WO2013172359A1 - ガスバリア性フィルム、ガスバリア性フィルムの製造方法及び電子デバイス - Google Patents
ガスバリア性フィルム、ガスバリア性フィルムの製造方法及び電子デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013172359A1 WO2013172359A1 PCT/JP2013/063460 JP2013063460W WO2013172359A1 WO 2013172359 A1 WO2013172359 A1 WO 2013172359A1 JP 2013063460 W JP2013063460 W JP 2013063460W WO 2013172359 A1 WO2013172359 A1 WO 2013172359A1
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- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
- Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
- Y10T428/24975—No layer or component greater than 5 mils thick
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
- Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas barrier film, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electronic device using the gas barrier film, and more specifically, a display material such as a package of an electronic device or the like, a plastic substrate such as a solar cell, an organic EL element, or a liquid crystal.
- the present invention relates to a gas barrier film used in the above, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electronic device using the gas barrier film.
- a gas barrier film in which a metal oxide thin film such as aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide or the like is formed on the surface of a plastic substrate or film is used for packaging an article that requires blocking of various gases such as water vapor and oxygen. It is widely used in packaging applications to prevent the deterioration of food, industrial goods and pharmaceuticals. In addition to the above packaging applications, it is used in liquid crystal display elements, solar cells, organic electroluminescence (EL) substrates and the like.
- EL organic electroluminescence
- a method for producing such a gas barrier film mainly, a method of forming a gas barrier layer by a plasma CVD method (Chemical Vapor Deposition) or a main component is polysilazane.
- a method of applying a surface treatment after applying a coating solution, or a method of using them together is known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- Patent Document 1 it is necessary to form a polysilazane film having a thickness of 250 nm or less by a wet method, and then irradiate with vacuum ultraviolet light. It is disclosed to achieve by a method of forming a layer by repeating two or more times.
- Patent Document 1 still has a problem that the flexibility is not always sufficient when the lamination is simply repeated in order to obtain a higher gas barrier property.
- the phenomenon that the edge of the cutting breaks vigorously with the film like glass occurs the effective area as a product decreases from the crack of the cutting surface, and the productivity is bad Newly found to have problems.
- Patent Document 2 a method of further improving the barrier performance by applying polysilazane on a gas barrier layer formed by a vacuum plasma CVD method on a resin base material and repairing the gas barrier layer by heat treatment Is disclosed.
- the function as a gas barrier layer of an organic photoelectric conversion element or the like is inadequate, and at present, the water vapor transmission rate has a gas barrier property of a level significantly lower than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 g / m 2 ⁇ day. Development of a gas barrier layer is required.
- heat treatment of polysilazane takes 1 hour at 160 ° C., there is a difficulty in that its application range is limited to a resin base material having excellent heat resistance.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a manufacturing method in which a conductive film is formed after applying and smoothing a polysilazane to a gas barrier layer obtained by an atmospheric pressure plasma CVD method.
- a conductive film is formed after applying and smoothing a polysilazane to a gas barrier layer obtained by an atmospheric pressure plasma CVD method.
- This method both high barrier properties and surface smoothness can be achieved, but stress applied during bending is concentrated on the formed gas barrier layer, and the gas barrier layer is destroyed by unrelieved stress, resulting in poor flexibility.
- the current situation has some difficulties.
- the barrier film prepared in this way is exposed to high humidity, there is also a problem that the barrier property is rapidly deteriorated after a certain elapsed time.
- JP 2009-255040 A Japanese Patent No. 3511325 JP 2008-235165 A
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its object is to provide a gas barrier film having high barrier performance, excellent bending resistance, smoothness, and suitable for cutting, its manufacturing method, and its gas barrier property.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device using a film.
- the object of the present invention is to apply a substrate, a first barrier layer formed on the surface of the substrate by a vapor deposition method, and a first silicon compound on the surface of the first barrier layer.
- a second barrier layer obtained by modifying the coating film formed in this manner, and a barrier property obtained by modifying the coating film formed by applying a second silicon compound to the surface of the second barrier layer. This is achieved by a gas barrier film having a protective layer.
- a gas barrier film having improved barrier properties and substrate adhesion, high barrier performance, excellent bending resistance, smoothness, and suitable for cutting, a method for producing the same, and a gas barrier film therefor An electronic device using the device is provided.
- the present inventor has found that the substrate, the first barrier layer formed on the surface of the substrate by a vapor deposition method, and the surface of the first barrier layer A second barrier layer obtained by modifying the coating film formed by applying the first silicon compound to the coating film, and a coating film formed by applying the second silicon compound to the surface of the second barrier layer
- a gas barrier film having a protective layer that does not have a barrier property that is modified it has high water vapor barrier performance, improves adhesion between the barrier layer and the substrate, has high barrier performance, and is bent. It has been found that a gas barrier film excellent in resistance and smoothness can be realized, and has reached the present invention.
- the method for producing a gas barrier film according to the present invention includes a step (1) of forming a first barrier layer on at least one surface side of a substrate by a vapor phase growth method, and a step on the first barrier layer.
- a step (3) of forming a protective layer by modifying the coating film formed by applying the containing liquid includes a step (1) of forming a first barrier layer on at least one surface side of a substrate by a vapor phase growth method, and a step on the first barrier layer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the layer structure of the gas barrier film of the present invention.
- a gas barrier film 1 has a first barrier layer 3 formed on a substrate 2 by a vapor deposition method, and a first silicon layer is formed on the first barrier layer 3.
- a second barrier layer 4B formed by applying and modifying the compound, and a protective layer 4A having no barrier property formed by applying and modifying the second silicon compound are laminated thereon. Have a configuration.
- a method for confirming the modified region that has been modified and the non-modified region that has not been modified is the second method. While trimming the barrier layer 4A in the depth direction, the characteristic values, such as density, elastic modulus, and composition ratio (for example, the ratio of x in SiOx) are sequentially measured to obtain the inflection point of the characteristic value. Can be obtained as the interface between the modified region and the non-modified region. Furthermore, as the most effective method, a cross section of the produced gas barrier film is cut out with a microtome, and the obtained ultrathin section is observed with a transmission electron microscope.
- the gas barrier film according to the present invention may be provided with an intermediate layer between the base material and the first barrier layer from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion of the barrier layer.
- the intermediate layer at least one layer of an anchor coat layer, a smooth layer, or a bleed-out prevention layer is preferable, and all of these three layers may be provided directly on the substrate, and the stacking order of these three layers is Although not particularly limited, it is preferable to form a bleed-out prevention layer on one surface of the base material and to form a smooth layer on the other surface, and the first barrier layer is laminated on the smooth layer. More preferably, a smooth layer may be formed on both sides of the substrate.
- the “gas barrier property” as used in the present invention is a water vapor transmission rate (water vapor transmission rate) (60 ⁇ 0.5 ° C., relative humidity (90 ⁇ 2)% measured by a method in accordance with JIS K 7129-1992.
- RH water vapor transmission rate
- relative humidity 90 ⁇ 2% measured by a method in accordance with JIS K 7129-1992.
- RH 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less
- the oxygen permeability (oxygen permeability) of the gas barrier film measured by a method according to JIS K 7126-1987 is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ml / m 2 ⁇ 24 h ⁇ atm or less (1 atm is 1. 01325 ⁇ 10 5 Pa).
- the term “having no gas barrier property” means that the water vapor transmission rate (water vapor transmission rate) (60 ⁇ 0.5 ° C., relative humidity (90 ⁇ 2)% measured by a method according to JIS K 7129-1992. RH) is 5 g / (cm 2 ⁇ 24 h) or more.
- the gas barrier film of the present invention is used.
- the details of each component of the gas barrier film of the present invention and the method for producing the component will be described.
- first barrier layer One feature of the first barrier layer according to the present invention is that it is formed by a vapor deposition method. Due to the presence of the first barrier layer, moisture transfer from the base material can be prevented, and the reforming process in forming the second barrier layer is likely to proceed. In the first barrier layer according to the present invention, it is preferable to form a metal compound by chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition.
- the method for forming a thin film by the vapor deposition method according to the present invention can be roughly classified into a physical vapor deposition method and a chemical vapor deposition method. It is a method of depositing a target substance, for example, a thin film such as a carbon film, on the surface by a physical method. These methods include a vapor deposition (resistance heating method, electron beam vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy) method, ion plating. Such as a sputtering method and a sputtering method.
- the chemical vapor deposition method (chemical vapor deposition, Chemical Vapor Deposition) supplies a raw material gas containing a target thin film component onto a substrate, and forms a film by a chemical reaction on the surface of the substrate or in the gas phase. It is a method of depositing. In addition, there is a method of generating plasma etc. for the purpose of activating chemical reaction, and known CVD methods such as thermal CVD method, catalytic chemical vapor deposition method, photo CVD method, plasma CVD method, atmospheric pressure plasma CVD method, etc. In the present invention, any of them can be advantageously used. Although not particularly limited, it is preferable to apply the plasma CVD method from the viewpoint of film forming speed and processing area. Forming the first barrier layer by chemical vapor deposition is advantageous in terms of gas barrier properties.
- metal carbides, metal nitrides, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal halides, and mixtures thereof metal oxynitrides, metal oxyhalides, metal nitride carbides, etc.
- silicon oxide is generated.
- zinc compound is used as a raw material compound and carbon disulfide is used as the cracking gas, zinc sulfide is generated. This is because highly active charged particles and active radicals exist in the plasma space at a high density, so that multistage chemical reactions are accelerated at high speed in the plasma space, and the elements present in the plasma space are thermodynamic. This is because it is converted into an extremely stable compound in a very short time.
- Such a raw material may be in a gas, liquid, or solid state at normal temperature and pressure as long as it contains a typical or transition metal element.
- gas it can be introduced into the discharge space as it is, but in the case of liquid or solid, it is used after being vaporized by means such as heating, bubbling, decompression or ultrasonic irradiation.
- the solvent may be diluted with a solvent, and an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, n-hexane or a mixed solvent thereof may be used as the solvent. Since these diluted solvents are decomposed into molecular and atomic forms during the plasma discharge treatment, the influence can be almost ignored.
- it is preferably a compound having a vapor pressure in a temperature range of 0 ° C. to 250 ° C. under atmospheric pressure, and more preferably a compound exhibiting a liquid state in a temperature range of 0 ° C. to 250 ° C.
- the pressure in the plasma film forming chamber is close to atmospheric pressure, and it is difficult to send a gas into the plasma film forming chamber unless it can be vaporized under atmospheric pressure. This is because the amount fed can be managed with high accuracy.
- the heat resistance of the plastic film which forms a gas barrier layer is 270 degrees C or less, it is preferable that it is a compound which has a vapor pressure from the plastic film heat resistant temperature to the temperature of 20 degrees C or less.
- the metal compound which is a raw material compound for such a vapor phase growth method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a silicon compound, a titanium compound, a zirconium compound, an aluminum compound, a boron compound, a tin compound, and an organometallic compound.
- titanium compounds include titanium methoxide, titanium ethoxide, titanium isopropoxide, titanium tetraisoporooxide, titanium n-butoxide, titanium diisopropoxide (bis-2,4-pentanedionate), titanium.
- examples thereof include diisopropoxide (bis-2,4-ethylacetoacetate), titanium di-n-butoxide (bis-2,4-pentanedionate), titanium acetylacetonate, butyl titanate dimer, and the like.
- Zirconium compounds include zirconium n-propoxide, zirconium n-butoxide, zirconium t-butoxide, zirconium tri-n-butoxide acetylacetonate, zirconium di-n-butoxide bisacetylacetonate, zirconium acetylacetonate, zirconium acetate, Zirconium hexafluoropentanedioate and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the aluminum compound include aluminum ethoxide, aluminum triisopropoxide, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum n-butoxide, aluminum s-butoxide, aluminum t-butoxide, aluminum acetylacetonate, triethyldialuminum tri-s-butoxide, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- Boron compounds include diborane, tetraborane, boron fluoride, boron chloride, boron bromide, borane-diethyl ether complex, borane-THF complex, borane-dimethyl sulfide complex, boron trifluoride diethyl ether complex, triethylborane, trimethoxy.
- Examples include borane, triethoxyborane, tri (isopropoxy) borane, borazole, trimethylborazole, triethylborazole, triisopropylborazole, and the like.
- tin compounds include tetraethyltin, tetramethyltin, di-n-butyltin diacetate, tetrabutyltin, tetraoctyltin, tetraethoxytin, methyltriethoxytin, diethyldiethoxytin, triisopropylethoxytin, diethyltin, Dimethyltin, diisopropyltin, dibutyltin, diethoxytin, dimethoxytin, diisopropoxytin, dibutoxytin, tin dibutyrate, tin diacetoacetonate, ethyltin acetoacetonate, ethoxytin acetoacetonate, dimethyltin diacetoacetonate
- tin halides such as tin hydrogen compounds include tin dichloride and tin tetrachloride.
- organometallic compound examples include antimony ethoxide, arsenic triethoxide, barium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptanedionate, beryllium acetylacetonate, bismuth hexafluoropentanedionate, dimethylcadmium, calcium 2, 2,6,6-tetramethylheptanedionate, chromium trifluoropentanedionate, cobalt acetylacetonate, copper hexafluoropentanedionate, magnesium hexafluoropentanedionate-dimethyl ether complex, gallium ethoxide, tetraethoxygermanium, tetra Methoxygermanium, hafnium t-butoxide, hafnium ethoxide, indium acetylacetonate, indium 2,6-dimethylaminoheptane dione , Ferrocene, lanthanum is
- a decomposition gas for decomposing a raw material gas containing these metals to obtain an inorganic compound hydrogen gas, methane gas, acetylene gas, carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide gas, nitrogen gas, ammonia gas, nitrous oxide
- examples include gas, nitrogen oxide gas, nitrogen dioxide gas, oxygen gas, water vapor, fluorine gas, hydrogen fluoride, trifluoroalcohol, trifluorotoluene, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, and chlorine gas.
- the decomposition gas may be mixed with an inert gas such as argon gas or helium gas.
- a desired barrier layer can be obtained by appropriately selecting a source gas containing a metal element and a decomposition gas.
- the first barrier layer formed by chemical vapor deposition is preferably a metal carbide, metal nitride, metal oxide, metal halide, metal sulfide, or a composite compound thereof from the viewpoint of permeability.
- the first barrier layer formed by the vapor deposition method according to the present invention preferably has at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, and silicon nitride, and has gas barrier properties and transparency. In this respect, it is more preferable to have at least one selected from silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride or silicon nitride, and it is preferable to have at least one selected from silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride.
- the first barrier layer is desirably formed substantially or completely as an inorganic layer.
- the average film thickness of the first barrier layer according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 600 nm, and more preferably 100 to 500 nm. If it is such a range, it will be excellent in high gas barrier performance, bending tolerance, and cutting processability.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a plasma CVD apparatus that can be used in the present invention.
- the plasma CVD apparatus 101 has a vacuum chamber 102, and a susceptor 105 is disposed on the bottom surface inside the vacuum chamber 102. On the ceiling side inside the vacuum chamber 102, a cathode electrode 103 is disposed at a position facing the susceptor 105.
- a heat medium circulation system 106, a vacuum exhaust system 107, a gas introduction system 108, and a high-frequency power source 109 are disposed outside the vacuum chamber 102.
- a heat medium is arranged in the heat medium circulation system 106.
- the heat medium circulation system 106 stores a pump that moves the heat medium, a heating device that heats the heat medium, a cooling device that cools, a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the heat medium, and a set temperature of the heat medium.
- a heating / cooling device 160 having a storage device is provided.
- the heating / cooling device 160 is configured to measure the temperature of the heat medium, heat or cool the heat medium to a stored set temperature, and supply the heat medium to the susceptor 105.
- the supplied heat medium flows inside the susceptor 105, heats or cools the susceptor 105, and returns to the heating / cooling device 160.
- the temperature of the heat medium is higher or lower than the set temperature, and the heating and cooling device 160 heats or cools the heat medium to the set temperature and supplies the heat medium to the susceptor 105.
- the cooling medium circulates between the susceptor and the heating / cooling device 160, and the susceptor 105 is heated or cooled by the supplied heating medium having the set temperature.
- the vacuum chamber 102 is connected to an evacuation system 107, and before the film formation process is started by the plasma CVD apparatus 101, the inside of the vacuum chamber 102 is evacuated in advance and the heating medium is heated to set from room temperature. The temperature is raised to a temperature, and a heat medium having a set temperature is supplied to the susceptor 105.
- the susceptor 105 is at room temperature at the start of use, and when a heat medium having a set temperature is supplied, the susceptor 105 is heated. After circulating the heat medium at a set temperature for a certain time, the substrate 110 to be deposited is carried into the vacuum chamber 102 and placed on the susceptor 105 while maintaining the vacuum atmosphere in the vacuum chamber 102.
- a large number of nozzles (holes) are formed on the surface of the cathode electrode 103 facing the susceptor 105.
- the cathode electrode 103 is connected to a gas introduction system 108.
- a CVD gas is introduced from the gas introduction system 108 to the cathode electrode 103, the CVD gas is ejected from the nozzle of the cathode electrode 103 into the vacuum chamber 102 in a vacuum atmosphere.
- the cathode electrode 103 is connected to a high-frequency power source 109, and the susceptor 105 and the vacuum chamber 102 are connected to a ground potential.
- a CVD gas is supplied from the gas introduction system 108 into the vacuum chamber 102, a high-frequency power source 109 is activated while a heating medium having a constant temperature is supplied from the heating / cooling device 160 to the susceptor 105, and a high-frequency voltage is applied to the cathode electrode 103, Plasma of the introduced CVD gas is formed.
- a thin film grows on the surface of the substrate 110.
- a heating medium having a constant temperature is supplied from the heating / cooling device 160 to the susceptor 105, and the susceptor 105 is heated or cooled by the heating medium, and a thin film is formed while being maintained at the constant temperature.
- the lower limit temperature of the growth temperature when forming a thin film is determined by the film quality of the thin film
- the upper limit temperature is determined by the allowable range of damage to the thin film already formed on the substrate 110.
- the lower limit temperature and upper limit temperature vary depending on the material of the thin film to be formed, the material of the thin film already formed, etc., but when forming a SiN film or SiON film used for a high barrier film, etc., the lower limit temperature is required to ensure the film quality.
- the temperature is 50 ° C.
- the upper limit temperature is lower than the heat resistant temperature of the substrate.
- the correlation between the film quality of the thin film formed by the plasma CVD method and the film formation temperature, and the correlation between the damage to the film formation target (substrate 110) and the film formation temperature are obtained in advance.
- the lower limit temperature of the substrate 110 during the plasma CVD process is preferably 50 ° C.
- the upper limit temperature is preferably 250 ° C.
- the relationship between the temperature of the heat medium supplied to the susceptor 105 and the temperature of the substrate 110 is measured in advance, and the plasma CVD process is in progress.
- the temperature of the heat medium supplied to the susceptor 105 is required.
- the lower limit temperature (here, 50 ° C.) is stored, and a heat medium whose temperature is controlled to a temperature equal to or higher than the lower limit temperature is set to be supplied to the susceptor 105.
- the heat medium refluxed from the susceptor 105 is heated or cooled, and a heat medium having a set temperature of 50 ° C. is supplied to the susceptor 105.
- the CVD gas a mixed gas of silane gas, ammonia gas, nitrogen gas, or hydrogen gas is supplied, and the SiN film is formed in a state where the substrate 110 is maintained at a temperature not lower than the lower limit temperature and not higher than the upper limit temperature.
- the susceptor 105 is at room temperature, and the temperature of the heat medium returned from the susceptor 105 to the heating / cooling apparatus 160 is lower than the set temperature. Therefore, immediately after the start-up, the heating / cooling device 160 heats the refluxed heat medium to raise the temperature to the set temperature and supplies it to the susceptor 105. In this case, the susceptor 105 and the substrate 110 are heated and heated by the heat medium, and the substrate 110 is maintained in a range between the lower limit temperature and the upper limit temperature.
- the susceptor 105 When a thin film is continuously formed on a plurality of substrates 110, the susceptor 105 is heated by heat flowing from the plasma. In this case, since the heat medium recirculated from the susceptor 105 to the heating / cooling device 160 is higher than the lower limit temperature (50 ° C.), the heating / cooling device 160 cools the heat medium and converts the heat medium at the set temperature into the susceptor. It supplies to 105. Thereby, it is possible to form a thin film while maintaining the substrate 110 in a range between the lower limit temperature and the upper limit temperature.
- the heating / cooling device 160 heats the heating medium when the temperature of the refluxed heating medium is lower than the set temperature, and cools the heating medium when the temperature is higher than the set temperature.
- a heat medium having a set temperature is supplied to the susceptor, and as a result, the substrate 110 is maintained in a temperature range between the lower limit temperature and the upper limit temperature.
- the substrate 110 is unloaded from the vacuum chamber 102, the undeposited substrate 110 is loaded into the vacuum chamber 102, and a heating medium having a set temperature is supplied as described above. A thin film is formed.
- the method for forming the first barrier layer by the vacuum plasma CVD method As described above, an example of the method for forming the first barrier layer by the vacuum plasma CVD method has been described. As the method for forming the first barrier layer, the plasma CVD method that does not require vacuum is preferable, but the atmospheric pressure plasma CVD method is also preferable. .
- the atmospheric pressure plasma CVD method which performs plasma CVD processing near atmospheric pressure, does not need to be reduced in pressure and is more productive than the plasma CVD method under vacuum.
- the film speed is high, and further, under a high pressure condition of atmospheric pressure as compared with the conditions of a normal CVD method, the gas mean free path is very short, so that a very homogeneous film can be obtained.
- nitrogen gas or an 18th group atom of the periodic table specifically helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon or the like is used as the discharge gas.
- nitrogen, helium, and argon are preferably used, and nitrogen is particularly preferable because of low cost.
- the step (1) of forming the first barrier layer by vapor phase growth on at least one surface side of the substrate includes the source gas containing the metal element, It is preferable to form by chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition by mixing with decomposition gas.
- the vapor phase growth method in this step (1) is as described above, and the chemical vapor deposition method by plasma CVD shown in FIG. 2 is particularly preferable.
- the second barrier layer according to the present invention is obtained by modifying a coating film formed by applying the first silicon compound on the first barrier layer. Therefore, it is preferable to add a silicon compound to a solvent to prepare a solution containing the silicon compound and apply the solution onto the first barrier layer.
- the average thickness of the second barrier layer according to the present invention is preferably 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m, and more preferably 10 nm to 500 ⁇ m.
- the average thickness is in the range.
- any appropriate wet coating method may be employed as the (first) silicon compound coating method.
- Specific examples include a spin coating method, a roll coating method, a flow coating method, an ink jet method, a spray coating method, a printing method, a dip coating method, a casting film forming method, a bar coating method, and a gravure printing method.
- the coating film thickness can be appropriately set according to the purpose.
- the coating film thickness is appropriately set so that the thickness after drying is preferably about 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably about 10 nm to 10 ⁇ m, and most preferably about 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the first silicon compound according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as a coating liquid containing a silicon compound can be prepared. However, there are few defects such as film formability and cracks, and a small amount of residual organic matter.
- the first silicon compound according to the present invention preferably contains polysilazane, more preferably polysilazane such as perhydropolysilazane and organopolysilazane; and polysiloxane such as silsesquioxane.
- Examples of the first silicon compound according to the present invention include perhydropolysilazane, organopolysilazane, silsesquioxane, tetramethylsilane, trimethylmethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, trimethylethoxysilane, and dimethyldiethoxy.
- Silane methyltriethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, hexamethyldisilazane, 1,1-dimethyl-1-silacyclobutane, trimethylvinylsilane, methoxydimethylvinylsilane, trimethoxyvinylsilane, ethyltrimethoxy Silane, dimethyldivinylsilane, dimethylethoxyethynylsilane, diacetoxydimethylsilane, dimethoxymethyl-3,3,3-trifluoropropylsilane 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, aryltrimethoxysilane, ethoxydimethylvinylsilane, arylaminotrimethoxysilane, N-methyl-N-trimethylsilylacetamide, 3-aminopropyl
- silsesquioxanes such, Mayaterials made Q8 series of Octakis (tetramethylammonium) pentacyclo-octasiloxane-octakis (yloxide) hydrate; Octa (tetramethylammonium) silsesquioxane, Octakis (dimethylsiloxy) octasilsesquioxane, Octa [[3 - [(3-ethyl -3-oxetanyl) methoxy] propyl] dimethylsiloxy] octasilsesquioxane; Octaallyloxetanes silsquioxane, Octa [(3-Propylglycidyletherer dimethylsiloxy] silsesquioxane; Octakis [[3- (2,3-epoxypropoxy) propyl] dimethylsiloxy] octasilsesquioxane, Octakis [[
- inorganic silicon compounds are particularly preferable, and inorganic silicon compounds that are solid at room temperature are more preferable.
- Perhydropolysilazane, hydrogenated silsesquioxane and the like are more preferably used.
- Polysilazane is a polymer having a silicon-nitrogen bond, and is a ceramic precursor such as SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 made of Si—N, Si—H, NH or the like, and an intermediate solid solution of both SiO x N y. It is an inorganic polymer.
- a compound that is ceramicized at a relatively low temperature and modified to silica is preferable, for example, the following general formula described in JP-A-8-112879
- a compound having a main skeleton composed of the unit represented by (1) is preferred.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group (preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms).
- An alkenyl group preferably an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms
- a cycloalkyl group preferably a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms
- an aryl group preferably an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- a silyl group preferably a silyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms
- an alkylamino group preferably an alkylamino group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkylamino group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- an alkoxy group preferably Represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- at least one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the alkyl group in R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is a linear or branched alkyl group.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, and tert-butyl group.
- N-pentyl group isopentyl group, tert-pentyl group, neopentyl group, 1,2-dimethylpropyl group, n-hexyl group, isohexyl group, 1,3-dimethylbutyl group, 1-isopropylpropyl group, 1,2 -Dimethylbutyl group, n-heptyl group, 1,4-dimethylpentyl group, 3-ethylpentyl group, 2-methyl-1-isopropylpropyl group, 1-ethyl-3-methylbutyl group, n-octyl group, 2- Ethylhexyl group, 3-methyl-1-isopropylbutyl group, 2-methyl-1-isopropyl group, 1-t-butyl-2-methylpropylene Group, n-nonyl group, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl group, n-decyl group, isodecyl group, n-
- alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms examples include vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, allyl group, isopropenyl group, 1-butenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 1-pentenyl group and 2-pentenyl group. .
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclononyl group, and a cyclodecyl group.
- the aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include non-condensed hydrocarbon groups such as a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group; a pentarenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, and a heptaenyl group.
- biphenylenyl group fluorenyl group, acenaphthylenyl group, preadenenyl group, acenaphthenyl group, phenalenyl group, phenanthryl group, anthryl group, fluoranthenyl group, acephenanthrenyl group, aceanthrylenyl group, triphenylenyl group, pyrenyl group,
- Examples thereof include condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon groups such as a chrycenyl group and a naphthacenyl group.
- Examples of the silyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms include alkyl / arylsilyl groups, and specifically include trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, triisopropylsilyl group, t-butyldimethylsilyl group, methyldiphenylsilyl group, t -Butyldiphenylsilyl group and the like.
- the alkylamino group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, diisopropylamino group, methyl-tert-butylamino group, dioctylamino group, didecylamino group, dihexadecyl group.
- An amino group, a di-2-ethylhexylamino group, a di2-hexyldecylamino group and the like can be mentioned.
- alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms examples include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentyloxy group, a hexyloxy group, a 2-ethylhexyloxy group, an octyloxy group, and a nonyloxy group.
- the polysilazane according to the present invention is the above-mentioned persilon in which all of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are hydrogen atoms in the general formula (1). Hydropolysilazane is particularly preferred.
- the compound having a main skeleton composed of the unit represented by the general formula (1) preferably has a number average molecular weight of 100 to 50,000.
- the number average molecular weight can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the organopolysilazane in which a part of the hydrogen atom portion bonded to Si is substituted with an alkyl group or the like has improved adhesion to the base material as a base by having an alkyl group such as a methyl group and is hard.
- the ceramic film made of brittle polysilazane can be toughened, and there is an advantage that the occurrence of cracks can be suppressed even when the (average) film thickness is increased.
- Perhydropolysilazane is presumed to have a linear structure and a ring structure centered on 6- and 8-membered rings.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is about 600 to 2000 (polystyrene conversion), and there are liquid or solid substances, and the state varies depending on the molecular weight. These are marketed in a solution state dissolved in an organic solvent, and the commercially available product can be used as it is as a polysilazane-containing coating solution.
- a silicon alkoxide-added polysilazane obtained by reacting a silicon alkoxide with a polysilazane having a main skeleton composed of a unit represented by the above general formula (1) (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei. No.
- glycidol-added polysilazane obtained by reacting glycidol (for example, see JP-A-6-122852), alcohol-added polysilazane obtained by reacting alcohol (for example, JP-A-6-240208)
- a metal carboxylate-added polysilazane obtained by reacting a metal carboxylate (see, for example, JP-A-6-299118), and an acetylacetonate complex obtained by reacting a metal-containing acetylacetonate complex
- Additional polysilazanes eg, Unexamined see JP 6-306329
- fine metal particles added polysilazane obtained by adding metal particles e.g., Japanese Unexamined see JP 7-196986
- a commercially available polysilazane may be used.
- the organic solvent that can be used to prepare the solution containing the first silicon compound according to the present invention contains an alcohol or water that easily reacts with the first silicon compound (for example, polysilazane). It is not preferable to use what to do. Therefore, specifically, hydrocarbon solvents such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, ethers such as aliphatic ethers and alicyclic ethers can be used. .
- hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, toluene, xylene, solvesso and turben, halogen hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and trichloroethane, ethers such as dibutyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran.
- organic solvents may be selected according to characteristics such as the solubility of polysilazane and the evaporation rate of the organic solvent, and a plurality of organic solvents may be mixed.
- the polysilazane concentration in the polysilazane-containing coating solution according to the present invention varies depending on the film thickness of the target second barrier layer and the pot life of the coating solution, but is preferably about 0.2 to 35% by mass. .
- an amine or a metal catalyst can be added in order to promote conversion to a silicon oxide compound.
- Specific examples include Aquamica NAX120-20, NN110, NN310, NN320, NL110A, NL120A, NL150A, NP110, NP140, and SP140 manufactured by AZ Electronic Materials.
- the method for modifying the coating film formed by applying the first silicon compound is to apply the (first) silicon compound to silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride.
- the gas barrier film of the present invention is inorganic at a level that can contribute to the development of gas barrier properties (water vapor permeability of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less) as a whole.
- a process for forming a thin film As the conversion reaction of the (first) silicon compound to silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride, a known method based on the conversion reaction of the second barrier layer can be selected.
- the formation of a silicon oxide film or a silicon oxynitride layer by a substitution reaction of a silicon compound requires a high temperature of 450 ° C. or more, and is difficult to adapt to a flexible substrate such as plastic.
- the modification treatment according to the present invention is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of plasma treatment, heat treatment, and ultraviolet irradiation (including vacuum ultraviolet irradiation treatment).
- ⁇ Plasma treatment> a known method can be used as the plasma treatment that can be used as the modification treatment, and the above-mentioned atmospheric pressure plasma treatment and the like can be preferably used.
- the reforming treatment can be performed by heat-treating the coating film containing the (first) silicon compound in combination with an excimer irradiation treatment described later.
- a method of heating a coating film by contacting a substrate with a heating element such as a heat block a method of heating an atmosphere by an external heater such as a resistance wire, an infrared region such as an IR heater, etc.
- a method using light can be raised, but is not particularly limited. Moreover, you may select suitably the method which can maintain the smoothness of the coating film containing a silicon compound.
- the temperature of the coating film during the heat treatment is preferably adjusted appropriately in the range of 50 ° C. to 250 ° C., more preferably in the range of 100 ° C. to 200 ° C.
- the heating time is preferably in the range of 1 second to 10 hours, more preferably in the range of 10 seconds to 1 hour.
- the layer (second barrier layer) formed preferably from a coating film containing a silicon compound itself has a gas barrier property (water vapor transmission rate is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less).
- a gas barrier property water vapor transmission rate is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 g / (m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less.
- UV irradiation treatment treatment by ultraviolet irradiation is also preferable as one of the modification treatment methods.
- Ozone and active oxygen atoms generated by ultraviolet light have high oxidation ability, and can form a silicon oxide film or silicon oxynitride film having high density and insulation at low temperatures. It is.
- the substrate Due to this ultraviolet irradiation, the substrate is heated, and O 2 and H 2 O contributing to ceramicization (silica conversion), an ultraviolet absorber, and polysilazane itself are excited and activated. The conversion to ceramics is promoted, and the resulting ceramic film becomes denser. Irradiation with ultraviolet rays is effective at any time after the formation of the coating film.
- any commonly used ultraviolet ray generator can be used.
- the ultraviolet ray referred to in the present invention generally refers to an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of 10 to 400 nm, but in the case of an ultraviolet irradiation treatment other than the vacuum ultraviolet ray (10 to 200 nm) treatment described later, it is preferably 210 to 375 nm. Use ultraviolet light.
- the irradiation intensity and the irradiation time are set within a range in which the substrate carrying the second barrier layer to be irradiated is not damaged.
- a 2 kW (80 W / cm ⁇ 25 cm) lamp is used, and the strength of the base material surface is 20 to 300 mW / cm 2 , preferably 50 to 200 mW / cm.
- the distance between the substrate and the ultraviolet irradiation lamp can be set so as to be 2, and irradiation can be performed for 0.1 seconds to 10 minutes.
- the substrate temperature during ultraviolet irradiation treatment is 150 ° C. or more
- the properties of the substrate are impaired, such as deformation of the substrate or deterioration of its strength.
- a modification treatment at a higher temperature is possible.
- the substrate temperature at the time of ultraviolet irradiation there is no general upper limit for the substrate temperature at the time of ultraviolet irradiation, and it can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art depending on the type of substrate.
- ultraviolet ray generating means examples include metal halide lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, low-pressure mercury lamps, xenon arc lamps, carbon arc lamps, and excimer lamps (single wavelengths of 172 nm, 222 nm, and 308 nm, for example, USHIO INC. )), UV light laser, and the like.
- the ultraviolet rays from the generation source are reflected by the reflector and then applied to the second barrier layer. It is desirable to guess.
- UV irradiation can be applied to both batch processing and continuous processing, and can be appropriately selected depending on the shape of the substrate used.
- a substrate for example, a silicon wafer
- the ultraviolet baking furnace itself is generally known, and for example, an ultraviolet baking furnace manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the base material which has a 2nd barrier layer on the surface is a elongate film form, it irradiates an ultraviolet-ray continuously in the drying zone equipped with the above ultraviolet-ray generation sources, conveying this. Can be made into ceramics.
- the time required for ultraviolet irradiation is generally 0.1 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably 0.5 seconds to 3 minutes, although it depends on the composition and concentration of the substrate used and the second barrier layer.
- the most preferable modification treatment method is treatment by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation (excimer irradiation treatment).
- the modification treatment by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation is appropriately selected depending on the type of silicon compound forming the second barrier layer, but when used for the coating film containing the first silicon compound exemplified above.
- the second barrier layer is preferably formed by a modification treatment that irradiates vacuum ultraviolet rays having a wavelength component of 180 nm or less.
- the first silicon compound is polysilazane
- a silicon oxide film is formed at a relatively low temperature (about 200 ° C. or less) by advancing an oxidation reaction with active oxygen or ozone while directly cutting atoms by the action of only photons called photon processes. Is the method.
- a rare gas excimer lamp is preferably used.
- noble gas atoms such as Xe, Kr, Ar, Ne, and the like are chemically bonded and do not form molecules, they are called inert gases.
- rare gas atoms excited atoms
- the rare gas is xenon, e + Xe ⁇ e + Xe * Xe * + Xe + Xe ⁇ Xe 2 * + Xe
- excimer light of 172 nm is emitted.
- ⁇ Excimer lamps are characterized by high efficiency because radiation concentrates on one wavelength and almost no other light is emitted. Moreover, since extra light is not radiated
- Dielectric barrier discharge is a lightning generated in a gas space by arranging a gas space between both electrodes via a dielectric (transparent quartz in the case of an excimer lamp) and applying a high frequency high voltage of several tens of kHz to the electrode.
- a dielectric transparent quartz in the case of an excimer lamp
- a high frequency high voltage of several tens of kHz to the electrode.
- the micro discharge streamer reaches the tube wall (dielectric)
- the electric discharge accumulates on the surface of the dielectric, and the micro discharge disappears.
- This micro discharge spreads over the entire tube wall, and is a discharge that repeatedly generates and disappears. For this reason, flickering of light that can be seen with the naked eye occurs.
- a very high temperature streamer reaches a pipe wall directly locally, there is a possibility that deterioration of the pipe wall may be accelerated.
- electrodeless field discharge is possible in addition to dielectric barrier discharge.
- Electrode-free electric field discharge due to capacitive coupling also called RF discharge.
- the lamp, the electrode, and the arrangement thereof may be basically the same as those of the dielectric barrier discharge, but the high frequency applied between the two electrodes is lit at several MHz. Since the electrodeless field discharge can provide a spatially and temporally uniform discharge in this way, a long-life lamp without flickering can be obtained.
- the outer electrode covers the entire outer surface and transmits light to extract light to the outside in order to cause discharge in the entire discharge space.
- an electrode in which a fine metal wire is formed in a net shape is used. Since this electrode uses as thin a line as possible so as not to block light, it is easily damaged by ozone generated by vacuum ultraviolet light in an oxygen atmosphere.
- Synthetic quartz windows are not only expensive consumables, but also cause light loss.
- the outer diameter of the double-cylindrical lamp is about 25 mm, the difference in distance to the irradiation surface cannot be ignored directly below the lamp axis and on the side of the lamp, resulting in a large difference in illuminance. Therefore, even if the lamps are closely arranged, a uniform illuminance distribution cannot be obtained. If the irradiation device is provided with a synthetic quartz window, the distance in the oxygen atmosphere can be made uniform, and a uniform illuminance distribution can be obtained.
- the biggest feature of the capillary excimer lamp is its simple structure.
- the quartz tube is closed at both ends, and only gas for excimer light emission is sealed inside. Therefore, a very inexpensive light source can be provided.
- Double-cylindrical lamps are easily damaged by handling and transportation compared to thin-tube lamps because they are processed by connecting both ends of the inner and outer tubes.
- the outer diameter of the tube of the thin tube lamp is about 6 to 12 mm. If it is too thick, a high voltage is required for starting.
- the discharge mode can be either dielectric barrier discharge or electrodeless field discharge.
- the electrode may have a flat surface in contact with the lamp, but if the shape is matched to the curved surface of the lamp, the lamp can be firmly fixed, and the discharge is more stable when the electrode is in close contact with the lamp. Also, if the curved surface is made into a mirror surface with aluminum, it also becomes a light reflector.
- the Xe excimer lamp is excellent in luminous efficiency because it emits ultraviolet light having a short wavelength of 172 nm at a single wavelength. Since this light has a large oxygen absorption coefficient, it can generate radical oxygen atom species and ozone at a high concentration with a very small amount of oxygen. In addition, it is known that the energy of light having a short wavelength of 172 nm for dissociating the bonds of organic substances has high ability. Due to the high energy of the active oxygen, ozone and ultraviolet radiation, the polysilazane film can be modified in a short time.
- ⁇ Excimer lamps have high light generation efficiency and can be lit with low power.
- light having a long wavelength that causes a temperature increase due to light is not emitted, and energy of a single wavelength is irradiated in the ultraviolet region, so that an increase in the surface temperature of the irradiation object is suppressed.
- flexible film materials such as polyethylene terephthalate which are considered to be easily affected by heat.
- the modifying treatment means L for example, as described above, having a thickness of 180 nm or less It is obtained by performing a modification treatment using irradiation of vacuum ultraviolet rays having a wavelength component.
- the modification proceeds on the surface layer side on the modification treatment means L side, and the modification does not proceed on the first barrier layer surface side, or the modification is not performed. This will not occur, and a modified region that has been modified in the layer and a non-modified region that has not been modified are formed.
- the second barrier layer according to the present invention is non-uniform in the film thickness direction.
- the second barrier layer is formed from a coating film containing polysilazane
- the vicinity of the surface layer is crosslinked with high density.
- it is a polysilazane region (modified region)
- it is a region (non-modified region) where the amount of crosslinked polysilazane is small from the surface layer side to the first barrier layer side in the depth direction.
- This point is also confirmed from the graph of the calculation result of the element ratio (composition) in the depth direction of the film thickness by XPS measurement of the gas barrier film, which is FIG. 1 of JP 2012-16854 A.
- the barrier layer surface is 5% of the total barrier layer thickness (a point 7.5 nm from the surface).
- the O / Si ratio is in the range of 2.2 (surface) to 1.6, and in the thickness range of 95% from the substrate side, the maximum value is 1.6 and the minimum value is 0.7. It is shown that In the range of 0 to 110 ⁇ m in the depth direction of the barrier layer, the N / Si ratio is a maximum of 0.7, but on the substrate side (110 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m), the N / Si ratio is extremely reduced. It is confirmed that
- the conversion rate of the entire layer is preferably about 10 to 50%.
- the second barrier layer 4B has a low modified region (non-modified region) on the substrate 2 surface side and a high modified region (modified region) on the surface layer side.
- the modified region formed by the modification treatment can be confirmed by various methods. A method of confirming the cross section of the second barrier layer after the modification treatment by observing with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is the most effective.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the gas barrier film according to the present invention is subjected to cross-sectional TEM observation after a thin piece is produced by the following FIB processing apparatus. At this time, if the sample is continuously irradiated with an electron beam, a contrast difference appears between a portion that is damaged by the electron beam and a portion that is not.
- the modified region according to the present invention is less susceptible to electron beam damage because it is densified by the modification process, but in the non-modified region, it is damaged due to electron beam damage, and alteration is confirmed.
- the thickness of the modified region and the non-modified region can be calculated by the cross-sectional TEM observation confirmed in this way.
- the film thickness of the modified region estimated in this manner is 0.2 to 0.9 as the film thickness ratio with respect to the thickness of the second barrier layer 4B. preferable. More preferably, it is 0.3 or more and 0.9 or less, More preferably, it is 0.4 or more and 0.8 or less.
- the film thickness of the modified region with respect to the total film thickness of the second barrier layer 4A is 0.2 or more, the barrier performance and flexibility of the second barrier layer are improved, and when it is 0.9 or less, It is preferable because the barrier performance and flexibility are improved.
- the gas barrier layer obtained by subjecting the second barrier layer to the modification treatment causes stress concentration by setting the ratio of the modified region in the second barrier layer to the range specified above. It is possible to prevent cracks and achieve both a high barrier property and a stress relaxation function.
- surface treatment can be efficiently performed with vacuum ultraviolet light in a short time, which is preferable because the effects of the present invention are remarkably exhibited.
- the first barrier layer is preferably formed of a film containing silicon oxide, silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride compound, and the film density of the modified region on the processing surface side of the second barrier layer d1 and the film density d2 of the non-modified non-modified region can be obtained according to the following method.
- -X-ray reflectivity measuring device Rigaku Electric's thin film structure evaluation device ATX-G ⁇ X-ray source target: Copper (1.2kW)
- the order of numerical values of the film densities d1 and d2 preferably satisfies the relationship d1> d2.
- a modified region exists, and the modified region further has the following characteristics.
- the second barrier layer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a coating film modification process, regions having different properties can be formed without an interface without generating dislocation lines that are likely to occur during deposition of gas phase molecules. It is assumed that it can be done.
- a high density region is formed in the modified region, and further, a high density Si— When the distance between O atoms is measured, a microcrystalline region is confirmed, and a crystallized region is confirmed in a region having the highest density.
- the surface region SiO 2 of the second barrier layer according to the present invention is treated at a low temperature of 200 ° C. or lower on the resin substrate. But crystallization can be achieved. Although the reason is not clear, the present inventors considered that the cyclic structure of 3 to 5 contained in polysilazane has an interatomic distance advantageous for forming a crystal structure. The process of dissolution, rearrangement, and crystallization described above is unnecessary, and it is assumed that the modification process is involved in the existing short-range order and the ordering can be performed with less energy.
- the modification treatment by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation is most preferred for forming the modified region.
- the mechanism by which this modified region is formed is not clear, but the present inventor simultaneously proceeds with a direct cleavage of the silazane compound by light energy and a surface oxidation reaction by active oxygen or ozone generated in the gas phase, It is presumed that a reforming speed difference occurs between the surface side and the inside of the reforming process, and as a result, a reforming region is formed. Further, as a means for positively controlling the difference in the reforming rate, there is a method of controlling the surface oxidation reaction by active oxygen or ozone generated in the gas phase.
- the desired composition, film thickness, and density of the modified region can be obtained.
- the conditions that contribute to the surface oxidation reaction such as oxygen concentration, processing temperature, humidity, irradiation distance, and irradiation time, during the irradiation.
- the desired composition, film thickness, and density of the modified region can be obtained.
- a mode in which the oxygen concentration is changed during irradiation is preferable, and the nitrogen content on the surface side can be reduced and the film thickness can be increased by increasing the oxygen concentration in accordance with the change in the conditions.
- the thickness of the second barrier layer is 10 to 1000 nm
- the vacuum ultraviolet illuminance is 10 to 200 mJ / cm 2
- the irradiation distance is 0.1 to 10 mm
- the oxygen concentration is 0 to 5%
- a dew point temperature of 10 to -50 ° C, a temperature of 25 to 200 ° C, and a treatment time of 0.1 to 150 seconds can be selected.
- the temperature is preferably 50 to 200 ° C., more preferably 70 to 200 ° C.
- strength is high, the probability that the photon and the chemical bond in polysilazane will collide will increase, and modification
- the modified film thickness can be increased and / or the film quality can be improved (densification).
- the irradiation time is too long, the flatness may be deteriorated and other materials of the barrier film may be damaged.
- the progress of the reaction is considered by the integrated light quantity expressed by the product of the irradiation intensity and the irradiation time.
- the irradiation intensity The absolute value of may be important.
- a modification treatment that gives a maximum irradiation intensity of 100 to 200 mW / cm 2 at least once in the vacuum ultraviolet irradiation step.
- the treatment time can be shortened in a short time without suddenly deteriorating the reforming efficiency, and by setting it to 200 mW / cm 2 or less, gas barrier performance can be efficiently provided ( Even if it exceeds 200 mW / cm 2 , the increase in gas barrier properties slows down, and not only damage to the substrate, but also damage to the lamp and other components of the lamp unit can be suppressed, and the life of the lamp itself can be reduced. Can be extended.
- the second barrier layer according to the present invention to modification treatment by the vacuum ultraviolet light is preferably integrated light amount of the vacuum ultraviolet light is 1000 mJ / cm 2 or more ⁇ 10000 mJ / cm 2 or less.
- the accumulated light quantity of vacuum ultraviolet light is preferably in the range of 1000 to 10000 mJ / cm 2 from the viewpoints of barrier performance and productivity.
- the surface roughness (Ra) of the surface on the modification treatment side of the second barrier layer according to the present invention is preferably 2 nm or less, more preferably 1 nm or less.
- the smooth film surface with few irregularities improves the light transmission efficiency and reduces the leakage current between the electrodes. This is preferable because the conversion efficiency is improved.
- the surface roughness (Ra) of the gas barrier layer according to the present invention can be measured by the following method.
- the surface roughness is calculated from an uneven sectional curve continuously measured with an AFM (Atomic Force Microscope), for example, DI3100 manufactured by Digital Instruments, with a detector having a stylus with a minimum tip radius. This is a roughness related to the amplitude of fine irregularities measured by a stylus many times in a section whose measurement direction is several tens of ⁇ m.
- AFM Atomic Force Microscope
- Step (2) of Forming Second Barrier Layer In the method for producing a gas barrier film according to the present invention, a step of forming a second barrier layer by modifying a coating film formed by applying the first silicon compound-containing liquid on the first barrier layer. (2) is to apply a first silicon compound-containing liquid on the first barrier layer to form a coating film, then pre-treat the coating film, and to the pre-treated coating film It is preferable to perform the modification treatment, and after the first silicon compound-containing liquid is applied on the first barrier layer to form a coating film, the coating film is pretreated, and after the pretreatment It is more preferable to form the second barrier layer by a modification treatment in which a vacuum ultraviolet ray having a wavelength component of 180 nm or less is applied to the coating film.
- the coating film formed by applying the first silicon compound according to the present invention preferably has moisture removed before or during the modification treatment. . Therefore, pretreatment is preferably performed in the production of the second barrier layer.
- the pretreatment preferably includes a heating step (A) of 50 to 200 ° C. before irradiation with vacuum ultraviolet light, and more preferably vacuum ultraviolet light for the purpose of removing an organic solvent in the silicon compound coating film. It is more preferable to include a heating step (A) at 50 to 200 ° C. before the irradiation and a subsequent step (B) aimed at removing moisture in the silicon compound coating film. By removing moisture before or during the reforming process, the efficiency of the subsequent reforming process is improved.
- the drying conditions can be appropriately determined by a method such as heat treatment, and the conditions may be such that moisture is removed at this time.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably a high temperature from the viewpoint of rapid processing, but it is preferable to appropriately determine the temperature and treatment time in consideration of thermal damage to the resin film substrate.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the heat treatment temperature can be set to 200 ° C. or less.
- the treatment time is preferably set to a short time so that the solvent is removed and the thermal damage to the substrate is reduced. If the heat treatment temperature is 200 ° C. or less, the treatment time can be set within 30 minutes.
- the step (B) is a step for removing moisture in the silicon compound coating film, and as a method for removing moisture, a form of dehumidification while maintaining a low humidity environment is preferable. Since humidity in a low-humidity environment varies depending on temperature, a preferable form is shown for the relationship between temperature and humidity by defining the dew point temperature.
- a preferable dew point temperature is 4 ° C. or lower (temperature 25 ° C./humidity 25%), a more preferable dew point temperature is ⁇ 8 ° C. (temperature 25 ° C./humidity 10%) or lower, and a more preferable dew point temperature is ⁇ 31 ° C. (temperature 25 ° C./temperature).
- the maintained time is preferably set appropriately depending on the thickness of the second barrier layer.
- the dew point temperature is ⁇ 8 ° C. or less and the maintaining time is 5 minutes or more.
- the lower limit of the dew point temperature is not particularly limited, but is usually ⁇ 50 ° C. or higher, and preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. or higher.
- the dew point temperature is ⁇ 8 ° C. or less and the maintaining time is 5 minutes or more.
- the pressure in the vacuum drying can be selected from normal pressure to 0.1 MPa.
- the dew point of the process (B) is 4 ° C.
- the conditions for removing moisture can be selected from a treatment time of 5 minutes to 120 minutes.
- the process (A) and the process (B) can be distinguished by changing the dew point, and can be classified by changing the dew point of the process environment by 10 ° C. or more.
- the silicon compound coating film is preferably subjected to a modification treatment while maintaining its state even after moisture is removed in the step (B).
- the moisture content of the silicon compound coating film can be measured according to the following analytical method.
- the moisture content in the coating film of the first silicon compound is defined as a value obtained by dividing the moisture content (g) obtained by the above analysis method by the volume (L) of the second barrier layer. In a state where moisture is removed, it is preferably 0.1% (g / L) or less, and a more preferable water content is 0.01% (g / L) or less (below the detection limit).
- removal of moisture before or during the reforming treatment is a preferable form from the viewpoint of promoting the dehydration reaction of the second barrier layer converted to silanol.
- the protective layer according to the present invention is obtained by modifying a coating film formed by applying the second silicon compound on the second barrier layer. Therefore, it is preferable to add the second silicon compound to a solvent to prepare a solution containing the second silicon compound and apply the solution on the second barrier layer.
- the protective layer according to the present invention does not have gas barrier properties, in other words, water vapor permeability (water vapor permeability) (60 ⁇ 0.5 ° C., relative humidity (90 ⁇ 2)% RH) is 5 g / It is a thin film of (cm 2 ⁇ 24h) or more.
- the protective layer according to the present invention in the gas barrier film, excellent smoothness can be ensured by the reaction of the protective film forming component to the convex and concave portions of the barrier surface, and the glass surface stress on the barrier surface It is possible to ensure excellent bending resistance, smoothness and suitability for cutting by relaxing the above.
- the average thickness of the protective layer according to the present invention is preferably 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 100 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the average thickness is in the range.
- the second silicon compound coating method and the average thickness of the coating film according to the present invention are the same as those of the first silicon compound coating method, they are omitted here.
- the protective layer reforming process according to the present invention is the same method, conditions, and apparatus as the above-described reforming process for forming the second barrier layer unless otherwise specified in the following description. I will omit it.
- the protective layer according to the present invention is particularly preferably subjected to a modification treatment with vacuum ultraviolet light.
- the protective layer according to the present invention is preferably uniform in both the surface direction and the depth direction, in other words, it is preferable that there is almost no unmodified region,
- the protective layer after the modification treatment is in a state where almost all of the siloxanes are crosslinked.
- the same vacuum ultraviolet light irradiation treatment as described in the formation of the first barrier layer can be applied.
- the integrated light quantity of vacuum ultraviolet light when forming the protective layer by reforming polysiloxane layer according to the present invention 500 mJ / cm 2 or more, preferably 10,000 / cm 2 or less. If the cumulative amount of vacuum ultraviolet light is 500 mJ / cm 2 or more, sufficient barrier performance can be obtained, and if it is 10,000 mJ / cm 2 or less, a protective layer having high smoothness without deformation of the substrate. Can be formed.
- the film density of the protective layer according to the present invention is 0.35 g / cm 3 or more, sufficient mechanical strength of the coating film can be obtained. Moreover, if the film density is 1.2 g / cm 3 or less, sufficient cutting processability can be obtained.
- the film density of the protective layer is preferably 0.4 to 1.1 g / cm 3 , more preferably 0.5 to 1.0 g / cm 3 .
- the second silicon compound according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as a coating solution containing a silicon compound can be prepared. However, there are few defects such as film formability and cracks, and there are few residual organic substances.
- the first silicon compound according to the present invention preferably contains polysiloxane.
- polysiloxane examples include those described in the above (first silicon compound) column and those described later, and are omitted here.
- the step of forming the protective layer according to the present invention comprises applying a solution obtained by mixing the second silicon compound and the solvent (second silicon compound-containing liquid) onto the second barrier layer and applying a coating film. It is preferable to form and modify the coating film, and after applying and pretreating the coating solution containing polysiloxane on the second barrier layer by a wet coating method, It is more preferable to form a protective layer having a polysiloxane modified layer by irradiation with vacuum ultraviolet light, and a coating liquid containing polysiloxane is applied onto the second barrier layer by a wet coating method and dried. After that, it is more preferable to form a protective layer as a polysiloxane modified layer by irradiating the dried coating film with vacuum ultraviolet light.
- the coating solution for forming a protective film used for forming the protective layer is preferably a mixed solution of the second silicon compound and an organic solvent, and mainly contains (A) polysiloxane and (B) an organic solvent. Is more preferable.
- the polysiloxane applicable to the formation of the protective layer according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but an organopolysiloxane represented by the following general formula (a) is particularly preferable.
- R 3 to R 8 each represent the same or different organic group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- R 3 to R 8 contain either an alkoxy group or a hydroxyl group.
- m is 1 or more.
- Examples of the organic group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms represented by R 3 to R 8 include halogenated alkyl groups such as ⁇ -chloropropyl group and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group, vinyl group, and phenyl group.
- (Meth) acrylic acid ester groups such as ⁇ -methacryloxypropyl group, epoxy-containing alkyl groups such as ⁇ -glycidoxypropyl group, mercapto-containing alkyl groups such as ⁇ -mercaptopropyl group, ⁇ -aminopropyl group, etc.
- Isocyanate-containing alkyl groups such as aminoalkyl groups and ⁇ -isocyanatopropyl groups, linear or branched alkyl groups such as methyl groups, ethyl groups, n-propyl groups and isopropyl groups, alicyclic alkyl groups such as cyclohexyl groups and cyclopentyl groups Group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, etc., linear or branched alkoxy , An acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butyryl group, valeryl group, etc. acyl group such as caproyl group.
- an organopolysiloxane having m of 1 or more and a weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of 1,000 to 20,000 is particularly preferred. If the weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of the organopolysiloxane is 1000 or more, the protective layer to be formed is hardly cracked and can maintain the water vapor barrier property, and if it is 20,000 or less, it is formed. Curing of the protective layer is sufficient, so that sufficient hardness can be obtained as the protective layer obtained.
- Examples of (B) organic solvents applicable to the present invention include alcohol solvents, ketone solvents, amide solvents, ester solvents, aprotic solvents, and the like.
- examples of the alcohol solvent include n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, n-pentanol, iso-pentanol, 2-methylbutanol, sec- Pentanol, tert-pentanol, 3-methoxybutanol, n-hexanol, 2-methylpentanol, sec-hexanol, 2-ethylbutanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene Glycol monobutyl ether and the like are preferable.
- ketone solvents include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl-n-propyl ketone, methyl-n-butyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl-iso-butyl ketone, methyl-n-pentyl ketone, ethyl-n-butyl ketone, methyl-n-hexyl.
- ketone di-iso-butyl ketone, trimethylnonanone, cyclohexanone, 2-hexanone, methylcyclohexanone, 2,4-pentanedione, acetonylacetone, acetophenone, fenchon, acetylacetone, 2,4-hexanedione, 2 , 4-heptanedione, 3,5-heptanedione, 2,4-octanedione, 3,5-octanedione, 2,4-nonanedione, 3,5-nonanedione, 5-methyl-2,4-hexanedione, 2,2,6,6-tetrame Le-3,5-heptane dione, 1,1,1,5,5,5 beta-diketones such as hexafluoro-2,4-heptane dione and the like.
- ketone solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- amide solvents include formamide, N-methylformamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-ethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, acetamide, N-methylacetamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-ethylacetamide N, N-diethylacetamide, N-methylpropionamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-formylmorpholine, N-formylpiperidine, N-formylpyrrolidine, N-acetylmorpholine, N-acetylpiperidine, N-acetylpyrrolidine, etc. Can be mentioned. These amide solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- ester solvents include diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, n-propyl acetate, iso-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and iso -Butyl, sec-butyl acetate, n-pentyl acetate, sec-pentyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, methyl pentyl acetate, 2-ethylbutyl acetate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, benzyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, methylcyclohexyl acetate, n-acetate -Nonyl, methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, methyl
- Aprotic solvents include acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N, N ′, N′-tetraethylsulfamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, N-methylmorpholone, N-methylpyrrole, N-ethylpyrrole, N -Methylpiperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, N, N-dimethylpiperazine, N-methylimidazole, N-methyl-4-piperidone, N-methyl-2-piperidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl Examples include -2-imidazolidinone and 1,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2 (1H) -pyrimidinone.
- the above organic solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- organic solvent alcohol solvents are preferable among the above organic solvents.
- the method for applying the coating liquid for forming the protective layer include spin coating, dipping, roller blades, and spraying methods.
- the thickness of the protective layer formed after the protective layer-forming coating solution (after the modification treatment) is preferably in the range of 100 nm to 10 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the protective layer is 100 nm or more, barrier properties under high humidity can be secured, and if it is 10 ⁇ m or less, stable coating properties can be obtained when forming the protective layer, and high light transmission is achieved. Can be realized.
- the protective layer according to the present invention is preferably formed through a heating step (A) in which the heating temperature is 50 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower before irradiation with vacuum ultraviolet light as a pretreatment. If the heating temperature is 50 ° C. or higher, sufficient barrier properties can be obtained, and if it is 200 ° C. or lower, a protective layer having high smoothness can be formed without deforming the substrate.
- a hot plate, an oven, a furnace, or the like can be used as a heating method used in the heating step.
- a heating atmosphere an atmosphere, a nitrogen atmosphere, an argon atmosphere, a vacuum, a reduced pressure with a controlled oxygen concentration, or the like. It can be carried out.
- the protective layer according to the present invention is more preferably a heating step (A) at 50 to 200 ° C. before irradiation with vacuum ultraviolet light for the purpose of removing the organic solvent in the silicon compound coating film, followed by silicon It is more preferable to include a step (B) aimed at removing moisture in the compound coating film. By removing moisture before or during the reforming process, the efficiency of the subsequent reforming process is improved.
- anchor coat layer On the surface of the substrate according to the present invention, it is preferable to form an anchor coat layer as an intermediate layer for the purpose of improving the adhesion with the first barrier layer.
- the anchor coating agent used in this anchor coat layer include polyester resin, isocyanate resin, urethane resin, acrylic resin, ethylene vinyl alcohol resin, vinyl modified resin, epoxy resin, modified styrene resin, modified silicon resin, and alkyl titanate. One or two or more can be used in combination. Among these, an epoxy resin is particularly preferable. Conventionally known additives can be added to these anchor coating agents.
- the above-mentioned anchor coating agent is coated on a substrate by a known method such as roll coating, gravure coating, knife coating, dip coating, spray coating, and the like, and is coated by drying and removing the solvent, diluent, etc. Can do.
- the application amount of the anchor coating agent is preferably about 0.1 to 5 g / m 2 (dry state).
- the surface preferably has a pencil hardness specified by JIS K 5600-5-4 of H or higher. Further, it is preferable to provide a smooth layer such that the surface roughness of the intermediate layer is 10 nm ⁇ Rt (p) ⁇ 30 nm at the maximum cross-sectional height Rt (p) defined by JIS B 0601: 2001.
- the film thickness of the smooth layer is not limited, but the film thickness of the smooth layer is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m in order to cover the unevenness of the resin substrate surface to form a smooth surface and ensure flexibility. A more preferable range is 5 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m.
- the second barrier layer when the second barrier layer is formed by modifying the coating film of the silicon compound on the first barrier layer by chemical vapor deposition as in the present invention, the second barrier layer is used for repairing defects or the surface of the first barrier layer.
- the first barrier layer receives the stress, which causes defects.
- the configuration of the present invention may not be fully utilized.
- a layer below the first barrier layer is provided with a smooth layer such that the maximum surface height difference Rt is 10 nm ⁇ Rt ⁇ 30 nm. It was found that concentration on the first barrier layer was prevented, and the effect of the configuration of the present invention could be exhibited most.
- the higher inorganic component of the smooth layer is preferable from the viewpoint of the adhesion between the first barrier layer and the substrate and the increase in hardness of the smooth layer, and the composition ratio of the entire smooth layer may be 10% by mass or more. Preferably, 20 mass% or more is more preferable.
- the smooth layer may be an organic-inorganic hybrid composition such as a mixture of an organic resin binder (photosensitive resin) and inorganic particles, or may be an inorganic layer that can be formed by a sol-gel method or the like.
- the smooth layer also flattens the rough surface of the transparent resin film substrate where protrusions and the like are present, or unevenness and pinholes generated in the transparent first barrier layer due to the protrusions present on the transparent resin film substrate. Is provided to fill and flatten.
- Such a smooth layer is basically formed by curing a thermosetting resin or a photosensitive resin.
- thermosetting resin used for formation of a smooth layer
- thermosetting urethane resin which consists of acrylic polyol and isocyanate prepolymer, phenol resin, urea melamine resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin And silicon resin (resins having silsesquioxane having an organic-inorganic hybrid structure as a basic skeleton) and the like.
- an epoxy resin and a silicon resin are preferable, and an epoxy resin is particularly preferable.
- Examples of the photosensitive resin used for forming the smooth layer include a resin composition containing an acrylate compound having a radical reactive unsaturated compound, a resin composition containing an acrylate compound and a mercapto compound having a thiol group, and epoxy acrylate. And a resin composition in which a polyfunctional acrylate monomer such as urethane acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, polyethylene glycol acrylate, or glycerol methacrylate is dissolved. It is also possible to use an arbitrary mixture of the above resin compositions, and any photosensitive resin containing a reactive monomer having one or more photopolymerizable unsaturated bonds in the molecule can be used. There are no particular restrictions.
- Examples of reactive monomers having at least one photopolymerizable unsaturated bond in the molecule include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, and n-pentyl.
- composition of the photosensitive resin contains a photopolymerization initiator.
- photopolymerization initiator examples include benzophenone, methyl o-benzoylbenzoate, 4,4-bis (dimethylamine) benzophenone, 4,4-bis (diethylamine) benzophenone, ⁇ -amino acetophenone, 4,4-dichloro Benzophenone, 4-benzoyl-4-methyldiphenyl ketone, dibenzyl ketone, fluorenone, 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, p- tert-Butyldichloroacetophenone, thioxanthone, 2-methylthioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, diethylthioxanthone, benzyldimethyl ketal, benzylmethoxyethyl acetal, benzo Methyl ether
- the method for forming the smooth layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably formed by a wet coating method such as a spin coating method, a spray method, a blade coating method, a dip method, or a dry coating method such as an evaporation method.
- a wet coating method such as a spin coating method, a spray method, a blade coating method, a dip method, or a dry coating method such as an evaporation method.
- additives such as an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, and a plasticizer can be added to the above-described photosensitive resin as necessary.
- an appropriate resin or additive may be used in order to improve the film formability and prevent the generation of pinholes in the film.
- Solvents used when forming a smooth layer using a coating solution in which a photosensitive resin is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, ⁇ -Or terpenes such as ⁇ -terpineol, etc., ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, diethyl ketone, 2-heptanone, 4-heptanone, aroma such as toluene, xylene, tetramethylbenzene Group hydrocarbons, cellosolve, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, carbitol, methyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl
- the smoothness of the smooth layer is a value expressed by the surface roughness specified by JIS B 0601, and the maximum cross-sectional height Rt (p) is preferably 10 nm or more and 30 nm or less. If it is smaller than 10 nm, the coating property may be impaired when the coating means comes into contact with the surface of the smooth layer by a coating method such as a wire bar or a wireless bar in the step of coating a silicon compound described later. . Moreover, when larger than 30 nm, it may become difficult to smooth the unevenness
- the surface roughness is calculated from an uneven cross-sectional curve continuously measured by an AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) with a detector having a stylus having a minimum tip radius, and the measurement direction is several tens by the stylus having a minimum tip radius. It is the roughness related to the amplitude of fine irregularities measured in a section of ⁇ m many times. Specifically, the measurement range for one time is 80 ⁇ m ⁇ 80 ⁇ m, and measurement is performed three times by changing the measurement location.
- AFM Anamic Force Microscope
- One of the preferred embodiments of the smooth layer is, as an additive, for example, when a photosensitive resin is used as the smooth layer, reactive silica particles in which a photosensitive group having photopolymerization reactivity is introduced into the surface of the photosensitive resin.
- reactive silica particles examples include a polymerizable unsaturated group represented by a (meth) acryloyloxy group.
- the photosensitive resin contains a photopolymerizable photosensitive group introduced on the surface of the reactive silica particles and a compound capable of photopolymerization, for example, an unsaturated organic compound having a polymerizable unsaturated group. It may be.
- what adjusted solid content by mixing a general-purpose dilution solvent suitably with such a reactive silica particle or the unsaturated organic compound which has a polymerizable unsaturated group can be used.
- the average particle size of the reactive silica particles is preferably 0.001 to 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size in such a range, the antiglare property and the resolution, which are the effects of the present invention, can be obtained by using in combination with a matting agent composed of inorganic particles having an average particle size of 1 to 10 ⁇ m described later. It becomes easy to form a smooth layer having both optical properties satisfying a good balance and hard coat properties. From the viewpoint of making it easier to obtain such effects, it is more preferable to use an average particle size of 0.001 to 0.01 ⁇ m.
- the smooth layer used in the present invention preferably contains 10% or more of the above-described inorganic particles as a mass ratio. Furthermore, it is preferable to contain 20% or more. Addition of 10% or more improves adhesion with the gas barrier layer.
- a polymerizable unsaturated group-modified hydrolyzable silane is chemically bonded to a silica particle by generating a silyloxy group by a hydrolysis reaction of a hydrolyzable silyl group.
- hydrolyzable silyl group examples include a carboxylylate silyl group such as an alkoxylyl group and an acetoxysilyl group, a halogenated silyl group such as a chlorosilyl group, an aminosilyl group, an oxime silyl group, and a hydridosilyl group.
- Examples of the polymerizable unsaturated group include acryloyloxy group, methacryloyloxy group, vinyl group, propenyl group, butadienyl group, styryl group, ethynyl group, cinnamoyl group, malate group, and acrylamide group.
- the thickness of the smooth layer is 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 6 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is 1 ⁇ m or more, the smoothness of the film having a smooth layer is sufficient, and the surface hardness is easily improved.
- the thickness is 10 ⁇ m or less, the balance of optical properties of the smooth film can be easily adjusted.
- the smooth layer is provided only on one surface of the transparent polymer film, curling of the smooth film can be easily suppressed.
- a bleed-out prevention layer in the gas barrier film of the present invention, can be provided as an intermediate layer.
- the bleed-out prevention layer is used for the purpose of suppressing the phenomenon that unreacted oligomers migrate from the film base material to the surface when the film having the smooth layer is heated and contaminate the contact surface. It is provided on the opposite surface of the substrate.
- the bleed-out prevention layer may basically have the same configuration as the smooth layer as long as it has this function.
- the film undergoes large film shrinkage during the modification treatment, it is preferable to suppress the lateral deformation and prevent cracking.
- a so-called hard coat layer having a high surface hardness or elastic modulus can be provided, but the bleed-out preventing layer can also serve as the hard coat layer.
- Examples of the unsaturated organic compound having a polymerizable unsaturated group that can be included in the bleed-out prevention layer include a polyunsaturated organic compound having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups in the molecule, or in the molecule And monounsaturated organic compounds having one polymerizable unsaturated group.
- the polyunsaturated organic compound for example, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, glycerol di (meth) acrylate, glycerol tri (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di (Meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, dicyclopentanyl di (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) ) Acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol monohydroxypenta (meth) acrylate, ditrimethylolprop Tetra (meth) acrylate, di
- Examples of monounsaturated organic compounds include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, isodecyl (meth) acrylate, and lauryl.
- Matting agents may be added as other additives.
- the matting agent inorganic particles having an average particle diameter of about 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m are preferable.
- inorganic particles one or more of silica, alumina, talc, clay, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide and the like can be used in combination. .
- the matting agent composed of inorganic particles is 2 parts by mass or more, preferably 4 parts by mass or more, more preferably 6 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less, preferably 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the hard coating agent. It is desirable that they are mixed in a proportion of 18 parts by mass or less, more preferably 16 parts by mass or less.
- the bleed-out prevention layer may contain a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, an ionizing radiation curable resin, a photopolymerization initiator and the like as other components of the hard coat agent and the matting agent.
- a thermosetting resin it is preferable to contain a thermosetting resin.
- thermosetting resin examples include thermosetting urethane resin composed of acrylic polyol and isocyanate prepolymer, phenol resin, urea melamine resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, silicon resin, and the like.
- thermoplastic resin examples include cellulose derivatives such as acetylcellulose, nitrocellulose, acetylbutylcellulose, ethylcellulose, and methylcellulose, vinyl acetate and copolymers thereof, vinyl chloride and copolymers thereof, vinylidene chloride and copolymers thereof, and the like.
- Vinyl resins, acetal resins such as polyvinyl formal and polyvinyl butyral, acrylic resins and copolymers thereof, acrylic resins such as methacrylic resins and copolymers thereof, polystyrene resins, polyamide resins, linear polyester resins, polycarbonate resins Etc.
- an ionizing radiation curable resin an ionizing radiation (ultraviolet ray or electron beam) is irradiated to an ionizing radiation curable coating material in which one or more of a photopolymerizable prepolymer or a photopolymerizable monomer is mixed. Those that cure can be used.
- a photopolymerizable prepolymer an acrylic prepolymer having two or more acryloyl groups in one molecule and having a three-dimensional network structure by crosslinking and curing is particularly preferably used.
- urethane acrylate, polyester acrylate, epoxy acrylate, melamine acrylate and the like can be used.
- the photopolymerizable monomer the polyunsaturated organic compounds described above can be used.
- photopolymerization initiator examples include acetophenone, benzophenone, Michler ketone, benzoin, benzyl methyl ketal, benzoin benzoate, hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-methyl-1- (4- (methylthio) phenyl) -2- (4-morpholinyl ) -1-propane, ⁇ -acyloxime ester, thioxanthone and the like.
- the bleed-out prevention layer as described above is prepared as a coating solution by mixing a hard coating agent, a matting agent, and other components as necessary, and appropriately using a diluent solvent as necessary. It can be formed by coating the film surface with a conventionally known coating method and then curing it by irradiating with ionizing radiation.
- irradiating with ionizing radiation ultraviolet rays having a wavelength range of 100 to 400 nm, preferably 200 to 400 nm, emitted from an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure mercury lamp, a carbon arc, a metal halide lamp, or the like are irradiated or scanned.
- the irradiation can be performed by irradiating an electron beam having a wavelength region of 100 nm or less emitted from a type or curtain type electron beam accelerator.
- the thickness of the bleed-out prevention layer in the present invention is 1 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 7 ⁇ m. By making it 1 ⁇ m or more, it becomes easy to make the heat resistance as a film sufficient, and by making it 10 ⁇ m or less, it becomes easy to adjust the balance of the optical properties of the smooth film, and the smooth layer is one of the transparent polymer films. The curl of the gas barrier film when provided on the surface can be easily suppressed.
- the gas barrier film according to the present invention is characterized in that a substrate, a first barrier layer, a second barrier layer, and a protective layer are sequentially laminated, and the protective layer does not have a gas barrier property.
- the average thickness of the gas barrier film according to the present invention is preferably 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 100 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- a laminate (not including a base material) in which a first barrier layer, a second barrier layer, and a protective layer are sequentially laminated is referred to as a “gas barrier layer unit”.
- the gas barrier layer unit may be arranged on both surfaces of the base material.
- the gas barrier layer units (first barrier layer, second barrier layer, and protective layer) formed on both surfaces of the substrate may be the same or different.
- heat-resistant resins represented by polyimide and polyetherimide are non-crystalline, so the water absorption is larger than that of crystalline PET and PEN, and the dimensional change of the substrate due to humidity is larger. End up.
- the gas barrier unit By providing the gas barrier unit on both the front and back sides of the base material, the dimensional change of the base material at both high temperature and high humidity can be suppressed.
- the process temperature may exceed 200 ° C. in the array fabrication process, and it is preferable to use a high heat-resistant substrate.
- the gas barrier film according to the present invention may include an intermediate layer (anchor coat layer, smooth layer, and / or bleed-out) between the substrate and the first barrier layer, if necessary. A prevention layer) may be provided.
- a protective layer 4A By configuring the non-modified region between the dense first barrier layer 3 and the modified region of the second barrier layer 4B, it is possible to suppress stress concentration during bending to a specific layer. It has been found that the resistance to bending can be drastically improved, and that the barrier property under high humidity can be ensured by installing the protective layer having no gas barrier property on the outermost side, leading to the present invention. It depends on you.
- the thickness of the modified region formed on the surface side of the second barrier layer 4B according to the present invention is 0.2 or more and 0.9 or less with respect to the total film thickness of the second barrier layer 4B.
- the film thickness ratio is preferable, 0.3 to 0.9 is more preferable, and 0.4 to 0.8 is more preferable.
- the first barrier layer 3 formed by chemical vapor deposition is composed of silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride, and the elastic modulus of the first barrier layer 3 is E1.
- the elastic modulus of the modified region in the second barrier layer 4B is E2
- the elastic modulus of the non-modified region in the second barrier layer 4B is E3, it is preferable that the relationship of E1>E2> E3 is satisfied. .
- the elastic modulus of the modified region and the non-modified region in the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer can be determined by a conventionally known elastic modulus measurement method.
- Vibron DDV-2 manufactured by Orientec A second barrier layer was formed on a transparent substrate using RSA-II (manufactured by Rheometrics) as a measuring device and a method for measuring under a condition in which a constant strain is applied at a constant frequency (Hz).
- a method for obtaining a measured value obtained by changing the applied strain at a constant frequency, or a nanoindenter to which a nanoindentation method is applied for example, a nanoindenter manufactured by MTS System (Nano Indenter TMXP / DCM) ) To measure.
- the “nanoindentation method” here refers to a triangular pyramid having a tip radius of about 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m with a very small load applied to the second barrier layer provided on the transparent base material to be measured. After applying the indenter, apply the load, unload the indenter, create a load-displacement curve, and measure the elastic modulus (reduced modulus) from the load and indentation depth obtained from the load-displacement curve. It is a method to do. In this nanoindentation method, it is possible to measure with a high accuracy of 0.01 nm as a displacement resolution using a head assembly having an ultra-low load, for example, a maximum load of 20 mN and a load resolution of 1 nN.
- an indenter having an extremely small triangular pyramid is pushed in from the cross-sectional portion, and the elasticity of the cross-sectional portion opposite to the substrate side
- a method of measuring the rate is preferable, and in such a case, a nanoindenter operating in a scanning electron microscope has been developed from the viewpoint of increasing accuracy, and it can be obtained by applying them.
- the relationship of the elastic modulus of each layer satisfies the relationship of E1> E2> E3.
- E1 as the elastic modulus value depends on the material constituting the first barrier layer, for example, in the case of silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride, it is preferably 10 to 100 GPa, more preferably 20 to 50 GPa.
- E2 and E3 of the second barrier layer can be arbitrarily adjusted under the conditions of the modification treatment within a range satisfying the above relational expression.
- Ca method A method in which metal Ca is vapor-deposited on a gas barrier film and the phenomenon in which metal Ca is corroded by moisture that has permeated through the film. The water vapor transmission rate is calculated from the corrosion area and the time to reach the corrosion area.
- HTO method US General Atomics
- Method proposed by A-Star (Singapore) (International Publication No. 2005/95924) A method of calculating a water vapor transmission rate from a change in electric resistance and a 1 / f fluctuation component contained therein using a material (for example, Ca, Mg) whose electric resistance is changed by water vapor or oxygen as a sensor.
- a material for example, Ca, Mg
- the method for measuring water vapor transmission rate is not particularly limited, but in the present invention, the water vapor transmission rate measurement method was measured by the following Ca method.
- Vapor deposition equipment JEE-400 vacuum vapor deposition equipment manufactured by JEOL Ltd.
- Constant temperature and humidity oven Yamato Humidic Chamber IG47M Metal that reacts with water and corrodes: Calcium (granular)
- Water vapor impermeable metal Aluminum ( ⁇ 3-5mm, granular)
- Preparation of cell for evaluating water vapor barrier property The part of the gas barrier film sample to be vapor-deposited on the barrier layer surface of the gas barrier film sample before applying a transparent conductive film using a vacuum vapor deposition device (vacuum vapor deposition device JEE-400 manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) Other than (12 mm ⁇ 12 mm at 9 locations) was masked, and metallic calcium was deposited.
- the mask was removed in a vacuum state, and aluminum was deposited from another metal deposition source on the entire surface of one side of the sheet.
- the vacuum state is released, and immediately, in a dry nitrogen gas atmosphere, quartz glass with a thickness of 0.2 mm is faced to the aluminum sealing side via a sealing UV curable resin (manufactured by Nagase ChemteX).
- the cell for evaluation was produced by irradiating with ultraviolet rays.
- a water vapor barrier evaluation cell was similarly prepared for the gas barrier film that was not subjected to the bending treatment.
- the obtained sample with both sides sealed was stored at 60 ° C. and 90% RH under high temperature and high humidity, and permeated into the cell from the corrosion amount of metallic calcium based on the method described in JP-A-2005-283561. The amount of water was calculated.
- the water vapor transmission rate of the gas barrier film of the present invention is preferably as low as possible, but is preferably 0.001 to 0.00001 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 h, for example, 0.0001 to 0.00001 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 h. More preferably.
- the oxygen permeability of the gas barrier film of the present invention is preferably as low as possible. For example, it is more preferably less than 0.001 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 h ⁇ atm (below the detection limit).
- the gas barrier film of the present invention can be continuously produced and wound into a roll form (so-called roll-to-roll production). In that case, it is preferable to stick and wind up a protective sheet on the surface in which the gas barrier layer was formed.
- a protective sheet is applied in a place with a high degree of cleanliness. It is very effective to prevent the adhesion of dust. In addition, it is effective in preventing scratches on the gas barrier layer surface that enters during winding.
- the protective sheet is not particularly limited, and general “protective sheet” and “release sheet” having a configuration in which a weakly adhesive layer is provided on a resin substrate having a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m can be used.
- the gas barrier film of the present invention can be applied to electronic devices. It can be suitably used not only for organic thin film devices such as organic thin film photoelectric conversion elements and organic electroluminescence elements, but also for display electronic devices such as flexible LCDs and electronic papers that include high-temperature processing in the manufacturing process. .
- Organic photoelectric conversion device The gas barrier film of the present invention can be used as various sealing materials and sealing films. For example, it can be used as a sealing film for organic photoelectric conversion elements.
- the gas barrier film of the present invention is transparent. Therefore, the gas barrier film is used as a substrate, and sunlight is received from the arrangement side of the gas barrier film.
- a transparent conductive thin film such as ITO can be provided as a transparent electrode to constitute a resin substrate for organic photoelectric conversion elements.
- an ITO transparent conductive film provided on the substrate is used as an anode, a porous semiconductor layer is provided thereon, and a cathode made of a metal film is formed to form an organic photoelectric conversion element, on which another seal is formed.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element can be sealed by stacking a stopper material (although it may be the same) and adhering the gas barrier film substrate to the surroundings and encapsulating the element, thereby allowing moisture such as outside air or oxygen The influence on the organic photoelectric conversion element can be sealed.
- a resin substrate for an organic photoelectric conversion element can be obtained by forming a transparent conductive film on the gas barrier layer of the gas barrier film thus formed.
- the transparent conductive film can be formed by using a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, or the like, or by a coating method such as a sol-gel method using a metal alkoxide such as indium or tin.
- the (average) film thickness of the transparent conductive film is preferably a transparent conductive film in the range of 0.1 to 1000 nm.
- the gas barrier film of the present invention can be used as a substrate for a sealing film.
- a transparent conductive film is further formed on the gas barrier layer unit, and the layer constituting the organic photoelectric conversion element and the layer serving as the cathode are laminated on the transparent conductive film as an anode.
- another gas barrier film can be used as a sealing film to be sealed by overlapping.
- a resin-laminated (polymer film) metal foil cannot be used as a gas barrier film on the light extraction side, but is a low-cost and low moisture-permeable sealing material and does not intend to extract light (transparent) When the property is not required), it is preferable as a sealing film.
- the metal foil is a metal foil or film formed by rolling or the like, unlike a metal thin film formed by sputtering or vapor deposition, or a conductive film formed from a fluid electrode material such as a conductive paste. Point to.
- metal foil there is no limitation in particular in the kind of metal, for example, copper (Cu) foil, aluminum (Al) foil, gold (Au) foil, brass foil, nickel (Ni) foil, titanium (Ti) foil, copper alloy Examples thereof include foil, stainless steel foil, tin (Sn) foil, and high nickel alloy foil.
- a particularly preferred metal foil is an Al foil.
- the thickness of the metal foil is preferably 6 to 50 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 6 ⁇ m, depending on the material used for the metal foil, pinholes may be vacant during use, and required barrier properties (moisture permeability, oxygen permeability) may not be obtained. If it exceeds 50 ⁇ m, the cost may increase depending on the material used for the metal foil, the organic photoelectric conversion element may become thick, or the merit of the film may be reduced.
- resin film In a metal foil laminated with a resin film (polymer film), as the resin film, various materials described in the new development of functional packaging materials (Toray Research Center, Inc.) can be used.
- Resin polypropylene resin, polyethylene terephthalate resin, polyamide resin, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer resin, cellophane resin, vinylon resin, chloride
- vinylidene resins examples thereof include vinylidene resins.
- Resins such as polypropylene resins and nylon resins may be stretched and further coated with a vinylidene chloride resin.
- a polyethylene resin having a low density or a high density can be used.
- a method for sealing the two films for example, a method of laminating a commonly used impulse sealer heat-fusible resin layer, fusing with an impulse sealer, and sealing is preferable.
- sealing between gas barrier films makes it difficult to heat seal with an impulse sealer or the like if the film (average) film thickness exceeds 300 ⁇ m, and the handling of the film during sealing work becomes difficult (average)
- the film thickness is desirably 300 ⁇ m or less.
- ⁇ Sealing of organic photoelectric conversion element> After forming a transparent conductive film on the resin film (gas barrier film) which has the gas barrier layer unit of this invention, and forming each layer of an organic photoelectric conversion element on the produced resin base material for organic photoelectric conversion elements
- the organic photoelectric conversion element can be sealed using the sealing film so as to cover the cathode surface with the sealing film in an environment purged with an inert gas.
- the inert gas a rare gas such as He and Ar is preferably used in addition to N 2 , but a rare gas in which He and Ar are mixed is also preferable, and the ratio of the inert gas in the gas is 90 to 99.99. It is preferably 9% by volume. Preservability is improved by sealing in an environment purged with an inert gas.
- a ceramic layer is formed on the metal foil instead of the laminated resin film surface.
- the layer surface is preferably bonded to the cathode of the organic photoelectric conversion element.
- a resin film that can be fused with a commonly used impulse sealer for example, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polypropylene (PP) film, polyethylene (
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
- PP polypropylene
- PE heat-fusible film
- the dry laminating method is excellent in terms of workability.
- This method generally uses a curable adhesive layer of about 1.0 to 2.5 ⁇ m.
- the amount of adhesive applied is preferably 3-5 ⁇ m in dry (average) film thickness. It is preferable to adjust to.
- Hot melt lamination is a method in which a hot melt adhesive is melted and an adhesive layer is applied to a substrate, and the thickness of the adhesive layer can be generally set in a wide range of 1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- Commonly used base resins for hot melt adhesives include EVA, EEA, polyethylene, butyl rubber, etc., rosin, xylene resin, terpene resin, styrene resin, etc. as tackifiers, wax etc. It is added as an agent.
- the extrusion laminating method is a method in which a resin melted at a high temperature is coated on a substrate with a die, and the thickness of the resin layer can generally be set in a wide range of 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
- LDPE low density polyethylene
- EVA EVA
- PP polypropylene
- Ceramic layer In the gas barrier film of the present invention, as described above, when sealing an organic photoelectric conversion element, it is formed of a compound such as an inorganic oxide, nitride, carbide, etc. from the viewpoint of further enhancing gas barrier properties.
- a ceramic layer can be provided.
- SiO x SiO x , Al 2 O 3 , In 2 O 3 , TiO x , ITO (tin / indium oxide), AlN, Si 3 N 4 , SiO x N, TiO x N, SiC, or the like. be able to.
- the ceramic layer may be laminated by a known method such as a sol-gel method, a vapor deposition method, CVD, PVD, or a sputtering method.
- it can be formed by the same method as the second barrier layer using polysilazane.
- it can be formed by applying a composition containing polysilazane to form a polysilazane film and then converting it to ceramic.
- the ceramic layer according to the present invention can be obtained by selecting conditions such as an organometallic compound, decomposition gas, decomposition temperature, input power, and the like as raw materials (also referred to as raw materials) in an atmospheric pressure plasma method. It is possible to make different compositions such as metal oxides mainly composed of silicon, and mixtures (metal oxynitrides, metal oxide halides, etc.) with metal carbides, metal nitrides, metal sulfides, metal halides, etc. .
- silicon oxide is generated.
- silazane or the like is used as a raw material compound, silicon oxynitride is generated. This is because highly active charged particles and active radicals exist in the plasma space at a high density, so that multistage chemical reactions are accelerated at high speed in the plasma space, and the elements present in the plasma space are thermodynamic. This is because it is converted into an extremely stable compound in a very short time.
- a raw material for forming such a ceramic layer as long as it is a silicon compound, it may be in a gas, liquid, or solid state at normal temperature and pressure.
- gas it can be introduced into the discharge space as it is, but in the case of liquid or solid, it is used after being vaporized by means such as heating, bubbling, decompression or ultrasonic irradiation.
- a solvent an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, n-hexane or a mixed solvent thereof can be used. Since these diluted solvents are decomposed into molecular and atomic forms during the plasma discharge treatment, the influence can be almost ignored.
- silicon compounds include silane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra n-propoxysilane, tetraisopropoxysilane, tetra n-butoxysilane, tetrat-butoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, Diethyldimethoxysilane, diphenyldimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) trimethoxysilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, bis (dimethylamino) dimethylsilane Bis (dimethylamino) methylvinylsilane, bis (ethylamino) dimethylsilane, N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide
- the decomposition gas for decomposing the raw material gas containing silicon to obtain the ceramic layer includes hydrogen gas, methane gas, acetylene gas, carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide gas, nitrogen gas, ammonia gas, and nitrous oxide gas. Nitrogen oxide gas, nitrogen dioxide gas, oxygen gas, water vapor, fluorine gas, hydrogen fluoride, trifluoroalcohol, trifluorotoluene, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, chlorine gas and the like.
- a ceramic layer containing silicon oxide, nitride, carbide or the like can be obtained by appropriately selecting a source gas containing silicon and a decomposition gas.
- these reactive gases are mixed mainly with a discharge gas that tends to be in a plasma state, and the gas is sent to a plasma discharge generator.
- a discharge gas nitrogen gas and / or 18th group atom of the periodic table, specifically, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon, etc. are used. Among these, nitrogen, helium, and argon are preferably used.
- the film is formed by mixing the discharge gas and the reactive gas and supplying them as a thin film forming (mixed) gas to an atmospheric pressure plasma discharge generator (plasma generator).
- plasma generator atmospheric pressure plasma discharge generator
- the ratio of the discharge gas and the reactive gas varies depending on the properties of the film to be obtained, the reactive gas is supplied with the ratio of the discharge gas being 50% or more with respect to the entire mixed gas.
- the above-mentioned organosilicon compound is further combined with oxygen gas or nitrogen gas at a predetermined ratio, and at least one of O atoms and N atoms is combined.
- a ceramic layer mainly containing silicon oxide according to the present invention containing Si atoms can be obtained.
- the thickness of the ceramic layer according to the present invention is preferably in the range of 10 to 2000 nm in consideration of gas barrier properties and light transmission properties, but in addition, in consideration of flexibility, it is preferable that all have a good balance. In order to exhibit performance, the thickness is preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- each layer (component layer) of the organic photoelectric conversion element material constituting the organic photoelectric conversion element will be described.
- the electric power generation layer (The layer which mixed the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor, the bulk heterojunction layer, and i layer) sandwiched between the anode and the cathode at least 1 is provided. Any element that has more than one layer and generates current when irradiated with light may be used.
- Preferred specific examples of the layer structure of the organic photoelectric conversion element are shown in the following (i) to (v): (i) Anode / power generation layer / cathode (ii) anode / hole transport layer / power generation layer / cathode (iii) Anode / hole transport layer / power generation layer / electron transport layer / cathode (iv) anode / hole transport layer / p-type semiconductor layer / power generation layer / n-type semiconductor layer / electron transport layer / cathode (v) anode / hole Transport layer / first light emitting layer / electron transport layer / intermediate electrode / hole transport layer / second light emitting layer / electron transport layer / cathode.
- the power generation layer needs to contain a p-type semiconductor material capable of transporting holes and an n-type semiconductor material capable of transporting electrons, even if these layers substantially form a heterojunction.
- a bulk heterojunction that is in a mixed state in one layer may be formed, but a bulk heterojunction configuration is preferable because of higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- a p-type semiconductor material and an n-type semiconductor material used for the power generation layer will be described later.
- the efficiency of taking out holes and electrons to the anode / cathode can be increased by sandwiching the power generation layer between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer. Therefore, the structure having them ((ii), ( iii)) is preferred.
- the power generation layer itself also increases the rectification of holes and electrons (selection of carrier extraction), so that the power generation layer is sandwiched between layers of a p-type semiconductor material and a single n-type semiconductor material as in (iv).
- a configuration also referred to as a pin configuration
- the tandem configuration (configuration (v)) in which sunlight of different wavelengths is absorbed by each power generation layer may be employed.
- a hole transport layer 14 and an electron transport are respectively formed on a pair of comb-like electrodes.
- a back contact type organic photoelectric conversion element in which the layer 16 is formed and the photoelectric conversion unit 15 is disposed thereon may be configured.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a solar cell made of a bulk heterojunction type organic photoelectric conversion element.
- the bulk heterojunction type organic photoelectric conversion element 10 includes a transparent electrode 12, a hole transport layer 17, a power generation layer 14 of a bulk heterojunction layer, an electron transport layer 18, and a counter electrode 13 in order on one surface of a substrate 11. Are stacked.
- the substrate 11 is a member that holds the transparent electrode 12, the power generation layer 14, and the counter electrode 13 that are sequentially stacked. In the present embodiment, since light that is photoelectrically converted enters from the substrate 11 side, the substrate 11 can transmit the light that is photoelectrically converted, that is, with respect to the wavelength of the light to be photoelectrically converted. It is a transparent member.
- the substrate 11 for example, a glass substrate or a resin substrate is used.
- the substrate 11 is not essential.
- the bulk heterojunction type organic photoelectric conversion element 10 may be configured by forming the transparent electrode 12 and the counter electrode 13 on both surfaces of the power generation layer 14.
- the power generation layer 14 is a layer that converts light energy into electric energy, and includes a bulk heterojunction layer in which a p-type semiconductor material and an n-type semiconductor material are uniformly mixed.
- the p-type semiconductor material functions relatively as an electron donor (donor)
- the n-type semiconductor material functions relatively as an electron acceptor (acceptor).
- FIG. 3 light incident from the transparent electrode 12 through the substrate 11 is absorbed by the electron acceptor or electron donor in the bulk heterojunction layer of the power generation layer 14, and electrons move from the electron donor to the electron acceptor.
- a hole-electron pair charge separation state
- the generated electric charge is caused by an internal electric field, for example, when the work functions of the transparent electrode 12 and the counter electrode 13 are different, the electrons pass between the electron acceptors due to the potential difference between the transparent electrode 12 and the counter electrode 13, and the holes are The photocurrent is detected as it passes between the donors and is carried to different electrodes. For example, when the work function of the transparent electrode 12 is larger than the work function of the counter electrode 13, electrons are transported to the transparent electrode 12 and holes are transported to the counter electrode 13. If the magnitude of the work function is reversed, electrons and holes are transported in the opposite direction. In addition, by applying a potential between the transparent electrode 12 and the counter electrode 13, the transport direction of electrons and holes can be controlled.
- a hole blocking layer such as a hole blocking layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron injection layer, a hole injection layer, or a smooth layer may be included.
- a more preferable configuration is the configuration shown in FIG. 4 in which the power generation layer 14 has a so-called three-layer configuration of pin.
- a normal bulk heterojunction layer is a single i layer in which a p-type semiconductor material and an n-type semiconductor layer are mixed.
- a p-layer 14p made of a single p-type semiconductor material and an n-layer 14n made of a single n-type semiconductor material.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a solar cell made of an organic photoelectric conversion element having a tandem bulk heterojunction layer.
- the transparent electrode 12 and the first power generation layer 14 ′ are sequentially stacked on the substrate 11, the charge recombination layer 15 is stacked, the second power generation layer 16, and then the counter electrode 13 are stacked.
- the second power generation layer 16 may be a layer that absorbs the same spectrum as the absorption spectrum of the first power generation layer 14 ′ or may be a layer that absorbs a different spectrum, but is preferably a layer that absorbs a different spectrum.
- both the first power generation layer 14 'and the second power generation layer 16 may have the above-described three-layer structure of pin.
- organic photoelectric conversion element material "P-type semiconductor materials"
- examples of the p-type semiconductor material used for the power generation layer include various condensed polycyclic aromatic low molecular compounds, conjugated polymers, and oligomers.
- condensed polycyclic aromatic low-molecular compound examples include anthracene, tetracene, pentacene, hexacene, heptacene, chrysene, picene, fluorene, pyrene, peropyrene, perylene, terylene, quaterylene, coronene, ovalene, circumanthracene, bisanthene, zeslen, Compounds such as heptazethrene, pyranthrene, violanthene, isoviolanthene, cacobiphenyl, anthradithiophene, porphyrin, copper phthalocyanine, tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) -tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) complex, bis (ethylenedithio) tetrathiafur Examples include valene (BEDT-TTF) -perchloric acid complex, and derivatives and precursors thereof.
- Examples of the derivative having the above condensed polycycle include WO 03/16599, WO 03/28125, US Pat. No. 6,690,029, JP-A 2004-107216.
- conjugated polymer examples include polythiophene such as poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) and oligomers thereof, or a polymerizable group described in Technical Digest of the International PVSEC-17, Fukuoka, Japan, 2007, P1225. Polythiophene, Nature Material, (2006) vol. 5, a polythiophene-thienothiophene copolymer described in p328, a polythiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer described in International Publication No. 2008/000664, a polythiophene-thiazolothiazole copolymer described in Adv Mater, 2007 p4160, Nature Mat. , Vol.
- polypyrrole and its oligomer polyaniline, polyphenylene and its oligomer, polyphenylene vinylene and its oligomer, polythienylene vinylene and its oligomer, polyacetylene, polydiacetylene, Examples thereof include polymer materials such as ⁇ -conjugated polymers such as polysilane and polygermane.
- oligomeric materials not polymer materials, include thiophene hexamer ⁇ -seccithiophene ⁇ , ⁇ -dihexyl- ⁇ -sexualthiophene, ⁇ , ⁇ -dihexyl- ⁇ -kinkethiophene, ⁇ , ⁇ -bis (3 Oligomers such as -butoxypropyl) - ⁇ -sexithiophene can be preferably used.
- the electron transport layer is formed by coating on the power generation layer, there is a problem that the electron transport layer solution dissolves the power generation layer. Therefore, a material that can be insolubilized after coating by a solution process may be used. .
- Such materials include materials that can be insolubilized by polymerizing the coating film after coating, such as polythiophene having a polymerizable group described in Technical Digest of the International PVSEC-17, Fukuoka, Japan, 2007, P1225. Or by applying energy such as heat as described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2003/136964, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-16834, etc., the soluble substituent reacts to insolubilize (pigmentation) ) Materials can be mentioned.
- N-type semiconductor materials In the organic photoelectric conversion device, the n-type semiconductor material used for the bulk heterojunction layer is not particularly limited. Fluoropentacene, perfluorophthalocyanine, etc.), naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide, perylenetetracarboxylic acid anhydride, perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide and other aromatic carboxylic acid anhydrides and imidized compounds thereof Examples thereof include polymer compounds.
- fullerene derivatives that can perform charge separation with various p-type semiconductor materials at high speed (up to 50 fs) and efficiently are preferable.
- Fullerene derivatives include fullerene C60, fullerene C70, fullerene C76, fullerene C78, fullerene C84, fullerene C240, fullerene C540, mixed fullerene, fullerene nanotubes, multi-walled nanotubes, single-walled nanotubes, nanohorns (conical), etc.
- PCBM [6,6] -phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester
- PCBnB [6,6] -phenyl C61-butyric acid-n-butyl ester
- PCBiB [6,6] -phenyl C61-buty Rick acid-isobutyl ester
- PCBH [6,6] -phenyl C61-butyric acid-n-hexyl ester
- fullerene derivative having a substituent and having improved solubility such as fullerene having an ether group.
- the hole transport layer 17 PEDOT such as product name BaytronP manufactured by Stark Vitec Co., polyaniline and its doped material, cyan compounds described in International Publication No. 2006/019270, and the like can be used. it can.
- the hole transport layer having a LUMO level shallower than the LUMO level of the n-type semiconductor material used for the bulk heterojunction layer has a rectifying effect that prevents electrons generated in the bulk heterojunction layer from flowing to the anode side. It has an electronic block function.
- Such a hole transport layer is also called an electron block layer, and it is preferable to use a hole transport layer having such a function.
- triarylamine compounds described in JP-A-5-271166 metal oxides such as molybdenum oxide, nickel oxide, and tungsten oxide can be used.
- a layer made of a single p-type semiconductor material used for the bulk heterojunction layer can also be used.
- the means for forming these layers may be either a vacuum deposition method or a solution coating method, but is preferably a solution coating method. Forming the coating film in the lower layer before forming the bulk heterojunction layer is preferable because it has the effect of leveling the coating surface and reduces the influence of leakage and the like.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element 10 preferably has an electron transport layer 18 between the bulk heterojunction layer and the cathode, since it is possible to more efficiently extract charges generated in the bulk heterojunction layer.
- octaazaporphyrin and a p-type semiconductor perfluoro can be used as the electron transport layer 18.
- a HOMO of a p-type semiconductor material used for a bulk heterojunction layer is given a hole blocking function having a rectifying effect so that holes generated in the bulk heterojunction layer do not flow to the cathode side.
- Such an electron transport layer is also called a hole blocking layer, and it is preferable to use an electron transport layer having such a function.
- Such materials include phenanthrene compounds such as bathocuproine, n-type semiconductor materials such as naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid anhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide, perylenetetracarboxylic acid anhydride, perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide, and titanium oxide.
- n-type semiconductor materials such as naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid anhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide, perylenetetracarboxylic acid anhydride, perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide, and titanium oxide.
- N-type inorganic oxides such as zinc oxide and gallium oxide, and alkali metal compounds such as lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, and cesium fluoride can be used.
- a layer made of a single n-type semiconductor material used for the bulk heterojunction layer can also be used.
- the organic photoelectric conversion device may have various intermediate layers in the device for the purpose of improving energy conversion efficiency and device life.
- the intermediate layer include a hole block layer, an electron block layer, a hole injection layer, an electron injection layer, an exciton block layer, a UV absorption layer, a light reflection layer, and a wavelength conversion layer.
- the transparent electrode may be either a cathode or an anode, and can be selected according to the configuration of the organic photoelectric conversion element.
- the transparent electrode is used as the anode.
- the material for example, transparent conductive metal oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO, metal thin films such as gold, silver, and platinum, metal nanowires, and carbon nanotubes can be used.
- Conductive polymers can also be used. A plurality of these conductive compounds can be combined to form a transparent electrode.
- the counter electrode may be a single layer of a conductive material, but in addition to a conductive material, a resin that holds these may be used in combination.
- a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal, alloy, electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof as an electrode material is used.
- Specific examples of such electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of these metals and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function value than this for example, a magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / Aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.
- the counter electrode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the (average) film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the light coming to the counter electrode side is reflected and reflected to the first electrode side, and this light can be reused and is absorbed again by the photoelectric conversion layer, and more photoelectric conversion efficiency Is preferable.
- the counter electrode 13 may be a metal (for example, gold, silver, copper, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, aluminum, magnesium, indium, etc.), carbon nanoparticle, nanowire, or nanostructure. If it is a thing, a transparent and highly conductive counter electrode can be formed by the apply
- a conductive material suitable for the counter electrode such as aluminum and aluminum alloy, silver and silver compound, and the like is manufactured with a thin (average) film thickness of about 1 to 20 nm.
- a light-transmitting counter electrode can be obtained by providing a film of the conductive light-transmitting material mentioned in the description of the transparent electrode.
- the material of the intermediate electrode required in the case of the tandem configuration as described in the above (v) (or FIG. 5) is preferably a layer using a compound having both transparency and conductivity.
- Materials used for transparent electrodes transparent metal oxides such as ITO, AZO, FTO and titanium oxide, very thin metal layers such as Ag, Al and Au, or layers containing nanoparticles / nanowires, PEDOT: PSS,
- a conductive polymer material such as polyaniline
- Metal nanowires In the organic photoelectric conversion element, conductive fibers can be used. As the conductive fibers, organic fibers or inorganic fibers coated with metal, conductive metal oxide fibers, metal nanowires, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, or the like can be used. Although possible, metal nanowires are preferred.
- a metal nanowire means a linear structure having a metal element as a main component.
- the metal nanowire in the present invention means a linear structure having a diameter of nm size.
- the metal nanowire according to the present invention preferably has an average length of 3 ⁇ m or more in order to form a long conductive path with a single metal nanowire and to exhibit appropriate light scattering properties.
- the thickness is preferably 3 to 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 3 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the relative standard deviation of the length is preferably 40% or less.
- an average diameter is small from a transparency viewpoint, On the other hand, the larger one is preferable from an electroconductive viewpoint.
- the average diameter of the metal nanowire is preferably 10 to 300 nm, and more preferably 30 to 200 nm.
- the relative standard deviation of the diameter is preferably 20% or less.
- the metal composition of the metal nanowire is not particularly limited, and can be composed of one or more metals of a noble metal element and a base metal element, but noble metals (for example, gold, platinum, silver, palladium, rhodium, (Iridium, ruthenium, osmium, etc.) and at least one metal belonging to the group consisting of iron, cobalt, copper, and tin is preferable, and at least silver is more preferable from the viewpoint of conductivity. In order to achieve both conductivity and stability (sulfurization and oxidation resistance of metal nanowires and migration resistance), it is also preferable to include silver and at least one metal belonging to a noble metal other than silver. When the metal nanowire according to the present invention includes two or more kinds of metal elements, for example, the metal composition may be different between the inside and the surface of the metal nanowire, or the entire metal nanowire has the same metal composition. May be.
- the means for producing the metal nanowire there are no particular limitations on the means for producing the metal nanowire, and for example, known means such as a liquid phase method and a gas phase method can be used. Moreover, there is no restriction
- the metal nanowires come into contact with each other to form a three-dimensional conductive network, exhibiting high conductivity, and allowing light to pass through the window of the conductive network where no metal nanowire exists.
- the power generation from the organic power generation layer can be efficiently performed by the scattering effect of the metal nanowires. If the metal nanowire is installed on the side closer to the organic power generation layer in the first electrode, this scattering effect can be used more effectively, which is a more preferable embodiment.
- optical functional layer The organic photoelectric conversion element of the present invention may have various optical functional layers for the purpose of more efficient reception of sunlight.
- a light condensing layer such as an antireflection film or a microlens array
- a light diffusion layer that can scatter the light reflected by the cathode and enter the power generation layer again may be provided. .
- the antireflection layer can be provided as the antireflection layer.
- the refractive index of the easy adhesion layer adjacent to the film is 1.57. It is more preferable to set it to ⁇ 1.63 because the transmittance can be improved by reducing the interface reflection between the film substrate and the easy adhesion layer.
- the method for adjusting the refractive index can be carried out by appropriately adjusting the ratio of the oxide sol having a relatively high refractive index such as tin oxide sol or cerium oxide sol and the binder resin.
- the easy adhesion layer may be a single layer, but may be composed of two or more layers in order to improve adhesion.
- the condensing layer for example, it is processed so as to provide a structure on the microlens array on the sunlight receiving side of the support substrate, or the amount of light received from a specific direction is increased by combining with a so-called condensing sheet. Conversely, the incident angle dependency of sunlight can be reduced.
- quadrangular pyramids having a side of 30 ⁇ m and an apex angle of 90 degrees are arranged two-dimensionally on the light extraction side of the substrate.
- One side is preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m. If it becomes smaller than this, the effect of diffraction will generate
- the light scattering layer examples include various antiglare layers, layers in which nanoparticles or nanowires such as metals or various inorganic oxides are dispersed in a colorless and transparent polymer, and the like.
- “Film forming method and surface treatment method” ⁇ Method for forming various layers>
- Examples of a method for forming a bulk heterojunction layer in which an electron acceptor and an electron donor are mixed, and a transport layer / electrode include a vapor deposition method and a coating method (including a cast method and a spin coat method).
- examples of the method for forming the bulk heterojunction layer include a vapor deposition method and a coating method (including a casting method and a spin coating method).
- the coating method is preferable in order to increase the area of the interface where charges and electrons are separated from each other as described above and to produce a device having high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the coating method is also excellent in production speed.
- the coating method used in this case is not limited, and examples thereof include spin coating, casting from a solution, dip coating, blade coating, wire bar coating, gravure coating, and spray coating. Furthermore, patterning can also be performed by a printing method such as an ink jet method, a screen printing method, a relief printing method, an intaglio printing method, an offset printing method, or a flexographic printing method.
- a printing method such as an ink jet method, a screen printing method, a relief printing method, an intaglio printing method, an offset printing method, or a flexographic printing method.
- annealing is performed at a predetermined temperature during the manufacturing process, a part of the particles is microscopically aggregated or crystallized, and the bulk heterojunction layer can have an appropriate phase separation structure. As a result, the carrier mobility of the bulk heterojunction layer is improved and high efficiency can be obtained.
- the power generation layer (bulk heterojunction layer) 14 may be composed of a single layer in which an electron acceptor and an electron donor are uniformly mixed, but a plurality of layers in which the mixing ratio of the electron acceptor and the electron donor is changed. You may comprise. In this case, it can be formed by using a material that can be insolubilized after coating as described above.
- the electrode can be patterned by a known method such as mask evaporation at the time of vacuum deposition or etching or lift-off.
- the pattern may be formed by transferring a pattern formed on another substrate.
- the configuration of the organic photoelectric conversion element and the solar cell has been described as an example of the use of the gas barrier film according to the present invention.
- the use of the gas barrier film according to the present invention is not limited thereto, and other organic EL elements and the like.
- the present invention can also be advantageously applied to other electronic devices.
- Example 1 Production of gas barrier film >> [Production of substrate (a)]
- a thermoplastic resin base material base material
- a 125 ⁇ m thick polyester film manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films Co., Ltd., extremely low heat yield PET Q83
- a bleed-out prevention layer 1 was formed on one surface side, and a smooth layer 1 was formed on the surface opposite to the side where the bleed-out prevention layer 1 was formed with the substrate interposed therebetween, to prepare a substrate (A).
- PET is an abbreviation for polyethylene terephthalate.
- “Formation of Bleed-Out Prevention Layer 1” A UV curable organic / inorganic hybrid hard coat material OPSTAR Z7535 manufactured by JSR Corporation was applied to one surface side of the thermoplastic resin base material under the condition that the film thickness after drying was 4.0 ⁇ m, and then cured. As a condition, a bleed-out prevention layer 1 was formed by performing a curing treatment for 3 minutes at 80 ° C. under a dry condition using a high-pressure mercury lamp in an air atmosphere with an irradiation energy amount of 1.0 J / cm 2 .
- a UV curable organic / inorganic hybrid hard coat material OPSTAR Z7501 manufactured by JSR Corporation is applied to the surface of the thermoplastic resin substrate opposite to the surface on which the bleed-out prevention layer 1 is formed. After coating at a thickness of 4.0 ⁇ m, drying at 80 ° C. for 3 minutes, using a high-pressure mercury lamp in an air atmosphere, and curing with irradiation energy of 1.0 J / cm 2 , It hardened
- the surface roughness Rz measured according to the method defined in JIS B 0601 on the surface of the smooth layer 1 formed by the above method was about 25 nm.
- the surface roughness was measured using an AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) SPI3800N DFM manufactured by SII.
- the measurement range of one time was 80 ⁇ m ⁇ 80 ⁇ m, the measurement location was changed, three measurements were performed, and the average of the Rz values obtained in each measurement was taken as the measurement value.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the prepared base material (a) was measured according to the following method, and as a result, it was 65 ppm / ° C.
- the temperature of the substrate to be measured (A) is increased from 30 ° C. to 50 ° C. at a rate of 5 ° C. per minute in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, the temperature was once held, and the temperature was increased again at a rate of 5 ° C. per minute, and the value at 30 to 150 ° C. was measured to measure the linear expansion coefficient.
- substrate (I) As a base material having a low retardation, a 100 ⁇ m thick transparent polycarbonate film (manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Ltd., Pure Ace) is used, and smooth layers 2 and 3 are formed on both sides of the base material as shown below. B) was produced.
- “Preparation of smooth layer coating solution A” 8.0 g of trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (Epolite 100MF manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), 5.0 g of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (Epolite 40E manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), silsesquioxane having an oxetanyl group: OX-SQ- 12.0 g of H (manufactured by Toagosei), 32.5 g of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 2.2 g of Al (III) acetylacetonate, methanol silica sol (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 30) (Mass%) 134.0 g, BYK333 (BIC Chemie Japan Co., Ltd., silicon surfactant) 0.1 g, butyl cellosolve 125.0 g, 0.1 mol / L
- Formation of smooth layer 2 After applying a corona discharge treatment to one surface side of the heat-resistant substrate by a conventional method, the smooth layer coating solution A is applied under the condition that the film thickness after drying is 4.0 ⁇ m, and then at 80 ° C. Dry for 3 minutes. Furthermore, the heat processing for 10 minutes were performed at 120 degreeC, and the smooth layer 2 was formed.
- Formation of smooth layer 3 A smooth layer 3 was formed on the surface of the heat resistant substrate opposite to the surface on which the smooth layer 2 was formed in the same manner as the method for forming the smooth layer 2.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the prepared base material (A) was measured in the same manner as described above, and as a result, it was 40 ppm / ° C.
- a heat-resistant group A base material (c) is prepared in the same manner except that a 100 ⁇ m-thick Silplus H100 made by Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd., which is a film based on silsesquioxane having an organic-inorganic hybrid structure, is used as a material. did.
- Rz was about 20 nm in all.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the produced base material (c) was measured in the same manner as described above, and as a result, it was 80 ppm / ° C.
- the first barrier layer [Formation of the first barrier layer] Using the plasma CVD apparatus Model PD-270STP manufactured by Samco Corporation, the above transparent resin substrate (polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film with clear hard coat layer (CHC) manufactured by Kimoto Co., Ltd., hard coat layer is acrylic resin) by the atmospheric pressure plasma method
- the first barrier layer of silicon oxide was formed on the following thin film formation conditions on a PET-thinned 125 ⁇ m PET film and a CHC thickness of 6 ⁇ m.
- a coating solution for forming a second barrier layer containing the polysilazane compound shown below is a condition that the film thickness after drying becomes a value shown in the table using a spin coater.
- a spin coater was applied to form a polysilazane layer. Drying was performed at 100 ° C. for 2 minutes.
- Second barrier layer forming coating solution Dibutyl ether solution containing 20% by mass of non-catalyzed perhydropolysilazane (Aquamica NN120-20 manufactured by AZ Electronic Materials Co., Ltd.) and 20% by mass of dihydroether of perhydropolysilazane containing 5% by mass of amine catalyst in solid content
- the solution (Aquamica NAX120-20 manufactured by AZ Electronic Materials Co., Ltd.) was mixed and used to adjust the amine catalyst to a solid content of 1% by mass, and then diluted with dibutyl ether to obtain a total solid content.
- a coating solution for forming a water vapor barrier layer was prepared as a 2% by mass dibutyl ether solution.
- the polysilazane layer was subjected to vacuum ultraviolet irradiation treatment to form a second barrier layer. After the formed second barrier layer is dried at 100 ° C. for 2 minutes, the polysilazane layer is modified by applying an excimer modification treatment with the following apparatus and conditions to form a second barrier layer that is a polysilazane modified layer. Formed. The dew point temperature during the reforming process was -20 ° C.
- Vacuum ultraviolet irradiation equipment 1) Vacuum ultraviolet irradiation device: Excimer irradiation device MODEL: MECL-M-1-200 manufactured by M.D. 2) Irradiation ultraviolet wavelength: 172 nm 3) Lamp filled gas: Xe ⁇ Reforming treatment conditions> 1) Excimer light intensity: 130 mW / cm 2 (172 nm) 2) Distance between sample and light source: 2mm 3) Stage heating temperature: 95 ° C 4) Oxygen concentration in the irradiation device: 0.3% 5) Stage transport speed during excimer light irradiation: 10 mm / sec 6) Stage transport frequency during excimer light irradiation: 6 reciprocations The energy applied to the surface of the sample coating layer in the vacuum UV irradiation process is integrated by Hamamatsu Photonics.
- Photometer C8026 / H8025 UV POWER METER was used, and measurement was performed using a 172 nm sensor head. Based on the irradiation energy obtained by this measurement, the moving amount of the sample stage was adjusted so that the integrated light quantity was adjusted to the value shown in the table. The vacuum ultraviolet irradiation was performed after aging for 10 minutes as in the case of irradiation energy measurement.
- the solid content of the coating liquid 14 for forming the protective layer is 10%.
- ⁇ Polysiloxane layer modification treatment vacuum ultraviolet irradiation treatment> After the polysiloxane layer is formed as described above, a vacuum ultraviolet ray irradiation apparatus having the same configuration as that used in the modification treatment of the second barrier layer is formed in the formation of the second barrier layer. A protective layer was formed in the same manner except that the cumulative amount of ultraviolet light was changed to 1000 mJ / cm 2 . Adjustment was made so that the integrated light amount became the value shown in the table.
- the mask was removed in a vacuum state, and aluminum was vapor-deposited on the entire surface of one side of the sheet and temporarily sealed.
- the vacuum state is released, the air is quickly transferred to a dry nitrogen gas atmosphere, and a quartz glass with a thickness of 0.2 mm is bonded to the aluminum vapor-deposited surface via a sealing ultraviolet curable resin (manufactured by Nagase ChemteX).
- a sealing ultraviolet curable resin manufactured by Nagase ChemteX.
- ⁇ Deterioration resistance is 80% or more
- ⁇ Deterioration resistance is 30% or more and less than 80%
- X Deterioration resistance is less than 30%.
- ⁇ No cracks are observed
- ⁇ The number of occurrences of cracks is 1 or more and 5 or less
- X The number of occurrences of cracks is 6 or more and 10 or less.
- Table 2 shows the experimental results of barrier properties, bending resistance (flexibility), and water resistance obtained by the above evaluation measurement.
- Example 2 Production of organic EL element >> Using each gas barrier film produced in Example 1 as a sealing film, organic EL elements 1 to 29 were produced as an example of an electronic device according to the following method.
- a parallel plate type electrode was used, and the gas barrier films 1 to 29 were placed between the electrodes, and a mixed gas was introduced into the gas barrier film to form a thin film.
- a ground (ground) electrode a 200 mm ⁇ 200 mm ⁇ 2 mm stainless steel plate is coated with a high-density, high-adhesion alumina sprayed film, and then a solution obtained by diluting tetramethoxysilane with ethyl acetate is applied and dried.
- An electrode was used that was cured by ultraviolet irradiation to perform sealing treatment, and the dielectric surface thus coated was polished and smoothed so that Rmax was 5 ⁇ m.
- an electrode obtained by coating a dielectric on a hollow square pure titanium pipe under the same conditions as the ground electrode was used.
- a plurality of application electrodes were prepared and provided to face the ground electrode to form a discharge space.
- a power source used for plasma generation a high frequency power source CF-5000-13M manufactured by Pearl Industry Co., Ltd. was used, and 5 W / cm 2 of power was supplied at a frequency of 13.56 MHz.
- a mixed gas having the following composition is filled between the electrodes to form a plasma state, the gas barrier film surface is subjected to atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, and a tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) film is formed to a thickness of 100 nm on each water vapor barrier layer.
- ITO indium oxide
- Discharge gas Helium 98.5% by volume Reactive gas 1: 0.25% by volume of oxygen
- Reactive gas 2 Indium acetylacetonate 1.2% by volume
- Reactive gas 3 Dibutyltin diacetate 0.05% by volume
- Samples 1 to 29 on which the obtained transparent conductive film was formed were used as a substrate of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm, and after patterning, the gas barrier film substrate provided with the ITO transparent electrode was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol and dried. Dry with nitrogen gas.
- This transparent support substrate is fixed to a substrate holder of a commercially available vacuum deposition apparatus, while 200 mg of ⁇ -NPD is put into a molybdenum resistance heating boat, and 200 mg of CBP as a host compound is put into another molybdenum resistance heating boat.
- 200 mg of bathocuproine (BCP) was put in a molybdenum resistance heating boat, 100 mg of Ir-1 was put in another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum, and 200 mg of Alq 3 was put in another resistance heating boat made of molybdenum, and attached to a vacuum deposition apparatus. .
- the heating boat containing CBP and Ir ⁇ 1 was energized and heated, and co-evaporated on the hole transport layer at a deposition rate of 0.2 nm / second and 0.012 nm / second, respectively, to provide a light emitting layer.
- the substrate temperature at the time of vapor deposition was room temperature.
- the heating boat containing BCP was energized and heated, and was deposited on the light emitting layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to provide a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 10 nm.
- the heating boat containing Alq 3 was further energized and heated, and deposited on the hole blocking layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / second to provide an electron transport layer having a thickness of 40 nm.
- the substrate temperature at the time of vapor deposition was room temperature.
- Evaluation of organic EL element material Evaluation of dark spot resistance and luminance unevenness resistance >> As a result of energizing the sealed organic EL elements 1 to 29 in an environment of 40 ° C. and 90% RH and observing changes in the occurrence of dark spots and the brightness unevenness from the 0th to the 120th.
- the organic EL device produced using the gas barrier films 4 to 29 of the present invention has characteristics excellent in dark spot resistance and luminance unevenness resistance compared to the organic EL device in which the films 1 to 3 of the comparative example are installed. I was able to confirm that.
Abstract
Description
本発明に係る第1のバリア層は、気相成長法で形成されていることを特徴の一つとする。第1のバリア層の存在により、基材からの水分移行を妨げることができ、第2のバリア層を形成する際の改質処理が進行しやすくなる。また、本発明に係る第1のバリア層は、金属化合物を化学蒸着法または物理蒸着法により形成することが好ましい。
本発明に係るガスバリア性フィルムの製造方法において、基材の少なくとも一方の面側に気相成長法で第1のバリア層を形成する工程(1)は、上記金属元素を含む原料ガスと、上記分解ガスとを混合して、化学蒸着法または物理蒸着法により形成することが好ましい。
本発明に係る第2のバリア層は、第1のバリア層上に第1の珪素化合物を塗布して形成された塗膜を改質処理したものである。そのため、珪素化合物は溶媒に添加して珪素化合物を含有する溶液を調製して、当該溶液を第1のバリア層上に塗布する方法が好ましい。
本発明に係る第1の珪素化合物としては、珪素化合物を含有する塗布液の調製が可能であれば特に限定はされないが、成膜性、クラック等の欠陥が少ない事、残留有機物の少なさの点で、本発明に係る第1の珪素化合物は、ポリシラザンを含むことが好ましく、パーヒドロポリシラザン、オルガノポリシラザン等のポリシラザン;シルセスキオキサン等のポリシロキサン等がより好ましい。
本発明に係る第2のバリア層において、第1の珪素化合物を塗布して形成された塗膜を改質処理する方法とは、(第1の)珪素化合物の酸化ケイ素または酸化窒化珪素への転化反応を指し、具体的には本発明のガスバリア性フィルムが全体としてガスバリア性(水蒸気透過率が、1×10-3g/(m2・24h)以下)を発現するに貢献できるレベルの無機薄膜を形成する処理をいう。(第1の)珪素化合物の酸化ケイ素または酸化窒化珪素への転化反応は、第2のバリア層の転化反応に基づく公知の方法を選ぶことができる。珪素化合物の置換反応による酸化ケイ素膜または酸化窒化珪素層の形成には450℃以上の高温が必要であり、プラスチック等のフレキシブル基板においては、適応が難しい。
本発明において、改質処理として用いることのできるプラズマ処理は、公知の方法を用いることができるが、好ましくは前述の大気圧プラズマ処理等をあげることが出来る。
(第1の)珪素化合物を含有する塗膜を後述するエキシマ照射処理等と組み合わせて、加熱処理することで、前記改質処理を行うことが出来る。
本発明において、改質処理の方法の1つとして、紫外線照射による処理も好ましい。紫外線(紫外光と同義)によって生成されるオゾンや活性酸素原子は高い酸化能力を有しており、低温で高い緻密性と絶縁性を有する酸化ケイ素膜または酸化窒化珪素膜を形成することが可能である。
本発明において、最も好ましい改質処理方法は、真空紫外線照射による処理(エキシマ照射処理)である。真空紫外線照射による改質処理は、第2のバリア層を形成する珪素化合物の種類によって適宜選択されるものであるが、上記例示した第1の珪素化合物を含む塗膜に対して使用する場合は、180nm以下の波長成分を有する真空紫外線を照射する改質処理により第2のバリア層を形成することが好ましい。また、例えば、第1の珪素化合物がポリシラザンの場合は、ポリシラザン化合物内の原子間結合力より大きい100~200nmの光エネルギーを用いることが好ましく、より好ましくは100~180nmの波長の光エネルギーを用い、原子の結合を光量子プロセスと呼ばれる光子のみの作用により、直接切断しながら活性酸素やオゾンによる酸化反応を進行させることで、比較的低温(約200℃以下)で、酸化珪素膜の形成を行う方法である。なお、エキシマ照射処理を行う際は、上述したように熱処理を併用することが好ましく、その際の熱処理条件の詳細は上述したとおりである。
e+Xe→e+Xe*
Xe*+Xe+Xe→Xe2 *+Xe
となり、励起されたエキシマ分子であるXe2 *が基底状態に遷移するときに172nmのエキシマ光を発光する。
本発明に係る第2のバリア層は、第1のバリア層上に第1の珪素化合物を有する塗膜を形成した後、上部から改質処理手段L、例えば、上述したように、180nm以下の波長成分を有する真空紫外線の照射等を用いて改質処理が施されることによって得られる。改質処理が施された第2のバリア層内では、改質処理手段L側の表層面側では改質が進行し、第1のバリア層面側では改質が進まないか、あるいは改質が起こらないこととなり、層内で改質が施された改質領域と、改質がなされていない非改質領域とが形成される。すなわち、本発明に係る第2のバリア層は、膜厚方向において不均一であり、例えば、第2のバリア層を、ポリシラザンを含む塗膜から形成する場合は、表層近傍は高密度に架橋したポリシラザンの領域(改質領域)になっているが、表層側から深さ方向第1のバリア層側においては、架橋したポリシラザンの量が少ない領域(非改質領域)になっている。また、この点は、特開2012-16854号公報の図1である、ガスバリア性フィルムのXPS測定による膜厚の深さ方向の元素比(組成)の算出結果のグラフからも確認される。すなわち、当該文献で記載の条件でポリシラザンを塗布しエキシマランプ照射により改質処理してバリア層に転化する場合、バリア層表面から全バリア層厚みの5%のところ(表面から7.5nmの点)においては、O/Si比が2.2(表面)~1.6位までの範囲であり、基材側から95%の厚みにおいては、最大値1.6、最小値0.7の範囲にあることが示されている。また、バリア層の深さ方向の0~110μm程度の範囲では、N/Si比が、最大0.7であるが、より基材側(110μm~150μm)では極端にN/Si比が減少していることが確認される。
前記断面の観察方法としては、本発明に係るガスバリア性フィルムを、以下のFIB加工装置により薄片を作製した後、断面TEM観察を行う。このとき試料に電子線を照射し続けると、電子線ダメージを受ける部分とそうでない部分にコントラスト差が現れる。本発明に係る改質領域は、改質処理によって緻密化するために電子線ダメージを受けにくいが、非改質領域では電子線ダメージを受け変質が確認される。このようにして確認できた断面TEM観察により、改質領域と非改質領域の膜厚の算出が可能になる。
装置:SII製SMI2050
加工イオン:(Ga 30kV)
試料厚み:100nm~200nm
(TEM観察)
装置:日本電子製JEM2000FX(加速電圧:200kV)
電子線照射時間:5秒から60秒 このようにして見積もる改質領域の膜厚は、第2のバリア層4Bの厚みに対する膜厚比率として、0.2以上、0.9以下であることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.3以上、0.9以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.4以上、0.8以下である。第2のバリア層4Aの総膜厚に対する改質領域の膜厚が、0.2以上であると、第2のバリア層のバリア性能および屈曲性が向上し、0.9以下であると、バリア性能および屈曲性が向上するため好ましい。
本発明においては、好ましくは第1のバリア層が珪素酸化物、珪素窒化物または酸化窒化珪素化合物を有する膜から形成されており、第2のバリア層の処理表面側の改質領域の膜密度d1と、改質されていない非改質領域の膜密度d2は、以下の方法に従って求めることができる。
・X線反射率測定装置:理学電気製薄膜構造評価装置ATX-G
・X線源ターゲット:銅(1.2kW)
・測定:4結晶モノクロメータを用いてX線反射率曲線を測定し、密度分布プロファイルのモデルを作成、フィッティングを行い、膜厚方向の密度分布を算出。
本発明に係る第2のバリア層の改質処理側の表面の表面粗さ(Ra)は、2nm以下であることが好ましく、さらに好ましくは1nm以下である。表面粗さが上記で規定する範囲にあることで、電子デバイス用の樹脂基材として使用する際に、凹凸が少ない平滑な膜面により光透過効率の向上と、電極間リーク電流の低減によりエネルギー変換効率が向上するので好ましい。本発明に係るガスバリア層の表面粗さ(Ra)は以下の方法で測定することができる。
表面粗さは、AFM(原子間力顕微鏡)、例えば、Digital Instruments社製DI3100で、極小の先端半径の触針を持つ検出器で連続測定した凹凸の断面曲線から算出され、極小の先端半径の触針により測定方向が数十μmの区間内を多数回測定し、微細な凹凸の振幅に関する粗さである。
本発明に係るガスバリア性フィルムの製造方法において、第1のバリア層上に第1の珪素化合物含有液を塗布して形成された塗膜を改質処理して第2のバリア層を形成する工程(2)は、第1のバリア層上に第1の珪素化合物含有液を塗布して塗膜を形成した後、当該塗膜に対して前処理を行い、当該前処理後の塗膜に対して改質処理を行うことが好ましく、第1のバリア層上に第1の珪素化合物含有液を塗布して塗膜を形成した後、当該塗膜に対して前処理を行い、当該前処理後の塗膜に対して180nm以下の波長成分を有する真空紫外線を照射する改質処理により第2のバリア層を形成することがより好ましい。
本発明に係る第1の珪素化合物を塗布して形成された塗膜(以下、単に珪素化合物塗膜とする)は、改質処理前または改質処理中に水分が除去されていることが好ましい。そのために、第2のバリア層の製造において、前処理を行うことが好ましい。前記前処理は、真空紫外光を照射前において50~200℃の加熱工程(A)を含むことが好ましく、より好ましくは、珪素化合物塗膜中の有機溶媒の除去を目的とする真空紫外光を照射前において50~200℃の加熱工程(A)と、それに続く珪素化合物塗膜中の水分の除去を目的とする工程(B)とを含むことがより好ましい。改質処理前または改質処理中に水分が除去されることによって、その後の改質処理の効率が向上する。
珪素化合物塗膜の含水率は、以下に示す分析方法に従って測定することができる。
装置:HP6890GC/HP5973MSD
オーブン:40℃(2min)、その後、10℃/minの速度で150℃まで昇温
カラム:DB-624(0.25mmid×30m)
注入口:230℃ 検出器:SIM
m/z=18
HS条件:190℃・30min
第1の珪素化合物の塗膜中の含水率は、上記の分析方法により得られる含水量(g)から、第2のバリア層の体積(L)で除した値として定義され、第二工程により水分が取り除かれた状態においては、好ましくは0.1%(g/L)以下であり、さらに好ましい含水率は、0.01%(g/L)以下(検出限界以下)である。
本発明に係る保護層は、第2のバリア層上に第2の珪素化合物を塗布して形成された塗膜を改質処理したものである。そのため、当該第2の珪素化合物は溶媒に添加して第2の珪素化合物を含有する溶液を調製して、当該溶液を第2のバリア層上に塗布する方法が好ましい。また、本発明に係る保護層は、ガスバリア性を有していない、換言すると水蒸気透過度(水蒸気透過率)(60±0.5℃、相対湿度(90±2)%RH)が、5g/(cm2・24h)以上の薄膜である。
本発明に係る保護層を形成する工程は、第2の珪素化合物と溶媒とを混合した溶液(第2の珪素化合物含有液)を、上記の第2のバリア層上に塗布して塗膜を形成し、当該塗膜を改質処理することが好ましく、ポリシロキサンを含む塗布液を、湿式塗布法により上記の第2のバリア層上に塗布、前処理した後、その前処理した塗膜に真空紫外光を照射することによってポリシロキサン改質層とした保護層を形成することがより好ましく、ポリシロキサンを含む塗布液を、湿式塗布法により上記の第2のバリア層上に塗布、乾燥した後、その乾燥した塗膜に真空紫外光を照射することによってポリシロキサン改質層とした保護層を形成することがさらに好ましい。
本発明に係る基材表面には、第1のバリア層との密着性の向上を目的として、中間層としてアンカーコート層を形成することが好ましい。このアンカーコート層に用いられるアンカーコート剤としては、ポリエステル樹脂、イソシアネート樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、アクリル樹脂、エチレンビニルアルコール樹脂、ビニル変性樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、変性スチレン樹脂、変性シリコン樹脂、及びアルキルチタネート等を、1または2種以上併せて使用することができる。この中でも特にエポキシ樹脂が好ましい。これらのアンカーコート剤には、従来公知の添加剤を加えることもできる。そして、上記のアンカーコート剤は、ロールコート、グラビアコート、ナイフコート、ディップコート、スプレーコート等の公知の方法により基材上にコーティングし、溶剤、希釈剤等を乾燥除去することによりコーティングすることができる。上記のアンカーコート剤の塗布量としては、0.1~5g/m2(乾燥状態)程度が好ましい。
さらに、本発明に係る基材表面には、中間層として平滑層を設けることが望ましい。特に表面が、JIS K 5600-5-4で規定する鉛筆硬度がH以上であることが好ましい。また、中間層の表面粗さがJIS B 0601:2001で規定される最大断面高さRt(p)で10nm<Rt(p)<30nmとなる様な平滑層を設けることが好ましい。
本発明のガスバリア性フィルムにおいては、中間層としてブリードアウト防止層を設けることができる。ブリードアウト防止層は、平滑層を有するフィルムを加熱した際に、フィルム基材中から未反応のオリゴマー等が表面へ移行して、接触する面を汚染する現象を抑制する目的で、平滑層を有する基材の反対面に設けられる。ブリードアウト防止層は、この機能を有していれば、基本的に平滑層と同じ構成をとっても構わない。
本発明に係るガスバリア性フィルムは、基材、第1のバリア層、第2のバリア層、および保護層が順次積層しており、また当該保護層はガスバリア性を有しないことを特徴とする。
本発明のガスバリア性フィルムの好ましい態様においては、化学蒸着法で形成された第1のバリア層3が、酸化珪素または酸窒化珪素から構成され、第1のバリア層3の弾性率をE1とし、第2のバリア層4Bにおける改質領域の弾性率をE2とし、第2のバリア層4Bにおける非改質領域の弾性率をE3としたときに、E1>E2>E3の関係を満たすことが好ましい。
本発明のガスバリア性フィルムの各特性値は、下記の方法に従って測定することができる。
前述のJIS K 7129(1992年)に記載のB法に従って水蒸気透過率を測定するには、種々の方法が提案されている。例えば、カップ法、乾湿センサー法(Lassy法)、赤外線センサー法(mocon法)が代表として挙げられるが、ガスバリア性が向上するに伴って、これらの方法では測定限界に達する場合があり、以下に示す方法も提案されている。
1.Ca法
ガスバリア性フィルムに金属Caを蒸着し、該フィルムを透過した水分で金属Caが腐食される現象を利用する方法。腐食面積とそこに到達する時間から水蒸気透過率を算出する。
大気圧下の試料空間と超高真空中の質量分析計の間で水蒸気の冷却トラップを介して受け渡す方法。
三重水素を用いて水蒸気透過率を算出する方法。
水蒸気または酸素により電気抵抗が変化する材料(例えば、Ca、Mg)をセンサーに用いて、電気抵抗変化とそれに内在する1/f揺らぎ成分から水蒸気透過率を算出する方法。
蒸着装置:日本電子(株)製真空蒸着装置JEE-400
恒温恒湿度オーブン:Yamato Humidic ChamberIG47M
水分と反応して腐食する金属:カルシウム(粒状)
水蒸気不透過性の金属:アルミニウム(φ3~5mm、粒状)
水蒸気バリア性評価用セルの作製
ガスバリア性フィルム試料のバリア層面に、真空蒸着装置(日本電子製真空蒸着装置JEE-400)を用い、透明導電膜を付ける前のガスバリア性フィルム試料の蒸着させたい部分(12mm×12mmを9箇所)以外をマスクし、金属カルシウムを蒸着させた。その後、真空状態のままマスクを取り去り、シート片側全面にアルミニウムをもう一つの金属蒸着源から蒸着させた。アルミニウム封止後、真空状態を解除し、速やかに乾燥窒素ガス雰囲気下で、厚み0.2mmの石英ガラスに封止用紫外線硬化樹脂(ナガセケムテックス製)を介してアルミニウム封止側と対面させ、紫外線を照射することで、評価用セルを作製した。また、屈曲前後のガスバリア性の変化を確認するために、上記屈曲の処理を行わなかったガスバリア性フィルムについても同様に、水蒸気バリア性評価用セルを作製した。
温度23℃、湿度0%RHの条件で、米国、モコン(MOCON)社製の酸素透過率測定装置(機種名、"オキシトラン"(登録商標)(“OXTRAN"2/20))を使用して、JIS K7126(1987年)に記載のB法(等圧法)に基づいて測定する。また、2枚の試験片について測定を各々1回行い、2つの測定値の平均値を酸素透過率の値とする。
本発明のガスバリア性フィルムは、連続生産しロール形態に巻き取ることができる(いわゆるロール・トゥ・ロール生産)。その際、ガスバリア層を形成した面に保護シートを貼合して巻き取ることが好ましい。特に、本発明のガスバリア性フィルムを有機薄膜デバイスの封止材として用いる場合、表面に付着したゴミ(例えば、パーティクル)が原因で欠陥となる場合が多く、クリーン度の高い場所で保護シートを貼合してゴミの付着を防止することは非常に有効である。併せて、巻取り時に入るガスバリア層表面への傷の防止に有効である。
本発明のガスバリア性フィルムは、電子デバイスに適用することができる。有機薄膜光電変換素子や有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の様な有機薄膜デバイスばかりでなく、製造工程に高温処理が含まれるようなフレキシブルLCDや電子ペーパー等のディスプレイ電子デバイスにも好適に用いることが可能である。
本発明のガスバリア性フィルムは、種々の封止用材料、封止用フィルムとして用いることができ、例えば、有機光電変換素子の封止用フィルムに用いることができる。
本発明において、封止フィルムに、本発明のガスバリア性フィルムを基板として用いることができる。
本発明では、本発明のガスバリア層ユニットを有する樹脂フィルム(ガスバリア性フィルム)上に透明導電膜を形成し、作製した有機光電変換素子用樹脂基材上に、有機光電変換素子各層を形成した後、上記封止フィルムを用いて、不活性ガスによりパージされた環境下で、上記封止フィルムで陰極面を覆うようにして、有機光電変換素子を封止することができる。
本発明のガスバリア性フィルムにおいては、上述のように、有機光電変換素子を封止するにあたって、ガスバリア性を一層高める等の観点から、無機酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、等による化合物により形成されるセラミック層を設けることができる。
本発明の有機光電変換素子の好ましい態様を説明するが、これに限定されるものではない。
「p型半導体材料」
有機光電変換素子において、発電層(バルクヘテロジャンクション層)に用いられるp型半導体材料としては、種々の縮合多環芳香族低分子化合物や共役系ポリマーやオリゴマーが挙げられる。
有機光電変換素子において、バルクヘテロジャンクション層に用いられるn型半導体材料としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、フラーレン、オクタアザポルフィリン等、p型半導体の水素原子をフッ素原子に置換したパーフルオロ体(パーフルオロペンタセンやパーフルオロフタロシアニン等)、ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸無水物、ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸ジイミド、ペリレンテトラカルボン酸無水物、ペリレンテトラカルボン酸ジイミド等の芳香族カルボン酸無水物やそのイミド化物を骨格として含む高分子化合物等を挙げることができる。
有機光電変換素子10は、バルクヘテロジャンクション層で発生した電荷をより効率的に取り出すことが可能となるため、バルクヘテロジャンクション層と陽極との中間には正孔輸送層17を有していることが好ましい。
有機光電変換素子10は、バルクヘテロジャンクション層で発生した電荷をより効率的に取り出すことが可能となるため、バルクヘテロジャンクション層と陰極との中間には電子輸送層18を有していることが好ましい。
有機光電変換素子においては、エネルギー変換効率の向上や、素子寿命の向上を目的に、各種中間層を素子内に有する構成としてもよい。中間層の例としては、正孔ブロック層、電子ブロック層、正孔注入層、電子注入層、励起子ブロック層、UV吸収層、光反射層、波長変換層等を挙げることができる。
有機光電変換素子において、透明電極は、陰極あるいは陽極のいずれあっても良く、有機光電変換素子構成により選択することができるが、好ましくは透明電極を陽極として用いることである。例えば、陽極として用いる場合、好ましくは380~800nmの光を透過する電極である。材料としては、例えば、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の透明導電性金属酸化物、金、銀、白金等の金属薄膜、金属ナノワイヤ、カーボンナノチューブを用いることができる。
対電極は、導電材料の単独層であってもよいが、導電性を有する材料に加えて、これらを保持する樹脂を併用してもよい。対電極の導電材料としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム-カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子の取り出し性能及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、これら金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えば、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。対電極はこれらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、(平均)膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
また、前記(v)(または図5)に記載したようなタンデム構成の場合に必要となる中間電極の材料としては、透明性と導電性を併せ持つ化合物を用いた層であることが好ましく、前記透明電極で用いたような材料(ITO、AZO、FTO、酸化チタン等の透明金属酸化物、Ag、Al、Au等の非常に薄い金属層またはナノ粒子・ナノワイヤを含有する層、PEDOT:PSS、ポリアニリン等の導電性高分子材料等)を用いることができる。
有機光電変換素子では導電性繊維を用いることができ、導電性繊維としては、金属でコーティングした有機繊維や無機繊維、導電性金属酸化物繊維、金属ナノワイヤ、炭素繊維、カーボンナノチューブ等を用いることができるが、金属ナノワイヤが好ましい。
本発明の有機光電変換素子は、太陽光のより効率的な受光を目的として、各種の光学機能層を有していてよい。光学機能層としては、例えば、反射防止膜、マイクロレンズアレイ等の集光層、陰極で反射した光を散乱させて再度発電層に入射させることができるような光拡散層等を設けてもよい。
〈各種の層の形成方法〉
電子受容体と電子供与体とが混合されたバルクヘテロジャンクション層、及び輸送層・電極の形成方法としては、蒸着法、塗布法(キャスト法、スピンコート法を含む)等を例示することができる。このうち、バルクヘテロジャンクション層の形成方法としては、蒸着法、塗布法(キャスト法、スピンコート法を含む)等を例示することができる。このうち、前述の正孔と電子が電荷分離する界面の面積を増大させ、高い光電変換効率を有する素子を作製するためには、塗布法が好ましい。また塗布法は、製造速度にも優れている。
本発明の有機光電変換素子の製造において、電極、発電層、正孔輸送層、電子輸送層等をパターニングする方法やプロセスには特に制限はなく、公知の手法を適宜適用することができる。
《ガスバリア性フィルムの作製》
〔基材(ア)の作製〕
熱可塑性樹脂基材(基材)として、両面に易接着加工された厚み125μmのポリエステルフィルム(帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製、極低熱収PET Q83)を用い、下記に示すように、基材の一方の面側にブリードアウト防止層1を、基材を挟んでブリードアウト防止層1を形成したのとは反対側の面に平滑層1を形成して、基材(ア)を作製した。なお。PETとは、ポリエチレンテレフタレートの略称である。
上記熱可塑性樹脂基材の一方の面側に、JSR株式会社製のUV硬化型有機/無機ハイブリッドハードコート材 OPSTAR Z7535を、乾燥後の膜厚が4.0μmになる条件で塗布した後、硬化条件として、照射エネルギー量1.0J/cm2で、空気雰囲気下、高圧水銀ランプを使用し、乾燥条件80℃で、3分間の硬化処理を行い、ブリードアウト防止層1を形成した。
次いで、上記熱可塑性樹脂基材のブリードアウト防止層1を形成した面とは反対側の面側に、JSR株式会社製のUV硬化型有機/無機ハイブリッドハードコート材 OPSTAR Z7501を、乾燥後の膜厚が4.0μmになる条件で塗布した後、80℃で、3分間乾燥した後、空気雰囲気下、高圧水銀ランプを使用し、硬化条件として、照射エネルギー量1.0J/cm2で照射、硬化して、平滑層1を形成した。
リタデーションの低い基材として、100μm厚みの透明ポリカーボネートフィルム(帝人化成株式会社製、ピュアエース)を用い、下記に示すように、基材の両面に平滑層2、3を形成して、基材(イ)を作製した。
トリメチロールプロパントリグリシジルエーテル(エポライト100MF 共栄社化学社製)を8.0g、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル(エポライト40E 共栄社化学社製)を5.0g、オキセタニル基を有するシルセスキオキサン:OX-SQ-H(東亞合成社製)を12.0g、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシランを32.5g、Al(III)アセチルアセトネートを2.2g、メタノールシリカゾル(日産化学社製、固形分濃度30質量%)を134.0g、BYK333(ビックケミー・ジャパン社製、シリコン系界面活性剤)を0.1g、ブチルセロソルブを125.0g、0.1モル/Lの塩酸水溶液を15.0g混合し、充分に攪拌した。これを室温でさらに静置脱気して、平滑層塗布液Aを調製した。
上記耐熱性基材の一方の面側に、定法によりコロナ放電処理を施した後、上記平滑層塗布液Aを、乾燥後の膜厚が4.0μmとなる条件で塗布した後、80℃で3分間乾燥した。更に、120℃で10分間の加熱処理を施して、平滑層2を形成した。
上記耐熱性基材の平滑層2を形成した面とは反対側の面に、上記平滑層2の形成方法と同様にして、平滑層3を形成した。
上記基材(イ)の作製において、耐熱性基材である両面に易接着加工が施された200μm厚みの透明ポリイミド系フィルム(三菱瓦斯化学株式会社製、ネオプリムL)に代えて、耐熱性基材として、有機無機ハイブリッド構造を有するシルセスキオキサンを基本骨格としたフィルムである、100μm厚の新日鐵化学社製のシルプラスH100を用いた以外は同様にして、基材(ウ)を作製した。なお、基材(ウ)の平滑層2及び平滑層3の表面粗さを同様にして測定した結果、いずれもRzは約20nmであった。
サムコ社製プラズマCVD装置Model PD-270STPを用いて、大気圧プラズマ法により、上記透明樹脂基材(きもと社製クリアハードコート層(CHC)付ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム、ハードコート層はアクリル樹脂を主成分としたUV硬化樹脂より構成、PETの厚み125μm、CHCの厚み6μm)上に、以下の薄膜形成条件で酸化珪素の第1のバリア層を形成した。
放電ガス:窒素ガス 94.9体積%
反応ガス:テトラエトキシシラン5sccm(standard cubic centimeter per minute)濃度0.5%
添加ガス:酸素ガス 5.0体積%
酸素圧力:53.2Pa
電力:13.56MHzで100W
基材保持温度:120℃
〈第1電極側〉
電源種類:ハイデン研究所 100kHz(連続モード) PHF-6k
周波数 :100kHz
出力密度:10W/cm2
電極温度:120℃
〈第2電極側〉
電源種類:パール工業 13.56MHz CF-5000-13M
周波数 :13.56MHz
出力密度:10W/cm2
電極温度:90℃
上記方法に従って形成した第1のバリア層1は、酸化珪素(SiO2)で構成され、膜厚は製膜時間の調整により表1に示す膜厚にした。弾性率は膜厚方向で一様に30GPa(=E1)であった。
「ポリシラザン層の形成」
上記基材及び第1のバリア層の上に、下記に示すポリシラザン化合物を含有する第2バリア層形成用塗布液を、スピンコーターを用いて、乾燥後の膜厚が表に示す値となる条件で塗布して、ポリシラザン層を形成した。乾燥は、100℃で2分間行った。
無触媒のパーヒドロポリシラザンを20質量%含むジブチルエーテル溶液(AZエレクトロニックマテリアルズ(株)製アクアミカ NN120-20)と、アミン触媒を固形分で5質量%含有するパーヒドロポリシラザンの20質量%ジブチルエーテル溶液(AZエレクトロニックマテリアルズ(株)製アクアミカ NAX120-20)を混合して用い、アミン触媒を固形分として1質量%になるように調整した後、ジブチルエーテルで希釈することにより、総固形分量が2質量%のジブチルエーテル溶液として、水蒸気バリア層形成用塗布液を調製した。
下に示す条件で、ポリシラザン層に真空紫外線照射処理を施して、第二のバリア層を形成した。上記形成した第二のバリア層を、100℃で2分間乾燥した後、下記の装置、条件でエキシマ改質処理を施してポリシラザン層を改質し、ポリシラザン改質層である第二のバリア層を形成した。改質処理時の露点温度は-20℃で実施した。
1)真空紫外線照射装置:(株)エム・ディ・コム製エキシマ照射装置MODEL:MECL-M-1-200
2)照射紫外線波長:172nm
3)ランプ封入ガス:Xe
〈改質処理条件〉
1)エキシマ光強度:130mW/cm2(172nm)
2)試料と光源の距離:2mm
3)ステージ加熱温度:95℃
4)照射装置内の酸素濃度:0.3%
5)エキシマ光照射時のステージ搬送速度:10mm/秒
6)エキシマ光照射時のステージ搬送回数:6往復
真空紫外線照射工程で試料塗布層表面に照射されるエネルギーは、浜松ホトニクス社製の紫外線積算光量計:C8026/H8025 UV POWER METERを用い、172nmのセンサヘッドを用いて測定した。この測定で得られた照射エネルギーを元に、試料ステージの移動速度を調整することで、積算光量が表に示す値となるように調整した。尚、真空紫外線照射に際しては、照射エネルギー測定時と同様に、10分間のエージング後に行った。
「ポリシロキサン層の形成」
上記第二のバリア層を形成した試料上に、下記ポリシロキサン化合物を含有する保護層形成用塗布液を用い、スピンコーターにより、乾燥後の膜厚が表に示す値となる条件で塗布してポリシロキサン層を形成した。乾燥条件は、120℃で20分とした。
JSR株式会社製の「グラスカHPC7003」と「グラスカHPC404H」とを10:1の割合で混合した。次いで、この混合液をブタノールで2倍に希釈し、更に、その混合液にブチルセロソルブを5.0%添加して、保護層形成用塗布液14を調製した。この保護層形成用塗布液14の固形分量は、10%である。
上記の様にしてポリシロキサン層を形成した後、上記第二のバリア層の形成で、第二のバリア層の改質処理で用いたのと同様の構成からなる真空紫外線照射装置を用い、真空紫外線の積算光量を1000mJ/cm2に変更した以外は同様にして、保護層を形成した。積算光量が表に示す値となるように調整した。
〈水蒸気バリア性評価に使用する装置〉
蒸着装置:日本電子(株)製
真空蒸着装置JEE-400
恒温恒湿度オーブン:Yamato Humidic ChamberIG47M
〈水蒸気バリア性評価に用いる原材料〉
水分と反応して腐食する金属:カルシウム(粒状)
水蒸気不透過性の金属:アルミニウム(平均φ:4mm、粒状)
〔水蒸気バリア性評価用試料の作製〕
上記真空蒸着装置(日本電子製真空蒸着装置 JEE-400)を用い、上記作製した各バリア性フィルムの水蒸気バリア層を形成した面側に、マスクを通して12mm×12mmのサイズで金属カルシウムを蒸着させた。
得られた各水蒸気バリア性評価用試料を85℃で、90%RHの高温高湿環境下で、1000時間、100時間、10時間のそれぞれで保存し、12mm×12mmの金属カルシウム蒸着面積に対し金属カルシウムが腐食した面積を%表示で測定し、下記の基準に従って水蒸気バリア性1を評価した。
△:金属カルシウムが腐食した面積が、全面積の1.0%以上、5.0%未満である、
×:金属カルシウムが腐食した面積が、全面積の5.0%以上である。
〔折り曲げ耐性の評価〕
各ガスバリア性フィルムを、半径が10mmの曲率になるように、180度の角度で100回の屈曲を繰り返した後、上記と同様の方法で水蒸気透過率を測定し、屈曲処理前後での水蒸気透過率の変化より、下式に従って耐劣化度を測定し、下記の基準に従って折り曲げ耐性を評価した。
△:耐劣化度が、30%以上、80%未満である、
×:耐劣化度が、30%未満である。
〔加熱・水浸漬処理〕
各ガスバリア性フィルムについて、100℃の恒温乾燥機中に24時間投入した後、25℃の純水に24時間浸漬した。更に、その後100℃の恒温乾燥機中に24時間投入して加熱及び水浸漬処理を施した。得られた各水蒸気バリア性評価用試料を85℃で、90%RHの高温高湿環境下で、100時間保存し、12mm×12mmの金属カルシウム蒸着面積に対し金属カルシウムが腐食した面積を%表示で測定し、下記の基準に従って水蒸気バリア性1を評価した。
△:金属カルシウムが腐食した面積が、全面積の1.0%以上、5.0%未満である、
×:金属カルシウムが腐食した面積が、全面積の5.0%以上である。
〔断裁加工適性の評価〕
各ガスバリア性フィルムを、ディスクカッターDC-230(CADL社)を用いてB5サイズに断裁した後、断裁した各端部をルーペ観察し、四辺のクラックの総発生数を確認し、下記の基準に従って断裁加工適性を評価した。
△:クラックの発生数が、1本以上、5本以下である、
×:クラックの発生数が、6本以上、10本以下である。
以上の評価測定により得られた、バリア性、折り曲げ耐性(屈曲性)、および耐水性の実験結果を表2に示す。
《有機EL素子の作製》
実施例1で作製した各ガスバリア性フィルムを封止フィルムとして用いて、下記の方法に従って、電子デバイスの一例として、有機EL素子1~29を作製した。
実施例1で作製した各ガスバリア性フィルムの各バリア層上に、以下の方法により透明導電膜を作製した。
反応性ガス1:酸素 0.25体積%
反応性ガス2:インジウムアセチルアセトナート 1.2体積%
反応性ガス3:ジブチル錫ジアセテート 0.05体積%
〔有機EL素子の作製〕
得られた透明導電膜を形成した試料1~29の100mm×100mmを基板とし、これにパターニングを行った後、このITO透明電極を設けたガスバリア性フィルム基板をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥した。この透明支持基板を市販の真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに固定し、一方、モリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにα-NPDを200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにホスト化合物としてCBPを200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにバソキュプロイン(BCP)を200mg入れ、別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにIr-1を100mg入れ、更に別のモリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにAlq3を200mg入れ、真空蒸着装置に取付けた。
次いで、真空槽を4×10-4Paまで減圧した後、α-NPDの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度0.1nm/秒で透明支持基板に蒸着し、正孔輸送層を設けた。
次いで、CBPとIr-1の入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、それぞれ蒸着速度0.2nm/秒、0.012nm/秒で正孔輸送層上に共蒸着して発光層を設けた。なお、蒸着時の基板温度は室温であった。
更にBCPの入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度0.1nm/秒で前記発光層の上に蒸着して膜厚10nmの正孔阻止層を設けた。
その上に、更にAlq3の入った前記加熱ボートに通電して加熱し、蒸着速度0.1nm/秒で正孔阻止層上に蒸着して、膜厚40nmの電子輸送層を設けた。なお、蒸着時の基板温度は室温であった。
引き続き、フッ化リチウム0.5nm及びアルミニウム110nmを蒸着して陰極を形成し、それぞれ透明導電膜付の試料1~29を用いた有機EL素子1~29を作製した。
窒素ガス(不活性ガス)によりパージされた環境下で、有機EL素子試料1~29のアルミニウム蒸着面と、厚み100μmのアルミ箔を対面させる様にして、ナガセケムテックス社製エポキシ系接着剤を用いて接着させて封止を行った。
封止された有機EL素子1~29を、40℃、90%RHの環境下で通電を行い、ダークスポットの発生等と輝度ムラの状況を、0日から120日までの変化を観察した結果、本発明のガスバリア性フィルム4~29を用いて作製した有機EL素子は、比較例のフィルム1~3を設置した有機EL素子に対し、ダークスポット耐性及び輝度ムラ耐性に優れた特性を備えていることを確認することができた。
Claims (8)
- 基材と、前記基材表面上に、気相成長法で形成された第1のバリア層と、
前記第1のバリア層の表面に第1の珪素化合物を塗布して形成された塗膜を改質処理した第2のバリア層と、
前記第2のバリア層の表面に第2の珪素化合物を塗布して形成された塗膜を改質処理したバリア性を有しない保護層と、
を有するガスバリア性フィルム。 - 前記気相成長法で形成された第1のバリア層は、酸化珪素、酸窒化珪素、および窒化珪素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を有する、請求項1に記載のガスバリア性フィルム。
- 前記第1の珪素化合物は、ポリシラザンを含む、請求項1または2に記載のガスバリア性フィルム。
- 前記第2の珪素化合物は、ポリシロキサンを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のガスバリア性フィルム。
- 前記第2のバリア層の平均膜厚は、10nm~1μmであり、かつ前記保護層の平均膜厚は、10nm~1μmである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のガスバリア性フィルム。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のガスバリア性フィルムの製造方法であって、
前記第2のバリア層は、第1の珪素化合物を前記第1のバリア層の表面に塗布して形成された塗膜を180nm以下の波長成分を有する真空紫外線を照射する改質処理により形成する、ガスバリア性フィルムの製造方法。 - 前記第2のバリア層の形成に用いる真空紫外光の積算光量が、1000mJ/cm2以上10000mJ/cm2以下であり、かつ前記保護層の形成に用いる真空紫外光の積算光量が、500mJ/cm2以上10000mJ/cm2以下である、請求項6に記載のガスバリア性フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記第2のバリア層および前記保護層は、真空紫外光を照射前に50~200℃の加熱工程を得る、請求項6または7に記載のガスバリア性フィルムの製造方法。
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CN104284776B (zh) | 2016-01-06 |
CN104284776A (zh) | 2015-01-14 |
US20150125679A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
JP6056854B2 (ja) | 2017-01-11 |
EP2851192A1 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
EP2851192A4 (en) | 2015-12-23 |
JPWO2013172359A1 (ja) | 2016-01-12 |
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