WO2012169063A1 - 電池制御装置、電池システム - Google Patents
電池制御装置、電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012169063A1 WO2012169063A1 PCT/JP2011/063358 JP2011063358W WO2012169063A1 WO 2012169063 A1 WO2012169063 A1 WO 2012169063A1 JP 2011063358 W JP2011063358 W JP 2011063358W WO 2012169063 A1 WO2012169063 A1 WO 2012169063A1
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- unit cell
- unit
- current
- internal resistance
- assembled battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
- H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/549—Current
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for controlling a battery.
- a vehicle that runs on electricity is equipped with a storage battery such as a lead battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or a lithium ion battery. Electric power required when a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle travels is covered by these storage batteries.
- a storage battery such as a lead battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or a lithium ion battery. Electric power required when a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle travels is covered by these storage batteries.
- the storage battery mounted on the vehicle is used in a wide temperature range, and the storage battery has the maximum allowable power according to the temperature. If the storage battery is charged and discharged beyond this maximum allowable power, there is a possibility of overcharging or overdischarging.
- the maximum allowable power of a low-temperature storage battery is small, and the maximum allowable power of a high-temperature storage battery is large. Further, although the maximum allowable power is large at a high temperature, the use of the storage battery at a high temperature promotes the deterioration of the storage battery. On the other hand, the higher the state of charge (SOC) of the storage battery, the smaller the maximum allowable charging power and the larger the maximum allowable discharging power. Further, the lower the SOC of the storage battery, the smaller the maximum allowable discharge power and the larger the maximum allowable charge power. In order to use the storage battery safely, it is necessary to perform charge / discharge control within a range not exceeding the maximum allowable power.
- SOC state of charge
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for calculating allowable charge / discharge power suitable for each single cell and optimally performing charge / discharge control even when temperature variation occurs between the single cells constituting the assembled battery. Are listed.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a battery control device that can accurately determine the allowable charge / discharge power following the change in the internal resistance of the storage battery.
- the battery control device includes an internal resistance table in which the internal resistance value according to the temperature and charge state of the unit cell is described for each value of the unit cell charge or discharge duration.
- the battery control device calculates the maximum allowable charging current or the maximum allowable discharging current of the single cell using the internal resistance value described in the internal resistance table, and calculates the maximum allowable charging power or the maximum allowable discharging power calculated according to the value. By using it, the charging or discharging of the unit cell is controlled.
- the battery control device of the present invention even if the internal resistance of the cell changes as charging / discharging continues, the internal resistance value is changed by switching the internal resistance value acquired from the internal resistance table according to the change. Can follow. Thereby, the allowable charge / discharge power can be obtained with high accuracy.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the battery system 100 which concerns on Embodiment 1, and its periphery. It is a figure which shows the circuit structure of the cell control part 121.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the SOC table 181 which the memory
- the assembled batteries are configured by connecting the cells in series.
- the assembled batteries may be configured by connecting the cells connected in parallel, or by connecting the cells connected in series.
- a battery pack may be configured by connecting batteries in parallel.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a battery system 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention and its surroundings.
- Battery system 100 is connected to inverter 400 via relays 300 and 310, and connected to charger 420 via relays 320 and 330.
- the battery system 100 includes an assembled battery 110, a single battery management unit 120, a current detection unit 130, a voltage detection unit 140, an assembled battery control unit 150, and a storage unit 180.
- the assembled battery 110 is composed of a plurality of unit cells 111.
- the unit cell management unit 120 monitors the state of the unit cell 111.
- the current detection unit 130 detects a current flowing through the battery system 100.
- the voltage detection unit 140 detects the total voltage of the assembled battery 110.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 controls the assembled battery 110.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 includes the battery voltage and temperature of the unit cell 111 transmitted by the unit cell management unit 120, the current value flowing through the battery system 100 transmitted by the current detection unit 130, and the voltage of the assembled battery 110 transmitted by the voltage detection unit 140. Receives the total voltage value. The assembled battery control unit 150 detects the state of the assembled battery 110 based on the received information. The result of the state detection by the assembled battery control unit 150 is transmitted to the single cell management unit 120 and the vehicle control unit 200.
- the assembled battery 110 is configured by electrically connecting a plurality of unit cells 111 capable of storing and releasing electrical energy (charging and discharging DC power) in series.
- the unit cells 111 constituting the assembled battery 110 are grouped into a predetermined number of units when performing state management / control.
- the grouped unit cells 111 are electrically connected in series to form unit cell groups 112a and 112b.
- the number of the single cells 111 constituting the single cell group 112 may be the same in all the single cell groups 112, or the number of the single cells 111 may be different for each single cell group 112.
- the single cell management unit 120 monitors the state of the single cells 111 constituting the assembled battery 110.
- the unit cell management unit 120 includes a unit cell control unit 121 provided for each unit cell group 112.
- cell control units 121 a and 121 b are provided corresponding to the cell groups 112 a and 112 b.
- the unit cell control unit 121 monitors and controls the state of the unit cells 111 constituting the unit cell group 112.
- unit cells 111 are electrically connected in series to form unit cell groups 112a and 112b, and the unit cell groups 112a and 112b are further electrically connected in series.
- An assembled battery 110 including a total of eight unit cells 111 was connected.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 and the single cell management unit 120 transmit and receive signals via an insulating element 170 typified by a photocoupler and a signal communication unit 160.
- a communication means between the assembled battery control unit 150 and the unit cell control units 121a and 121b constituting the unit cell management unit 120 will be described.
- the cell control units 121a and 121b are connected in series according to the descending order of potentials of the cell groups 112a and 112b monitored by each.
- a signal transmitted from the assembled battery control unit 150 to the unit cell management unit 120 is input to the unit cell control unit 121 a via the insulating element 170 and the signal communication unit 160.
- the output of the unit cell control unit 121a is input to the unit cell control unit 121b via the signal communication unit 160, and the output of the lowest unit cell control unit 121b is supplied to the assembled battery control unit via the insulating element 170 and the signal communication unit 160.
- the insulating element 170 is not interposed between the unit cell control unit 121a and the unit cell control unit 121b, but signals can be transmitted and received through the insulating element 170.
- the storage unit 180 includes the assembled battery 110, the single battery 111, and the single battery group 112, the internal resistance characteristics, the capacity at full charge, the polarization voltage, the deterioration characteristics, the individual difference information, the SOC and the open circuit voltage (OCV: Open Circuit Voltage). Stores information such as correspondence relationships. Furthermore, characteristic information such as the single cell management unit 120, the single cell control unit 121, and the assembled battery control unit 150 can be stored in advance. Information stored in the storage unit 180 will be described later with reference to FIGS.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 uses the unit cell management unit 120, the current detection unit 130, the voltage detection unit 140, the information received from the vehicle control unit 200, one or more SOC tables 181 and an internal resistance table 182 described later.
- SOH State of Health
- the calculation for controlling the is executed. And based on a calculation result, information is output to the cell management part 120 and the vehicle control part 200.
- the vehicle control unit 200 controls the inverter 400 connected to the battery system 100 via the relays 300 and 310 using the information transmitted by the assembled battery control unit 150. Moreover, the battery charger 420 connected to the battery system 100 via the relays 320 and 330 is controlled. During traveling of the vehicle, the battery system 100 is connected to the inverter 400 and drives the motor generator 410 using the energy stored in the assembled battery 110. When charging, the battery system 100 is connected to a charger 420 and is charged by supplying power from a household power supply or a desk lamp.
- the charger 420 is used when charging the assembled battery 110 using an external power source typified by a home or a desk lamp.
- the charger 420 is configured to control a charging voltage, a charging current, and the like based on a command from the vehicle control unit 200, but the control may be performed based on a command from the assembled battery control unit 150.
- the charger 420 may be installed inside the vehicle according to the configuration of the vehicle, the performance of the charger 420, the purpose of use, the installation conditions of the external power source, and the like, or may be installed outside the vehicle.
- the battery system 100 When the vehicle system on which the battery system 100 is mounted starts and runs, the battery system 100 is connected to the inverter 400 under the control of the vehicle control unit 200, and the motor uses the energy stored in the assembled battery 110. Generator 410 is driven, and assembled battery 110 is charged by the power generated by motor generator 410 during regeneration.
- a vehicle including the battery system 100 is connected to an external power source represented by a household or desk lamp, the battery system 100 and the charger 420 are connected based on information transmitted by the vehicle control unit 200, and the set The battery 110 is charged until a predetermined condition is met.
- the energy stored in the assembled battery 110 by charging is used when the vehicle is driven next time, or is used to operate electrical components inside and outside the vehicle. Further, if necessary, it may be discharged to an external power source represented by a household power source.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of the unit cell control unit 121.
- the cell control unit 121 includes a voltage detection circuit 122, a control circuit 123, a signal input / output circuit 124, and a temperature detection unit 125.
- the voltage detection circuit 122 measures the voltage between the terminals of each unit cell 111.
- the control circuit 123 receives measurement results from the voltage detection circuit 122 and the temperature detection unit 125, and transmits the measurement results to the assembled battery control unit 150 via the signal input / output circuit 124.
- it is determined that the circuit configuration that is generally implemented in the unit cell control unit 121 and that equalizes the voltage and SOC variation between the unit cells 111 generated due to self-discharge and variation in consumption current is known. The description is omitted.
- the temperature detection unit 125 included in the unit cell control unit 121 in FIG. 2 has a function of measuring the temperature of the unit cell group 112.
- the temperature detection unit 125 measures one temperature as the entire cell group 112 and treats the temperature as a temperature representative value of the cell 111 constituting the cell group 112.
- the temperature measured by the temperature detection unit 125 is used for various calculations for detecting the state of the cell 111, the cell group 112, or the assembled battery 110. Since FIG. 2 is based on this assumption, the single battery control unit 121 is provided with one temperature detection unit 125.
- a temperature detection unit 125 may be provided for each single cell 111 to measure the temperature for each single cell 111, and various calculations may be performed based on the temperature for each single cell 111. In this case, the number of temperature detection units 125 Therefore, the configuration of the unit cell control unit 121 becomes complicated.
- the temperature detection unit 125 is simply shown.
- a temperature sensor is installed on the temperature measurement target, and the installed temperature sensor outputs temperature information as a voltage, and the measurement result is transmitted to the signal input / output circuit 124 via the control circuit 123. Outputs the measurement result outside the unit cell control unit 121.
- a function for realizing this series of flows is implemented as a temperature detection unit 125 in the single cell control unit 121, and the voltage detection circuit 122 can be used for measuring temperature information (voltage).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the SOC table 181 stored in the storage unit 180.
- the SOC table 181 is a data table describing a correspondence relationship between the OCV of the single battery 111 and the SOC of the single battery 111.
- the data format may be arbitrary, but here, for convenience of explanation, an example of data is shown in a graph format. In this embodiment, a data table is used.
- the correspondence relationship between the OCV and the SOC can be expressed by using mathematical formulas. It is characteristic information indicating the correspondence between OCV and SOC, and any means can be used as long as it can convert from OCV to SOC or from SOC to OCV.
- OCV is a voltage when the unit cell 111 is not loaded. Before the relays 300, 310, 320, 330 are closed, or when the relays 300, 310, 320, 330 are closed but charging / discharging of the assembled battery 110 is not started, etc. It can be determined that the voltage between the terminals is OCV. Furthermore, when the assembled battery 110 is charged or discharged, but the current value is weak, it can be regarded as OCV.
- the battery voltage at this time is a closed circuit voltage (CCV: Closed Circuit Voltage).
- CCV Closed Circuit Voltage
- the assembled battery control unit 150 needs to calculate the OCV by the following equation 1 using the resistance R and information on the polarization voltage Vp. By inputting the obtained OCV into the table of FIG. 3, the SOC at each time point is obtained.
- Equation 1 The calculation of Equation 1 below can be executed by the battery pack controller 150 regardless of whether or not the unit cell 111 is charged / discharged.
- the SOC is calculated for each single cell 111 by using the OCV of each single cell 111 constituting the assembled battery 110.
- SOC initial SOC + 100 ⁇ ⁇ Idt / full charge capacity
- the assembled battery control unit 150 can obtain the SOC of the unit cell 111 by using the OCV and the SOC table 181 of the unit cell 111 detected by the unit cell control unit 121. Further, the OCV of the assembled battery 110 can be obtained by summing up the OCVs of the single cells 111. When the SOC characteristics are different for each unit cell 111, an SOC table 181 may be provided for each unit cell 111.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of the internal resistance table 182 stored in the storage unit 180.
- the internal resistance table 182 is a data table in which the internal resistance value according to the temperature and SOC of the unit cell 111 is described according to the charging duration.
- the data format of the internal resistance table 182 may be arbitrary, but here, for convenience of explanation, the horizontal axis represents the temperature of the cell 111 and the vertical axis represents the SOC of the cell 111.
- An example in which a plurality of maps are provided along the charging duration time axis is shown. In this embodiment, the data table is used. However, like the SOC table 181 of FIG.
- the correspondence relationship between the temperature, the SOC, the charging duration and the internal resistance can be expressed by means different from the data table such as a mathematical formula. Any characteristic information may be used as long as it is characteristic information of the internal resistance according to the temperature, the SOC, and the charging duration.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 refers to the internal resistance table 182 by using the SOC acquired by the above-described method and the representative temperature of the single cell group 112 acquired by the single cell control unit 121, so that the inside of the single cell 111 Get resistance value. Furthermore, the internal resistance value for every charging continuation time can be acquired by designating the charging continuation time of the cell 111.
- the time interval at which the two-dimensional map for each charging duration of the internal resistance table 182 is provided may be appropriately determined according to the specifications of the battery system 100 and the like.
- the two-dimensional map illustrated in FIG. 4 can be provided for each charging duration of 1 second.
- the configuration of the battery system 100 has been described above. Next, the basic concept and operation procedure of the battery system 100 will be described.
- the internal resistance value of the unit cell 111 changes according to the temperature and SOC of the unit cell 111.
- the temperature of the unit cell 111 can be obtained from the unit cell control unit 121, and the SOC of the unit cell 111 can be obtained using the method described above.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 acquires the internal resistance value of the single battery 111 using these, and determines an appropriate allowable charging current.
- the internal resistance value of the unit cell 111 also changes depending on the charging duration. Therefore, in the first embodiment, the internal resistance table 182 is provided for each charging duration so that a more accurate internal resistance value of the unit cell 111 can be obtained. Thereby, the allowable charging current can be obtained more accurately.
- the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature in the assembled battery 110 are obtained using two or more temperature measurement results measured by the two or more cell control units 121, and the allowable current corresponding to the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature in the assembled battery 110 is obtained.
- the lower allowable current is adopted as the final allowable current value.
- FIG. 5 is a control block showing a method for obtaining the allowable charging current of each unit cell 111 of the assembled battery control unit 150 provided in the battery system 100.
- the allowable charging current can be obtained by the following equation 2.
- the OCV of the following formula 2 the calculation result of the formula 1 can also be used.
- the SOC is obtained by integrating the current flowing into and out of the unit cell 111
- the SOC calculation result is represented by the OCV in the SOC table 181 of FIG.
- the result converted into can also be used.
- the allowable charging current is obtained for each of the time when the temperature of the unit cell 111 is the highest and the time when the temperature is the lowest, and the smaller one is finally adopted.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a method for obtaining the allowable charging current of the assembled battery 110 of the assembled battery control unit 150 included in the battery system 100 using a control block.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 calculates the allowable charging current for each single cell 111 by inputting the SOC for each single cell 111 in addition to the method described in FIG. 5, and then determines the smallest allowable charging current as the final allowable charging current. Adopt as. Since the currents that flow through all the unit cells 111 connected in series are the same, by adopting the smallest allowable charging current among the unit cells 111, the charging control in which the voltages of all the unit cells 111 do not exceed Vmax is achieved. Can be realized.
- an assembled battery charging voltage at the time of charging is calculated, and the allowable charging current of the assembled battery 110 is calculated by multiplying the allowable charging current and the assembled battery charging voltage. Can be calculated.
- the assembled battery charging voltage is the total voltage of the assembled battery 110 expected when the finally determined allowable charging current is applied.
- the assembled battery charging voltage may be a result of summing up the voltages of the individual cells 111 when charging is performed with an allowable charging current obtained by inputting an SOC, a temperature, or the like for each of the single cells 111 constituting the assembled battery 110.
- the average voltage of the single cells 111 when charged with an allowable charging current obtained by inputting the average SOC, average temperature, etc. of the single cells 111 constituting the assembled battery 110 may be multiplied by the number of series.
- Either the above-described method of calculating the voltage for each unit cell 111 and calculating the total value of the voltages or the method of determining the average voltage of the unit cells 111 and multiplying by the series number may be employed.
- a method of obtaining the average voltage of the single cells 111 and multiplying by the number of series is adopted. The method will be described using Equation 3 below.
- the average OCV in Equation 3 below is obtained by converting the average value of the calculation result of Equation 1 for each unit cell 111 or the average value of the SOC of current integration obtained for each unit cell 111 into the average OCV by the SOC table 181 of FIG. The results are used.
- the average internal resistance value in the following formula 3 is the average value of the SOC for each unit cell 111 or the current integral SOC for each unit cell 111 obtained by using the formula 1 and FIG. Are obtained by inputting them into the internal resistance table 182 of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a processing image when calculating the allowable charging current and the allowable charging power from the input parameters described above.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 executes a series of calculations up to the allowable charging power described above, transmits the calculation result to the vehicle control unit 200, and charges the assembled battery 110 within the range of the allowable charging power received by the vehicle control unit 200.
- a command is transmitted to the inverter 400 or the like. By doing in this way, the assembled battery 110 can be charged in the range in which the single cells 111 which comprise the assembled battery 110 do not exceed Vmax.
- Step 1 Obtain the OCV of the cell 111
- the assembled battery control unit 150 obtains the OCV of the unit cell 111 using Equation 1 using the measurement result of the unit cell management unit 120 and the like. However, in the case of no load, the voltage measured by the unit cell management unit 120 can be directly handled as the OCV.
- Step 2 Acquire the SOC of the unit cell 111
- the assembled battery control unit 150 acquires the SOC of the single cell 111 using the OCV and the SOC table 181 of the single cell 111 acquired in step 1.
- the SOC is obtained by integrating the current value measured by the current detection unit 130.
- the average OCV is calculated from the OCV of the unit cell 111 described in step 1 or the average SOC which is the average value of the SOC obtained here is calculated by using the SOC table 181 of FIG. It is good to convert it to.
- Step 3 Obtain the temperature of the cell 111
- the assembled battery control unit 150 acquires the temperatures of two or more unit cell groups 112 using the unit cell control unit 121 provided for each unit cell group 112.
- the temperature detection unit 125 is provided for each unit cell 111
- the temperature is acquired for each unit cell 111. From the two or more acquired temperatures, a maximum temperature and a minimum temperature are calculated for calculating the allowable current, and an average temperature is calculated for calculating the allowable power.
- Step 4 Get charging duration
- the assembled battery control unit 150 acquires a duration time during which the unit cell 111 is charged. For example, counting is started when charging of the unit cell 111 is started, and is counted up while charging is continued. The counted result is used as the charging duration.
- Step 5 Obtain the internal resistance value corresponding to the charging duration
- the assembled battery control unit 150 refers to the internal resistance table 182 using the SOC, temperature, and charging duration of the unit cell 111 acquired in Steps 2 to 4, and acquires the corresponding internal resistance value.
- Step 6 Obtain allowable charging current of single cell 111
- the assembled battery control unit 150 obtains the allowable charging current of the unit cell 111 using the method described with reference to FIGS.
- Step 7 Obtain allowable charging power
- the assembled battery control unit 150 performs the calculations of Equations 3 and 4 using the allowable charging current obtained in Step 6 as an input, and obtains the allowable charging power.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 obtains the allowable charging current and transmits it to the vehicle control unit 200, and the vehicle control unit 200 calculates the allowable charging power. You may implement.
- the vehicle control unit 200 performs various calculations and processes, and transmits commands to the inverter 400 and the charger 420 so that the assembled battery 110 is charged within a range of allowable charging power received or calculated by itself.
- Step 8 Repeat the above while continuing charging
- the assembled battery control unit 150 repeatedly executes the operations of Step 1 to Step 7 described above. Thereby, the internal resistance value of the unit cell 111 is switched according to the charging duration, the allowable charging power is always obtained using the optimum allowable charging current, and the charging control can be performed.
- the battery system 100 includes the internal resistance table 182 in which the two-dimensional map describing the internal resistance value according to the temperature and SOC of the unit cell 111 is provided for each charging duration. ing.
- the battery system 100 acquires the internal resistance value of the single cell 111 from the internal resistance table 182 using the temperature, SOC, and charging duration of the single cell 111, and obtains the allowable charging current of the single cell 111 based on this. Thereby, even if the internal resistance value of the unit cell 111 changes according to the charging duration, the optimum allowable charging current can be acquired following this and the charging control can be performed.
- the internal resistance table 182 describes the internal resistance value for each discharge duration time.
- the charging duration is input, but instead of this, the discharging duration is input, and the allowable discharge current is calculated by changing the upper limit voltage Vmax of Equation 2 to the lower limit voltage Vmin.
- the allowable discharge current is obtained for each single cell 111, and the value having the smallest absolute value among them is adopted as the final allowable discharge current value.
- Embodiment 1 demonstrated the example which switches the internal resistance value of the cell 111 used when calculating
- Embodiment 2 of the present invention when the battery system 100 operates by switching between an operation mode for supplying electric power to the electric vehicle and an operation mode for supplying electric power to the hybrid electric vehicle, the allowable charge / discharge current is calculated.
- An operation example of switching the procedure to be performed in accordance with the switching of the operation mode will be described. Since the configuration of the battery system 100 is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, the following description will focus on differences.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a method for obtaining an allowable charging current of the assembled battery 110 of the assembled battery control unit 150 included in the battery system 100 according to the second embodiment in a control block.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 switches between operating the battery system 100 in the hybrid electric vehicle mode (HEV mode) or the electric vehicle mode (EV mode) in accordance with an instruction from the vehicle control unit 200.
- HEV mode hybrid electric vehicle mode
- EV mode electric vehicle mode
- the assembled battery control unit 150 calculates the allowable charge / discharge current using the method described in the first embodiment when the battery system 100 is operated in the EV mode.
- the internal resistance value is not switched depending on the charge / discharge duration time, and a fixed internal resistance value is used. Which internal resistance value is used is appropriately determined according to the specifications of the battery system 100 and the like.
- the HEV mode is an operation mode in which the assembled battery 110 is charged and discharged for a relatively short time. calculate. Note that the use of the internal resistance value assuming a short time in the HEV mode is the same in the calculation of the allowable power performed after the allowable current is obtained. In the HEV mode, the calculation process of the assembled battery control unit 150 can be simplified by using the internal resistance value, which is shorter in time than the EV mode, as a fixed value.
- the method of switching the operation of the assembled battery control unit 150 between the EV mode and the HEV mode in accordance with an instruction from the vehicle control unit 200 has been described.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 always allows the allowable current or power for the HEV mode.
- a method of calculating the allowable current or power for the EV mode in parallel In this case, the vehicle control unit 200 receives two types of allowable current or power in the HEV mode and the EV mode, and the vehicle control unit 200 uses either one or two allowable currents or power as necessary. Charge / discharge control of the battery 110 is performed. Even in this case, when the battery system 100 operates in the HEV mode, the allowable current or power is calculated using an internal resistance value that is assumed to have a shorter charge / discharge duration than when the battery system 100 operates in the EV mode.
- the allowable current or electric power assumed in the HEV mode is grasped while the vehicle is traveling in the EV mode, and the allowable current assumed in the EV mode while the vehicle is traveling in the HEV mode. Or you can grasp the power.
- the vehicle system which can consider the charging / discharging performance of the assembled battery 110 after mode switching, and also the traveling performance of the vehicle using the assembled battery 110 can be provided.
- the allowable charge / discharge current may be calculated in consideration of the deterioration state (SOH) of the unit cell 111.
- SOH means the rate of increase of internal resistance due to deterioration, and the value is 1 when the unit cell 111 is new, and the value becomes larger than 1 as it deteriorates. .
- SOH any known technique can be used as a method for acquiring the SOH of the unit cell 111, and thus is not referred to in the third embodiment.
- the SOH here is the result of detecting the rate of increase in internal resistance for each unit cell 111, and this is applied to the allowable current calculation for each unit cell 111.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a method for obtaining an allowable charging current of each unit cell 111 of the assembled battery control unit 150 included in the battery system 100 according to the third embodiment in a control block.
- This allowable charging current is obtained for each of the time when the temperature of the unit cell 111 is the highest and the time when the temperature is the lowest, and the smaller one is adopted. Similar processing is performed when calculating the allowable discharge current.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a method for obtaining an allowable charging current of the assembled battery 110 of the assembled battery control unit 150 included in the battery system 100 according to the third embodiment in a control block.
- the allowable charging current is obtained in consideration of the SOH of the single cell 111
- both the SOC and SOH of each single cell 111 are used when obtaining the allowable charging current of each single cell 111.
- the SOC and SOH of each unit cell 111 are used to determine the allowable current for each unit cell 111, and by adopting the smallest allowable current among them, the variation in the SOC and SOH of the unit cells 111 constituting the assembled battery 110 is obtained. Realize charge / discharge control taking into account.
- SOH can also be taken into account when calculating the allowable power.
- the assembled battery charging voltage required for calculating the allowable charging power the total of the voltages when the allowable current obtained for each unit cell 111 constituting the assembled battery 110 is energized or the assembled battery 110 is configured.
- the average voltage when the allowable current of the unit cell 111 is energized is multiplied by the series number.
- SOH is added to the method of obtaining the average voltage of the single cells 111 and multiplying by the series number, the average SOH is added to Equation 3 as a parameter and expressed as Equation 6.
- Battery charge voltage number of series x (Average OCV + allowable charging current ⁇ average internal resistance value ⁇ average SOH) (Formula 6)
- the result obtained by multiplying the assembled battery charging voltage and the allowable charging current obtained as described above is the allowable charging power.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a processing image when calculating the allowable charging current and the allowable charging power using Expression 5 and Expression 6.
- the allowable charging current and charging power have been described, but the same processing can be performed on the discharge side in consideration of SOH.
- the allowable discharge current is obtained by changing Vmax in Expression 5 to Vmin.
- the allowable discharge power can be obtained by replacing the allowable charging current of Equation 6 with the allowable discharge current.
- the assembled battery 110 can be more reliably charged and discharged.
- each of the above-described configurations, functions, processing units, etc. can be realized as hardware by designing all or a part thereof, for example, with an integrated circuit, or the processor executes a program for realizing each function. By doing so, it can also be realized as software.
- Information such as programs and tables for realizing each function can be stored in a storage device such as a memory or a hard disk, or a storage medium such as an IC card or a DVD.
- battery system 110 assembled battery 111: single battery 112: single battery group 120: single battery management unit 121: single battery control unit 122: voltage detection circuit 123: control circuit 124: signal input Output circuit, 125: temperature detection unit, 130: current detection unit, 140: voltage detection unit, 150: assembled battery control unit, 160: signal communication means, 170: insulation element, 180: storage unit, 181: SOC table, 182 : Internal resistance table, 200: Vehicle control unit, 300 to 330: Relay, 400: Inverter, 410: Motor generator, 420: Charger.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施形態1に係る電池システム100とその周辺の構成を示す図である。電池システム100はリレー300と310を介してインバータ400に接続され、リレー320と330を介して充電器420に接続される。電池システム100は、組電池110、単電池管理部120、電流検知部130、電圧検知部140、組電池制御部150、記憶部180を備える。
OCV=CCV-I×R-Vp ・・・(式1)
単電池111の内部抵抗値は、当該単電池111の温度とSOCに応じて変化する。単電池111の温度は単電池制御部121から、単電池111のSOCは前述した方法を用いて、それぞれ取得することができる。組電池制御部150は、これらを用いて単電池111の内部抵抗値を取得し、適切な許容充電電流を定める。
許容充電電流=(Vmax-OCV)/内部抵抗値 ・・・(式2)
組電池充電電圧=直列数×
(平均OCV+許容充電電流×平均内部抵抗値) ・・・(式3)
許容充電電力=許容充電電流×組電池充電電圧 ・・・(式4)
以下では、電池システム100が単電池111を充電する際に、各単電池111の充電電力を許容範囲内に収めるための動作手順について説明する。
組電池制御部150は、単電池管理部120等の測定結果を用いて、式1により単電池111のOCVを得る。ただし、無負荷時の場合は単電池管理部120が測定した電圧をそのままOCVとして扱うことができる。
組電池制御部150は、ステップ1で取得した単電池111のOCVとSOCテーブル181を用いて、単電池111のSOCを取得する。単電池111に出入りする電流を積分するSOC計算方式を採用する場合は、電流検知部130で測定した電流値を積分してSOCを取得する。さらに、許容電力の計算に備えて、ステップ1で説明した単電池111のOCVから平均OCVを計算するか、ここで求めたSOCの平均値である平均SOCを図3のSOCテーブル181で平均OCVに変換しておくとよい。
組電池制御部150は、単電池群112毎に設けた単電池制御部121を用いて、2つ以上の単電池群112の温度を取得する。単電池111毎に温度検知部125を設けている場合は、単電池111毎に温度を取得する。取得した2つ以上の温度から、許容電流の計算用に最高温度と最低温度を求め、許容電力の計算用に平均温度を求めておく。
組電池制御部150は、単電池111を充電している継続時間を取得する。例えば、単電池111の充電を開始した時点でカウントを開始し、充電が継続している間はカウントアップする。このカウントした結果を充電継続時間として用いる。
組電池制御部150は、ステップ2~ステップ4で取得した、単電池111のSOC、温度、充電継続時間を用いて内部抵抗テーブル182を参照し、対応する内部抵抗値を取得する。
組電池制御部150は、図5および図6で説明した手法を用いて、単電池111の許容充電電流を求める。
組電池制御部150は、ステップ6で求めた許容充電電流を入力として式3および式4の計算を実施し、許容充電電力を求める。車両制御部200が許容充電電力を求める機能を備えている場合は、組電池制御部150が許容充電電流までを求めて車両制御部200に送信し、車両制御部200が許容充電電力の計算を実施してもよい。車両制御部200は、受信または自身で計算した許容充電電力の範囲内で組電池110が充電されるように各種演算や処理、インバータ400や充電器420への指令の発信を行う。
組電池制御部150は、以上のステップ1~ステップ7の動作を繰り返し実行する。これにより、充電継続時間に応じて単電池111の内部抵抗値を切り替え、常に最適な許容充電電流を用いて許容充電電力を求め、充電制御を実施することができる。
以上のように、本実施形態1に係る電池システム100は、単電池111の温度とSOCに応じた内部抵抗値を記述した2次元マップを充電継続時間毎に設けた、内部抵抗テーブル182を備えている。電池システム100は、単電池111の温度、SOC、充電継続時間を用いて内部抵抗テーブル182から単電池111の内部抵抗値を取得し、これに基づき単電池111の許容充電電流を求める。これにより、充電継続時間に応じて単電池111の内部抵抗値が変化しても、これに追従して最適な許容充電電流を取得し、充電制御を実施することができる。
実施形態1では、充放電継続時間に応じて、許容充放電電流を求める際に用いる単電池111の内部抵抗値を切り替える例を説明した。この手法は、電気自動車のように充放電時間が比較的長い運用形態を想定している場合には有効であるが、ハイブリッド電気自動車のように電池を用いる時間が比較的短い運用形態の下では必ずしも必須ではないと考えられる。
以上の実施形態1~2において、単電池111の劣化状態(SOH)を加味して許容充放電電流を算出するようにしてもよい。ここでのSOHは劣化に伴う内部抵抗の上昇率のことを意味しており、単電池111が新品のときは値が1であり、劣化するに応じて値が1よりも大きくなるものとする。本発明の実施形態3では、SOHを加味した動作例を説明する。単電池111のSOHを取得する手法としては、任意の公知技術を用いることができるので、本実施形態3では言及しない。ただし、ここでのSOHは単電池111毎に内部抵抗上昇率を検知した結果とし、これを単電池111毎の許容電流演算に適用することを想定している。
許容充電電流=(Vmax-OCV)/(内部抵抗値×SOH) ・・・(式5)
組電池充電電圧=直列数×
(平均OCV+許容充電電流×平均内部抵抗値×平均SOH) ・・・(式6)
Claims (10)
- 単電池が複数接続された組電池を制御する制御部と、
前記単電池または前記組電池の端子間電圧を測定する電圧測定部と、
前記単電池または前記組電池に流れる電流を測定する電流測定部と、
前記単電池または前記組電池の温度を測定する温度測定部と、
前記単電池の温度、充電状態、内部抵抗値、および前記単電池を充電または放電する継続時間の対応関係を示した内部抵抗の特性情報を格納する記憶部と、
を備え、
前記内部抵抗の特性情報は、
前記継続時間の値毎に前記対応関係を記述しており、
前記制御部は、
前記電圧測定部または前記電流測定部の測定結果を用いて前記単電池の充電状態を取得し、
前記単電池の温度、充電状態、および前記継続時間に対応する前記内部抵抗値を前記内部抵抗の特性情報から取得し、
前記単電池の上限電圧または下限電圧、開回路電圧、および前記内部抵抗値を用いて、前記単電池の充電電流または放電電流を算出し、その値にしたがって前記単電池の充電または放電を制御する
ことを特徴とする電池制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、
前記組電池の動作モードを、電気自動車に電力を供給する動作モードと、ハイブリッド電気自動車に電力を供給する動作モードとで切り替えて動作させ、
電気自動車に電力を供給する動作モードで前記組電池を動作させるときは、前記単電池を充電または放電する継続時間に対応する前記内部抵抗値を用いて、前記単電池の充電電流または放電電流を算出する
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、
前記組電池の動作モードを、電気自動車に電力を供給する動作モードと、ハイブリッド電気自動車に電力を供給する動作モードとで切り替えて動作させ、
ハイブリッド電気自動車に電力を供給する動作モードで前記組電池を動作させるときは、いずれかの前記継続時間に対応する前記内部抵抗値を固定的に用いて、前記単電池の充電電流または放電電流を算出する
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、
前記組電池の動作モードを、電気自動車に電力を供給する動作モードと、ハイブリッド電気自動車に電力を供給する動作モードとで切り替えて動作させ、
ハイブリッド電気自動車に電力を供給する動作モードで前記組電池を動作させるときは、電気自動車に電力を供給する動作モードで前記組電池を動作させるときよりも短い前記継続時間に対応する前記内部抵抗値を用いて、前記単電池の充電電流または放電電流を算出する
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、
前記単電池の上限電圧または下限電圧、開回路電圧、前記内部抵抗値、および前記単電池の劣化状態を用いて、前記単電池の充電電流または放電電流を算出する
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、
前記単電池の温度のうち最も高いものに対応する前記内部抵抗値を求めて算出した前記単電池の充電電流または放電電流と、前記単電池の温度のうち最も低いものに対応する前記内部抵抗値を求めて算出した前記単電池の充電電流または放電電流とのうち、いずれか小さいほうを用いて、前記単電池の充電または放電を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、
各前記単電池の充電電流または放電電流のうち最も小さいものを用いて、前記単電池の充電または放電を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池制御装置。 - 前記記憶部は、
前記単電池の開回路電圧と充電状態の対応関係を示したSOCの特性情報を格納し、
前記制御部は、
前記単電池の開回路電圧と前記SOCの特性情報を用いて前記単電池の現在の充電状態を取得する
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池制御装置。 - 請求項1記載の電池制御装置と、
単電池が複数接続された組電池と、
を有し、
前記電池制御装置は、前記単電池または前記組電池を制御する
ことを特徴とする電池システム。 - 単電池が複数接続された組電池を制御する制御部と、
前記単電池または前記組電池の端子間電圧を測定する電圧測定部と、
前記単電池または前記組電池に流れる電流を測定する電流測定部と、
前記単電池または前記組電池の温度を測定する温度測定部と、
前記単電池の温度、充電状態、および内部抵抗値の対応関係を示した内部抵抗の特性情報を格納する記憶部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、
前記電圧測定部または前記電流測定部の測定結果を用いて前記単電池の充電状態を取得し、
前記単電池の温度と充電状態に対応する前記内部抵抗値を前記内部抵抗の特性情報から取得し、
前記単電池の上限電圧または下限電圧、開回路電圧、および前記内部抵抗値を用いて、前記単電池の充電電流または放電電流を算出し、最も小さくなる充電電流または放電電流を最終的な許容電流とし、
前記最終的な許容電流を通電した際の前記単電池の電圧の合計値、または前記単電池の平均電圧に直列数を乗算した結果を前記最終的な許容電流と乗算することにより、許容電力を求める
ことを特徴とする電池制御装置。
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JPWO2012169063A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
JP5715694B2 (ja) | 2015-05-13 |
US9252624B2 (en) | 2016-02-02 |
US20140111164A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
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