛散し難い点から、0.5×105Paが好ましい。
乾燥温度は、80~150℃が好ましく、100~120℃がより好ましい。
乾燥時間は、乾燥温度によっても異なるが、12~120時間が好ましく、24~60時間がより好ましい。
内袋を用いる方法(β)とは異なり、成形体を内袋内に収納しない方法(α)では、成形後に成形体12を200~600℃の温度で1~24時間程度加熱してもよい。これによって、多孔質シリカ(B)10bの気孔内に残存する水分を、より確実に減らすことができる。
工程(I-1)で得られた成形体12を、内袋内に収納せずにそのまま外袋14内に収納し、外袋14の内部を減圧して密封することで、成形体12を減圧封入して真空断熱材1を得る。
外袋14内を減圧する方法としては、真空断熱材の製造において通常使用される方法が使用できる。例えば、予め3辺がシールしてある外袋14内に収納した成形体を、ヒートシール機能が付いた真空チャンバー内で減圧し、チャンバー内が所定の圧力に減圧された後に、外袋14の開放された1辺をヒートシールして真空封入する方法等が挙げられる。
外袋14の大きさおよび形状は、特に限定されず、目的とする真空断熱材1の大きさおよび形状に合わせて適宜決定すればよい。
方法(β)では、内袋を使用する。方法(β)は、下記工程(I-2)および工程(II-2)をこの順番で有する。
(I-2)図5に示すように、ヒュームドシリカ(A)の表面にバインダが付与されたバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aを含む芯材10を、通気性を有する内袋16内に収納した状態で1×106Pa以下の圧力で加圧して成形体12を形成する工程。
(II-2)図6に示すように、成形体12を、内袋16内に収納した状態で外袋14内に減圧封入して真空断熱材2を得る工程。
図5および図6における図1および図2と同じ部分は同符号を付して説明を省略する。
工程(I-2)は、内袋16を使用する以外は、方法(α)の工程(I-1)と同様にして行うことができ、好ましい態様も同じである。厚さが薄い成形体や、曲面形状の成形体等を成形する場合は、芯材を内袋に収納することで成形体が取り扱い易くなる利点がある。
例えば、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aを含む芯材10を内袋16内に収納した後、その芯材10を収納した内袋16を金型に投入することで、芯材10を内袋16内に収納した状態で加圧して成形体12を形成することができる。
内袋16の大きさおよび形状は、特に限定されず、目的とする真空断熱材2の大きさおよび形状に合わせて適宜決定すればよい。
芯材10を加圧成形する際の圧力の下限値は、強度が高く形状が崩れ難い成形体が得られ、減圧封入の際に芯材が飛散し難い点から、0.5×105Paが好ましい。
工程(I-2)で得られた内袋16内に収納された状態の成形体12を、内袋16内に収納された状態のまま外袋14内に減圧封入して真空断熱材2を得る。
外袋14内を減圧する方法は、方法(α)の工程(II-1)で挙げた方法と同じ方法が挙げられる。
外袋14内の減圧度の好ましい態様は、方法(α)の工程(II-1)の場合と同じである。
本発明の真空断熱材の製造方法にあっては、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)の表面に存在するバインダの接着力によって、1×106Pa以下の圧力で加圧成形しても、形状が崩れ難い充分な強度を有し、ハンドリングが容易な成形体を形成できるうえ、減圧封入時に芯材が飛散することが充分に抑制される。そのため、成形体の密度を低く保ったまま、成形体を充分に減圧した状態で外袋内に封入でき、その結果、芯材を介した熱伝導がより低減され、より優れた断熱性を示す真空断熱材が得られる。
また、本発明の真空断熱材の製造方法では、芯材としてバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)と多孔質シリカ(B)とを併用することで、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)を単独で使用する場合に比べて、さらに優れた断熱性を示す真空断熱材が得られる。これは、多孔質シリカ(B)が多孔質であり、その孔内に残存した空気が移動しがたいためであると考えられる。
本発明の真空断熱材としては、内袋を有しない真空断熱材と、内袋を有する真空断熱材が挙げられる。
内袋を有しない真空断熱材としては、例えば、図2に例示した真空断熱材1が挙げられる。真空断熱材1は、気密性を有する外袋14と、ヒュームドシリカ(A)の表面にバインダが付与されたバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aを含む芯材10が成形された成形体12と、を有する。真空断熱材1は、成形体12が外袋14内に減圧封入された断熱材である。
内袋を有しない真空断熱材の製造方法としては、前記した方法(α)が好ましい。
成形体12としては、より優れた断熱性が得られる点から、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aと多孔質シリカ(B)10bとを含む芯材10を成形した成形体が好ましい。
図3に示すように、芯材10がバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aのみからなる場合は、ヒュームドシリカ(A)の表面に付与されたバインダによって、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10a同士が互いに接着されている。図4に示すように、芯材10がバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aと多孔質シリカ(B)10bとを含む場合、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aと多孔質シリカ(B)10bとは、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aの表面に存在するバインダによって互いに接着されている。
多孔質シリカ(B)にバインダを付与しても、バインダが多孔質シリカ(B)に吸収されてしまうため、多孔質シリカ(B)のみで互いに接着されて成形体となることは困難である。図4に示すように、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aが介在することで、多孔質シリカ(B)10bが互いに接着される。
芯材10中のバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aの含有量、および、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aと多孔質シリカ(B)10bの質量比の好ましい態様は、前記した方法(α)で説明した好ましい態様と同じである。
芯材10が添加材(C)を含む場合の添加材(C)の含有量、および、芯材10中のバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aと多孔質シリカ(B)10bの合計量に対する添加材(C)の質量比C/(A’+B)の好ましい態様は、前記した方法(α)で説明した好ましい態様と同じである。
真空断熱材2は、気密性を有する外袋14と、通気性を有する内袋16と、ヒュームドシリカ(A)の表面にバインダが付与されたバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)10aを含む芯材10が成形された成形体12と、を有する。真空断熱材2は、成形体12が内袋16内に収納された状態で外袋14内に減圧封入された断熱材である。
真空断熱材2は、成形体12が内袋16内に収納された状態で外袋14内に真空封入されている以外は、真空断熱材1と同じである。
内袋を有する真空断熱材の製造方法としては、前記した方法(β)が好ましい。
本発明の真空断熱材は、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)を含む芯材を用いているため、優れた断熱性が安定して得られ、長寿命である。これらの効果が得られる要因は、以下に示すとおりである。
ヒュームドシリカ(A)は、他の粉末材料に比べて、成形体としたときに粒子同士の接点が少なく、熱伝導率が低くなる性質を有している。そのため、ヒュームドシリカ(A)を芯材に利用することで、優れた断熱性が得られる。また、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)を含む芯材は、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)の表面に存在するバインダの接着力が発現する。そのため、1×106Pa以下の圧力で加圧成形しても、形状が崩れ難い充分な強度を有し、ハンドリングが容易な成形体を形成できるだけでなく、減圧封入時に芯材が飛散することが充分に抑制される。これらのことから、成形体の密度を低く保ったまま、充分に減圧した状態で外袋に封入できる。その結果、芯材を介した熱伝導がより低減され、より優れた断熱性が安定して得られる。
また、本発明の真空断熱材は、芯材としてバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)と多孔質シリカ(B)とを併用することで、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)を単独で使用する場合に比べて、さらに優れた断熱性が得られる。
また、本発明の真空断熱材は、繊維材料を用いる真空断熱材に比べて、断熱材の形状の自由度も高い。
[熱伝導率測定]
各例で得られた真空断熱材の熱伝導率は、熱伝導率測定装置HC-110(英弘精機株式会社製)により測定した。
ヒュームドシリカ(A)(商品名「アエロジル200」、一次平均粒子径:12nm、比表面積:200m2/g、日本アエロジル株式会社製)の40gに対して、無機バインダとしての3号水ガラスの6.9gを30gのイオン交換水によって希釈したバインダ液をスプレーコートした後、ブレンダによって混合してバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)を得た。
得られたバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)75gを、縦125mm×横125mmの金型に投入し、0.8×105Paの圧力をかけて厚さ13mmの板状に成形した後、120℃で48時間加熱して成形体を形成した。該成形体の寸法と質量から、該成形体の密度を算出したところ、0.3g/cm3であった。
前記成形体を、市販の真空包装用ナイロンポリ袋「NHP-3245」からなる外袋内に収納し、該外袋の内部を1×102Paまで減圧した後に密封することで減圧封入し、真空断熱材を得た。
[例2(方法(α))]
ヒュームドシリカ(A)(商品名「アエロジル300」、一次平均粒子径:7nm、比表面積:300m2/g、日本アエロジル株式会社製)の150gに対して、無機バインダとしての3号水ガラスの15.5gを75gのイオン交換水によって希釈したバインダ液をスプレーコートした後、ブレンダによって混合してバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)を得た。
得られたバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)26gを、縦125mm×横125mmの金型に投入し、4.3×105Paの圧力をかけて厚さ5mmの板状に成形した後、120℃で48時間加熱して成形体を形成した。該成形体の寸法と質量から、該成形体の密度を算出したところ、0.2g/cm3であった。
例1と同様に、前記成形体を、前記外袋内に収納し、該外袋の内部を1×102Paまで減圧した後に密封することで減圧封入し、真空断熱材を得た。
例1と同様にして得られたバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)75gを、ポリエチレンテレフタレート製の不織布からなる内袋内に収納し、形状を整え、プレス型によって0.8×105Paの圧力をかけて成形した後、120℃で48時間加熱して、縦110mm×横110mm×厚さ17mmの板状の成形体を形成した。該成形体の寸法と質量から、該成形体の密度を算出したところ、0.3g/cm3であった。
前記内袋内に収納された前記成形体を使用した以外は、例1と同様にして真空断熱材を得た。すなわち、前記内袋内に収納された前記成形体を、前記外袋内に収納し、該外袋の内部を1×102Paまで減圧した後に密封することで減圧封入し、真空断熱材を得た。
成形時の圧力を0.6×105Paとした以外は、例3と同様にして、内袋内に収納された状態で成形体を形成した。得られた成形体の寸法と質量から、該成形体の密度を算出したところ、0.25g/cm3であった。
内袋内に収納された前記成形体を使用した以外は、例1と同様にして真空断熱材を得た。
例1で用いたヒュームドシリカ(A)30gに対して、無機バインダとしての3号水ガラス6.9gを30gのイオン交換水によって希釈したバインダ液をスプレーコートし、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)を得た。その後、ブレンダによって、多孔質シリカ(B)(商品名「サンスフェアH-53」、平均粒子径:5μm、気孔率:80%、比表面積:700m2/g、AGCエスアイテック株式会社製)30gを混合し、シリカの混合粉末からなる芯材を得た(この混合粉末からなる芯材におけるヒュームドシリカ(A)と多孔質シリカ(B)との質量比A/Bは、50/50である。)。
前記混合粉末を使用し、例3と同様にして、内袋内に収納した板状の成形体を得た。
前記内袋内に収納された成形体を使用した以外は、例1と同様にして真空断熱材を得た。
例1で用いたヒュームドシリカ(A)30gに対して、無機バインダとしての3号水ガラス6.9gを30gのイオン交換水によって希釈したバインダ液をスプレーコートしたバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)と、例5で用いた多孔質シリカ(B)13gとを混合した混合粉末(この混合粉末からなる芯材におけるヒュームドシリカ(A)と多孔質シリカ(B)との質量比A/Bは、70/30である。)を使用し、例2と同様にして、内袋内に収納した板状の成形体を得た。
前記内袋内に収納された成形体を使用した以外は、例1と同様にして真空断熱材を得た。
例1で用いたヒュームドシリカ(A)20gに対して、無機バインダとしての3号水ガラス6.9gを30gのイオン交換水によって希釈したバインダ液をスプレーコートしたバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)と、例5で用いた多孔質シリカ(B)30gとを混合した混合粉末(この混合粉末からなる芯材におけるヒュームドシリカ(A)と多孔質シリカ(B)との質量比A/Bは、40/60である。)を使用し、例3と同様にして内袋内に収納した板状の成形体を得た。
前記内袋内に収納された成形体を使用した以外は、例1と同様にして真空断熱材を得た。
例5で用いた多孔質シリカ(B)40gを用い、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)を用いずに、また不織布からなる内袋の代わりに、市販の紙材(コピー用紙)で作製した内袋を使用した以外は、例3と同様にして成形体を作製した。なお、紙材からなる内袋を使用した理由は、バインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)を用いずに、例3と同じ不織布を用いた内袋内に多孔質シリカ(B)を収納した場合、減圧封入時に粉末が不織布をすり抜けて飛散したためである。
前記内袋内に収納された成形体を、市販のガスバリアフィルム(真空包装用アルミ規格袋ALH-8)からなる外袋内に収納し、該外袋の内部を1×102Paまで減圧した後に密封することで減圧封入し、真空断熱材を得た。
各例で得られた真空断熱材の熱伝導率の測定結果を表1に示す。
一方、多孔質シリカ(B)のみを使用した例8では、充分な断熱性が得られなかった。
なお、2012年8月23日に出願された日本特許出願2012-184412号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面および要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の開示として取り入れるものである。
Claims (8)
- 下記工程(I)および工程(II)を有する、真空断熱材の製造方法。
(I)ヒュームドシリカ(A)の表面にバインダが付与されたバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)を含む芯材を1×106Pa以下の圧力で加圧して成形体を形成する工程。
(II)前記成形体を、気密性を有する外袋内に減圧封入する工程。 - 前記工程(I)において前記芯材を、通気性を有する内袋内に収納した状態で加圧して前記成形体を形成し、前記工程(II)において前記内袋内に収納された状態で前記成形体を前記外袋内に減圧封入する、請求項1に記載の真空断熱材の製造方法。
- 前記芯材が多孔質シリカ(B)を含む、請求項1または2に記載の真空断熱材の製造方法。
- 前記ヒュームドシリカ(A)と前記多孔質シリカ(B)との質量比A/Bが20/80~90/10である、請求項3に記載の真空断熱材の製造方法。
- 前記芯材が、グラファイト、カーボンブラック、酸化チタンおよびチタン酸カリウムからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の添加材(C)を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の真空断熱材の製造方法。
- 前記バインダが無機バインダである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の真空断熱材の製造方法。
- 気密性を有する外袋と、
ヒュームドシリカ(A)の表面にバインダが付与されたバインダ付きヒュームドシリカ(A’)を含む芯材が成形された成形体と、
を有し、前記成形体が前記外袋内に減圧封入されている真空断熱材。 - さらに、通気性を有する内袋を有し、前記成形体が前記内袋に収納された状態で前記外袋内に減圧封入されている、請求項7に記載の真空断熱材。
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- 2013-08-20 CN CN201380043835.9A patent/CN104583663B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-20 WO PCT/JP2013/072205 patent/WO2014030651A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-08-20 JP JP2014531640A patent/JP6070710B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-20 KR KR20157004003A patent/KR20150043332A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (3)
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JP2017524886A (ja) * | 2014-06-10 | 2017-08-31 | キョン ドン ウォン コーポレーション | 真空断熱材の連続式製造方法 |
CN105318145A (zh) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-02-10 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 隔热板以及真空隔热构件的制造方法 |
DE212018000206U1 (de) | 2017-04-20 | 2019-11-26 | AGC Inc. | Wärmeisolierungsstruktur |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20150043332A (ko) | 2015-04-22 |
CN104583663B (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
EP2889526A4 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
JP6070710B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 |
JPWO2014030651A1 (ja) | 2016-07-28 |
US20150147514A1 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
EP2889526A1 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
CN104583663A (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
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