WO2013058237A1 - 誘電膜およびそれを用いたトランスデューサ - Google Patents
誘電膜およびそれを用いたトランスデューサ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013058237A1 WO2013058237A1 PCT/JP2012/076693 JP2012076693W WO2013058237A1 WO 2013058237 A1 WO2013058237 A1 WO 2013058237A1 JP 2012076693 W JP2012076693 W JP 2012076693W WO 2013058237 A1 WO2013058237 A1 WO 2013058237A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dielectric film
- barium titanate
- titanate particles
- rubber
- dielectric
- Prior art date
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006311 Urethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005558 epichlorohydrin rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002681 hypalon Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 205
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 barium alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- AEFZROXEJHGBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(=O)CC(C)=O.C(C)C(CO[Ti](OCC(CCCC)CC)(OCC(CCCC)CC)OCC(CCCC)CC)CCCC Chemical compound C(C)(=O)CC(C)=O.C(C)C(CO[Ti](OCC(CCCC)CC)(OCC(CCCC)CC)OCC(CCCC)CC)CCCC AEFZROXEJHGBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002595 Dielectric elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NCQPUQANCGGNSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti+4].[Ba++].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] Chemical compound [Ti+4].[Ba++].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] NCQPUQANCGGNSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XBYNNYGGLWJASC-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Ba] XBYNNYGGLWJASC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYXAMSAOPKFSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+) butan-1-olate titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].[Ba++].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] LYXAMSAOPKFSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYGHBHXXVGMBDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+) ethanolate titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].[Ba++].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] OYGHBHXXVGMBDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CGUDMFBNGRVPHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+) methanolate titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].[Ba++].C[O-].C[O-].C[O-].C[O-].C[O-].C[O-] CGUDMFBNGRVPHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVSNZOUKUFGNLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);butan-1-olate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] TVSNZOUKUFGNLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYIWFHXWLCXGQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);ethanolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC[O-].CC[O-] GYIWFHXWLCXGQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQDSDRAVKYTTTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);methanolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C.[O-]C BQDSDRAVKYTTTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCKXRHNLRWLPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);propan-1-olate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] ZCKXRHNLRWLPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZEIWWVGGEOHESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].OC.OC.OC.OC ZEIWWVGGEOHESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- HKJYVRJHDIPMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound CCCO[Ti](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC HKJYVRJHDIPMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium ethoxide Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTXWGMUMDPYXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCCC(CC)C[O-].CCCCC(CC)C[O-].CCCCC(CC)C[O-].CCCCC(CC)C[O-] KTXWGMUMDPYXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100258086 Postia placenta (strain ATCC 44394 / Madison 698-R) STS-01 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002742 polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene/propylene) -block-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000235 small-angle X-ray scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001935 styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006346 thermoplastic polyester elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/26—Incorporating metal atoms into the molecule
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
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- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
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- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
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- B81B3/0018—Structures acting upon the moving or flexible element for transforming energy into mechanical movement or vice versa, i.e. actuators, sensors, generators
- B81B3/0021—Transducers for transforming electrical into mechanical energy or vice versa
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
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- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
- H10N30/206—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators using only longitudinal or thickness displacement, e.g. d33 or d31 type devices
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- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2307/025—Diaphragms comprising polymeric materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31707—Next to natural rubber
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transducer using an elastomer material, and more particularly to a dielectric film used for the transducer.
- transducers include actuators, sensors, power generation elements, etc. that convert mechanical energy and electrical energy, or speakers, microphones, etc. that convert acoustic energy and electrical energy.
- Polymer materials such as dielectric elastomers are useful for constructing a highly flexible, small and lightweight transducer.
- an actuator can be configured by arranging a pair of electrodes on both sides in the thickness direction of a dielectric film made of a dielectric elastomer.
- increasing the voltage applied between the electrodes increases the electrostatic attractive force between the electrodes.
- the dielectric film sandwiched between the electrodes is compressed in the thickness direction, and the thickness of the dielectric film is reduced.
- the dielectric film extends in a direction parallel to the electrode surface.
- the applied voltage between the electrodes is reduced, the electrostatic attractive force between the electrodes is reduced.
- the actuator drives the member to be driven by extending and contracting the dielectric film.
- Silicone rubber has a siloxane bond as the skeleton. For this reason, electrical resistance is large. Therefore, the dielectric film made of silicone rubber is difficult to break down even when a large voltage is applied. However, the polarity of silicone rubber is small. That is, the relative dielectric constant is small. For this reason, when the actuator is configured using a dielectric film made of silicone rubber, the electrostatic attractive force with respect to the applied voltage is small. Therefore, a desired force and displacement cannot be obtained with a practical voltage.
- the relative dielectric constant of acrylic rubber and nitrile rubber is larger than that of silicone rubber.
- the electrostatic attraction with respect to the applied voltage becomes larger than when silicone rubber is used.
- the electrical resistance of acrylic rubber or the like is smaller than that of silicone rubber.
- the dielectric film easily breaks down.
- a voltage is applied, a current flows in the dielectric film (so-called leakage current), and charges are not easily accumulated near the interface between the dielectric film and the electrode. Therefore, although the relative dielectric constant is large, the electrostatic attractive force is small, and a sufficient force and displacement cannot be obtained.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a dielectric film in which a high dielectric ceramic powder such as barium titanate is blended with a base rubber.
- the present inventor has developed an elastomer material in which an inorganic filler such as barium titanate is blended in an elastomer crosslinked with an organometallic compound as a material for the dielectric film (see Patent Document 3).
- an inorganic filler is blended with the elastomer, the flow of electrons is thereby inhibited, so that the electrical resistance can be increased.
- the inorganic filler is not directly chemically bonded to the elastomer.
- This invention is made in view of such a situation, and makes it a subject to provide the dielectric film with a large relative dielectric constant and volume resistivity.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a transducer that is excellent in dielectric breakdown resistance and can output a large force using the dielectric film.
- the dielectric film of the present invention is a dielectric film used for a transducer, and includes an elastomer and barium titanate particles having a crystallinity of 80% or more.
- the elastomer and the barium titanate particles are It has a functional group capable of reacting with each other, and a cross-linked structure of the elastomer and the barium titanate particles is formed by a reaction between the functional groups.
- a crosslinked structure is formed by an elastomer and barium titanate particles. That is, the flow of electrons is blocked by the insulating network formed from the elastomer and the barium titanate particles. For this reason, the electric resistance of the dielectric film of the present invention is large.
- the elastomer and the barium titanate particles are chemically bonded. For this reason, there is no gap between them. Therefore, dielectric breakdown due to discharge is unlikely to occur during voltage application.
- the barium titanate particles are incorporated in an elastomer three-dimensional network structure. For this reason, barium titanate particles are difficult to aggregate.
- the barium titanate particles are uniformly dispersed in the elastomer in a state of single primary particles, not aggregated secondary particles. Therefore, the passage of electrons can be more effectively inhibited.
- the film quality of the dielectric film is uniform. For this reason, the elongation of the dielectric film at the time of voltage application becomes uniform, and dielectric breakdown based on the barium titanate particles hardly occurs.
- the degree of crystallinity of the barium titanate particles is 80% or more. Since the crystallinity is high, the relative dielectric constant and volume resistivity of the barium titanate particles are large. By using barium titanate particles having high crystallinity, the dielectric constant and volume resistivity of the dielectric film of the present invention can be further increased.
- the crystallinity can be measured with an X-ray diffraction (XRD) apparatus. That is, if the obtained XRD pattern is separated into a peak intensity generated from the crystalline component and a halo intensity generated from the amorphous component, and calculated by the following equation (1) using their integrated intensities: Good.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the volume resistivity is large, the leakage current is reduced, and a large amount of charge can be accumulated near the interface between the dielectric film and the electrode. Therefore, according to the transducer including the dielectric film of the present invention, a large force and displacement can be obtained with a practical voltage.
- the dielectric film of the present invention has high resistance to dielectric breakdown. For this reason, a larger voltage and displacement can be obtained by applying a larger voltage.
- the transducer of the present invention is characterized by including the dielectric film of the present invention and a plurality of electrodes arranged via the dielectric film.
- the transducer of the present invention includes the above dielectric film of the present invention.
- the relative dielectric constant and volume resistivity of the dielectric film of the present invention are large. For this reason, when a voltage is applied to the dielectric film of the present invention, a large electrostatic attraction is generated. Therefore, according to the transducer of the present invention, a large force and displacement can be obtained with a practical voltage. Moreover, since the dielectric breakdown resistance of the dielectric film is high, a larger force and displacement can be obtained by applying a larger voltage.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. It is a perspective view of the speaker which is 2nd embodiment of the transducer of this invention.
- FIG. 5 is a VV cross-sectional view of FIG. 4.
- dielectric film and the transducer of the present invention are not limited to the following embodiments, and can be variously modified and improved by those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Can be implemented.
- the dielectric film of the present invention includes an elastomer and barium titanate particles having a crystallinity of 80% or more.
- the elastomer is not particularly limited as long as it has a functional group capable of reacting with the functional group of the barium titanate particles.
- the functional group of the barium titanate particles includes at least one of an alkoxy group (—OR) and a hydroxy group (—OH).
- a functional group capable of reacting with these functional groups specifically, a hydroxy group (—OH), an amino group (—NH 2 , —NHR 1 , —NR 1 R 2 ), a carboxy group (—COOH), Those having at least one selected from a thiol group (—SH) and a halogenated alkyl group (—RX) are preferred (R, R 1 and R 2 are alkyl groups, and X is a halogen atom).
- Elastomer includes crosslinked rubber and thermoplastic elastomer. One of these can be used alone, or two or more can be mixed and used.
- the elastomer may be appropriately selected according to the performance required for the transducer. For example, from the viewpoint of increasing the electrostatic attractive force generated when a voltage is applied, an elastomer having a high polarity, that is, a high relative dielectric constant is desirable. Specifically, those having a relative dielectric constant of 2.8 or more (measurement frequency 100 Hz) are suitable.
- elastomers having a large relative dielectric constant examples include nitrile rubber (NBR), hydrogenated nitrile rubber (H-NBR), acrylic rubber, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylic.
- NBR nitrile rubber
- H-NBR hydrogenated nitrile rubber
- acrylic rubber natural rubber
- isoprene rubber ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
- ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylic examples include acid ester copolymers, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, chloroprene rubber, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, and urethane rubber.
- the elastomer does not have a functional group, it may be modified by introducing a functional group.
- modified elastomer for example, carboxyl group-modified nitrile rubber (X-NBR), carboxyl group-modified hydrogenated nitrile rubber (XH-NBR) and the like are suitable.
- X-NBR and XH-NBR preferably have an acrylonitrile content (bonded AN amount) of 33% by mass or more.
- the amount of bonded AN is the mass ratio of acrylonitrile when the total mass of the rubber is 100% by mass.
- an elastomer having a large electric resistance is desirable because it is difficult to break down when a voltage is applied.
- the elastomer having a large electric resistance include silicone rubber and ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer.
- the functional group may be introduced as appropriate.
- thermoplastic elastomer does not use a cross-linking agent, it is difficult for impurities to enter.
- Thermoplastic elastomers include styrene (SBS, SEBS, SEPS), olefin (TPO), vinyl chloride (TPVC), urethane (TPU), ester (TPEE), amide (TPAE), Examples include polymers and blends.
- barium titanate particles those having a crystallinity of 80% or more are used. Further, the barium titanate particles produced by the production method described later have at least one of an alkoxy group (—OR) and a hydroxy group (—OH) as a functional group capable of reacting with the functional group of the elastomer on the surface. . A cross-linked structure is formed by the reaction between the functional group of the barium titanate particles and the functional group of the elastomer. That is, the barium titanate particles play a role as a crosslinking agent.
- the particle diameter of the barium titanate particles is desirably smaller.
- a dense insulating network is formed by uniformly dispersing the barium titanate particles having a small particle diameter in the elastomer.
- the film quality of the dielectric film becomes uniform. For this reason, the leakage current at the time of voltage application is suppressed, the elongation of the dielectric film becomes uniform, and the dielectric breakdown based on the barium titanate particles hardly occurs.
- the relative dielectric constant of barium titanate increases as the particle diameter increases. For this reason, considering the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric film, it is desirable that the barium titanate particles have a larger particle diameter. Therefore, the particle diameter of the barium titanate particles may be appropriately determined so that the dielectric film has a desired relative dielectric constant, volume resistivity, flexibility, and the like in consideration of these conflicting advantages.
- the particle diameter of the barium titanate particles is desirably 8 nm or more and 120 nm or less.
- the particle diameter is less than 8 nm, the effect of increasing the relative dielectric constant is reduced. 10 nm or more is preferable.
- the particle diameter exceeds 120 nm, the effect of increasing the volume resistivity is reduced. 60 nm or less is suitable.
- the median diameter is adopted as the particle diameter of the barium titanate particles.
- the particle diameter of the barium titanate particles in the dielectric film can be measured by observation using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Moreover, you may measure by a scanning probe microscope (SPM), a small angle X-ray scattering method, and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- SPM scanning probe microscope
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the barium titanate particles can be produced by a sol-gel method using a high concentration precursor.
- the particle diameter of the barium titanate particles in the obtained gel is equal to the particle diameter of the barium titanate particles in the dielectric film. Therefore, the particle diameter of the barium titanate particles in the gel may be adopted as the particle diameter of the barium titanate particles in the dielectric film.
- the particle diameter of the barium titanate particles in the gel can be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction / scattering particle diameter / particle size distribution measuring apparatus manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd. Further, the gel can be dried and measured by observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- the content of the barium titanate particles may be appropriately determined in consideration of the dielectric constant, volume resistivity, flexibility and the like of the dielectric film.
- the content of the barium titanate particles may be 10 parts by mass or more and 500 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer.
- the content of the barium titanate particles is less than 10 parts by mass, the effect of increasing the relative permittivity and volume resistivity is small.
- it exceeds 500 mass parts an elasticity modulus will increase and a softness
- barium titanate As described above, the higher the crystallinity of barium titanate, the greater the relative dielectric constant and volume resistivity.
- Known methods for producing barium titanate include a solid phase reaction method, a hydrothermal synthesis method, and a sol-gel method.
- the solid phase reaction method provides a highly crystalline material, but the particles tend to aggregate by firing at a high temperature. For this reason, even if the particles after firing are pulverized, only particles having a large particle diameter can be obtained. If the particle diameter of barium titanate is large, it is difficult to uniformly disperse it throughout the elastomer. Further, when particles having a large particle diameter are present, the elongation of the dielectric film at the time of voltage application tends to be uneven.
- the barium titanate particles to be blended in the dielectric film of the present invention are prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using supercritical water disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3925932 or a high concentration precursor disclosed in Patent Document 4. It is desirable to produce by the sol-gel method used.
- barium titanate particles are produced by supplying a metal complex containing barium and titanium into a reaction environment in a supercritical water state and staying for a predetermined time.
- this method it is possible to easily produce barium titanate particles having a crystallinity of 80% or more and a particle size of 120 nm or less.
- a single metal alkoxide or hydroxide containing barium or titanium may be used in combination of plural kinds so as to have a composition of perovskite compound, and a composite alkoxide containing both barium and titanium.
- barium alkoxide includes barium methoxide, barium ethoxide, barium propoxide, barium butoxide and the like.
- titanium alkoxide include titanium methoxide, titanium ethoxide, titanium propoxide, titanium butoxide and the like.
- the composite alkoxide include barium titanium methoxide, barium titanium ethoxide, barium titanium propoxide, barium titanium butoxide and the like.
- the barium titanate particles are contained in a precursor solution in which the concentration of alkoxide containing barium and titanium is 0.5 mol / l or more, and the concentration of the polar organic solvent is 15 mol%.
- the above mixed solution of water and a polar organic solvent was added dropwise so that the molar ratio of the water in the mixed solution was 4 times the molar ratio of the titanium in the precursor solution, and the alkoxide was added. After hydrolysis, it is produced by holding at a temperature of 10 ° C. or higher. According to this method, it is possible to easily produce barium titanate particles having a crystallinity of 80% or more and a particle size of 120 nm or less.
- a single metal alkoxide containing barium or titanium may be used in combination with a perovskite compound, or a composite alkoxide containing both barium and titanium may be used.
- barium alkoxide includes barium methoxide, barium ethoxide, barium propoxide, barium butoxide and the like.
- titanium alkoxide include titanium methoxide, titanium ethoxide, titanium propoxide, titanium butoxide and the like.
- the composite alkoxide include barium titanium methoxide, barium titanium ethoxide, barium titanium propoxide, barium titanium butoxide and the like.
- An alkoxide containing barium and titanium is dissolved in, for example, a mixed solvent of methanol and 2-methoxyethanol (3: 2 by volume) to prepare a precursor solution having an alkoxide concentration of 0.5 mol / l or more.
- a mixed solvent of methanol and 2-methoxyethanol 3: 2 by volume
- Any solvent may be used as long as it can dissolve alkoxide at a concentration of 0.5 mol / l or more, and alcohol solvents such as methanol and ethanol, and ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone and acetone may be used alone or in combination. Good.
- the polar organic solvent of the mixed solution dropped into the precursor solution an alcohol-based, ketone-based, or ether-based solvent may be used.
- the mixed solution may be dropped while the precursor solution is cooled to about ⁇ 30 ° C.
- the temperature of the hydrolyzed solution is raised to 10 ° C. or higher and held at that temperature for a predetermined time (aging treatment).
- the holding temperature is preferably 30 ° C. or higher.
- the dielectric film of the present invention may contain other components in addition to the elastomer and the barium titanate particles.
- examples of other components include a crosslinking agent, a reinforcing agent, a plasticizer, an antiaging agent, and a coloring agent.
- a crosslinked structure is formed by the reaction between the functional group of the barium titanate particles and the functional group of the elastomer without blending a crosslinking agent.
- the crosslinking reaction can be further promoted by adding a crosslinking agent.
- the manufacturing method of the dielectric film of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the pre-crosslinking polymer of elastomer, barium titanate powder, and, if necessary, additives may be kneaded by a roll or a kneader and formed into a thin film under predetermined conditions.
- a solution containing an elastomer pre-crosslinking polymer, barium titanate powder, and, if necessary, an additive may be applied on a substrate and cured under predetermined conditions.
- the transducer of the present invention includes the dielectric film of the present invention and a plurality of electrodes disposed via the dielectric film.
- the configuration of the dielectric film and the manufacturing method of the present invention are as described above. Therefore, the description is omitted here.
- the thickness of the dielectric film may be appropriately determined according to the application.
- the thickness of the dielectric film is small from the viewpoints of downsizing the actuator, driving at a low potential, and increasing the amount of displacement.
- the thickness of the dielectric film be 1 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m (1 mm) or less in consideration of the dielectric breakdown resistance.
- a more preferable range is 5 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the material of the electrode is not particularly limited. It is desirable that the electrode can be expanded and contracted following the deformation of the dielectric film. In this case, the deformation of the dielectric film is not easily regulated by the electrode. Therefore, it becomes easy to obtain a desired output in the transducer of the present invention.
- the electrode can be formed from a conductive paste obtained by mixing a conductive material in a binder such as oil or elastomer, or a conductive paint.
- a conductive paste obtained by mixing a conductive material in a binder such as oil or elastomer, or a conductive paint.
- the conductive material carbon material such as carbon black, ketjen black, carbon nanotube, graphene, or metal powder such as silver may be used.
- the electrodes may be formed by knitting carbon fibers or metal fibers in a mesh shape.
- the transducer of the present invention has a laminated structure in which a plurality of dielectric films and electrodes are alternately laminated, a larger force can be generated. Therefore, when the laminated structure is adopted, for example, the output of the actuator can be increased. Thereby, a drive object member can be driven with bigger force.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the actuator of this embodiment. (A) shows the voltage off state, and (b) shows the voltage on state.
- the actuator 1 includes a dielectric film 10, electrodes 11a and 11b, and wirings 12a and 12b.
- the dielectric film 10 has carboxyl group-modified hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HX-NBR) and barium titanate particles. The degree of crystallinity of the barium titanate particles is 95%, and the median diameter is 20 nm.
- a cross-linked structure is formed by HX-NBR and barium titanate particles. Barium titanate particles are uniformly dispersed in HX-NBR.
- the electrode 11a is disposed so as to cover substantially the entire top surface of the dielectric film 10.
- the electrode 11 b is disposed so as to cover substantially the entire lower surface of the dielectric film 10.
- the electrodes 11a and 11b are connected to the power supply 13 via wirings 12a and 12b, respectively.
- the actuator 1 When switching from the off state to the on state, a voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes 11a and 11b. As the voltage is applied, the thickness of the dielectric film 10 is reduced, and accordingly, as shown by the white arrow in FIG. 1B, the dielectric film 10 extends in a direction parallel to the surfaces of the electrodes 11a and 11b. Thereby, the actuator 1 outputs the driving force in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction in the drawing.
- the flow of electrons is blocked by an insulating network formed by HX-NBR and barium titanate particles.
- the crystallinity of the barium titanate particles is high.
- the dielectric constant and volume resistivity of the dielectric film 10 are large. Therefore, when a voltage is applied to the dielectric film 10, a large electrostatic attraction is generated. Therefore, according to the actuator 1, a large force and displacement can be obtained with a practical voltage.
- the dielectric breakdown resistance of the dielectric film 10 is high, a larger voltage and a larger displacement can be obtained by applying a larger voltage.
- FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the speaker of this embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows a VV cross-sectional view of FIG. As shown in FIGS.
- the speaker 4 includes a first outer frame 40a, a first inner frame 41a, a first dielectric film 42a, a first outer electrode 43a, a first inner electrode 44a, One diaphragm 45a, a second outer frame 40b, a second inner frame 41b, a second dielectric film 42b, a second outer electrode 43b, a second inner electrode 44b, a second diaphragm 45b, A bolt 460, eight nuts 461, and eight spacers 462 are provided.
- the first outer frame 40a and the first inner frame 41a are each made of resin and have a ring shape.
- the first dielectric film 42a has a circular thin film shape.
- the first dielectric film 42a is stretched between the first outer frame 40a and the first inner frame 41a. That is, the first dielectric film 42a is sandwiched and fixed by the front-side first outer frame 40a and the back-side first inner frame 41a in a state in which a predetermined tension is secured.
- the first dielectric film 42a has HX-NBR and barium titanate particles.
- the degree of crystallinity of the barium titanate particles is 95%, and the median diameter is 20 nm.
- a cross-linked structure is formed by HX-NBR and barium titanate particles.
- the first diaphragm 45a is made of resin and has a disk shape.
- the first diaphragm 45a has a smaller diameter than the first dielectric film 42a.
- the first diaphragm 45a is disposed approximately at the center of the surface of the first dielectric film 42a.
- the first outer electrode 43a has a ring shape.
- the first outer electrode 43a is attached to the surface of the first dielectric film 42a.
- the first inner electrode 44a also has a ring shape.
- the first inner electrode 44a is adhered to the back surface of the first dielectric film 42a.
- the first outer electrode 43a and the first inner electrode 44a face away from each other across the first dielectric film 42a.
- the first outer electrode 43a and the first inner electrode 44a are both formed from a conductive paint prepared by mixing and dispersing carbon black in an acrylic rubber polymer solution.
- the first outer electrode 43a includes a terminal 430a.
- the first inner electrode 44a includes a terminal 440a. A voltage is applied to the terminals 430a and 440a from the outside.
- the configuration of the second outer frame 40b, the second inner frame 41b, the second dielectric film 42b, the second outer electrode 43b, the second inner electrode 44b, and the second diaphragm 45b (hereinafter collectively referred to as “second member”).
- the first outer frame 40a, the first inner frame 41a, the first dielectric film 42a, the first outer electrode 43a, the first inner electrode 44a, the first diaphragm 45a (hereinafter referred to as “first member”). This is the same as the configuration, material, and shape.
- the arrangement of the second member is symmetrical with the arrangement of the first member in the front and back direction.
- the second dielectric film 42b has a circular thin film shape, and is stretched between the second outer frame 40b and the second inner frame 41b.
- the second dielectric film 42b has HX-NBR and barium titanate particles.
- the second diaphragm 45b is disposed substantially at the center of the surface of the second dielectric film 42b.
- the second outer electrode 43b is adhered to the surface of the second dielectric film 42b.
- the second inner electrode 44b is adhered to the back surface of the second dielectric film 42b.
- a voltage is applied from the outside to the terminal 430b of the second outer electrode 43b and the terminal 440b of the second inner electrode 44b.
- the first member and the second member are fixed by eight bolts 460 and eight nuts 461 via eight spacers 462.
- the set of “bolt 460 -nut 461 -spacer 462” is arranged in the circumferential direction of the speaker 4 at a predetermined interval.
- the bolt 460 penetrates from the surface of the first outer frame 40a to the surface of the second outer frame 40b.
- the nut 461 is screwed to the penetrating end of the bolt 460.
- the spacer 462 is made of resin and is mounted around the shaft portion of the bolt 460. The spacer 462 ensures a predetermined interval between the first inner frame 41a and the second inner frame 41b.
- the back surface of the central portion of the first dielectric film 42a (the back side of the portion where the first diaphragm 45a is disposed) and the back surface of the central portion of the second dielectric film 42b (the back side of the portion where the second diaphragm 45b is disposed). And are joined. Therefore, a biasing force is accumulated in the first dielectric film 42a in the direction indicated by the white arrow Y1a in FIG. Further, an urging force is accumulated in the second dielectric film 42b in the direction indicated by the white arrow Y1b in FIG.
- the first outer electrode 43a and the first inner electrode 44a, and the second outer electrode 43b and the second inner electrode 44b are in an initial state (offset state).
- a predetermined voltage (offset voltage) is applied.
- voltages having opposite phases are applied to the terminals 430a and 440a and the terminals 430b and 440b.
- the offset voltage + 1V is applied to the terminals 430a and 440a, the thickness of the portion of the first dielectric film 42a disposed between the first outer electrode 43a and the first inner electrode 44a is thin. Become.
- the portion extends in the radial direction.
- an antiphase voltage (offset voltage -1 V) is applied to the terminals 430b and 440b.
- membranes 42b becomes thick.
- the portion contracts in the radial direction.
- the second dielectric film 42b is elastically deformed by its own urging force in the direction indicated by the white arrow Y1b in FIG. 5 while pulling the first dielectric film 42a.
- the first dielectric film 42a pulls the second dielectric film 42b.
- it is elastically deformed by its own urging force in the direction indicated by the white arrow Y1a in FIG. In this way, the first diaphragm 45a and the second diaphragm 45b are vibrated to vibrate air and generate sound.
- the relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric film 42a and the second dielectric film 42b is large. For this reason, the electrostatic attractive force with respect to an applied voltage becomes large. Further, the volume resistivity of the first dielectric film 42a and the second dielectric film 42b is large. Therefore, a large amount of charges can be accumulated near the interface between the first dielectric film 42a and the first outer electrode 43a and the first inner electrode 44a. Similarly, a large amount of charges can be accumulated near the interface between the second dielectric film 42b and the second outer electrode 43b and the second inner electrode 44b.
- the displacement amount of the 1st dielectric film 42a and the 2nd dielectric film 42b becomes large, and can vibrate the 1st diaphragm 45a and the 2nd diaphragm 45b with a big amplitude. Therefore, the sound pressure of the speaker 4 increases.
- Example 1 carboxyl group-modified hydrogenated nitrile rubber (“Terban (registered trademark) XT8889” manufactured by LANXESS) was dissolved in acetylacetone to prepare a polymer solution having a solid concentration of 12% by mass. Next, to 100 parts by mass of the prepared polymer solution, a dispersion of barium titanate particles (JGC Catalysts & Chemicals Co., Ltd. “Coating Solution Special Product Titavari 20 nm”, median diameter of barium titanate particles 20 nm, crystallinity 95% ) 120 parts by mass were mixed to prepare a mixed solution.
- Talban registered trademark
- XT8889 manufactured by LANXESS
- the prepared mixed solution was applied onto a substrate and dried, and then heated at 150 ° C. for about 60 minutes to obtain a dielectric film.
- the film thickness of the dielectric film was about 20 ⁇ m, and the content of barium titanate particles was 120 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer (HX-NBR).
- the manufactured dielectric film was used as the dielectric film of Example 1.
- Example 1 A dielectric film made of HX-NBR was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dispersion of barium titanate particles was not blended. The manufactured dielectric film was used as the dielectric film of Comparative Example 1.
- Example 2 A dielectric film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a crosslinking agent was blended and the blending amount of the barium titanate particle dispersion was reduced. That is, 100 parts by mass of a polymer solution in which carboxyl group-modified hydrogenated nitrile rubber (same as above) was dissolved in acetylacetone was mixed with 53 parts by mass of a dispersion of barium titanate particles (same as above), and tetrakis (2- Ethylhexyloxy) titanium acetylacetone solution (concentration 20% by mass) was added in an amount of 5 parts by mass to prepare a mixed solution.
- a crosslinking agent was blended and the blending amount of the barium titanate particle dispersion was reduced. That is, 100 parts by mass of a polymer solution in which carboxyl group-modified hydrogenated nitrile rubber (same as above) was dissolved in acetylacetone was mixed with 53 parts by mass of a dispersion
- the prepared mixed solution was applied onto a substrate and dried, and then heated at 150 ° C. for about 60 minutes to obtain a dielectric film.
- the film thickness of the dielectric film was about 20 ⁇ m, and the content of barium titanate particles was 53 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer (HX-NBR).
- the manufactured dielectric film was used as the dielectric film of Example 2.
- Example 3 In place of the dispersion of barium titanate particles, the dielectric film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 53 parts by mass of barium titanate powder B produced by the following hydrothermal synthesis method using supercritical water was blended. Manufactured. The content of the barium titanate particles was 53 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer (HX-NBR). The manufactured dielectric film was used as the dielectric film of Example 3.
- Example 4 In the hydrothermal synthesis method using supercritical water in Example 3, barium titanate powder C was produced by setting the reaction time with water in the supercritical state to 2 seconds. The median diameter of the barium titanate powder C was 60 nm, and the crystallinity was 98%. A dielectric film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 53 parts by mass of barium titanate powder C was blended instead of the dispersion of barium titanate particles. The content of the barium titanate particles was 53 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer (HX-NBR). The manufactured dielectric film was used as the dielectric film of Example 4.
- Example 5 Furthermore, a dielectric film was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that 5 parts by mass of tetrakis (2-ethylhexyloxy) titanium acetylacetone solution (concentration 20% by mass) was added as a crosslinking agent. The manufactured dielectric film was used as the dielectric film of Example 5.
- Example 6 Furthermore, a dielectric film was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that 5 parts by mass of an acetylacetone solution of tetrakis (2-ethylhexyloxy) titanium (concentration 20% by mass) was added as a crosslinking agent. The manufactured dielectric film was used as the dielectric film of Example 6.
- the relative dielectric constant of the manufactured dielectric film was measured.
- the dielectric film is placed in a sample holder (Solartron Co., 12962A type), and a dielectric constant measurement interface (manufactured by the Company, 1296B type) and a frequency response analyzer (manufactured by the company, 1255B type) This was performed in combination (frequency 100 Hz).
- Examples 1, 3, and 4 in which no cross-linking agent was blended are compared with Comparative Example 1.
- the dielectric films of Examples 1, 3, and 4 compared to the dielectric film of Comparative Example 1, the relative dielectric constant and elastic modulus were increased, and the volume resistivity was increased by about two orders of magnitude.
- the cross-linking did not proceed, whereas the cross-linkability of the dielectric films of Examples 1, 3, and 4 was good.
- the elongation at break was also greatly improved. That is, in the dielectric films of Examples 1, 3, and 4, it can be seen that a crosslinked structure is formed by the barium titanate particles and the elastomer.
- Examples 2, 5, and 6 containing a crosslinking agent are compared with Comparative Example 2. Both had barium titanate particles, but in Examples 2 and 6, all of the volume resistivity, relative dielectric constant, elastic modulus, and elongation at break were larger than those of the dielectric film of Comparative Example 2. In the dielectric film of Example 5, compared with the dielectric film of Comparative Example 2, the volume resistivity, elastic modulus, and elongation at break excluding the relative dielectric constant were large. Incidentally, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric film of Example 5 was larger than the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric film of Comparative Example 1 that did not contain barium titanate particles.
- the particle diameter of the compounded barium titanate particles was small, the effect of increasing the relative dielectric constant was small. However, when the particle size is small, a dense insulating network is formed, and thus the effect of increasing the volume resistivity is increased. Therefore, the particle diameter of the barium titanate particles may be appropriately determined so that desired characteristics can be obtained.
- the barium titanate particles blended in the dielectric film of Comparative Example 2 are fired after synthesis. For this reason, although the degree of crystallinity is high, it is considered that there are few functional groups on the particle surface. The particle size is also large. Therefore, even if such titanium barium particles are blended, the effect of increasing the volume resistivity and the relative dielectric constant is small.
- the crosslinkability of the dielectric film of Comparative Example 2 was good. This is because a crosslinked structure was formed by the blended crosslinking agent.
- An actuator was manufactured using the manufactured dielectric film.
- a conductive paint was prepared by mixing and dispersing carbon black in an acrylic rubber polymer solution.
- the conductive coating was screen printed on both the front and back surfaces of the manufactured dielectric film to form electrodes.
- the actuator manufactured in this way is referred to as “actuator of Example 1” or the like corresponding to the type of dielectric film.
- a cation fixed dielectric layer was adhered to the surface of the dielectric film of Example 6 and an anion fixed dielectric layer was adhered to the back surface to produce a three-layered dielectric layer.
- An actuator was manufactured in the same manner as described above using the prepared dielectric layer having a three-layer structure.
- the manufactured actuator is referred to as the actuator of Example 7.
- the actuators of Examples 1 to 7 are included in the transducer of the present invention.
- the cation fixed dielectric layer and the anion fixed dielectric layer were produced as follows.
- a cation fixed dielectric layer was prepared as follows. First, 0.02 mol of acetylacetone was added to 0.01 mol of tetrai-propoxytitanium, an organometallic compound, for chelation. Next, 0.002 mol of a reactive ionic liquid represented by the following formula (2), 5 ml (0.083 mol) of isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 10 ml (0.139 mol) of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), and 0.04 mol of water was added to obtain sol containing TiO 2 particles (cation-fixed particles) having anions fixed and anions. The obtained sol was allowed to stand at 40 ° C. for 2 hours and subjected to an aging treatment.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- MEK methyl ethyl ketone
- the prepared mixed solution was applied onto a substrate and dried, and then heated at 150 ° C. for about 60 minutes to obtain a cation-fixed dielectric layer.
- the thickness of the cation fixed dielectric layer was about 10 ⁇ m, and the content of the cation fixed particles was 6.6 parts by mass.
- An anion-fixed dielectric layer having a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m was prepared in the same manner as the cation-fixed dielectric layer except that the type of the reactive ionic liquid was changed to that shown in the following formula (3).
- the sol obtained in the manufacturing process includes TiO 2 particles (anion-fixed particles) in which anions are fixed, and cations.
- FIG. 2 shows a front side view of the actuator attached to the measuring device.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG.
- the upper end of the actuator 5 is gripped by the upper chuck 52 in the measuring apparatus.
- the lower end of the actuator 5 is gripped by the lower chuck 53.
- the actuator 5 is attached between the upper chuck 52 and the lower chuck 53 in a state in which the actuator 5 is previously stretched in the vertical direction (stretching ratio 25%).
- a load cell (not shown) is disposed above the upper chuck 52.
- the actuator 5 includes a dielectric film 50 and a pair of electrodes 51a and 51b.
- the dielectric film 50 is in a natural state and has a rectangular thin film shape with a length of 50 mm, a width of 25 mm, and a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m.
- the dielectric film 50 has a three-layer structure of cation fixed dielectric layer / dielectric film / anion fixed dielectric layer (total thickness 40 ⁇ m).
- the electrodes 51a and 51b are arranged to face each other in the front and back direction with the dielectric film 50 interposed therebetween.
- the electrodes 51a and 51b are in a natural state and each have a rectangular thin film shape with a length of 40 mm, a width of 25 mm, and a thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- the electrodes 51a and 51b are arranged in a state shifted by 10 mm in the vertical direction. That is, the electrodes 51a and 51b overlap with each other through the dielectric film 50 in a range of 30 mm length and 25 mm width.
- a wiring (not shown) is connected to the lower end of the electrode 51a.
- a wiring (not shown) is connected to the upper end of the electrode 51b.
- the electrodes 51a and 51b are connected to a power source (not shown) through each wiring.
- the value obtained by dividing the voltage value at that time by the film thickness of the dielectric film 50 (the total thickness of the cation fixed dielectric layer / dielectric film / anion fixed dielectric layer in the actuator of Example 7) is the dielectric breakdown strength. It was. Table 1 summarizes the measurement results of the dielectric breakdown strength and the maximum generated stress in the actuators of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- Examples 1, 3, and 4 are first compared with Comparative Example 1.
- the dielectric breakdown strength and the maximum generated stress were significantly increased as compared with the actuator of Comparative Example 1.
- Examples 2, 5, and 6 are compared with Comparative Example 2.
- the dielectric breakdown strength and the maximum generated stress were significantly greater in the actuators of Examples 2, 5, and 6 than in the actuator of Comparative Example 2.
- the dielectric films constituting the actuators of Examples 1 and 2 are manufactured by a sol-gel method using a high concentration precursor and contain barium titanate particles having a crystallinity of 95%.
- the dielectric films constituting the actuators of Examples 3 to 6 are manufactured by a hydrothermal synthesis method using supercritical water, and include barium titanate particles having a crystallinity of 98%. These titanium barium particles have functional groups (—OH, —OR) capable of reacting with the functional groups (—COOH) of HX—NBR. Therefore, regardless of the presence or absence of the cross-linking agent, a cross-linked structure of the elastomer and barium titanate particles was formed, and the dielectric breakdown strength of the dielectric film was greatly improved.
- the surface of the barium titanate particles blended in the dielectric film of Comparative Example 2 is considered to have few functional groups capable of reacting with the functional group of HX-NBR. Therefore, although the crosslinking proceeded with the blended crosslinking agent, an insulating network due to the bond between the barium titanate particles and the elastomer was not formed, and the dielectric breakdown strength of the dielectric film was not improved.
- the dielectric breakdown strength of the actuator of Example 7 in which the cation fixed dielectric layer and the anion fixed dielectric layer were laminated with the dielectric film of Example 6 interposed therebetween was 100 V / ⁇ m, and the maximum generated stress was 2.01 MPa. In this way, if the ion-fixed dielectric layer is interposed between the electrode and the dielectric film, it is confirmed that the dielectric breakdown resistance of the dielectric film can be fully exerted and the dielectric breakdown resistance of the actuator is improved. It was done. Further, it was confirmed that the generated stress was also increased.
- the transducer using the dielectric film of the present invention can be widely used as an actuator, a sensor, etc. for converting mechanical energy and electric energy, or a speaker, a microphone, a noise canceller, etc. for converting acoustic energy and electric energy. .
- it is suitable as a flexible actuator used for artificial muscles used for industrial, medical, welfare robots, assist suits, etc., small pumps for cooling electronic parts and medical use, and medical instruments.
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Abstract
Description
結晶化度(%)=Sc/(Sc+Sa)×100・・・(1)
[Sc:結晶ピークの積分強度、Sa:非晶質ハローの積分強度]
このように、結晶性が高いチタン酸バリウム粒子を用い、当該チタン酸バリウム粒子とエラストマーとの架橋構造を形成して、チタン酸バリウム粒子をエラストマー中に均一に分散させることにより、誘電膜の比誘電率および体積抵抗率を、大幅に向上させることができる。本発明の誘電膜によると、比誘電率が大きいため、印加電圧に対する静電引力が大きくなる。加えて、体積抵抗率が大きいため、漏れ電流が小さくなり、誘電膜と電極との界面付近に多くの電荷を溜めることができる。したがって、本発明の誘電膜を備えるトランスデューサによると、実用的な電圧により、大きな力および変位量を得ることができる。また、本発明の誘電膜は、高い耐絶縁破壊性を有する。このため、より大きな電圧を印加して、より大きな力および変位量を得ることができる。
4:スピーカ(トランスデューサ)、40a:第一アウタフレーム、40b:第二アウタフレーム、41a:第一インナフレーム、41b:第二インナフレーム、42a:第一誘電膜、42b:第二誘電膜、43a:第一アウタ電極、43b:第二アウタ電極、44a:第一インナ電極、44b:第二インナ電極、45a:第一振動板、45b:第二振動板、430a、430b、440a、440b:端子、460:ボルト、461:ナット、462:スペーサ。
5:アクチュエータ、50:誘電膜、51a、51b:電極、52:上側チャック、53:下側チャック。
本発明の誘電膜は、エラストマーと、結晶化度が80%以上のチタン酸バリウム粒子と、を含む。
エラストマーは、チタン酸バリウム粒子の官能基と反応可能な官能基を有するものであれば、特に限定されない。後述するように、チタン酸バリウム粒子の官能基は、アルコキシ基(-OR)およびヒドロキシ基(-OH)の少なくとも一方を含む。したがって、これらの官能基と反応可能な官能基、具体的には、ヒドロキシ基(-OH)、アミノ基(-NH2、-NHR1、-NR1R2)、カルボキシ基(-COOH)、チオール基(-SH)、およびハロゲン化アルキル基(-RX)から選ばれる一種以上を有するものが望ましい(R、R1、R2はアルキル基、Xはハロゲン原子を示す)。
チタン酸バリウム粒子としては、結晶化度が80%以上のものを用いる。また、後述する製造方法により製造されるチタン酸バリウム粒子は、その表面に、エラストマーの官能基と反応可能な官能基として、アルコキシ基(-OR)およびヒドロキシ基(-OH)の少なくとも一方を有する。チタン酸バリウム粒子の官能基とエラストマーの官能基とが反応することにより、架橋構造が形成される。つまり、チタン酸バリウム粒子が、架橋剤としての役割を果たす。
本発明の誘電膜は、上記エラストマーおよびチタン酸バリウム粒子に加えて、他の成分を含んでいてもよい。他の成分としては、架橋剤、補強剤、可塑剤、老化防止剤、着色剤等が挙げられる。本発明の誘電膜においては、架橋剤を配合しなくても、チタン酸バリウム粒子の官能基とエラストマーの官能基との反応により、架橋構造が形成される。しかし、架橋剤を添加することにより、さらに架橋反応を促進することができる。
本発明の誘電膜の製造方法は、特に限定されるものではない。例えば、エラストマーの架橋前ポリマー、チタン酸バリウム粉末、および必要に応じて添加剤を、ロールや混練機により混練りして、所定の条件下で薄膜状に成形すればよい。あるいは、エラストマーの架橋前ポリマー、チタン酸バリウム粉末、および必要に応じて添加剤を含む溶液を、基材上に塗布して、所定の条件下で硬化させればよい。また、チタン酸バリウム粉末ではなく、高濃度の前駆体を用いた上記ゾルゲル法により製造されたゲルを溶媒に分散した、チタン酸バリウム粒子の分散液を用いてもよい。
本発明のトランスデューサは、本発明の誘電膜と、該誘電膜を介して配置される複数の電極と、を備える。本発明の誘電膜の構成、および製造方法については、上述した通りである。よって、ここでは説明を割愛する。なお、本発明のトランスデューサにおいても、本発明の誘電膜における好適な態様を採用することが望ましい。
本発明のトランスデューサの第一実施形態として、アクチュエータの実施形態を説明する。図1に、本実施形態のアクチュエータの断面模式図を示す。(a)は電圧オフ状態、(b)は電圧オン状態を各々示す。
本発明のトランスデューサの第二実施形態として、スピーカの実施形態を説明する。まず、本実施形態のスピーカの構成について説明する。図4に、本実施形態のスピーカの斜視図を示す。図5に、図4のV-V断面図を示す。図4、図5に示すように、スピーカ4は、第一アウタフレーム40aと、第一インナフレーム41aと、第一誘電膜42aと、第一アウタ電極43aと、第一インナ電極44aと、第一振動板45aと、第二アウタフレーム40bと、第二インナフレーム41bと、第二誘電膜42bと、第二アウタ電極43bと、第二インナ電極44bと、第二振動板45bと、八つのボルト460と、八つのナット461と、八つのスペーサ462と、を備えている。
[実施例1]
まず、カルボキシル基変性水素化ニトリルゴム(ランクセス社製「テルバン(登録商標)XT8889」)を、アセチルアセトンに溶解して、固形分濃度が12質量%のポリマー溶液を調製した。次に、調製したポリマー溶液100質量部に、チタン酸バリウム粒子の分散液(日揮触媒化成(株)製「塗布液特殊品チタバリ20nm」、チタン酸バリウム粒子のメジアン径20nm、結晶化度95%)120質量部を混合して、混合液を調製した。そして、調製した混合液を基材上に塗布し、乾燥させた後、150℃で約60分間加熱して、誘電膜を得た。誘電膜の膜厚は約20μm、チタン酸バリウム粒子の含有量は、エラストマー(HX-NBR)100質量部に対して120質量部であった。製造した誘電膜を、実施例1の誘電膜とした。
チタン酸バリウム粒子の分散液を配合しない点以外は、実施例1と同様にして、HX-NBRからなる誘電膜を製造した。製造した誘電膜を、比較例1の誘電膜とした。
架橋剤を配合し、チタン酸バリウム粒子の分散液の配合量を減らした点以外は、実施例1と同様にして、誘電膜を製造した。すなわち、カルボキシル基変性水素化ニトリルゴム(同上)をアセチルアセトンに溶解したポリマー溶液100質量部に、チタン酸バリウム粒子の分散液(同上)53質量部を混合し、さらに架橋剤として、テトラキス(2-エチルヘキシルオキシ)チタンのアセチルアセトン溶液(濃度20質量%)を5質量部添加して、混合液を調製した。そして、調製した混合液を基材上に塗布し、乾燥させた後、150℃で約60分間加熱して、誘電膜を得た。誘電膜の膜厚は約20μm、チタン酸バリウム粒子の含有量は、エラストマー(HX-NBR)100質量部に対して53質量部であった。製造した誘電膜を、実施例2の誘電膜とした。
チタン酸バリウム粒子の分散液に代えて、通常の水熱合成法で製造されたチタン酸バリウム粉末A(共立マテリアル(株)製「BT-150」、結晶化度95%、平均粒子径150nm)を配合した点以外は、実施例2と同様にして、誘電膜を製造した。チタン酸バリウム粒子の含有量は、エラストマー(HX-NBR)100質量部に対して53質量部であった。製造した誘電膜を、比較例2の誘電膜とした。
チタン酸バリウム粒子の分散液に代えて、以下の超臨界水による水熱合成法により製造したチタン酸バリウム粉末Bを53質量部配合した点以外は、実施例1と同様にして、誘電膜を製造した。チタン酸バリウム粒子の含有量は、エラストマー(HX-NBR)100質量部に対して53質量部であった。製造した誘電膜を、実施例3の誘電膜とした。
実施例3の超臨界水による水熱合成法において、超臨界状態の水との反応時間を2秒間にして、チタン酸バリウム粉末Cを製造した。チタン酸バリウム粉末Cのメジアン径は、60nm、結晶化度は98%であった。そして、チタン酸バリウム粒子の分散液に代えて、チタン酸バリウム粉末Cを53質量部配合した点以外は、実施例1と同様にして、誘電膜を製造した。チタン酸バリウム粒子の含有量は、エラストマー(HX-NBR)100質量部に対して53質量部であった。製造した誘電膜を、実施例4の誘電膜とした。
さらに、架橋剤として、テトラキス(2-エチルヘキシルオキシ)チタンのアセチルアセトン溶液(濃度20質量%)を5質量部添加した点以外は、実施例3と同様にして、誘電膜を製造した。製造した誘電膜を、実施例5の誘電膜とした。
さらに、架橋剤として、テトラキス(2-エチルヘキシルオキシ)チタンのアセチルアセトン溶液(濃度20質量%)を5質量部添加した点以外は、実施例4と同様にして、誘電膜を製造した。製造した誘電膜を、実施例6の誘電膜とした。
[体積抵抗率]
製造した誘電膜の体積抵抗率を、JIS K6271(2008)に準じて測定した。測定は、直流電圧100Vを印加して行った。
製造した誘電膜の比誘電率を測定した。比誘電率の測定は、誘電膜を、サンプルホルダー(ソーラトロン社製、12962A型)に設置して、誘電率測定インターフェイス(同社製、1296型)、および周波数応答アナライザー(同社製、1255B型)を併用して行った(周波数100Hz)。
製造した誘電膜の静的せん断弾性率を、JIS K 6254(2003)に準じて測定した。低変形引張試験における伸び率は25%とした。
製造した誘電膜の切断時伸びを、JIS K 6251(2010)に準じて測定した。試験片の形状は、ダンベル状5号形とした。
まず、製造した誘電膜から、評価用の試験片を切り出し、当該試験片の質量を測定した。次に、試験片を、メチルエチルケトン(MEK)に、室温下で4時間浸漬した。その後、試験片を取り出して乾燥し、質量を測定した。そして、試験片の浸漬前の質量に対する浸漬後の質量割合(MEK不溶分)を算出し、60%以上であれば架橋性良好(下記表1において○印で示す)、60%未満であれば架橋性不良(同表において×印で示す)と、評価した。
製造した誘電膜を用いて、アクチュエータを製造した。まず、アクリルゴムポリマー溶液にカーボンブラックを混合、分散させて導電塗料を調製した。次に、導電塗料を、製造した誘電膜の表裏両面にスクリーン印刷して、電極を形成した。このようにして製造されたアクチュエータを、誘電膜の種類に対応させて、「実施例1のアクチュエータ」等と称す。また、実施例6の誘電膜の表面に陽イオン固定誘電層を、裏面に陰イオン固定誘電層を、各々貼着して、三層構造の誘電層を作製した。作製した三層構造の誘電層を用いて、上記同様にアクチュエータを製造した。製造されたアクチュエータを、実施例7のアクチュエータと称す。実施例1~7のアクチュエータは、本発明のトランスデューサに含まれる。陽イオン固定誘電層および陰イオン固定誘電層は、次のようにして作製した。
次のようにして、陽イオン固定誘電層を作製した。まず、有機金属化合物のテトラi-プロポキシチタン0.01molに、アセチルアセトン0.02molを加えてキレート化した。次に、得られたキレート化物に、次式(2)に示す反応性イオン性液体0.002mol、イソプロピルアルコール(IPA)5ml(0.083mol)、メチルエチルケトン(MEK)10ml(0.139mol)、および水0.04molを添加して、陽イオンが固定されたTiO2粒子(陽イオン固定粒子)、および陰イオンを含むゾルを得た。そして、得られたゾルを、40℃下で2時間静置して、エージング処理した。
反応性イオン性液体の種類を次式(3)に示したものに変更した以外は、上記陽イオン固定誘電層と同様にして、厚さ約10μmの陰イオン固定誘電層を作製した。作製過程で得られたゾルは、陰イオンが固定されたTiO2粒子(陰イオン固定粒子)、および陽イオンを含む。
製造したアクチュエータについて、絶縁破壊強度および最大発生応力を測定した。まず、測定装置および測定方法について説明する。図2に、測定装置に取り付けられたアクチュエータの表側正面図を示す。図3に、図2のIII-III断面図を示す。
Claims (7)
- トランスデューサに用いられる誘電膜であって、
エラストマーと、結晶化度が80%以上のチタン酸バリウム粒子と、を含み、
該エラストマーおよび該チタン酸バリウム粒子は、互いに反応可能な官能基を有し、該官能基同士の反応により、該エラストマーおよび該チタン酸バリウム粒子による架橋構造が形成されていることを特徴とする誘電膜。 - 前記チタン酸バリウム粒子の粒子径は、8nm以上120nm以下である請求項1に記載の誘電膜。
- 前記チタン酸バリウム粒子の前記官能基は、アルコキシ基およびヒドロキシ基の少なくとも一方を含む請求項1または請求項2に記載の誘電膜。
- 前記チタン酸バリウム粒子は、バリウムおよびチタンを含むアルコキシドの濃度が0.5mol/l以上の前駆体溶液に、極性有機溶媒の濃度が15mol%以上の水と極性有機溶媒との混合溶液を、該混合溶液中の該水のモル比が該前駆体溶液中の該チタンのモル比の4倍以上になるように滴下して、該アルコキシドを加水分解した後、10℃以上の温度下で保持することにより製造される請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の誘電膜。
- 前記エラストマーの前記官能基は、ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、カルボキシ基、チオール基、およびハロゲン化アルキル基から選ばれる一種以上である請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれかに記載の誘電膜。
- 前記エラストマーは、ニトリルゴム、水素化ニトリルゴム、アクリルゴム、天然ゴム、イソプレンゴム、エチレン-プロピレン-ジエン共重合体、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン-酢酸ビニル-アクリル酸エステル共重合体、ブチルゴム、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム、フッ素ゴム、シリコーンゴム、エピクロルヒドリンゴム、クロロプレンゴム、塩素化ポリエチレン、クロロスルホン化ポリエチレン、およびウレタンゴムから選ばれる一種以上である請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれかに記載の誘電膜。
- 請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれかに記載の誘電膜と、
該誘電膜を介して配置される複数の電極と、
を備えることを特徴とするトランスデューサ。
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CN201280026531.7A CN103563012A (zh) | 2011-10-17 | 2012-10-16 | 介电膜和使用了其的转换器 |
US14/016,793 US20140004364A1 (en) | 2011-10-17 | 2013-09-03 | Dielectric film and transducer including the same |
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WO2015054650A1 (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-16 | Turtle Beach Corporation | Improved parametric transducer with graphene conductive surface |
WO2015147167A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-10-01 | 住友理工株式会社 | 誘電膜およびそれを用いたトランスデューサ |
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JP2017028323A (ja) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-02-02 | 住友理工株式会社 | 圧電センサ |
CN107383892A (zh) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-24 | 铜陵市铜都特种线缆有限公司 | 一种防鼠咬电缆护套材料 |
WO2018003839A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-04 | 京セラ株式会社 | 絶縁材料および配線部材 |
JP2018158977A (ja) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-10-11 | 堺化学工業株式会社 | 複合体粒子、樹脂組成物、誘電エラストマー及びトランスデューサー |
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KR20140007955A (ko) | 2014-01-20 |
US20140004364A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
JPWO2013058237A1 (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
EP2770510A4 (en) | 2015-09-16 |
CN103563012A (zh) | 2014-02-05 |
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