WO2012131791A1 - リチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012131791A1 WO2012131791A1 PCT/JP2011/003669 JP2011003669W WO2012131791A1 WO 2012131791 A1 WO2012131791 A1 WO 2012131791A1 JP 2011003669 W JP2011003669 W JP 2011003669W WO 2012131791 A1 WO2012131791 A1 WO 2012131791A1
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- lithium
- containing compound
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii,iii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O.O=[Co]O[Co]=O LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009774 resonance method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/58—Forming a gradient in composition or in properties across the laminate or the joined articles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
- Y10T428/1314—Contains fabric, fiber particle, or filament made of glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide, or metal carbide or other inorganic compound [e.g., fiber glass, mineral fiber, sand, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat treatment container for a lithium-containing compound used when heat-treating a lithium-containing compound and a method for producing the same.
- Various compounds, especially inorganic compounds, are produced through a heat treatment process.
- the heat treatment is performed by heating in a state where a heat-treated compound (inorganic compound or a raw material thereof) is arranged in a heat-resistant heat treatment container.
- the heat treatment container is required not only to have heat resistance but also to be stable with respect to the heat treatment compound.
- Lithium-containing compounds are used, for example, as positive electrode active materials for lithium ion batteries.
- the lithium-containing compound include LiMnO 2 compounds, LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 compounds, LiMn 2 O 4 compounds, LiCoO 2 compounds, and LiNiO 2 compounds.
- a positive electrode active material (lithium-containing compound) for a lithium ion battery is produced by firing a raw material powder.
- the heat treatment (firing) of the lithium-containing compound is generally performed by storing a heat-resistant material such as alumina, mullite, cordierite, spinel, etc. in a fired container (slag). .
- the mortar is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-292704.
- a bowl with cordierite as the main component has high thermal shock resistance.
- the reactivity with a lithium containing compound is high, there existed a problem that the purity of the lithium containing compound after heat processing fell by mixing of a reaction product.
- the positive electrode active material of a lithium ion battery when such impurities are mixed, not only the battery performance of the lithium ion battery is deteriorated but also a source of short circuit may be caused.
- a sachet mainly composed of alumina or spinel has low reactivity with a lithium-containing compound.
- a sachet mainly composed of alumina or spinel has low reactivity with a lithium-containing compound.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-292704 describes a mortar made of spinel, cordierite, and mullite. These materials have the problems described above.
- This invention is made
- the present inventors have studied the heat treatment container for a lithium-containing compound and the production method thereof, and as a result, have come to make the present invention.
- the heat treatment container for a lithium-containing compound of the present invention is a heat treatment container for a lithium-containing compound in which a lithium-containing compound is disposed when heat-treating the lithium-containing compound.
- the entire base is 100 mass%, 60 to 95 mass%
- the base portion containing alumina and the entire surface portion containing 100 mass%, spinel is contained at 20 to 80 mass%, and is formed integrally with the base portion. And a surface portion that forms a contact surface.
- the surface portion is preferably made of a material whose remaining portion forms a base portion.
- the surface portion is preferably contained at 5 to 40 mass% when the entire heat treatment container for lithium-containing compound is 100 mass%.
- the base preferably contains silica at 5 to 30 mass% when the entire base is 100 mass%.
- the base is preferably formed from alumina and mullite.
- the base part has an uneven shape on the base side interface.
- the base preferably has a porosity of 10 to 30%.
- the method for producing a heat treatment container for a lithium-containing compound of the present invention comprises a step of placing alumina-based powder containing alumina at 60 to 95 mass% in an uncompressed state, and a spinel-based powder containing spinel at 20 to 80 mass%. It is characterized by having a step of placing in an uncompressed state above the alumina-based powder, a step of compressing and molding the alumina-based powder and the spinel-based powder, and a step of firing the compact.
- the remainder of the spinel powder is preferably an alumina powder.
- the spinel powder is preferably contained at 20 to 80 mass% when the whole is 100 mass%.
- the alumina-based powder preferably contains silica powder at 5 to 30 mass% when the whole is 100 mass%.
- the alumina powder is preferably a mixed powder of alumina powder and mullite powder.
- the heat treatment container for a lithium-containing compound according to the present invention has a surface portion in contact with the lithium-containing compound containing a large amount of spinel having low reactivity with the lithium-containing compound, thereby causing a reaction with the lithium-containing compound during the heat treatment, The product is inhibited from contaminating the lithium-containing compound. And the generation
- the heat treatment container for a lithium-containing compound of the present invention is a container in which the reactivity with the lithium-containing compound is suppressed, so that contamination of the lithium-containing compound is suppressed and cracking (breakage) due to thermal shock is suppressed. ing.
- the method for producing a heat treatment container for a lithium-containing compound of the present invention exhibits the effect that the heat treatment container for a lithium-containing compound of the present invention can be produced. Furthermore, the method for producing a heat treatment container for a lithium-containing compound of the present invention is a heat treatment for a lithium-containing compound in which peeling in the laminating direction is suppressed by laminating an alumina powder and a spinel powder and compressing and molding. Containers can be manufactured.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing measurement results of elastic moduli of samples 1 to 3.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing measurement results of elastic moduli of samples 4 to 6.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing measurement results of elastic moduli of samples 10 to 14.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing measurement results of elastic moduli of samples 15 to 19.
- the heat treatment container for a lithium-containing compound of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the heat treatment container of the present invention) is a heat treatment container for a lithium-containing compound in which the lithium-containing compound is disposed when heat-treating the lithium-containing compound.
- the lithium-containing compound to be heat-treated may be a compound containing lithium (Li) in its chemical formula, and may be a mixture in which a compound containing lithium is further mixed.
- a base portion made of a material having high heat resistance and a surface portion containing a large amount of a material having low reactivity to the heat treatment compound (as a main component) are integrally formed. ing. That is, the heat treatment container of the present invention has a base portion and a surface portion.
- the base portion contains alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) at 60 to 95 mass% when the entire base portion is 100 mass%.
- Alumina contained as a main constituent material in the base of the heat treatment container of the present invention is a material having excellent heat resistance.
- the base contains a large amount of this alumina, the heat resistance of the base and the heat treatment container is improved.
- the heat treatment container of the present invention is 100 mass% as a whole, the thermal shock resistance is improved by containing alumina at 60 to 95 mass%.
- the content ratio is less than 60 mass%, a reaction is likely to occur with the lithium-containing compound, and when it exceeds 95 mass%, the heat treatment container is likely to be cracked.
- a more preferable content ratio is 70 to 90 mass%.
- Alumina is a material with relatively low reactivity to lithium-containing compounds.
- the heat treatment container of the present invention contains a large amount of alumina even in the base portion that does not form the surface portion, so that when the lithium-containing compound is heat-treated, the lithium-containing compound reacts with the heat treatment container to produce a reaction product. Is suppressed. As a result, it is possible to suppress contamination of the heat-treated compound with the reaction product.
- the surface portion contains spinel at 20 to 80 mass% when the entire surface portion is 100 mass%, and is formed integrally with the base portion. Form a surface in contact with the containing compound.
- the surface part in contact with the lithium-containing compound contains a large amount of spinel having low reactivity with the lithium-containing compound, so that the product reacts with the lithium-containing compound during heat treatment, and the product contaminates the lithium-containing compound. Is suppressed. As a result, contamination of the lithium-containing compound with the reaction product is suppressed.
- the surface portion contains spinel at 20 to 80 mass% when the entire surface portion is 100 mass%.
- the reaction with the lithium-containing compound can be suppressed and the thermal shock resistance can be improved.
- the content ratio is less than 20 mass%, a reaction is likely to occur with the lithium-containing compound, and when the content ratio exceeds 80 mass%, the heat treatment container is likely to be cracked.
- a more preferable content ratio is 30 to 70 mass%.
- the surface portion and the base portion are integrally formed.
- the surface portion and the base portion are integrally formed.
- the other portion (base portion) formed integrally restricts the volume change.
- an excessive volume change of the entire heat treatment container is restricted, and the occurrence of cracks in the heat treatment container is suppressed.
- the heat treatment container of the present invention is a container in which the reactivity with the lithium-containing compound is suppressed, so that contamination of the lithium-containing compound is suppressed and cracking (breakage) due to thermal shock is suppressed.
- the surface portion is preferably made of a material whose remaining portion forms the base portion.
- the effect of improving the heat resistance obtained at the base portion can be imparted to the surface portion.
- the bondability between both portions is improved and peeling at the interface does not occur.
- the surface portion is preferably included at 5 to 40 mass% when the entire heat treatment container is 100 mass%. If the ratio of the surface part is less than these ranges, it will not be possible to obtain a sufficient reaction suppression effect with the lithium-containing compound, and if it exceeds this range, it will cause cracks in the heat treatment container and peeling or peeling of the surface part. Become. A more preferable ratio of the surface portion is 10 to 30 mass%.
- the base preferably contains silica (SiO 2 ) in an amount of 5 to 30 mass% when the entire base is 100 mass%.
- Silica is a compound that exhibits the effect of improving the thermal shock resistance of the heat treatment container.
- silica has reactivity with the lithium-containing compound to be heat-treated, and as described above, when the surface portion contains a material that forms the base portion, it is preferable that the content is small. . For this reason, when the content of silica falls within this range, contamination of the lithium-containing compound can be suppressed while improving the thermal shock resistance of the heat treatment container. More preferably, it is 10 to 20 mass%.
- the silica content is less than this range, the alumina content is relatively increased, and it becomes difficult to obtain the effect of improving thermal shock resistance.
- the content exceeds this range, it reacts with the lithium-containing compound. In some cases, contamination of the lithium-containing compound due to the reaction product is likely to occur.
- the base is preferably formed from alumina and mullite.
- Alumina is a compound represented by the chemical formula of Al 2 O 3
- mullite is a compound of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and silica (SiO 2 ) (aluminosilicate), and a composition formula of Al 6 O 13 Si 2 It has. That is, by being formed from alumina and mullite, a substance (compound) that easily reacts with the lithium-containing compound is not included, and the heat treatment container of the present invention suppresses contamination of the lithium-containing compound while improving thermal shock resistance. Will be able to.
- alumina and mullite includes not only forming from alumina and mullite alone, but also forming from alumina and mullite as main components. Furthermore, in the present invention, inevitable impurities may be included.
- the base is preferably formed only from alumina and mullite.
- alumina and mullite By forming only from alumina and mullite, other inorganic elements reactive with lithium-containing compounds are not included, and the heat treatment container of the present invention improves thermal shock resistance and suppresses contamination of lithium-containing compounds.
- magnesia is contained in cordierite which is a main constituent material of a conventional mortar, and this magnesia reacts with a lithium-containing compound to produce a reaction product.
- the surface portion has a concavo-convex shape at the base side interface.
- a complex shape concave / convex shape in which the interface where the surface portion comes into contact with the other portion (base portion or intermediate portion) is intertwined is formed, and strong bonding is achieved.
- peeling (peeling) of the surface portion does not occur.
- the deformation can be more strongly regulated.
- the base preferably has a porosity of 10 to 30%. If the porosity is less than these ranges, cracking due to heat treatment tends to occur, and if it exceeds this range, peeling due to lithium erosion is caused.
- the base portion and the surface portion have one or more intermediate portions having a lower content ratio of a material having a lower reactivity with respect to the heat treatment compound than the surface portion.
- the proportion of the material having low reactivity with respect to the heat-treated compound gradually changes, resulting in a sudden change in characteristics. Disappear.
- the content ratio of the material having low reactivity with respect to the heat-treated compound decreases as the plurality of intermediate portions progress from the surface portion side to the base portion side.
- the heat treatment applied to the lithium-containing compound is not only a treatment in which the lithium-containing compound is arranged in the heat treatment container of the present invention, but also heating (firing) for generating the lithium-containing compound. Includes processing. That is, the heat treatment temperature is not limited. Also, the atmosphere during the heat treatment is not limited except that it is preferable not to cause a reaction with the heat treatment container.
- the shape of the heat treatment container of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the shape can arrange (hold) the lithium-containing compound.
- a lithium-containing compound is arranged (held or fixed) on its upper surface, has a substantially plate shape, a tank shape (tubular shape) with an opening at the top or side, and a tank shape (tubular shape) opening as a lid.
- the shape of a closed shape (so-called mortar) covered with a member can be given.
- the portion that does not contact the lithium-containing compound may be formed of a different material.
- the lithium-containing compound to be heat-treated in the heat-treatment container of the present invention may be disposed in the heat-treatment container in any form of a powder or a molded body.
- the method for producing a heat treatment container for a lithium-containing compound of the present invention comprises a step of placing alumina-based powder containing alumina at 60 to 95 mass% in an uncompressed state, and a spinel-based powder containing spinel at 20 to 80 mass%. It has the process of arrange
- a step of placing alumina-based powder containing alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) at 60 to 95 mass% in an uncompressed state is performed.
- the base interface becomes an entangled interface when molded in the subsequent process, and the base does not peel at the interface in the heat treatment container.
- the volume change of the heat treatment container can be further regulated.
- the thermal shock resistance of the heat treatment container to be manufactured and its base is improved.
- This step is a step of arranging the spinel powder that becomes the surface portion.
- a heat treatment container having the surface portion can be manufactured.
- the spinel powder is composed of a powder (mixed powder) containing spinel at 20 to 80 mass%, the surface portion can suppress reaction with the lithium-containing compound and the thermal shock resistance is improved.
- the spinel powder may be disposed above the alumina powder, and another powder (powder for forming an intermediate layer) may be disposed on the alumina powder, even immediately above the alumina powder. You may arrange in.
- the molded body is formed by compressing and molding the alumina-based powder and the spinel-based powder arranged in the previous steps. And formed into the shape of a heat treatment container.
- a step of drying the molded body it is possible to prevent the molded body (heat treatment container) from being cracked or deformed (decrease in dimensional accuracy) in the subsequent firing step.
- the step of firing the compact is a step of firing the compact, and the heat-treated container is manufactured by firing the compact in a state where the powder is compressed.
- the remainder of the spinel powder is preferably an alumina powder. Since the spinel-based powder contains the alumina-based powder, the surface portion also contains the material for forming the base portion, and the effect of improving the thermal shock resistance obtained at the base portion can be imparted to the surface portion.
- the material for forming the base portion is contained together, so that the bonding property of both portions is improved and the separation at the interface does not occur.
- the spinel powder is preferably contained in an amount of 20 to 80 mass% when the whole is 100 mass%. That is, it is preferable that the ratio of the surface portion formed from the spinel-based powder is 20 to 80 mass%.
- the proportion of the spinel powder is less than these ranges, a sufficient reaction suppressing effect with the lithium-containing compound cannot be obtained, and when it exceeds 80 mass%, it causes cracking and peeling due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient.
- a more preferable content ratio is 30 to 70 mass%.
- the alumina-based powder preferably contains silica powder (SiO 2 ) at 5 to 30 mass% when the entire alumina-based powder is 100 mass%.
- Silica is a compound that exhibits the effect of improving the thermal shock resistance of the heat treatment container. Silica has reactivity with the lithium-containing compound in the lithium-containing compound to be heat-treated, and, as described above, when the surface portion contains a material that forms a base portion, the content thereof Less is preferable. For this reason, when the content of silica falls within this range, contamination of the lithium-containing compound can be suppressed while improving the thermal shock resistance of the heat treatment container. More preferably, it is 10 to 20 mass%.
- the silica content is less than this range, the alumina content is relatively increased, and it becomes difficult to obtain the effect of improving thermal shock resistance.
- the content exceeds this range, it reacts with the lithium-containing compound. In some cases, contamination of the lithium-containing compound due to the reaction product is likely to occur.
- the alumina-based powder is preferably a mixed powder of alumina powder and mullite powder.
- Alumina is a compound represented by the chemical formula of Al 2 O 3
- mullite is a compound of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and silica (SiO 2 ) (aluminosilicate), and a composition formula of Al 6 O 13 Si 2 It has. That is, by being formed from alumina and mullite, a substance (compound) that easily reacts with the lithium-containing compound is not included, and the heat treatment container of the present invention suppresses contamination of the lithium-containing compound while improving thermal shock resistance. be able to.
- alumina and mullite includes not only forming from alumina and mullite alone, but also forming from alumina and mullite as main components. Furthermore, in the present invention, inevitable impurities may be included.
- the alumina-based powder is preferably composed only of alumina powder and mullite powder.
- the heat treatment container of the present invention improves the thermal shock resistance while preventing contamination of the lithium-containing compound. Can be suppressed.
- cordierite which is a main constituent material of a conventional mortar, contains magnesia (MgO), and this magnesia reacts with a lithium-containing compound to produce a reaction product.
- the production method of the present invention preferably includes a step of arranging one or more intermediate powders having a lower spinel content than the spinel powder between the alumina powder and the spinel powder.
- the heat treatment container has an intermediate portion in which the proportion of the material having low reactivity with respect to the heat treatment compound is gradually changed in the stacking direction from the base portion to the surface portion. No change in characteristics occurs.
- the plurality of intermediate powders preferably have a reduced spinel content as they progress from the spinel powder side to the alumina powder side.
- a step of arranging an alumina-based powder which is a material having high heat resistance a step of arranging a spinel-based powder which is a material having low reactivity with respect to a heat-treated compound, a step of arranging an intermediate powder, etc.
- the step of arranging the materials in a laminated state it is preferable to have a step of forming irregularities at the interface.
- the heat treatment container manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention is less likely to be peeled off at the interface such as the base portion, the surface portion, and the intermediate portion.
- the molding conditions and firing conditions of the molding step and the firing step can be determined as appropriate, but the processing container to be produced, its base, its surface, and its middle are 10 to 10 It preferably has a porosity of 30%. A more preferable porosity is 15 to 25%. If the porosity falls below these ranges, cracks are likely to occur in the heat treatment container. If the porosity exceeds these ranges, peeling due to lithium erosion is caused, and the thermal shock resistance is reduced and the heat treatment container is cracked (damaged). Is likely to occur.
- Example 1 Alumina powder, mullite powder, cordierite powder and other additives were weighed in parts by mass shown in Table 1 and thoroughly mixed. Thereby, alumina-based powders of Samples A to C were prepared.
- the spinel powder a mixed powder obtained by mixing spinel powder having a particle size of 200 (mesh) and samples A to C in equal parts by weight (equal parts by mass) was used as the spinel powder.
- the sufficiently mixed alumina-based powders of Samples A to C were put into a cavity of a mold and placed in an uncompressed state on the bottom surface thereof.
- Table 2 shows the mixing ratio (mass ratio) of the alumina-based powder and the spinel-based powder.
- the molded body was dried by holding at room temperature for 24 hours.
- the heat treatment containers for lithium-containing compounds of Samples 1 to 3 include a base portion containing 87.2 mass% of alumina having excellent heat resistance and a sample A forming the base portion of 60 to 95 mass%, and have reactivity with lithium.
- the heat treatment container is integrally formed with a surface portion containing 5 to 40 mass% of low spinel.
- the heat treatment containers for lithium-containing compounds of Samples 4 to 6 include a base containing alumina, mullite and cordierite as main components, and sample C forming the base at 60 to 95 mass%, and have reactivity with lithium.
- the heat treatment container is integrally formed with a surface portion containing 5 to 40 mass% of low spinel.
- the apparent specific gravity was obtained by measuring the weight (mass) and volume and dividing the weight by the volume.
- lithium carbonate powder Li 2 CO 3
- cobalt oxide powder Co 3 O 4
- manganese dioxide powder MnO 2
- nickel hydroxide powder Ni ( OH) 2
- the produced pellets were placed on the surface of the heat treatment container for lithium-containing compound of each sample, placed in a firing furnace, and then heated and fired.
- the pellets were fired in an air atmosphere by raising the temperature to 1100 ° C. in 4 hours, holding the temperature at 1100 ° C. for 4 hours, and then allowing to cool in the air.
- Samples 7 to 9 are heat treatment containers having the compositions shown in Table 2 and formed so as not to have a surface portion. Specifically, the sample 7 is a heat treatment container consisting only of the bases of the samples 1 to 3, the sample 8 is a heat treatment container consisting only of the sample B containing a large amount of alumina, as in the sample 7, and the sample 9 is It is a conventional mullite-cordierite heat treatment container.
- the heat treatment containers of Samples 1 to 3 are containers in which the reactivity with the lithium-containing compound is suppressed, so that contamination of the lithium-containing compound is suppressed and cracking (breakage) due to thermal shock is suppressed. It was confirmed that
- the elastic modulus during the test was measured after removing the pellets after the first to sixth pellet firing. The measurement results are shown in FIGS.
- JIS R 1602 bending resonance method
- FIG. 1 shows the measurement results of elastic moduli of samples 1 to 3, 7 to 9, and FIG. 2 shows the measurement results of elastic moduli of samples 4 to 6, 7 to 9.
- the elastic modulus is shown as a ratio when the elastic modulus before pellet firing is 100%.
- all of Samples 1 to 9 have the same elastic modulus. That is, it can be confirmed that the heat treatment containers of Samples 1 to 3 have the same elastic modulus (characteristic) as that of the conventional product while having the surface portion including spinel.
- the heat treatment containers of Samples 7 to 9 correspond to conventional products.
- Example 2 In Samples 2 and 5, the spinel powder for forming the surface portion was the same as in Example 1 except that the mixed powder in which the mixing ratio of Sample A or Sample C and spinel was changed was used. Samples 10 to 19 were manufactured. Table 3 shows the ratio of the raw materials of the surface portions of the heat treatment containers of Samples 10 to 19. Here, Sample 12 and Sample 17 are the same as Sample 2 and Sample 5, respectively.
- the samples 10 to 19 all show the same degree of elasticity. That is, like the heat treatment containers of the samples 10 to 14, even if the ratio of the spinel in the surface portion is changed to 30 to 70 mass%, the elastic modulus (characteristics) is comparable to that of the conventional product. I can confirm.
- the heat treatment containers of Samples 1 to 3 and 10 to 14 suppress the contamination of the lithium-containing compound by suppressing the reactivity with the lithium-containing compound, and suppress cracking (breakage) due to thermal shock. It has become a container.
- the molded body is molded by one molding (pressurization) in a state where the alumina-based powder for forming the base portion and the spinel-based powder for forming the surface portion are laminated. ing. That is, the cost for molding can be reduced in the manufacture of the heat treatment container.
- the pellet-shaped lithium-containing compound was baked using a plate-shaped heat treatment container, but the shape of the heat-treatment container and the arrangement form of the lithium-containing compound are not limited to these.
- the heat treatment container may have a shape of a tank shape (cylindrical shape) opened at the top or side, a closed shape (so-called mortar) in which the tank shape (cylindrical shape) opening is covered with a lid member, and the like. Further, the lithium-containing compound may be in a powder form.
- the heat treatment container has a tank shape and the lithium-containing compound is in a powder form, the effects of the heat treatment container of the above-described embodiment can be further exhibited.
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Abstract
Description
特開2009-292704号公報には、スピネル,コージェライト,ムライトからなる匣鉢が記載されている。これらの材質は、上記した問題を有している。
本発明のリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器(以下、本発明の熱処理容器と称する)は、リチウム含有化合物を熱処理するときにリチウム含有化合物が配されるリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器である。本発明の熱処理容器において、熱処理されるリチウム含有化合物は、その化学式中にリチウム(Li)を含んでいる化合物であればよく、さらにリチウムを含んでいる化合物を混合した混合物であってもよい。
本発明の熱処理容器において、基部は、基部全体を100mass%としたときに、60~95mass%でアルミナ(Al2O3)を含有する。
複数の中間部は、表面部側から基部側に進むにつれて、被熱処理化合物に対して反応性の低い材質の含有割合が少なくなっていることが好ましい。
このとき、本発明の熱処理容器で熱処理されるリチウム含有化合物は、粉末状,成形された成形体、のいずれの形態で熱処理容器に配されていてもよい。
本発明のリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器の製造方法は、60~95mass%でアルミナを含有するアルミナ系粉末を非圧縮状態で配置する工程と、20~80mass%でスピネルを含有するスピネル系粉末を、アルミナ系粉末の上方に、非圧縮状態で配置する工程と、アルミナ系粉末とスピネル系粉末が重なった方向に圧縮して、成形する工程と、成形体を焼成する工程と、を有する。
複数の中間粉末は、スピネル系粉末側からアルミナ系粉末側に進むにつれて、スピネルの含有割合が少なくなっていることが好ましい。
本発明の実施例として、板状のリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器を製造した。
アルミナ粉末,ムライト粉末,コーディエライト粉末及びその他の添加剤を、表1に示した質量部で秤量し、十分に混合した。これにより、試料A~Cのアルミナ系粉末を調整した。
まず、十分に混合した試料A~Cのアルミナ系粉末を、成形型のキャビティに投入して、その底面に非圧縮の状態で配置した。
試料1~6の熱処理容器として、リチウム含有化合物(LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2)の焼成を行い、試験中の弾性率の変化及び焼成後の状態を観察した。
具体的には、以下のようにして行われた。
20回の焼成後の各試料の断面を観察した。
試料1~9の熱処理容器の20回の焼成試験後の各試料の断面を観察した。
上記の繰り返しの焼成試験中、試料1~6の熱処理容器の弾性率を測定した。
試料2,5において、表面部を形成するためのスピネル系粉末において、試料Aまたは試料Cとスピネルの混合割合を変化させた混合粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例1の時と同様にして、試料10~19の熱処理容器を製造した。試料10~19の熱処理容器の表面部の原料の割合を、表3に示した。ここで、試料12と試料17は、それぞれ試料2,試料5と同じである。
試料2,5において、表面部を形成するためのスピネル系粉末において、試料Aまたは試料Cとスピネルの混合割合を変化させた混合粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例1の時と同様にして、試料20~25の熱処理容器を製造した。
上記の実施例では、板状の熱処理容器を用いて、ペレット状のリチウム含有化合物の焼成を行ったが、熱処理容器の形状及びリチウム含有化合物の配置形態は、これらに限定されるものではない。
Claims (12)
- リチウム含有化合物を熱処理するときに該リチウム含有化合物が配されるリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器において、
基部全体を100mass%としたときに、60~95mass%でアルミナを含有する基部と、
表面部全体を100mass%としたときに、20~80mass%でスピネルを含有してなり、該基部と一体に形成され、該リチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器のうち該リチウム含有化合物と当接する表面を形成する表面部と、
を有することを特徴とするリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器。 - 前記表面部は、残部が前記基部を形成する材質よりなる請求項1記載のリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器。
- 前記表面部は、前記リチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器全体を100mass%としたときに、5~40mass%で含まれる請求項1記載のリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器。
- 前記基部は、該基部全体を100mass%としたときに、5~30mass%でシリカを含有する請求項1記載のリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器。
- 前記基部は、アルミナとムライトから形成される請求項1記載のリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器。
- 前記表面部は、前記基部側の界面が、凹凸形状をなしている請求項1記載のリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器。
- 前記基部は、10~30%の気孔率を有する請求項1記載のリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器。
- 60~95mass%でアルミナを含有するアルミナ系粉末を非圧縮状態で配置する工程と、
20~80mass%でスピネルを含有するスピネル系粉末を、該アルミナ系粉末の上方に、非圧縮状態で配置する工程と、
該アルミナ系粉末と該スピネル系粉末が重なった方向に圧縮して、成形する工程と、
成形体を焼成する工程と、
を有することを特徴とするリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器の製造方法。 - 前記スピネル系粉末は、残部が前記アルミナ系粉末である請求項8記載のリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器の製造方法。
- 前記スピネル系粉末は、全体を100mass%としたときに、20~80mass%で含まれる請求項8記載のリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器の製造方法。
- 前記アルミナ系粉末は、全体を100mass%としたときに、5~30mass%でシリカ粉末を含有する請求項8記載のリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器の製造方法。
- 前記アルミナ系粉末は、アルミナ粉末とムライト粉末の混合粉末である請求項8記載のリチウム含有化合物用熱処理容器の製造方法。
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